How to knit clamps on reinforcement

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation manually - Piles Mania

The foundation is used as the base of the building. There are several types of it. For example, the tape one resembles a reinforced concrete tape of a zigzag closed shape. It is laid under all load-bearing walls of the structure.

Such a foundation is optimal for most structures, as it bears loads well, increases the structure’s resistance to shrinkage and reduces the possibility of misalignment. This design allows the construction of buildings and structures from wood, concrete, monolith and slabs.

In this case, materials will be used sparingly, since not the entire area under the foundation is poured, but individual strip trenches.

Any foundation requires good strength, this is achieved by reinforcing tapes using cohesive reinforcement. How to knit reinforcement to the foundation manually?

Features of choosing rods

To create a strong foundation frame, you will need ordinary metal rods connected into one spatial structure. In order to increase the durability of the foundation, reinforcement is used; it can withstand the main loads. To arrange the foundation, you need to choose the right one. There are metal reinforcement bars with two indicators:

• indicator K – shows resistance to metal corrosion;
• indicator C - for connecting rods by welding.

Attention! Metal fittings should always be taken with an indicator. Before attaching it, you need to select the type of assembly. Usually knitting is used for this purpose, so using usually knitting with wire you can connect all the rods.

Knitting methods

To work you will need:

• plastic clamps;
• wire;
• clamps with a metal core.

They mainly use a proven method - wire connection. Clamps also have a place in connecting reinforcement; they can be fastened faster and do not require additional assistance. One of the disadvantages of such knitting is poor fixation, this is visible only when forces are applied to the frame before pouring. When the mixture hardens, the clamps are as strong as wire.

There is a small recommendation. If there is hesitation in choosing a connecting element, you should take clamps with a metal interior. This method combines the properties of wire and a regular clamp, the connection is strong. Once the connection and type of reinforcement have been selected, you can begin to select the tool.

Necessary tools for fastening reinforcement

To facilitate the process of tying the rods, you can use a special tool. With its help, you can speed up installation and increase the strength of the bonded connection. If you use a high-quality tool, this will ensure speedy installation of the base. The main tools for tying rods are:

• construction crochet hook;
• special gun for mating;
• drill with attachment;
• handmade hook.

In some cases, you can use bosses - these are plastic fasteners, but they require a prepared base and are not practical to use. Any tool is used as a "winder" after tying with wire. But the gun also performs another function - it can grab a structure and tie it up on its own.

Such a gun can be used constructively for large volumes; it is not suitable for a strip base. Professionals often choose a crochet hook. It can be used in all structures where reinforcement needs to be tied. This tool is compact and well suited for a tape base. You can make a hook yourself by attaching a hook to the handle.

To make the work go faster, you can use a regular drill with an attachment. With its help, the connection will be well fastened; it winds until it stops. There is one drawback - the bulkiness of the element; in strip foundations this method can be inconvenient.

A drill with such an attachment can be made manually. To do this, you need to take a powerful screwdriver and insert the hook bit. The only thing that all tools must do is wind the wire on the rods.

So, the choice depends only on the available materials and preferences.

Choosing a pattern for knitting

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation with your own hands is simple, the main thing is to adhere to the basic rules. First you need to install the frame. You can apply the following strip base scheme: the number of belts also depends on the height and length of the base.

If you make a simple design, then no additional rods are used, the diagram will correspond to a cube with 8 fasteners in one part. It is important to choose the right indicators that correspond to the distance through which the reinforcement is knitted in the base.

Usually taken from 10 to 30 cm, this distance depends on the forces acting on the structure.

If necessary, you can strengthen the structure by adding additional rods. In order to correctly tie the reinforcement, you need to do the following:

1. Take a piece of wire 25-30 cm.
2. Fold the rod in half.
3. Bring the whole side under the joint of the rods.
4. Hook the loop with a hook and bend the reinforcement.
5. Then place the free edge on the hook.
6. Turn clockwise all the way and twist until the element locks.
7. Remove the hook from the connection.

There is one caveat when knitting a connection: you should not twist the wire too much, it may not withstand the load and break. If you have a screwdriver and a special attachment in the form of a hook, this will simplify winding, and if you rent or buy a gun, you can quickly complete all the steps for tying the reinforcement.

The more practice, the better the quality of each hand-tied connection.

Other types of reinforcement fastening

There are other types of binding for connecting reinforcement bars into a single frame - welding and plastic clamps. You can use these types of connections, but experts often choose the usual wire knitting.

Why do builders make this choice? Plastic clamps are a reliable and fast method of tying rods together in a structure. Plastic quickly connects elements and does not require additional components. tools and is also durable after the concrete mixture has hardened.

But it has a number of disadvantages:

• cannot withstand different temperatures;
• the price is more expensive than wire;
• unstable connection before pouring concrete.

This connection is quite expensive, and the strength can quickly evaporate before pouring the mixture; under any load, the rods can lead, break the structure and ruin the entire foundation. Such fastening cannot be done in winter; the clamp may not withstand low temperatures. It is more often used in small-volume structures, where all work is carried out quickly.

Why choose knitting rather than welding? Welding requires a welding machine and experience in such work; the connection also turns out to be reliable. This knitting of the frame provides a good connection with a minimum of cost and time. There is a significant drawback to this method of installing reinforcement - the structure can reduce its strength.

This occurs due to high temperatures during welding and deformation of the base of the joint. At the first frost, the connection may crack. This connection is used in factory conditions and for large volumes of work, with all calculations and with a specialist. Therefore, the choice is often made towards wire knitting.

Plastic reinforcement: how to knit correctly?

The distance for such knitting should be from 150 to 350 mm; if the structure is light, then 600 mm is accepted. When pouring the base, plastic bosses are used; they help the structure not to sag while pouring the mixture. The style of work is identical to that with wire; special clamps or wire are used. But all work is carried out according to careful calculations.

Important! In order for the fiberglass structure to be stable, it is necessary to use metal elements - they will help prevent the frame from sagging and the occurrence of deformations.

Knitting reinforcement is a fairly simple process, but still requires attention to detail. The strength of the entire foundation and building depends on the correct knitting.

There are different types of knitting and patterns, but by following the basic rules, you can easily assemble the frame and strengthen the foundation.

Source: https://svaimania.ru/materialy/kak-vyazat-armaturu-na-fundament-vruchnuyu.html

Is it possible to knit reinforcement with plastic clamps?

Reinforced concrete monolithic structures are one of the prerequisites for the strength, reliability and durability of an object.

A reinforced concrete structure means that the concrete is reinforced using a special frame tied or welded from reinforcing bars.

You should learn how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation before reinforcing concrete on your personal plot, building a house, garage or other durable objects.

Options for knitting reinforcement

Basics of proper tying of reinforcement

Basically, in individual construction, a reinforcing frame is used when laying a strip foundation.

