How to connect wires to each other

Connection of wires. All types and methods

High-quality power supply and voltage supply, stable and uninterrupted operation of electrical equipment largely depends on the connection of electrical wires. The size of the consumer's load current depends on the cross-section of the wire and the quality of the connection.

For example, if two wires of different diameters are connected: 2 and 1.6 mm2, the load current (Imax) will correspond to 10A for a wire with a smaller diameter of 1.6 mm2.

A reliable connection of wires in the junction box guarantees high-quality operation of the electrical circuit in a residential area.

Twisting wires

This connection is one of the most commonly used and recognized as erroneous types of electrical wire connections.

Lack of twisting: the appearance of a gap due to temperature differences that appear during a linear increase in the metal of the conductors as a result of the flow of a large load current. As a result, oxidation of the cores occurs, and a weakening of the contact is observed. The same applies to the connection of copper and aluminum wires.

Twisting, according to the latest PUE requirements, is prohibited for installation, but it is recommended for use for low-current lines for a specific connection of copper wires or only aluminum ones.

There are several recommendations for performing twisting.

First of all, it is unacceptable to connect copper and aluminum wires; in this case, the copper conductor must be tinned with solder; if stranded and single-core wires are connected, the stranded conductor must also be tinned.

In the event that it is necessary to connect two single-core wires in the event of a wire break, the conductor is divided into two cores.

The cores are cut and cut at a distance from each other, so that the twisting points do not contact each other, 2 - 5 turns are enough, which it is advisable to solder.

You can insulate the twist using a cambric, or even without insulating individual conductors; in general, it is enough to fasten strips of insulation along the length of the twist. After this, the twist is insulated with insulation or heat shrink, the number of turns of insulation in accordance with the requirements of the PUE is at least 3.

Soldering wires

This type is not recommended for connecting conductors if heating of the connection is possible when a large load current passes; this requirement is enshrined in GOST R 50571.5.52-2011 and PUE. In the event that soldering is still necessary, a special protective cap with a thread is put on the soldering site.

Fig No. 1. Soldering wires.

Conductor threaded connection

Bolt connection allows the connection of wires made of different metals. It is recommended to constantly tighten the screws, due to the weakening of contact that occurs over time due to temperature changes, with an increased current load. To prevent loosening, a groover is used, it selects the gap that appears and contributes to the reliability of the contact connection. A threaded connection using a screw is bulky and takes up a lot of space.

Fig No. 2. Threaded connection for bolt.

Terminal connection

This type of connection is most widely used in household appliances, as well as in car wiring. The connection is reliable, although due to temperature changes as a result of adding a load or frequent separation of the connection, the wire breaks or the terminal burns out. Replacement occurs after crimping using available tools and soldering the junction of the wires with the terminal.

Fig No. 3. Connection using terminals.

Connection using terminal block

In the event that the network uses small load currents, for example, in circuits of relay protection or fluorescent or other energy-saving lighting. There are two common types of terminal blocks

1. Terminal block using bolt clamp.
2. Wago flat spring clamp, this clamp is one of the modern but expensive connecting elements. It is designed for current up to 25A, although in Russian conditions it is better to use it for networks with a load of no more than 10A.

Fig No. 4. Connecting conductors using Wago spring terminals.

Permanent connection of wires

Permanent methods of connecting wires include:

1. Pressure test.
2. Rivet.
3. Welding.
4. Bandaging.
5. Squeeze.
6. Piercing.

Crimping

The connection is made through the use of a copper or aluminum sleeve, which is placed on the connected cores, which are subsequently pressed with press jaws. For crimping, you can also use (depending on the diameter of the wire) ordinary pliers, or a hammer with a chisel, although pliers are still preferable due to their greater reliability. Crimping can also be performed using a protective cap with a thread; it, at the same time, serves as an insulating element.

In the case of using large cross-section conductors, special hydraulic press jaws are used using a punch and a matrix.

Figure No. 5. Hydraulic press jaws.

Riveted connection of wires

The connection is made using a rivet and spring (engraver) and flat washers. The Grover separates the conductors made of aluminum and copper, it also does not allow the contact to loosen, a flat washer is put on the outside, conductor rings and separating washers are put on a steel rod, which is inserted into the rivet gun.

Figure No. 6. Riveted connection of conductors.

Welding wires

The welding connection is carried out in two ways using thermite and arc welding. In the case of arc welding, an inverter machine is used. Welding is performed using a consumable electrode, for example, ANO.

Figure No. 7. Thermite welding of wires.

Thermite welding uses thermite, a mixture of aluminum, magnesium, calcium and titanium powders. Often used for working at height when connecting aluminum wires of high-voltage power lines, it is reliable, convenient and quick to connect, no need to use connecting bolt dies. Very convenient in low temperatures and adverse weather conditions.

Banding of conductors

It is performed when connecting both conductors of the same name and for connecting conductors of different names, as well as single-core and stranded conductors. The cores with the insulation removed are folded together, then soft galvanized wire is wound on top of them, covering the area next to the connection, which conducts electric current.

Connecting wires by compression and piercing

This type of connection is used to create a branch from the main overhead or cable power line without interrupting the voltage.

If just a few years ago, to connect consumers it was necessary to disconnect the power line and perform twisting, now for a 0.4 kV power network, it is enough to use a special device (compression), the most popular is the so-called “nut”. To compress, you need to strip the insulation, which is life-threatening and for which it is advisable to disconnect the network.

Figure No. 8. Nut squeeze.

Figure No. 9. Design of the OZPI piercing clamp.

The connection is made by piercing, is leak-tight, and does not require disconnecting or stripping the insulation. Clamping plates have teeth in their design that pierce the insulation and provide a reliable connection. The tightening is adjusted with a hexagon. The connection is permanent and disposable, recommended for SIP wires.

Source: http://enargys.ru/soedinenie-provodov-vse-vidyi-i-sposobyi/

How to connect telephone wires to each other

Quite often a person in life is haunted by various kinds of troubles associated with broken wires. In this case, it is worth thinking about connecting them together.

This is done quite simply. However, if we are talking about connecting small wires, for example, headphone wires or a telephone line, then the task becomes a little more complicated.

How to connect an internet cable

Many people now have access to the Internet in their homes. Everyone knows that the wires of the so-called twisted pair are quite easy to break, since they are quite thin. In this case, they will need to be connected to each other. In fact, the technology is not that complicated.

If a twisted pair wire breaks, you should immediately select all the wires by color. This is done quite easily. There are no wires of the same color in a bundle.

After all the wires have been selected, you need to connect them. Of course, you can crimp them and install a new adapter plug.

However, you can simply solder all the wires together according to color. In this case, it is worth using special cambrics to isolate the conductors from each other.

They are sold today in almost any electrical store. They are first put on the conductor, and then soldering is done. After its completion, the cambric is pulled over the junction of the conductors.

How to connect headphone wires

If we are talking about headphones, then the situation is even more complicated, since connecting such wires is not so simple. They have a fairly small diameter, which makes the work much more difficult.

Yes, of course, you can use the most common twisting method, and then apply a thermal insulator to the wire. However, in this case it is not a fact that the wire will last long. The slightest extra movement can tear it apart without any problems.

Here it is worth using a solder connection. This method will be much more effective. Moreover, most of the wires in headphones are made of copper, and this material can be soldered quite easily.

The wire must be stripped and then tinned at both ends. After this, you can connect the wires to each other. As you can see, this process is quite simple, so anyone can do the work.

Today, this method is often used to connect two wires with a small diameter. At the same time, it is also necessary to insulate the conductors after soldering so that they do not come into contact with neighboring ones, and also so that they do not come into contact with the body.

How to connect telephone wires

The telephone wire is also quite fragile. It is easy to tear and damage. Of course, it needs to be connected. This is not so difficult to do.

If the wires used for the telephone connection have the same colors, then you first need to find out which wire is which.

This can be done using a tester. Dialing is its standard function. It is quite simple to produce it.

After the wires have been found, they can begin to be connected to each other. This procedure can be done by connecting by soldering.

It is this method that is rational in this case. If you don’t want to solder wires, you can purchase an additional adapter for a telephone cable.

Tips in the article “How to properly connect electrical wires?” Here.

It can also be used to make a connection. However, it is worth remembering that in this case, special crimps for conductors must be used for the connection. Fortunately, these days it’s quite easy to find them.

Of course, you will need two special terminal blocks in this case, which will be connected from different sides of the adapter.

Source: https://moreremonta.info/strojka/kak-soedinit-telefonnye-provoda-mezhdu-soboj/

How to connect wires correctly in an apartment

The greatest desire of every installer is to connect wires to the connection points without soldering or fastening together. Unfortunately, this dream will never come true. No one would agree to have so many cables used in their apartment. And this pleasure will cost a tidy sum, because a lot of wiring will be required.

This is the main reason that the network has many contacts. Each average apartment can have up to hundreds of such associations. It should be noted that wiring problems most often occur in the places where the ends of the wires touch.

In order to connect contacts correctly and safely, it is necessary to carefully study all the methods and options that are practiced by electricians.

Any living space today has wiring

So, if the question arises of how to connect wires at home, it is best to turn to the bible of every self-respecting electrician - the Electrical Installation Rules (ELR). Paragraph 2.1.21 of this reference book states that it is best to use the following methods:

• soldering;
• welding;
• crimping;
• bolted connection.

But other methods are also practiced that are not listed here. Twisting remains illegal, but connections with screws, insulating clamps such as PPE, and WAGO terminals are, one way or another, permitted. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Twist

Be that as it may, the method that uses twisting is now the most popular among electricians and those users who are trying to create a connection of wires in their apartment. The danger of this technique is the high risk of fire. It can happen due to overheating of the cable, which is under the influence of high resistance caused by the weakening of the twist itself.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2J-6t4Rfb0

But it also needs to be said that with proper operations, the twisting will last for decades. If it is not possible for you to use other methods, then twisting is exactly what you will need. The only condition is to be careful and do everything right.

You should not use twisting in cases where you can create a wire connection using another method. If technical support of electrical circuits is your job responsibilities or you simply do it for money, then the use of twisting may entail liability under the Criminal Code. You also have the right not to pay for the work of the craftsmen who used such technology.

You cannot use methods for connecting wires where different types of metal are used. Also pay attention to the number of cores at each end - you cannot twist a single-core cable with a multi-core one. To connect the ends correctly and efficiently using this method, first remove the insulation from the end by 6–8 cm.

Then fold the wires perpendicular to each other and twist. It is best to do this with pliers, this way you will achieve maximum twist density. But if you are dealing with small cross-section wires, then this can be done by hand.

The length of the twist should ultimately be greater than 10 diameters of the wires you connected.

The final stage of twisting will be insulation. You will need caps, PVC or heat shrink tubing, or simple electrical tape. Be sure to ensure that your insulation overlaps the original insulation. This way you will protect the system from moisture.

The soldering method requires a significant amount of theoretical and practical skills in working with equipment and wires. Experienced electricians know that a good twist is better than a bad solder. First you need to rid the wires of oxidation, tin them, and then twist them. Moreover, you don’t need to twist as much as in the previous case.

Flux and solder also need to be carefully selected, since different metals require different materials. In terms of time, connecting wires in this way is the longest, but the result is better than using other methods. After the wires have cooled, they must be insulated using any available method.

Welding

This method is the most common and popular today. As for practical skills, this method can be considered the fastest and most reliable. You can use both AC and DC voltages from 15 to 30 V. If you are dealing with two wires with a diameter of up to 1.5 sq. mm, use a current of 70 A. If you need to connect three wires, then use 90 A. Three wires with a diameter of up to 2.5 square meters. mm require a current of 100 A, and four - 120 A.

First you need to strip the wires of insulation at a distance of 6 cm from the edge. Then twist them as if twisting, but leave 6mm at the ends. Straighten them and place them parallel.

Remember that when working with a welding machine, you must adhere to all fire safety rules and regulations, and also use all types of protective equipment (gloves, clothing, goggles or mask).

Place the ends of the wires into the clamp and begin welding. You need to achieve a melt ball. It should extend to the twist itself. Welding should be carried out no longer than 3 seconds, otherwise you risk breaking the insulation. After you have connected the wires and they have cooled completely, insulate them.

PPE is made in the form of a cap. Inside the connecting wire there is a steel wire bent in the shape of a cone. Modern manufacturers also fill the cavity of the cap with a special mixture, which protects the connection from moisture getting inside. The first condition for high-quality use of PPE is the correctly selected clamp size. You can read the parameters on the product packaging in more detail.

To make a connection of wires in this way, you need to strip them of their original insulation at a distance that is equal to the length of the cap. Next, insert the ends of the wires into the clamp and fix them there according to the mechanism. Most installers and electricians use the twisting technique for reliability, and place such clamps on top.

The advantage of this method over others is that this way you can simultaneously connect the wires and isolate the twisted points. But there is also a minus - it is unreliable, since the clamp constantly unwinds.