A strip base is a monolithic structure made of concrete and a reinforced frame inside, in which the frame takes on tensile loads and lateral shifts of the soil.

Due to multidirectional loads on the reinforcement frame, it is important to correctly calculate it, as well as find out the parameters of a house or other building that uses reinforcement in the structure, the amount of building materials and their characteristics.

To tie a reinforcing belt with your own hands for any type of foundation in which it can be used, you need to be able to tie the transverse and longitudinal joints of the rods in the correct way.

Welding is very often not recommended for assembling reinforcement cages due to the connection being too rigid, which, under sufficiently strong loads, can burst and weaken the entire structure.

Therefore, you should use a special factory or homemade hook, plus know the basic layout of reinforcing bars in concrete.

Reinforcement parameters when calculating a frame for a strip foundation

The knitting steel wire must be soft or annealed, and in order to properly crochet the reinforcement, it is necessary to study the requirements for the knitting wire, which are regulated in GOST 3282.

Professional builders categorically deny knitting metal reinforcement with plastic clamps, which are allowed to knit fiberglass reinforcement, since the mass of concrete poured into the formwork displaces the knitting points along with the mortar. Slab concrete foundations are a separate topic, and in them the reinforced frame can be welded.

There are ready-made industrial reinforcing mesh welded from rods. But such a frame is much more expensive than a home-made one, and besides, the end joints need to be additionally reinforced with U-shaped clamps in place, which makes the welded frame even more expensive.

Therefore, for the foundation of a private or country house, it is easier to knit the reinforcement frame manually, using a coil of soft wire, a special crochet hook, and instructions for work.

Hook for tying reinforcing bars

When knitting a frame for a foundation, operations are performed in the following order:

1. A piece of knitting wire 20-25 cm long is used for knitting reinforcement rods Ø 8-16 mm. A piece of this length must be cut from the bay;
2. The segment is bent in half in the center, brought under the intersection of the rods diagonally;
3. The sharp end of the crochet hook must be threaded into the loop that was created by folding a piece of wire;
4. The clamp, which is made from a piece of wire, should be pulled tight;
5. the free end of the clamp is placed on the working end of the crochet hook;
6. Now we knit two intersections together: when you rotate the hook 3-5 turns, you will get a strong but flexible twist;
7. After removing the crochet hook from the loop, the remaining free ends of the wire clamp must be bent inside the reinforcement frame.

Important: If reinforcement Ø 25 mm or larger is used for the aroma frame, the intersections of the rods must be welded and not tied. Connected joints can break during operation of a finished reinforced foundation under the weight of concrete and the building.

Ready reinforced frame

Common mistakes when knitting a reinforcing frame that do not need to be repeated:

1. Straight sections of rods at the corners of the frame are connected using the overlap method;
2. The reinforcing frame is installed not on pads, but on vertical frame rods;
3. In the section of the concrete tape, the reinforcing binder and reinforcing material is less than 0.1% of the total volume of concrete;
4. There is no protective layer on the sides of the formwork, which is why the rods can come into contact with the formwork material.

The angular intersections of the frame rods in a strip foundation cannot simply be tied together and left as an overlap of rods. The connection of the rods is done according to anchoring schemes specially developed for such cases, one of which is presented below:

Schemes for anchoring frame corners

Reinforcement of a concrete foundation must take into account some features of the strip structure:

1. The reinforced frame for a concrete strip can be tied both in the ground and in the finished formwork. For this, reinforcing bars, metal clamps and anchors are used;
2. The deep foundation is reinforced before installing the panel formwork - this option is preferable due to the fact that the heavy frame does not have to be lowered into the trench and deformed;
3. The reinforced frame needs to be reinforced with U-shaped or L-shaped anchors at the corners of the structure;
4. To ensure that the frame is protected from below with concrete, supports 5-7 cm in size, called glasses, are used;
5. The lengthening of short longitudinal rods occurs with an overlap, the overlap should be ≥ 20 rod diameters, or ≤ 25 cm;
6. The reinforced frame should not be placed on stones, bricks or sections of reinforcing bars - only iron, plastic or concrete pads should be used;
7. The joints of the overlapping reinforcement must be spaced apart - more than half of the total cross-section of the longitudinal rods should not be connected in one section.

Important! Clamps in the reinforced frame are used to create and hold the geometry of the structure. Therefore, the diameter of long horizontal rods should be 6 for length ≤ 0.8 m and 8 mm for rod length ≥ 80 cm.

Reinforcement of tape with L-shaped and U-shaped reinforcements

Reinforcement of a slab floating foundation should take into account some design features and not repeat common mistakes:

1. The rods at the corners of the upper and lower levels must be connected with U-shaped clamps;
2. You cannot use one reinforcing mesh instead of two frames - the lower frame takes on tensile loads from the weight of the house, and loads from heaving forces are applied to the upper layer of the frame. One reinforced mesh is allowed for concrete slab thickness ≤ 15 cm;
3. Failure to provide concrete protective layers for the frame at the top and bottom. Concrete layers must be ≥ 5-7 cm thick;
4. The cell size of the reinforcing mesh should be ≤ 40 cm, the optimal cell size is 20 cm.

To assemble the reinforced frame of a concrete slab, the upper chord of the mesh is fixed using such bending devices as “tables”, “conductors”, “pawns”, “frogs”, “sticks”, “spiders”, and other supporting elements with straightened rods, which rest against the structure of the lower belt.

Bending products for reinforcing frames and meshes

Bending of reinforcing bars should not be carried out using gas welding. The rods are bent on special bending machines or clamps, in which the required radius can be set.

Near the load-bearing walls, the foundation must be reinforced with additional rods, since the size of the mesh cells near the walls is half the size of the others. If slabs with stiffeners are used for the base, then the reinforced frame is used the same as for a strip foundation or grillage.

Bending machine

Grillage reinforcement

Due to the fact that the grillage is similar to a foundation strip, many craftsmen make mistakes in its reinforcement. Tensile loads from the weight of the house are applied to the concrete strip in the area of ​​the base; the upper part of the foundation experiences loads from seasonal heaving of the soil.

The grillage never experiences loads from heaving forces, since it rises above the soil and has an air gap or a layer of expanded polystyrene, which wrinkles when deformed.

Only vertical bending forces are applied to the grillage in areas where the supports are pinched.

Important: In a grillage, the reinforcing frame must be reinforced with longitudinal reinforcement connected with steel clamps. Reinforcement is carried out for the upper columns, piles or pillars, as well as for the lower armored belt.

Grillage reinforcement for piles

The cross-section of the reinforcing frame is of different types:

1. If the formwork is tubular, then the frame can be tied round or square;
2. For a columnar foundation in formwork made from prefabricated panels, round or square clamps are used to tie vertical reinforcement bars;
3. One support must have at least four longitudinal rods.

Pile reinforcement

The bottom of the piles does not need to be reinforced. The head of the pile at a distance of 1 meter from the bottom must be reinforced and filled with concrete. Vertical reinforcement bars are bent at an angle of 900 and then tied to the grillage.

Pile reinforcement

A homemade reinforcing frame is made only using twists of soft knitting wire. Ready-made reinforced frames for floating, slab, pile and column foundations are fastened together using electric welding. It is prohibited to use gas welding, since the reinforcement rods become soft in the heating areas.

Using the above recommendations, you can tie the reinforcement cage or mesh yourself - on the ground or in the formwork. Each type of foundation has its own design differences that affect the thickness of the protective concrete layer, and the most difficult operation during reinforcement is anchoring the corners of the foundation, strengthening areas of tension and compression.

Source: https://betfundament.com/mozhno-li-vyazat-armaturu-plastikovymi-homutami/

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation: features

In order to maintain the shape of the base when pouring the concrete mixture, it is necessary to arrange a high-quality mesh of reinforcement. It is undesirable to cook it, experts say, otherwise the structure of the metal will be damaged. And here it doesn’t matter what kind of building the foundation is being built under, whether it’s a dacha, a bathhouse or a house. In any case, you need high-quality knitting of reinforcement for the foundation with correctly selected material and equipment for the future building.

Preparatory work

Now there are many ways to connect reinforcement. The general plan of action is as follows: a trench is dug out under the foundation, then a layer of mesh made of metal rods is tied outside its limits, then a second one is laid on top of the first. Thus, the finished frame is installed in the prepared place, but it cannot be placed on the bottom of the trench; holders are used for this. You can also tie in the trench itself, but then the reinforcement must be secured.

Classification of metal reinforcement

Rods are made in different sizes and types, but they can also be classified according to other criteria:

• the profile of the rod can be either smooth or ribbed;
• differs in manufacturing technology;
• difference in purpose: there is both a signal and general construction group, and the main foundation or drainage production group;
• According to the conditions of use, the reinforcement can be unstressed or prestressed.

There are other types and characteristics.

Types of mating

Experts mainly use one of three types of knitting:

• welding of elements;
• binding with knitting wire;
• using the method of overlapping rods.

Basic rules of mating

In order to make the correct binding, you need to calculate all the loads from the building on the foundation, study the soil and select the material. To install the shell or prepared mesh, you need to use an overlapping sling. In this case, the allowance for the joints may have different lengths; other factors are important here:

• type of reinforcement bars;
• brand of cement used in the mixture;
• foundation pouring conditions.

The frame, which is installed correctly, can allow 25 cm of overlap. Knitting reinforcement involves choosing a knitting method on site. Sometimes several types of connections can be arranged. Particular influence comes from the type of construction, financing and availability of machinery and other construction equipment. To build the frame, rods with a diameter of 32 mm are usually used. An alternative can be plastic clamps.

Which type is better: knitting wire or plastic clamps?

How to knit reinforcement for the foundation? Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, you need to consider everything. Burnt wire is made from low carbon steel and then fired. It is very convenient in construction and can bend well. There are several colors: black without coating, white, galvanized.

An interesting fact is that experts consider beautiful wire with galvanized processing to be an unnecessary element in construction. So its properties against corrosion are not justified in any way in the foundation, because the entire structure will be filled with concrete, and there will be no air access.

If the purchased wire is not flexible enough, you do not need to change it or take a new one, you just need to light a fire and hold it for 30 minutes, then let it cool and it will become much softer.

What diameter is best to use? The most convenient option is 1.4 mm. The wire should not be too stiff, so 2 will not work, and 1 is very weak for such work. If you don’t have the money, you can make such wire yourself - take old tires from a truck, burn them on a fire and pull out the metal. There is one caveat: new tires are of little use; the filler may be synthetic. Therefore, you need to make a hole with a knife and check if there is metal.

Construction is moving forward, solving more and more problems to make the work of a specialist easier, for example, plastic clamps. They cost a little more, but the properties are not inferior to ordinary wire.

There are questions that concern craftsmen: will they withstand the load from the foundation, how effective are they, how will they behave during frosts? The most popular type at the moment are clamps with a steel core. This system allows the elements to be securely fastened, and the metal adds strength to the connection.

Such clamps can be used for fastening pipes for cables on fences and for installing security systems around the perimeter of the site. These clamps are very easy to use.

There is one important detail - they are afraid of negative temperatures. If plastic is used in the base, all work must occur before the onset of frost.

First way

You need to follow the main steps of work:

1. Take the wire and bend it in half.
2. You need to bend it to make a loop by simply turning it around your finger one third of the way.
3. A hook is threaded through the loop and then placed on the rod.
4. The hook is rotated diagonally and the second edge of the wire is grabbed and pulled towards itself.
5. The tool is removed from the loop and the wire pieces are bent. If they turn out to be long, then they need to be trimmed.

How many times do you need to wrap the wire? You need to tie it all the way, but try not to pull too hard, otherwise the wire may break. On average it will be 3-5 full turns.

Second way

Here, getting started is no different from the first option. First, the wire is bent in half. Then the rod is pressed against it, the edges are bent towards themselves. Then the hook is inserted, scrolled, removed and the ends are also bent. In this connection, the wire is attached more securely and better.

A common mistake made by beginners and experts is that you shouldn’t make a harness that is too long, it doesn’t carry any functional load, it just wastes more time and effort. Three to five turns are usually enough.

Method three

Stages of work:

1. Take a piece of knitting wire and bend it in half.
2. The hook is wound from below and the loop is captured.
3. The edges of the remaining wire are bent over the crochet hook.

Now you need to turn the resulting loop 3-4 times.

Fourth option

According to reviews from craftsmen, this is the most effective and convenient way of tying reinforcement for the foundation. It is worth considering all stages:

1. A loop is made from knitting wire.
2. A hook is inserted into it and you also need to grab the second piece of wire, which is in the second hand.
3. At the same time, the wire is bent down through the hook. You need to pull the hook towards you and scroll 3-4 times.

The most important advantage of this option is that the second hand is always free, it is convenient for it to hold the reinforcement.

Knitting reinforcement using knitting guns

If you decide to use a pistol, then you need to know some nuances. They come in both electric and battery-powered versions. The second option is better due to its mobility - there is no need to conduct electricity to the site. The downside is their cost; it’s best to rent a pistol.

Some people decide to buy a Chinese-made pistol; it is inexpensive and suitable for one building. The main advantage of the gun is that when knitting it has a certain tension force, and the connection is fastened in a matter of seconds.

It makes no difference how to knit the reinforcement for the foundation, the most important thing is that the knitting is done correctly, then the foundation will last a long time and will delight the owner with its strength and durability.