Screw terminals

Screw clamps are very popular when carrying out small work in the apartment. The advantage of this method is the speed and accuracy of the connection. You don't have to insulate the wires. Also, using the clamping technique, you can connect wires of different metals.

The disadvantages of the technology include, first of all, the fact that you cannot connect wires that are made of different metals. They must first be soldered or combined with a tip. Also, such clamps are not entirely reliable - they need to be tightened periodically. So they are best used in places where there is easy, constant access.

WAGO terminals

The terminal block is a relatively new method of connecting wires. It is based on the use of special clamps developed by the German company WAGO. You can now find many analogues on the market, but they are inferior in quality and reliability. If you decide to use this method, then it is best to buy terminals in specialized certified supermarkets. You are offered many options to choose from for a variety of sizes, number of cores, and so on.

The advantage of this method is ease of use, no need to use additional equipment or possess certain skills. You can quickly and efficiently connect wires and insulate them using one clamp. WAGO products have passed all the necessary tests and are the world leader in the production of wire clamps.

Bolted connections

This method is best used when working with networks with high current. The idea is simple - wires are laid between two washers on a bolt, and then tightly fixed with a nut of a suitable size. Moreover, you can connect aluminum and copper wire if you use steel nuts. However, within an apartment, this method is not particularly popular, since it does not look aesthetically pleasing.

Finally, we need to remind you that all wire connections, no matter how you do it, must be accessible for correction and inspection. If you've ever connected two or more wires yourself, please share your comments below.

Source: https://repaireasily.ru/volt/soedinenie-provodov.html

Methods for connecting wires to each other

First of all, you must understand that different types of connections may be used in different conditions. And their choice depends on the specific task at hand.

For example, it is much more convenient to connect small-section wires up to 2.5 mm2 in a compact junction box with terminal blocks or clamps. But if we are talking about a groove or a cable channel, then the sleeves come first.

Let's consider the three most simple and at the same time reliable types of connections.

Let's start with the connection type PPE. It stands for:

It looks like a simple cap. Comes in different colors.

The cores are inserted into this cap and twisted together.

How to do it correctly, first twist the wires and then put on a cap or twist them directly with the PPE itself, is discussed in detail in the article “PPE cap for twisting wires.”

As a result, thanks to PPE, you get a good old twist, only immediately protected and insulated.

On top of that, it has a spring-loaded contact that prevents it from coming loose.

In addition, this process can be slightly automated by using an attachment for PPE for a screwdriver. This is also discussed in the above article.

The next type is Wago terminal blocks. They also come in different sizes, and for different numbers of connected wires - two, three, five, eight.

They can connect both monocores and stranded wires together.
Moreover, this can be implemented both in different types of Vago, and in just one.

For stranded ones, the clamp must have a latch-flag, which, when open, easily allows you to insert the wire and clamp it inside after latching.

According to the manufacturer, these terminal blocks in home wiring can easily withstand loads of up to 24A (lights, sockets).

There are some compact specimens also available for 32A-41A.

Here are the most popular types of Wago clamps, their markings, characteristics and what cross-section they are designed for:

There is also an industrial series for cable cross-sections up to 95mm2. Their terminals are really large, but the principle of operation is almost the same as that of small ones.

When you measure the load on such terminals, with a current value of more than 200A, and at the same time you see that nothing is burning or heating, many doubts about Wago products disappear.

If you have original Vago clamps, and not a Chinese counterfeit, and the line is protected by a circuit breaker with a correctly selected setting, then this type of connection can rightfully be called the simplest, most modern and convenient to install.

Violate any of the above conditions and the result will be quite natural.

Therefore, there is no need to install wago at 24A and at the same time protect such wiring with a 25A automatic. In this case, the contact will burn out if overloaded.

Always choose the right terminal blocks for your car.

There is also a fairly old type of connection, such as terminal blocks. ZVI – insulated screw clamp.

In appearance, this is a very simple screw connection of wires to each other. Again, it comes in different sections and different shapes.

Here are their technical characteristics (current, cross-section, dimensions, screw torque):

However, ZVI has a number of significant disadvantages, due to which it cannot be called the most successful and reliable connection.

Basically, you can only connect two wires to each other in this way. Unless, of course, you specifically choose large pads and shove several wires there. What to do is not recommended.

This screw connection works well for monocores, but not for stranded flexible wires.

For flexible wires, you will have to press them with NShVI lugs and incur additional costs.

You can find videos online where, as an experiment, transition resistances on different types of connections are measured with a microohmmeter.

But we should not forget that this experiment refers to “fresh contacts.” Try making the same measurements after a year or two of intensive use. The results will be completely different.

Often a situation arises when it is necessary to connect a copper conductor to an aluminum one. Since the chemical properties of copper and aluminum are different, direct contact between them, with access to oxygen, leads to oxidation. Often even copper contacts on circuit breakers are susceptible to this phenomenon.

An oxide film forms, resistance increases, and heating occurs. Here we recommend using 3 options to avoid this:

• bolt + nut with steel washers

They remove direct contact between aluminum and copper. The connection occurs through steel.

• special Wago terminal blocks with paste

The contacts are separated from each other in separate cells, plus the paste prevents the access of air and prevents the oxidation process from developing.

• use of copper-aluminum adapter sleeves GMA

The third simple way to connect conductors is crimping with sleeves.

GML sleeves are most often used for joining copper wires. Deciphered as:

For connecting pure aluminum - GA (aluminum sleeve):

To switch from copper to aluminum, special adapters GAM:

What is the crimping method? Everything is quite simple. Take two conductors and strip them to the required distance.

After this, on each side of the sleeve, the conductors are inserted inside, and the whole thing is crimped with press pliers.

Despite its obvious simplicity, there are several rules and nuances in this procedure, if not followed, you can easily ruin a seemingly reliable contact. Read about these mistakes and rules on how to avoid them in the articles “5 Rules of Crimping” and “Crimping Insulated Tips, Sleeves and Terminals”.

To work with conductors of large sections 35mm2-240mm2, a hydraulic press is used.

Up to cross-sections of 35mm2, you can also use a mechanical one with a large span of handles.

The sleeve must be crimped two to four times, depending on the cross-section of the wire and the length of the tube.

The most important thing in this work is to choose the correct sleeve size.

And in this way you can connect several conductors at one point at the same time. In this case, only one sleeve will be used.

The main thing is to completely fill its internal space. If you are crimping three conductors at the same time, and you still have voids inside, then you need to “fill” this free space with additional pieces of the same wire, or with conductors of a smaller cross-section.

Only after this can you press.

After crimping, such a connection must be insulated. The most convenient way to do this is with a heat-shrinkable tube HERE.  

There are tubes with an adhesive base. When heated, this glue flows out and ensures the tightness of the connection.

Insulation using a thermal tube is also a fairly simple process. In the absence of a gas burner or hair dryer, even a lighter is sufficient for small sections.

Sleeve crimping is one of the most versatile and reliable connections, especially when it is necessary to extend the cable, including the input cable.

In this case, the insulation turns out to be almost equivalent to the main one, when also using the outer tube HERE as a casing.
Of course, you won’t use either PPE or Wago for these purposes, but GML cartridges are just the thing! At the same time, everything comes out compact and can be easily reduced, either in a groove or in a cable channel.

In addition to all the above connection methods, there are two more types that experienced electricians rightfully consider the most reliable.

• electric welding

• soldering wires

However, this type of docking cannot be classified as simple. It requires special equipment, which even 90% of electricians often do not have available.

And even with its help it is not always possible to connect an aluminum monocore wire with a flexible copper stranded one. In addition, you are forever tied to an outlet or extension cord.

What if there is no voltage or generator nearby? More details

At the same time, on the contrary, 90% of electrical installers have elementary press pliers. It is not necessary to purchase the most expensive and sophisticated ones for this.

For example, batteries. It’s convenient, of course, just walk and press a button.

The Chinese counterparts also cope well with their task of crimping. Moreover, the entire process takes no more than 1 minute.

Source: https://domikelectrica.ru/sposoby-soedineniya-provodov-mezhdu-soboj/

Examples of connecting wires in home wiring

Consequences of connecting wires through Vago terminals

In this article I will tell you about a real case of connecting wires in an apartment. I already have a lot of such articles, I will provide some links along the way. As usual, there will be a lot of photos, tips and instructions)

So, the story began with the fact that a client called me to his place, who was flooded by his upstairs neighbors. The house is an old two-story barracks, pre-war, the wiring is terrible. Namely - aluminum and copper in different combinations. The house and apartment were completed and rebuilt many times, and the wiring was redone accordingly.

Therefore, when water got on the electrical wiring, it led to the apartment being completely de-energized. The situation was aggravated by the fact that the apartment had just been renovated with good finishing, the walls were covered with expensive wallpaper and decorative stone. And, as always, before making repairs, the owners did not think about the fact that the wiring left much to be desired. That is, it is in unsatisfactory condition.

For a Russian person, as usual, until the thunder strikes. But for now it works - and okay!

So, I came that evening and restored the apartment from an electrical point of view, connecting the wires in the junction box with what I had in my arsenal - Wago of different models, PPE connectors.

But I immediately said that I don’t give any guarantee - perhaps in a day everything will burn again! And all the wire connections will need to be done in a normal way.

And now, half a year later - a call! It's time! It literally burned, the photo is at the beginning of the article, and here:

Consequences of connecting wires in a box through Wago terminals. At the top there is a hole in the suspended ceiling.

The fact is that the machines in the entire apartment were set at 25A. More precisely, there was actually 1 machine, since one was on phase, the second was on zero. This is the shield that was installed throughout the entire apartment:

Electrical panel for apartment power supply

Let me remind you that you cannot do this, this bad tradition dates back to the times when round fuse plugs were installed after the meter. Why is this dangerous - if you hit zero (and here the chances are 50/50), and it seems like there is no “light” in the house, but all the electrical wiring is at phase voltage potential. Even the zero part, which was not dangerous before. Therefore, in this case there should be a two-pole circuit breaker, but not two single-pole ones.

This also happened because before there might not have actually been zero, but in reality there were two phases, with a linear voltage between them of 220V. And if there was a zero and a phase, then no distinction was made between them. Poverty and technological backwardness

I recommend my article about choosing machines for an apartment building.

It is clear that the connection of wires in the box with such protection burned out. Moreover, the wires that were connected through the terminals were old, oxidized, and of different sections.

It is important to remember that the terminals for connecting the wires are the last thing to blame here, so I would like to immediately warn Vago’s opponents - if they are used correctly, they will last for many years!

For those who are not in the know, I highly recommend the article - Examples of practical connection of wires through Wago terminals.

Not only the input wire box (above the meter) burned out, but also the distribution box in the hallway, through which power was supplied to the kitchen and bathroom. Here's what happened to her:

Burnt connection between aluminum and copper wires.

As you can see, a whole collection of different terminal blocks was used to connect the wires.

This photo can be characterized by the words from the song - “I made him from what was”

At the same time, Vago terminal blocks took on bizarre forms of techno-art:

What can terminals for connecting wires turn into 1

What can the terminals for connecting wires 2 turn into?

What can the terminals for connecting wires 3 turn into?

What can the terminals for connecting wires 4 turn into?

I repeat, these photos are not anti-advertising at all. Rather, this is a warning that you need to use Vagi correctly!

Replacing connections

So, we have two junction boxes, the wire connections in which are completely useless. What should be done in such cases? Here are the main points:

• Cut out the old terminal blocks with pliers,
• Strip the wires to a good metal that has not darkened due to temperature. If necessary, cut the wire even shorter,
• If necessary, extend the wires so that they can be connected,
• During all these manipulations, understand the train of thought of the electrician who acted here 20-40-60 years ago. In other words, understand the wiring diagram,
• Install a new junction box,
• Connect the wires to each other using terminal blocks.

Here's how I did the electrical wiring repair in this case.

After the meter, there were initially two 25-amp circuit breakers; from their output terminals I powered the following electrical panel:

Electrical panel in which the correct protection of electrical wiring from overload is installed

I don’t remember the exact connection diagram now, but that’s not important right now.

I installed the following boxes:

We install distribution boxes for connecting wires

Why two boxes instead of one? You will need to fit everything - all the wires and terminals. In addition, cutting off the burnt ends of the wires makes them shorter.

From this place, wires spread throughout the entire apartment (both copper and aluminum), and two VVG 3x2.5 cables arrive:

Connecting wires in a junction box with different terminal blocks

In this case, I use the TB2504 terminal block to connect the outlet circuits.

I’ll talk about such terminals later in this article.

For connecting lighting circuits - Vago terminals. Here's a closer look:

Connecting copper and aluminum wires using terminals

I am quite calm about such connections, and I can give a multi-year guarantee for such electrical wiring repairs.