Source: https://profundamenti.ru/armirovanie/vyazka-armatury-dlya-fundamenta-osobennosti.html

How to knit foundation reinforcement correctly

Construction of a house begins with laying the foundation. The main requirement for a concrete foundation is its strength. It is achieved by laying a frame of reinforcement bars tied together inside the concrete. Such a frame is called reinforcing. This article will discuss such an important stage of construction work as tying reinforcement for the foundation.

Methods

It is necessary to first consider what methods of tying reinforcement for the foundation generally exist. They differ from each other by type:

By type of tool - this can be either knitting reinforcement for the foundation manually or using a special tool. For the latter, special crochet hooks, screwdrivers, and special pistols , produced specifically for this operation.

The material used to connect reinforcement bars to each other is:

• tying wire is the most common and reliable technology for tying reinforcement for the foundation, because it is performed with tying a knot.
• paper clips - are wire clamps, which, unlike ligation with knitting wire, are made without tying a knot.
• small clamps made of plastic - this new material has become widespread due to its ease of installation and high knitting speed, and besides, it is not afraid of corrosion. However, such a bundle of reinforcement for the foundation causes a certain skepticism among professionals. Read more here.
• clips - made in the form of latches that fix adjacent rods to each other.
• welded connection - this old method has not become widespread, since the welded connection, due to its fragility, is susceptible to cracking during concrete pouring and does not have the necessary reliability. To perform a high-quality welded joint, you need a highly qualified welder.

Required wire

When choosing wire, the following factors must be considered:

• Manufacturing accuracy class. The accuracy class is determined by the production method. There is a wire of a higher accuracy class, its deviation of the actual size, diameter, from that declared by the manufacturer along the entire length of the wire is less than that of a wire of a lower accuracy class. However, for knitting reinforcement, the accuracy class is not particularly important.
• Wire rolling method. There are two types of rolled products: cold-rolled and hot-rolled. Cold-rolled steel is rolled out from blanks by presses without heating. With the hot rolling method, rolled steel is rolled out in a heated state, which gives greater strength.
• Which group in terms of tensile strength does the wire belong to (there are the first and second groups);
• Degree of corrosion resistance. On this basis, there is only one difference - whether there is a galvanized coating on the wire or not.

The criterion for choosing a wire is very simple, you need a wire that is called “knitting” . It has a full set of necessary characteristics: sufficient softness with the declared strength, abrasion resistance and reliability when fastened.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3wM6DR5MnU

Galvanized wire is considered overkill.
The optimal diameter of the knitting wire is 1.2-1.4 mm. A wire with a diameter of 1.6-2 mm takes a lot of force, as a result of which construction slows down, and the piece is too weak, it will simply burst.

The length of wire recommended for one knitting point is from 30 to 50 cm. The wire itself is extremely cheap - about 50 rubles. for 100 meters. To avoid running out of it at the wrong time due to loss or excessive consumption, it is recommended to buy it with a double supply. 100 rubles for 200 meters is quite inexpensive.

How to bend reinforcement correctly, all the ways

You should choose how to bend the reinforcement for the foundation based on its diameter: with your own hands is quite easy, but for thicker reinforcement you will have to use special devices, homemade or specialized.

Among homemade devices, two methods are common. The first is when an ordinary pipe of suitable diameter is installed vertically and its base is poured with concrete so that it stands firmly.

Welding is also often used. By softening a section of the rod with heat, it becomes easy to bend. The same is done with a blowtorch and a hammer. After heating the bend point with a lamp, bend the reinforcement with a hammer.

The most radical way is to make a cut with a small grinder and then bend it completely using available tools.

Crochet

The design of the hook for these purposes may be different, but this is not so important. The meaning lies in the presence of a hook as such, because it is used to thread the wire. The rules for tying reinforcement for the foundation are shown schematically in the figure.

Pay attention to the sequence of actions:

1. Bend the wire in half;
2. Follow the arrow, as in the figure, bring it into position for threading;
3. Insert the hook into the loop that will now be wound;
4. Place the hook loop inward between the free ends of the wire;
5. Without removing the hook, twist until tightened, but do not pinch;
6. Ready!

For strip foundation

The strip foundation reinforcement has two patterns for laying rods:

• system of 4 rods : two at the base of the foundation, two at the top (used if the width of the foundation does not exceed 50 cm),
• system of 6 rods : an additional longitudinal rod is placed between the two main ones (used in cases where the foundation width is more than 50 cm).

Bent reinforcement is laid at the corners, and the ends should protrude from the corner by at least 40 cm. The reinforcement connection nodes should be located from each other at a distance of no more than 60 bar diameters .
For example, if 12 mm reinforcement is used, then the strapping should be every 72 cm or more often. How to choose reinforcement for a strip foundation?

For columnar

This is a foundation that is placed on pillars that act as piles.
Bound reinforcement for the foundation is placed inside the pillars before pouring. The tying of reinforcement for a columnar foundation is the same as for a strip foundation - either 4 rods, or 6 for large columnar foundations.

For vertical rods in this type of foundation, 12 mm reinforcement is used, since this is a vertical foundation. The cross rods can be thinner and smoother.

For slab

A reinforcement frame for a foundation can take the form of a two-dimensional plane, a mesh formed from reinforcement bars. The second option is volumetric, in the form of two meshes of intersecting reinforcement, located one above the other and connected by transverse rods.

Reinforcement - from 12 mm and above, up to 16 in private housing construction. The mesh cell size is 200x200 mm. The distance from the lower reinforcement belt to the pillow (or insulation) is 50 mm. The top belt is also protected from external influences by a 50 mm layer of concrete.

Cost calculation (price for work and materials)

Let's take as an example a strip foundation 10 by 10 meters. This is the perimeter of the house. In addition, there will be a foundation for internal load-bearing walls - two walls of 10 meters each. It turns out 60 m.p. foundation.

How much reinforcement and tying wire will be required with the right approach?
Let's say the foundation is less than 50 cm wide - it will use a scheme with four longitudinal rods. In this case, in 1 linear meter of the foundation the following will be used:

• 4 longitudinal rods. That means at 60 mp. will be 240 meters.
• 4 vertical. With a foundation height of, say, 50 cm, their height will be no more than 45 cm. 4 x 45 cm = 1.8 m. In 60 meters of the foundation - 108 m.
• 4 transverse. With a foundation width of 45 cm, the width of the transverse ones will not exceed 35 cm. 4 x 35 cm = 1.40 m. In 60 meters of the foundation - 84 m.

How much is it?

Now let's calculate the required amount of wire. 4 ties for a 4-bar foundation per 1 m.p. This, based on a maximum consumption of 50 cm per tie, is 2 meters of wire per meter of structure. We have 60 meters, so we need 120 meters of wire.

Source: https://notperfect.ru/stati/kak-pravilno-vjazat-armaturu-dlja-fundamenta.html

Clamps from and for fittings

When constructing building structures made of reinforced concrete, the key point is to create a design metal frame and hold its structure during pouring. If the purpose of working reinforcement bars does not raise questions, then the tasks of the auxiliary frame elements require clarification.