Connecting wires with terminal blocks

Why do I like making connections with terminal blocks? The fact is that I can be quite confident in such connections, unlike Vago terminals (see photo of what happens in this article)

Such terminals have very low contact resistance and very high reliability if used correctly. The situation is almost the same with crimp connection sleeves. But for the sleeves you need a special tool - press pliers, and for the terminal block a screwdriver is often enough.

For better installation, you need to try to ensure that the area of ​​contact of the wire with the terminal pad is maximum, and the wire itself is as clean as possible. Ideally, a flexible stranded wire should be terminated with lugs.

I already wrote about lugs for stranded wires in an article about the practical use of Vago terminals, the link was above. In addition, stranded wires are discussed in the article about making electrical harnesses.

There are many names for such terminals, and sometimes confusion arises.

Possible names are: a line of screw terminals, a terminal block, a terminal block, a terminal block, and, ultimately, a black carbolite terminal block.

In English, this name sounds like Screw Barrier Terminal Block. Abbreviated as Terminal Block, the first letters of these words (TB) are included in the trade name. Next come two numbers indicating the rated current, and two more numbers indicating the number of terminals in the block.

For example:

• TB1512 (15Amp 12 terminals),
• TB3504 (35A, 4 terminals),
• TB45, TB60 – terminal blocks for 45 and 60 Amps.

Here's an example of how I used these terminal blocks to power an entire office:

Using terminal blocks to connect input wires

Using TB4504 terminal blocks to connect input wires

More details on such important connections can be found in the article about connecting three-phase voltage relays.

These are the terminals I use where there are high currents and a high cost of error. For example, in hard-to-reach places, at the entrance to homes, etc.

I see only one disadvantage of such terminals - size. Such terminal blocks do not fit into standard distribution boxes and must be placed differently. For example, as shown in this article.

There is another connection option - through the terminals of circuit breakers, where the reliability is no less, and this method is used everywhere.

Walnut type compression

And for large currents and cross sections (more than 63A and more than 10 mm2 for copper) - a completely different story and philosophy.

It often happens here that you need to connect wires of different sections and materials (copper + aluminum). And the best thing that was invented for this is Nuts. Like in this photo:

Nuts for connecting wires

Here is another example of connecting wires with nuts:

Walnut connection in the floor panel

Most often they are installed in panels for entry into private houses and apartment buildings.

by connecting wires

Summary of the article - connect the wires so as to be 100% sure! I wish everyone a good contact!

Source: https://SamElectric.ru/elektrika/primer-soedineniya-provodov-v-domashnej-provodke.html

How to connect two wires without soldering

It is clear that you can connect two or three wires together by soldering them, but this is the most difficult way, because you need a soldering iron, socket, solder, flux. Of course, the easiest way to connect wires is to twist them. If you know how to do it correctly, such a connection can be quite mechanically strong and provide good electrical contact. Check out the photo below. It shows the method used to join cables together with high mechanical strength.

This method however has its drawbacks. Making such connections is very tedious, especially if there are to be many of them in an electrical installation.

In addition, the length of the cable used for connection is long, which indicates how much less wires we will need for installation if there are really a lot of such connections, or how much we will have to pay to connect the system.

What is important is that under no circumstances can such connections be made under voltage, which sometimes cannot be turned off and you have to work under current.

Precautionary measures

Wires often vary in size and type of conductor. The thinnest wire in the entire system must be able to carry the maximum current that flows in the circuit. In addition, the connection between two wires can further increase the series resistance, especially if it is not a good one or, for example, it does not match the diameter of the wire. This can cause the connection to overheat, which is often observed by inexperienced electricians.

Depending on the voltage and current, different standards apply for these types of connections. These standards exist for a reason, and if you ignore them, you are doing the job at your own peril and risk. Sometimes it ends in a very unpleasant way. A typical example is the possibility of a fire due to the use of an unsuitable electrical connector, even if the connector is located in a completely different location than the fire that occurred.

Now let's look at the most popular and frequently used cable connectors for connecting electrical wires together.

Electrical terminal block

If you want to connect several different electrical circuits together, you can use an electrical terminal block as shown in the figure. The topic of terminal blocks is very broad - this is a huge group of connectors that would be difficult to cover within one article, so let's just study the photo - most of us have already had the opportunity to use this type of connection when installing chandeliers and lamps.

Nuts for cables

These types of connectors (Molex 0191600039) come in a variety of colors and sizes. They are very popular in electrical installations in different countries. They are used for connections in the indoor energy network. Such a nut consists of a truncated cone made of insulating material with a thread inside.

Using this connection is simple - take two insulated ends of the cord, insert them into the cone and twist. This nut makes it easy to connect even very different wire diameters, and also allows you to connect two, three or four wires at the same time.

Provided that all bare conductors are contained within an insulated cone, the connection is completely insulated. However, the connector itself is not very durable and a strong tug may cause it to come loose, which means you should consider whether there might be any mechanical stress in that area.

The good thing about this connector is that you can unscrew it to make changes if you wish.

Wago quick connector

The quick connector (Wago 221) shown in the photo is designed to connect two wires together, but they are available in versions with five simultaneous connections. The insulated cable ends are placed into connectors that snap into place by pressing a lever.

Useful: How to connect a light switch

The lever makes it very easy to attach and unfasten the connector - the connection can be reused several times. Additional accessories for Wago connectors are also available, which allow, for example, the entire connector block to be permanently mounted in the housing.

Spade terminals

Anyone who knows about car wiring has seen what spade terminals look like. Here are photographs depicting such a connector: there is a male version (Panduit DNF18-250-M) and a female version (Panduit DNF14-250FIM-M).

Terminals of this type are clamped onto insulated wires using a special device - a crimping tool. Connectors are available in a wide range of insulation colors. Very often the color is also an indicator of the recommended wire thickness at which the terminal should be crimped.

Typically, part of this connection is attached to the relay or other device block, and the other part is slipped over it and located on the cable, but there are also simple crimp connectors.

When using it, make sure that the entire connection is completely isolated. Special insulating gaskets make this quite reliable. Connectors of this type provide a fairly high resistance to accidental disconnection, even for high tensions.

Plug crimp connectors

These connectors use the same crimping and insulating tools as spade terminals, butt connectors (such as the Phoenix Contact 3240061 connector) are often found in the same manufacturer series as automotive terminals.

This connector is simply a metal tube (sometimes insulated) in which the stripped end of one wire is placed at one end of the tube, crimped, and repeated for the other wire on the other side.

Bullet connectors

The specified connection is not separable. This connection is often heard in the English name: Bullet Connector. The photo shows a pair of Panduit connectors: EBV18-4MB-Q and EBV18-4B-Q.