This article discusses various elements of reinforcement cages. This includes rebar clamps, which are usually made from steel rods. Another class of clamps is plastic clamps, which are more often used when working with plastic fittings. Next, we will consider all these and other elements in more detail.

Supporting elements of reinforced concrete structures

Even in the construction of low-rise buildings, and even more so in the construction of high-rise buildings, reinforced concrete is used. From it pour the most important piping structures, which give strength to the entire structure:

• foundation;
• basement walls;
• roof covering;
• slabs;
• columns;
• beams.

The pouring of these monolithic structures is divided into stages and, before the liquid solution fills the prepared form, it is necessary to assemble a reinforcing metal frame.

It will give the future structure the necessary strength and prevent cracking, reducing the amount of concrete consumed and the weight of the entire structure. It is based on steel rods (working reinforcement), which can withstand tensile forces well.

Their function is to deprive concrete of its weak point - after all, it withstands compression well, and when stretched, it cracks easily.

The assembly of a frame from reinforcement is carried out with the help of auxiliary metal parts, which perform their functions during the construction, pouring and operation of the structure. They play an important role along with the main elements, and if they are absent or installed incorrectly, all engineering calculations will be incorrect, which can lead to dire consequences. These include:

• clamps for reinforcement cages;
• tightening pins;
• supporting frames;
• fixing elements (knitting wire, plastic clamps, shaped clamps, etc.);

What are rebar clamps

Reinforcement clamps are transverse tension elements of the reinforcement frame. Primarily, reinforcement clamps are used in rod structures. In the slabs, a steel mesh acts as a transverse tie.

Rebar clamps perform several important functions:

• resistance to lateral loads (deflection, torsion);
• prevention of diagonal cracking;
• creating support for working reinforcement when assembling the frame;
• keeping load-bearing rods from deformation and displacement during pouring.

Typically, steel rods with a smooth surface, less often corrugated, are used for their manufacture. If they are made from corrugated welded reinforcement, then the ends of the clamps are not bent, but tied - the grade of such steel is quite soft, and it requires additional fixation. When using smooth iron, the ends of the products are made in the form of holding hooks.

The shape of the clamp follows the contour of the reinforced concrete structure being manufactured in cross-section, but the perimeter of the metal frame is slightly reduced so that the concrete covers it with a protective layer that protects it from corrosion or possible fire.

Depending on the type of main load, clamps are manufactured in three varieties:

• open (pawns);
• closed (frames);
• torsion (reinforced)

The first type (pawns) are used in middle beams, where bending load predominates. They are also used to strengthen the most loaded parts of the foundation, slabs and floors. They additionally reinforce corners, places where doors and windows are installed.

Open clamp made of reinforcement.

Closed frames can withstand multidirectional lateral loads and are the most common type of these products. It can be found in columns, sills, and beams. The short ends are enough to bend around the corner rod into a lock;

Closed clamp made of reinforcement (frame).

Finally, the third type is designed for torsional loads that appear in foundations and beams when two different floors rest on them or the beam is the outermost one. This phenomenon often occurs when rafters try to push the walls of a building apart. The advantage of this type of product is that it imparts additional seismic resistance to structures. Such a clamp has elongated ends of 30 diameters and ensures that it maintains a closed contour.

Reinforced clamp made of reinforcement.

The diameter of the rods that go into the manufacture of all three types of products is calculated using special construction formulas. Also, the installation step of the frames and their type are assessed. However, they have minimum acceptable dimensions and are limited to a diameter of 6 mm and a side length of 150 mm, with the expectation that the entire structure will cover them with a layer of concrete and will itself be equal to 200 mm. Concrete buildings from 150 mm or less are not reinforced with frames; they use a flat interlacing of cores.

The maximum spacing of elements should not exceed 30 mm, however, it must be taken into account that their uniform arrangement is not always desirable. For example, at the bottom of the columns, the weight of the column itself will be added to the weight of the floor. Therefore, transverse reinforcement needs to be installed there more often.

Fixing the clamps on the longitudinal rods is done using annealed steel wire with a diameter of 1.2-1.4 mm. A piece of wire with a length of 150 mm or more is folded in half and twisted using a crank, but its tension must be controlled so that it does not break.

A special battery gun significantly speeds up mating and improves its quality.

Sometimes, fastening is performed by welding, but this method is undesirable, since when heated, the metal loses its properties and becomes soft and susceptible to corrosion. In addition, only corrugated reinforcement can be welded using C400 (A3) steel. Welding is often prohibited by the work permit.

The longitudinal rods should be located only inside the clamp, and its folded ends must be hidden inside the future structure. Here they will serve for additional strengthening and will be protected from corrosion. The ends themselves must form a lock - the strength of the entire structure depends on the quality of its adhesion. Therefore, they are tightly bent around the rods or tied with wire along corrugated steel.

When tying, the locks of adjacent clamps are rotated 180 or 90 degrees so that the weak point is staggered along the entire length of the structure.

Tension pins

Auxiliary elements well support the structure of the reinforced belt before pouring, and after the concrete hardens, they begin to work in it as transverse reinforcement - metal and concrete cling to each other and are protected from deformation and destruction.

However, during the process of pouring the liquid mixture, the clamps may separate in the lock under the influence of the weight of the solution itself. Then, the steel elements are deformed and shifted to the outer edges of the structure, where they quickly rust and create the preconditions for total destruction.

To prevent the bursting force that acts in massive concrete buildings, studs are installed inside the reinforcing mesh. This is a metal element that tightens the longitudinal reinforcement and works together with a clamp or independently. The studs are made from smooth steel rods, since corrugated iron can bend during pouring. In this case, the ends of the products should be well bent in the form of hooks or loops

Their shape is made in the form of brackets similar to the letters C or S. They are fixed by two opposite or diagonal rods. If the pins are made in the shape of the letter L (frogs), then the grip is made by clamping the rods in the form of a triangle. In any case, they should be placed in a checkerboard pattern for uniform screeding.

These tightening elements are installed in three cases (see pictures below):

• in columns and foundation strips, with the size of one of the sides of the structure exceeding 500 mm;

• in beams, if its height exceeds 600 mm;

• in slabs, for connecting the upper and lower transverse meshes.

Support frames

When pouring concrete slabs, it is very important that the metal frame in it forms a flat plane. It must be covered with a calculated layer of concrete and not be excessively recessed or bulging towards the edge. To do this, you need not only to install the formwork well and level the liquid mortar, but also to correctly position the reinforcing mesh.

If the studs pull together the opposite planes for pouring, then there must also be expansion elements that will prevent the rods from bending inside the slab. Such elements are called supporting frames. They do not allow the rods to bend under their own weight, from the actions of the rammer or the tightening forces of the pins.

Supporting frames come in two forms:

• bent “frogs”, which are used for slab thicknesses up to 200 mm;

• welded frames if the slab thickness exceeds 200 mm.

In low-rise construction, “frogs” are mainly used. They are bent from a smooth rod with a diameter of 8 to 10 mm. The step of their installation in the slab is 600 mm and is done in a checkerboard pattern.

The height of these elements must be strictly verified in order to correctly regulate the depth of immersion of the reinforcement into the concrete. The lower bends should be of such length that they can rest on four longitudinal rods or intertwine with them.

The installation of all supporting elements must be carried out uniformly and in accordance with the design.

Welded frames are made from welded corrugated reinforcement and their dimensions and installation pitch depend on the thickness of the slab. Typically, they are used in massive slabs, which are used in the construction of high-rise buildings.

Independent production of auxiliary elements

All of the above structural elements can be purchased on the construction market. They have design parameters and dimensions that correspond to the dimensions of the future reinforced concrete structure. For the purposes of private house construction, these simple devices can be made. This solution has its pros and cons.

Advantages:

• great savings in funds spent on the purchase of finished products;
• the possibility of additional production of elements, in case of their shortage or in case of new changes in the design;
• precise adjustment of sizes, bends and shapes to specific conditions.

Flaws:

• time spent on independent production, which increases the completion time of construction, especially with a large number of elements;
• deviations from norms and standards that can lead to catastrophic consequences.

Many builders resort to making these products themselves, but I would like to make a few comments on the most common mistakes:

1. Most auxiliary elements must be made from a round rod, but this requirement is often violated. Corrugated reinforcement is cheaper, and besides, it bends easier. Therefore, many use it as the main material. This flaw can be mitigated by reducing the installation step;
2. Manually, it is very problematic to bend steel rods whose diameter exceeds 10 mm. It is strictly forbidden to heat them to facilitate the production process, since the released iron loses its positive qualities;
3. In order for the parts to be identical, it is necessary to make primitive devices for their manufacture with visible marks to maintain bending angles and sizes. You can’t do everything approximately (“by eye”).

To perform quality work you need:

• fix two holding fixed stops (pins) at a distance equal to the diameter of the bent rod. So, if you need to bend the reinforcement 8 mm, then there should be 9 mm between the clamps;
• provide adjustability to the clamps, then you can work with different diameters of steel rods;
• It is easier to apply mechanical force if you use a lever. For this, a steel tube placed on a rod or an iron angle, which is fixed in the form of a rotating arm, is suitable;

It is necessary that the lever presses on the deformable reinforcement as close as possible to the bending point, then the degree value of the angle will be correct.

There are various hand held rod bending tools available on the market. They are suitable for those who deal with this work regularly.

Source: https://dompodrobno.ru/homuty-is-i-dlya-armatury/

Is it possible to tie reinforcement with plastic clamps? — Metals, equipment, instructions

Construction symbiosis. It seems like a concept from biology. Animals and plants enter into symbiosis, that is, mutually beneficial cooperation. One, for example, can serve as a home for another, receiving useful substances or protection from viruses from the “tenant”.

What is the construction symbiosis? Let's look at the example of reinforcement and concrete. Steel rods give rigidity to the latter, saving it from destruction. Concrete saves the reinforcement from oxidation and rust, protecting it from the harmful effects of the atmosphere and moisture on the metal.

For symbiosis to work, you need to learn how to knit reinforcement correctly . Without preliminary coupling of its rods, the foundation, walls, and interfloor ceilings cannot be poured. Why? More on this and more below.

Why knit reinforcement

You can understand why to knit reinforcement by knowing the diagram for pouring reinforced concrete structures. First, the metal frame is installed. However, there are also composite reinforcement. The latter is lighter in weight and is rolled into coils.

The first is unbending and heavy. But the principle of operation of classic and modern frames is the same. A kind of network is made from rods in the center of the foundation, wall, concrete slab. The reinforcement should remain in the center.

By moving to the edges of the fill, the frame will redistribute the loads in the final structure and become vulnerable. Close to the concrete surface, water vapor can reach the reinforcement, causing corrosion of the metal. That is why the rods are tied together so that the base does not “float” under the concrete mixture being poured.

The question of how to knit reinforcement for a foundation is a popular one, since laying rods in the foundation is always required. A metal network is needed even under a private house, not to mention multi-apartment high-rises.

Under the latter, it is customary to pour monolithic foundations, that is, solid slabs. For private houses, a strip foundation is often sufficient. How to knit reinforcement for both? Same. There are several ways:

Classic reinforcement knitting

We take steel wire with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters. The exact diameter depends on the width of the reinforcement bars. It ranges from 6 millimeters to 8 centimeters. The degree of strength that the metal will impart to the concrete pour depends on the diameter.

Classic crochet reinforcement

However, this strength is also related to the quality, as well as the type of knitting. In addition to manual connection of reinforcement, there is the option of welding. The latter is rarely resorted to, since the docking turns out to be rigid.

The frame has no gaps for a step “right” or “left”. Such movements are necessary when there are critical loads on the foundation. Where welded joints break, knitted ones will only stretch, maintaining the integrity of the structure.

The main load in the foundation is carried by the longitudinal reinforcement bars. Transverse – their support. Connect the corners of the frame and the intersection of the rods. Usually, the fastening wire is worked with pliers. They twist the ends of the harness, securely fixing it. The shape of the fastening is a single loop.

Knitting reinforcement with a hook and a screwdriver

Crocheting reinforcement does not imply an openwork net, as some ladies might think. The hook for the foundation frame is not so much a knitting needle as it is a pair of wire cutters that remove unnecessary ends of the wire.

Tying reinforcement using a screwdriver

Before this, the fastener is picked up and twisted into a bundle. A hook also helps to secure the loop. He picks up the wire. All that remains is to make rotational movements.

They are made manually or using a screwdriver. The latter speeds up the knitting process by about 5 seconds on each loop. For the method to work, the ends of the wire are inserted into the screwdriver chuck and turned on.

A rebar gun is a battery-powered electrical device. The device speeds up and partially automates knitting. One knot with a gun takes 1.5-3 seconds, as opposed to at least 10 with other methods of connecting rods.

Knitting reinforcement with a gun

A microchip in the gun regulates the tension of the wire during tying. Convenient, because with manual connection it is rarely possible to make identical nodes. One may be tight and the other flimsy. The wire for tying in the gun is wound on a drum. The part is removable. This saves working time. A new drum immediately takes the place of the old one.

You have to pay for the convenience of working with a pistol. The device is expensive. Therefore, a reinforcing gun is used, as a rule, on large construction sites that need to be completed in a short time. In private housing construction, they prefer hooks and pliers.

A staple is a piece of wire. It is already folded into a loop. All that remains is to tighten it. As a result, the process of knitting a joint is accelerated by 3-4 times. Minimal skill is required to work with staples, and a beginner masters the process in just a couple of hours.