This type of connection consists of a metal tube in which the cable is clamped on one side, resembling a bullet (sometimes with additional insulation), and on the other, a similar tube into which the so-called “bullet” enters. An electrical wire is also connected to the second tube.

Scotchlok connector

Sometimes it is necessary to use an unbroken cable for connection. Of course, you can always cut it and make, for example, a three-way connection. There is a practice for this, which consists of removing a small section of the insulation of the wire and wrapping it with another. However, a much better solution is available - Scotchlock couplings, shown in the picture.

This connector has two tracks. One of them slides along the main wire (insulated), and the other for the butt wire.

The entire connector on both wires is covered, which may require the use of pliers, especially with larger gauge wires or thicker insulation.

When closing the connector, a special knife is pressed into the insulation, which, after passing through it, touches the inner conductor, closing both wires located in the element. This type of technology (with cut contact insulation) is called IDT.

IDT Butt Connectors

Now that we have already presented one type of IDT connector, we will learn about several more connectors of this type. The photo shows an example of an IDT butt connector (Keystone 8377). There are many series of connectors of this type, such as the i-Clamp Keystone shown or the Coolsplice series from TE Connectivity.

Very convenient pedal type connectors, considered one of the most modern.

Fittings connectors

There are also such connectors as fittings. Fully insulated, which means you can work under voltage if necessary.

Summarizing

For all the connection options described above, it is important to remember that some of them - for example, terminal strips or nuts - are universal and very popular, while others are specialized, that is, they serve a specific application. We always need to think carefully to choose the right connector for connecting wires in an electrical network or other installation that we are repairing or creating. And if in doubt, ask in the comments and we will try to clarify the question.

Source: https://2shemi.ru/kak-soedinit-dva-provoda-bez-payki/

Connecting electrical wires - reliable methods

First, let's define what a distribution box is? This is a hollow device made of polymer, round, rectangular and square in shape with a lid and special cable entries. Used to connect conductors together.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRHLv23JFv4

Today, a variety of conductor connections are made. This diversity depends on various factors:

• wire section;
• core material (CU, AL);
• number of conductors;
• operating conditions (temperature, climate).

Knowing all these factors, connections are selected in such a way as to comply with certain electrical and fire safety requirements. In addition, you need to consider in which places such boxes with conductor connections will be used:

• dry rooms;
• wet areas;
• especially raw.

Connecting electrical wires in a junction box

To determine which connection method to choose under certain conditions, you need to refer to the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules). According to paragraph 2.1.21, from PUE -7 of the main document on electrical installation, all end connections of wires and cables must be carried out by means of:

• crimping with sleeves;
• clamps (using a bolt, screw);
• welding;
• adhesions.

Connecting wires using crimping sleeves

Connecting wires using a sleeve followed by crimping is the most reliable method and has good electrical contact.

How to connect wires:

• strip the insulation from electrical wires of a certain length;

• take a sleeve of the appropriate length and diameter;

• insert bare wires into the sleeve;
• crimp (press) the sleeve in two or three places with a special power tool (press pliers);

• Apply insulating material (heat-shrink tubing) to the sleeve.

If you don't have heat shrink tubing, you can use insulating tape.

You must take into account that the sleeves are selected in such a way that the diameter of the twisted wires matches the inner diameter of the sleeve. You should not use a sleeve that is not the right size.

How to connect wires using clamps - nut or bolt type

The most common way to connect wires is with a Walnut clamp. This clamp received this name because of its external resemblance to a nut. They are produced in different sizes for connecting both thin and thick wires.

The inside of the “Nut” consists of two main and one intermediate metal plates. There are 4 screws along the edges of the plates. The plates themselves are placed in an insulated carbolite housing, consisting of two parts.

The design feature of Oreshok is that aluminum and copper wires can be connected into one circuit using an intermediate plate.

A bolted connection is also used to connect wires. For a certain cross-section of wires, the size of the bolt is selected. For example, for a wire cross-section of 1.5 - 4 mm², a bolt with a diameter of 6 mm is suitable, for a cross-section of 6 - 10 mm², a bolt diameter of 8 mm, 16 - 35 mm², a diameter of 10 mm.

To connect aluminum to copper using a bolt, a washer is also used - a gasket.

After carefully compressing the wires using a nut, this connection is isolated.

Advantages:

• low cost;
• good insulation for "Nut"
• It is possible to connect aluminum conductors with copper conductors.

Flaws:

• loosening of the threaded connection in the “Oreshok”;
• plenty of insulation for bolted connections;
• The connection dimensions are suitable for large junction boxes.

Connecting wires using welding

One of the best ways to connect wires in a box is welding. How is this all done?

To begin with, the insulation is removed from the ends of the wires. Then the wires are twisted together. The ends are ready for welding.

Welding of wires is carried out with a special welding machine with a voltage of 12 - 36 V. The welding current is regulated depending on the cross-section and number of wires, from 70 to 120 A and the power of the device is sufficiently 500 - 600 W. The work can also be carried out using an inverter welding machine.

For welding I use special graphite electrodes for aluminum and graphite-copper electrodes for copper. The work is carried out in special glasses to protect the eyes from the electric arc.

One cable of the welding machine with a clamp or pliers is connected to the twist, and the second to the electrode holder (holders). The electrode is brought to the tip of the twist and when touched, contact occurs and an arc appears, with the help of which copper or aluminum wires are melted so that a droplet appears. This is enough to make the most reliable contact.

The only drawback of this connection is that when disconnecting the wires, if necessary, you will have to bite off the tip of the twist (welding site).

Soldering wires with solder

An equally wonderful option for connecting wires and ensuring good contact is using ordinary soldering. To use this method, you will need a little soldering skill using an electric soldering iron.

It is best to take a soldering iron with a power of 80 W or 100 W - this is what you need. With this soldering iron you can quickly heat the place (twist) where you will apply the molten solder.

For soldering, POS-30, POS-40 solder is best suited. For such solder you will need rosin or SKF flux (alcohol-rosin flux), which is applied to the soldering area before heating.

In addition to the material listed above, specialists use a so-called solder tube for soldering, which contains rosin inside. This tube is sold in almost every electrical goods store.

It is highly recommended not to use soldering acid. After soldering, its trace remains on the twist and over time the acid will only corrode the twist, which will lead to dire consequences.

And so, to solder wires you will need inexpensive material and an electric soldering iron. This connection by soldering is a more affordable and simpler method.