Tying reinforcement with staples

When purchasing wire in coils, you have to take into account the footage and split it into the approximate length of one fastener. In general, if you plan to knit reinforcement with your own hands , staples are a convenient and affordable option. The price tag for blanks is slightly higher than for regular wire. But the time saved on mating covers the costs.

http://zastpoyka.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Knitting-reinforcement.mp4

Clamps are plastic “straps”. They have something like plaques on them. The end of the belt is inserted into the plaque and tightened. Fastening is not as reliable as wire fastening, but it is sufficient for fastening rods in the foundation of a private house.

Tying reinforcement with plastic clamps

In addition, plastic has advantages over steel reinforcement. The polymer does not rot, even if it comes into contact with water. In addition, working with clamps is simple and non-traumatic. With wire, you can still get hurt and scratched.

An additional advantage of clamps is self-sufficiency. No additional tools are needed to work with plastic belts. The only problem is that in sub-zero temperatures it is difficult to use polymer fasteners. Plastic hardens in the cold. The connections are poor. But you can work with wire in any weather.

Most often people think about clamps when deciding how to knit fiberglass reinforcement for the foundation . The design is 100% polymer, excluding the weaknesses of metal in terms of intolerance to atmospheric phenomena and moisture. However, there are also complex clamps.

A thin wire is implanted into these. Plastic protects it and makes it easier to work with. But clamps, even ordinary ones, are about 3 times more expensive than wire for the same number of fasteners.

The tying methods already described provide sufficient fixation of the reinforcement rods laid in the foundation pit. However, if the frame needs to be made separately and then moved to the main place, it will fold. Welding provides rigid fixation, but its disadvantages have already been discussed.

It is advisable to leave minimal play in the rods. Double knitting comes to the rescue. It requires hard training and involves simultaneously tightening steel rods on both sides. The scheme is difficult to explain in words. It's easier to watch a training video. It should have 5 steps. Exactly as much in double knitting.

There is also a scheme for connecting two spatial frames into one volumetric one. It already consists of 6 steps. Having mastered them, you can prepare reinforcement in advance while the foundation pit and formwork are being prepared. Then all that remains is to move the frame.

How to knit corners of foundation reinforcement

Knitting the corners is a separate issue, since they account for the lion's share of the load. In addition, angles are right, acute and obtuse. The acceptable method of knitting depends on the configuration. Blunt connections are made rigid, overlapping.

Correct knitting of foundation corners

It is produced by bending one of the free ends of the reinforcement. Afterwards, the inner horizontal rod is attached to the same outer one. An internal horizontal rod is attached to the resulting bundle.

Fasten with a paw. Its length is equal to 35-50 diameters of the longitudinal reinforcement. As for the step between the corner transverse rods and the vertical ones, it is equal to 3/8 of the height of the foundation.

The corners of the joints in the foundation are secured with U- or L-shaped clamps. 90-degree joints of reinforcement bars are usually fixed with L-shaped anchor elements. Almost always the process consists of 5-6 steps. To master them means to provide the house with a bright, that is, strong future.

Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/mozhno-li-vyazat-armaturu-plastikovymi-homutami/

How to knit reinforcement correctly

Tying steel reinforcement is the main stage in creating a reinforcement cage. Through elm, a reinforced structure is created, which, when used, gives the concrete greater strength in both compression and expansion. If you connect the rods inappropriately, you risk not getting the required strength.

This article is intended for those who are going to knit reinforcement on their own, but do not know how to do it correctly, what tool to use for this, and what you need to know to avoid mistakes that can lead to negative consequences.

Methods of knitting reinforcement

Each method is used based on the type of construction and project requirements.

• Knitting with wire;
• Knitting using a welding machine;
• Knitting using plastic clamps.

Necessary tools for tying reinforcement

You need to understand that without the use of tools, knitting will be quite difficult. There are many different tools on the market that will not only simplify the task, but also speed up the process.

So, you will need some of the tools below:

• Hand hook;
• Knitting gun;
• Screwdriver;
• Ticks.

Simple knot

1. Take a wire 15-20 cm long and bend it in half to connect the rods together;
2. Bend the wire again to create a hook;
3. Slide the wire under the reinforcement you want to tie;
4. Insert the hook into the resulting loop and hook the free end of the wire;
5. Pull the hook towards you and twist until it comes off completely.

"Dead" node

This unit is mainly used for beams and columns, because it reliably fixes the reinforcement into the corner of the clamp.

1. Take a wire 20-40 cm long (depending on the diameter of the rods) and bend it in half;
2. Run the wire, loop forward, under the bottom of the reinforcement to the left of the clamp, leaving 2-4 cm to complete the knot;
3. Place the wire on top of the clamp and bend it again under the bottom of the reinforcement;
4. Insert the hook into the loop and hook the free end of the wire;
5. Pull the hook towards you and at the same time make several turns until the wire is completely clamped;
6. Tear off the loop.

Press the wire as close as possible to the reinforcement and the corner of the clamp to secure the reinforcement as securely as possible. If the clamp is a little wobbly, then you can either retie the knot or add a simple knot over the “dead” knot.

When reinforcing complex structures, combine nodes. First, a “dead” knot is performed, and then two simple ones are performed on top of it - cross to cross.

Using a rebar tying gun

If you understand that you will knit reinforcement more than once, then we advise you to purchase a special gun. Yes, it is not cheap, but on the other hand, it can save a lot of time. In addition, this particular device will allow you to knit the reinforcement as efficiently as possible. The only thing is that using a gun for tying reinforcement it is impossible to tie rods of large diameter and correct the work done.

Using a screwdriver with a hook

Everything is simple here: you insert a hook into the screwdriver. In principle, it works the same way as a rebar gun. All you need to do is adjust the screwdriver so that the wire does not break at maximum tension.

Using pliers

The tool allows you to save wire, since there is no need to make loops.

Knitting with wire

Advantages:

• Speed ​​of execution. The easiest way, which, however, requires some skill, if knitting is done by hand.
• Ease of troubleshooting. To remove the wire, you just need to “arm yourself” with wire cutters or a special hook.
• Wire knitting does not require any professional skills.
• Knitting can be done directly in the formwork.
• Low cost of material and, accordingly, work.

Flaws:

• Low strength, or rather, instability of the structure during movement into the formwork.
• In places of knitting, the tension bends, and, consequently, the frame begins to “walk”.

When pouring a strip foundation, it is recommended to tie the reinforcement directly in the formwork.

Knitting by welding

As a rule, it is used for foundations for multi-storey buildings and large cottages. Previously, it was considered the most reliable method, but over time it became clear that the method is not always appropriate, since the weakest point of the structure is precisely the welding points. Thus, almost all professionals switched to tying reinforcement using wire or clamps.

Knitting with plastic clamps

Advantages:

• You will not need special professional skills;
• Reliable fixation of fittings.

Flaws:

• Expensive. With a large area of ​​reinforcement, the use of wire will be more economical.
• Low speed.
• Inability to correct incorrect dressing. You will have to cut the clamp and use a new one.
• Unreliability. It is better not to walk on the reinforcement connected with clamps.
• Brittle at low temperatures, as the plastic begins to burst.

So, tying steel reinforcement is a rather scrupulous and serious process. As mentioned above, different knitting methods are suitable for different types of structures, so first of all, you need to consult with a specialist to calculate everything correctly.

Source: https://armatura-tut.by/stati/kak-pravilno-vyazat-armaturu/

Methods for tying reinforcement for foundations

A strong and high-quality reinforcing mesh is needed to maintain the spatial shape of the foundation when it is poured. Therefore, you cannot cook it - otherwise, as experts explain, “the iron crystal is damaged.” And it doesn’t matter whether a large building or a compact bathhouse is being built, only tying reinforcement for the foundation is possible, and of high quality and with the right material.

But today there are quite a lot of ways to knit reinforcement. But, in general, most often it looks like this: the network is knitted in sections outside the trench, and then these sections are simply tied to each other. You can, of course, knit at the bottom of the trench, but for this the reinforcement must be secured in advance. After all, the main thing is that it does not sink to the bottom of the trench - and for this, experienced builders use special holders (sold on the market).

 What to knit with? Tie wire VS plastic clamps

What is better for tying reinforcement: regular wire or fashionable plastic clamps? Let's figure it out together.

Steel wire: where to get it and how to make it yourself

Foundation binding wire is made from annealed low carbon steel. It is soft to bend and easy to use. The color is white - galvanized - and black, without any coating. By the way, interestingly, many craftsmen consider beautiful galvanized wire to be used for a foundation as a real excess - after all, there is no access to oxygen in concrete, and therefore there can be no corrosion.

Expert advice: if you suddenly bought a knitting wire in a store, but it doesn’t bend well, you don’t have to return it - just warm it up in a fire for half an hour and then cool it in the air.

What diameter should I use for wire? Experienced builders say that the most convenient and durable option is 1.2-1.4 mm. A two takes a lot of effort, but a one is too weak.

Here's how you can get hold of tying wire for a foundation. We take an old truck tire and burn it. This tire contains metal cord - it is this that is used in the new quality. The only point: tires from imported trucks may contain synthetics instead of metal. This is easy to check: use a knife to cut through the inner side, the one adjacent to the rim. Did the knife hit the metal? So, the wire will work. Didn't resist? Then the tire will simply burn in the fire, and that’s it.

Plastic clamps: pros and cons

Most builders look at the recently introduced plastic clamps with some apprehension - will they then withstand the load in the foundation? Won't they break? How reliable are they really?

And the advantages of this material, of course, are pleasing: the simplicity and speed of tying, the cost is not much more expensive than tying wire.

And the most popular in this regard today are plastic clamps with a heart made of steel wire. They are used for attaching pipes for cables to fences, and when installing perimeter security systems. They are more expensive, but they are especially convenient to use.

Another point that not everyone knows about: the foundation tied with plastic clamps cannot be left in the winter. From frost they immediately become brittle and burst.

How to knit? 4 most popular ways

A simple simple hook for tying reinforcement can be made from wire 3-4 mm in diameter - for example, from an electrode for electric arc welding. Of course, they won’t be able to knit quickly, but it’s quite tolerable. But let’s share this trick: make a nail attachment for a screwdriver - in the shape of a hook, like on a clothes hanger, and use it to tie around the reinforcement. This way everything will work out twice as fast, and your hands will get tired much less.

And the essence of the technology, how to properly knit foundation reinforcement, is simple. We place two rows of wire pendicularly.

Next, we use a homemade machine, where the reinforcement is clamped with boards and we knit it manually, or we use a gun for tying reinforcement, which can be purchased at a construction supermarket.

The main thing is that the rods do not sink to the bottom of the foundation, and to do this we either lay a brick or stick the ends of the mesh directly into the soil. Next, there are differences in how and where to bend the wire itself. Choose the method with which tying reinforcement will be more convenient for you!

Method No. 1

Here's how to knit foundation wire by hand:

• Step 1. Take the wire in your hands and fold it in half.
• Step 2. Bend around your finger about one-third of the way through the loop.
• Step 3. Now we put it on the reinforcement and insert the hook into the loop.
• Step 4. Turn the hook and grab the second end of the wire with it, pull the other end of the wire toward you.
• Step 5. Take out the hook and bend the ends. If they turn out to be long, cut them off.

How many revolutions will need to be made will be determined practically. If there is too little, the harness will be weak; if too much, the wire will break. Usually - from three to five turns.

How to knit reinforcement. Option 1

Method No. 2

Work order:

• Step 1. In this version, the wire is also folded in half.
• Step 2. Press it with your fingers to the rod and bend the ends towards you.
• Step 3. Insert the hook, twist, remove and bend the ends.

Here the wire holds much better and more reliably.

Expert advice: the most common mistake when tying reinforcement is long twists. To prevent this from happening, you just need to bend the wire before rotating the hook - so that it has time to make 3-4 turns.

 Method No. 3

Work order:

• Step 1. Take a piece of wire and fold it in half.
• Step 2. Start from below.
• Step 3. Grab the loop with the hook.
• Step 4. Bend the remaining “tail” over the hook.
• Step 5. Twist the resulting loop.

How to knit reinforcement. Option 3.

Method No. 4

• But, according to reviews, the most convenient way to knit wire on reinforcement with your own hands:
• Step 1. Insert the hook into the loop and grab the other end with it - the one that you hold with your hand.
• Step 2. At the same time, bend the wire down through the hook.
• Step 3. Pull the hook towards you and twist it several times. That's all!

This method has a fairly significant advantage - the left hand remains free and you can use it to hold the reinforcement, which is very convenient.

We knit reinforcement with special guns

And they come in a wide variety - electric and battery-powered, from a variety of manufacturers. The Japanese were the first to come up with such a miracle of technology - thanks to their device, the wire on one node is twisted within a second and strictly within a certain tension force: not weakly, but not so much that it breaks.

How to knit reinforcement

There's just one problem: these pistols are very expensive. And here Russian craftsmen get out of the situation as best they can: someone buys and then resells a pistol, someone prefers a cheap Chinese counterfeit (enough for one foundation), and someone is looking for an opportunity to rent such a pistol - and In fact, such a possibility exists.

But it doesn’t matter which method or tool you choose - the main thing is that the reinforcement is connected conscientiously. Then the foundation under the bathhouse will delight you for many years with its strength and the absence of any cracks.

Source: https://stroy-bloks.ru/sposoby-vyazki-armatury-dlya-fundamenta/