Connecting wires with terminals

One way or another, connecting wires using twists will eventually disappear into summer. And their place will be taken by those materials and devices that will meet the requirements of modernity and a more professional approach.

Today, terminals are increasingly being used to connect wires. One of the nice features of the terminals is the quick connection of wires of different metals, which avoids direct contact between metals.

Existing terminal requirements:

• information about permissible voltage;
• information about the cross-section of the core;
• increased heat resistance;
• reliable fixation of the wire core;
• corrosion resistance.

The terminals are: knife, spring and screw.

Knife terminals are mainly used for grounding or grounding. They are convenient because you don’t need a power tool, you can quickly connect and disconnect the contact, which saves time.

Spring terminals have become very popular. Such terminals include products from WAGO. Using WAGO terminals you will receive: simple and quick installation, reliable connection of conductors.

Screw terminals (terminal blocks) are housing cells, each of which contains a metal tube with screws.

Installation work with this type of terminal is not difficult; you just need a screwdriver to tighten or unscrew the screw that presses the exposed wire core inside the tube.

Connecting electrical wires outdoors

What to do if there is such a need to connect wires on the street, in the open air?

Street connections are made in different ways: using a “nut”, bolted connection, twisting. For some time, such connections perform well, but then oxidation of the wire cores, weakening of the bolted connection, and rust occur. The problem begins.

You need to understand that such a connection will be negatively affected by precipitation, summer heat, and frost. To minimize this impact and make a good connection, you first need to prepare a set of materials:

• IP65 junction box;
• sleeves for crimping;
• conductive paste;
• Heat-shrinkable adhesive tube.

Lead the cable or wire into the junction box. Place the sleeves on the bare wires using conductive paste and crimp them.

If you have one aluminum wire and the other copper, then use copper-aluminum sleeves.

Next, take adhesive heat-shrinkable tubes prepared in advance and cut to the required size and put them on the sleeves.

By exposing the tubes to high temperature, we casing the sleeves. To apply high temperature to the tubes, use a gas burner, a blowtorch or a professional electric hair dryer.

After the thermopipes have cooled, carefully place the finished connections in the box and close the box tightly with the lid.

This connection will provide you with high reliability for many, many years.

Conclusion

In this article you looked at all types of correct connection of wires that do not exist today. Choose the type of connection that is suitable for your operating conditions.

You may not be able to perform some types of installation work due to lack of skills, tools, or you doubt the correctness of your actions. Then resort to hiring a specialist who, due to his experience, will do everything right.

Don’t forget that proper installation of electrical wiring is the key to your electrical and fire safety.

Source: https://electromc.ru/soedinenie-elektricheskix-provodov/

How to connect a wire to a stranded conductor correctly, connection rules

A wire with a stranded core (stranded wire) is one of the most commonly used in electrical wiring, as it has sufficient elasticity and flexibility better than others, and the connections with it are strong and durable. The wire consists of many strands tightly intertwined and covered with a layer of insulation. This type of wire is used not only at home, but also in large-scale production.

If a person does not have special knowledge and skills during the installation of electrical wiring, then incorrect connection of these wires can lead to serious negative consequences. There are so-called “Electrical Installation Rules” (RUE), which clearly state that electrical wiring must be used in a residential area, which is made only with copper wires!

Stranded and single-core wires can only be connected using soldering, pressing, welding, or squeezing.

Let's take a closer look at each of these methods.

Soldering

Soldering is when wire strands are connected using straightened solder. Although this method requires special tools and consumables, it is widely used due to the fact that absolute electrical contact is obtained with this method. This type is used when moving sockets, switches, connecting several damaged wires, etc.

What you will need:

• Flux (rosin)
• Sandpaper
• Tin-lead solder
• Soldering iron

Advice! In order for the connection to last for a long time, immediately before soldering it is necessary to apply a bandage and wrap the connected parts with wires of a smaller diameter.

Stages of work:

1. The first thing that is required is to remove the insulation from the wire by about 40-50 mm.
2. Use sandpaper to polish the wires to a metallic shine.
3. We connect the wire cores using one of the options shown in the figure.
4. Place the solder on the soldering iron and heat the twist so that the molten solder flows into it.
5. After the soldering has hardened, you can wipe it with an alcohol solution.
6. Then the completed connection is isolated.

Note! During the process, and immediately after you have soldered the wires, do not pull them! They should remain motionless for 5-8 seconds until they harden. After the structure has hardened, the surface of the solder will acquire a matte color.

Pressing

One of the advantages of this method is the faster connection speed than soldering.

The pressing method involves the use of special sleeves, hollow from the inside, into which wires are inserted and then clamped with pliers. Sleeves can be aluminum, copper and brass. Aluminum is used with aluminum wires, copper is used with copper, and others are used for both types of wires.

When the sleeves are compressed, the wires are deformed and, rubbing tightly against each other, create the necessary electrical contact, and the junction becomes quite strong.

What you will need:

• Connection sleeve
• Special pliers

Stages of work:

1. Using a special knife, remove the insulation from the wire. Insulation is made along the length of the sleeve.
2. They do a twist.
3. Twisted wires are placed inside.
4. Then the sleeve is squeezed with pliers.
5. Insulation of the connection point.

Advice! To prevent oxidation of the wires, the connection point should be preserved with technical petroleum jelly.

Compression connection

According to the PUE, the compression method is the connection of conductors using bolts and screws. This also includes the use of Wago self-clamping terminals.

Connection with bolts

This type of connection is quite simple, but at the same time not very strong. In order to increase the reliability of the connection, it is necessary to strip the ends of the insulation, then tin the sections and fasten them with a bolt or nut, placing a washer between them. Due to the fact that connection using bolts is quite cumbersome and not entirely aesthetic, it was replaced by another, more convenient method of clamping using screws.

Connection with screws

This method is used to join types of metals such as copper and aluminum. The screw terminal block is presented in the form of a brass tube with two holes and a thread into which screws are inserted, which firmly compress the wire placed in the tube. Due to their small size, screw terminal blocks are used when connecting wires in junction boxes.

Self-clamping terminal block Wago

This method is widely used both in production and at home due to the fact that, firstly, it is simple and easy to use, and secondly, it does not take much time.

In terminal blocks of this type, the wire snaps into the socket. With its help, you can simultaneously connect up to 8 wires at once. Some terminals already have a special contact paste applied to them, which prevents oxidation of the aluminum conductors.

Source: https://remboo.ru/inzhenernye-seti/elektrika/soedinit-provod-s-mnogoprovolochnoj-zhiloj.html

How to connect copper wires to each other

When performing electrical wiring, you inevitably face the need to connect sections of wires to each other. Connections are made in junction boxes that are mounted in the wall or on the wall. Usually in such a box the wires leading to the machine in the distribution panel and the wires going to the socket, lamp, switch are connected. Another wire can go in transit from our box to the next one. All connections, of course, are made in accordance with the diagram.

Wall Mounted Junction Box

So. Before you run and connect the wires, let’s remember what main types of connections exist:

• twisting of wires and their further soldering or welding;
• connection using terminal blocks;
• connection using “nuts”;
• connection of neutral wires using connecting busbars;
• spring terminals type WAGO;
• use of bolted connections.
• connection using sleeves.

The good old way of joining - twisting

To twist the wires and insulate the twisted area, you don’t need anything other than pliers and electrical tape. High-quality and carefully made strands of copper wires last for several decades. Don’t forget to clean the exposed areas of the conductor core (TCC) before twisting them.

For greater reliability, the twist can be soldered using standard tin-lead solder and rosin or other flux. It is even better to pass a short-term welding current through the joint.

At the end of the twist, a bead (drop) of copper is formed; such a connection will last until the insulation is destroyed. Only copper conductors can be welded and soldered. But if we look at the PUE. then we will see that twisting is prohibited. especially in wooden houses and baths.

therefore they do twisting with soldering or welding.

twisting with soldering and twisting by welding

In general, it is much more difficult to achieve reliable connections for aluminum conductors than for copper. When twisting aluminum wires, due to the mechanical properties of the material, it is very easy to tear or break the exposed part of the TPG.

Using screw and generally threaded connections for aluminum wires, it is necessary to periodically stretch the contacts, since the material “floats” over time, the contact resistance gradually deteriorates, and as a result, the contact may burn out and, in the worst case, a fire.

The main problem that can arise when performing conventional twisting is electrochemical corrosion when trying to connect wires made of different materials; it is especially dangerous to try to twist wires made of copper and aluminum. In practice, there are more than one cases where such connections had to be redone.

To perform twists that are homogeneous in material, PPE (connecting insulating clamp) is widely used. The PPE cap is screwed onto the wires connected together, ensuring their twisting and squeezing the exposed areas of the TPG. The insulation of such a connection is quite reliable, and certainly no worse than using electrical tape. When using PPE, it is necessary to very carefully ensure that the sizes of the cap and the connected wires match.

Terminal blocks

Connections using terminal blocks are widely used. The plastic body of the pad contains contact sleeves (usually brass) with internal threads. Reliable contact is ensured by screws that clamp the wire inserted into the sleeve.

Branch cable clamps

To reliably connect wires made of different materials and to branch wires from the main (main) line without breaking it, cable clamps (“nuts”) are used. The “nut” core consists of two pressure dies and a separating central plate.

This entire structure is bolted together. The main feature of cable compression is that the connected cores contact each other only through a steel separating plate.

Often, “nuts” are used when installing an input into a house or apartment to transition from the main aluminum wire to copper internal wiring.

Walnut clamp without cover

"Nut" fully assembled

Connection bars

To connect a large number of working neutral or protective grounding conductors in distribution panels, busbars are widely used. The zero bus is attached to the panel structure or installed on a DIN rail through an insulating stand, the “earth” bus is attached directly to the housing. Both buses have several holes with clamping screws for connecting cores.

Grounding bus

When using screw terminals, the force with which the core is pressed against the contact weakens over time, especially in the case of contact with aluminum. The contact deteriorates and the junction begins to heat up. This leads to the need for periodic inspection and tightening of threaded contacts.

Spring terminals

Screwless spring terminals significantly speed up the installation process. Their design was developed by the German company WAGO in the fifties of the twentieth century. Terminals for construction installation based on flat spring clamps allow you to reliably connect any copper and single-core aluminum wires in any combination without the use of special tools.

The main advantage of spring terminals is that the spring itself is always movable; spring steel clamps create a specified clamping force throughout the entire service life of the terminal. It automatically matches the cross-section of the conductor; force is applied to the surface of the conductor without deforming it. This ensures constant contact.

Wire installation in WAGO 222 series

The use of spring terminals allows you to reduce electrical installation time (this is especially important for large volumes of work), there is a separate terminal space for each conductor, the conductors are not damaged, reliable protection is provided against accidental touching of non-insulated contacts, all connections look aesthetically pleasing and compact.

There are spring terminals with plug-in contacts (for example, WAGO terminals 773, 2273 series). These terminals can only be used for single-core wires. The bare end of the core is simply inserted into such a terminal block with little effort. To disconnect the contact, the wire is also unscrewed from the terminal block with a little force.

Even more convenient are universal terminals - “latches” (for example, WAGO terminals of the 222, 221 series). They can be used when assembling temporary circuits, since establishing and disconnecting contact takes a few seconds. These terminals allow you to connect wires of different materials and different cross-sections.

The tinned busbar ensures a permanently reliable and gas-tight connection. For example, the performance characteristics of the 221 series are 32 A/450 V and a maximum temperature of 105 °C. 221 series terminals can be used at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C.

It is recommended that before connecting the aluminum wire, fill the terminal with a special contact paste that removes the oxide film and prevents further oxidation of the wire. The WAGO product range includes terminals filled with such paste during manufacture.

WAGO 308 with paste

There are special spring terminals for connecting lamps. Typical parameters of such terminals are that on the mounting side it is possible to connect one or two copper or aluminum single-core wires with a cross-section of up to 2.5 square meters. mm; on the luminaire side - any copper wire of the same cross-section. The rated current for copper wires is 24 A, for aluminum - 16 A.

Connecting different materials with a bolt

When connecting copper and aluminum wires, it is necessary to prevent direct contact of these metals. To do this, you can use branch cable clamps (“nuts”). Spring terminal connectors can be used. You can use a regular steel bolt onto which insulated wire ends made of different materials are wound. Between the wires, a steel washer must be placed on the bolt; it is advisable to spring it with a Grover washer for the durability of the connection.

The final view of connecting wires made of different metals

Sleeve connections

The most reliable connection method is a sleeve connection. It is necessary to select the sleeve itself for the cross-section of the wires. Place the wires on one side and the other and use special pliers to crimp the sleeve with the wires.

Crimping the sleeve with a special press

After this, the sleeve is insulated with electrical tape or heat-shrink tubing. Certainly. The connection quality is good, but the work increases significantly. Moreover, it is difficult to select and buy cartridges in a store.

Source: https://electricremont.ru/kak-soedinit-mednye-provoda-mezhdu-soboj.html