What is the diameter of the wire for tying reinforcement

Knitting wire - what it is, where it is used, characteristics, main types

In the construction of monolithic and other structures, a variety of materials are used, including knitting wire. In addition, it can be useful to sculptors at the stage of creating the basis for the frame of a future composition. Where welding or fastening hardware cannot be used, you simply cannot do without it.

What is tying wire?

We are talking about a product obtained from wire rod - a billet of low-carbon steel. Knitting wire is a reliable and elastic fastening element that bends easily and locks into the desired position.

Supplied in large coils and used in the assembly of foundation frames, floors, and floor screeds. Unlike welding, which degrades the quality of the metal in the heating zone, connecting reinforcement with wire does not have this disadvantage.

It is resistant to deformation and bending loads, does not corrode, which has a positive effect on strength.

Where is tying wire used?

The main area of ​​application is construction, which involves connecting metal products into a durable and wear-resistant frame, but wire for tying reinforcement is also used in other areas:

1. Production of steel ropes.
2. Production of masonry nets, barbed wire, chain-link.
3. Installation and packaging of goods.
4. Securing cargo during transportation.

Characteristics of tying wire

This material is manufactured with a cross-sectional diameter from 0.5 to 6 mm. Stainless steel knitting wire can be galvanized. Then its thickness increases to 10 mm. To increase strength and elasticity, the product is subjected to heat treatment. When choosing a material that has not been fired, it is necessary to take into account the tensile strength (N/mm²) and cross-sectional area:

• 10 mm – 390-690;
• 8 mm – 390-780;
• 4.5–5 mm – 390-830;
• 3.2–4.5 mm – 440-930;
• 2.5–3.2 mm – 540-1080;
• 1–2.5 mm – 590-1270;
• less than 1 mm – 690-1370.

Types of knitting wire

This material differs in:

1. The presence or absence of a protective coating . Galvanized binding wire is kept in baths of molten zinc, due to which it becomes less susceptible to corrosion, which is very important when used in places exposed to aggressive external environments.
2. Heat treatment . There are untreated and annealed tows. Annealed knitting wire is marked with the letter “O”. Elevated temperature changes the very structure of the material, reducing the internal stress of the steel and thereby increasing elasticity and mechanical strength. In this case, annealing can be dark or light. The first endows the material with scale.
3. Strength class . It is determined by the type of alloys used in manufacturing. Knitting wire V-1 is made from low-carbon steel, but the high-strength analogue V-2 has an increased number of alloying components. A regular cord is used to connect non-tensioned frames, but a strong cord is used to tie the prestressed reinforcement.

This material can be purchased in a skein or in a reel. The first weighs from 15 to 250 kg and consists of one piece of wire. The second has a mass from 500 to 1500 kg. There are no more than three segments in it. Recently, steel knitting wire with rings has become very popular. This building material has the form of a reel, consisting of 1–5 thousand sections 8, 10, 12 or 14 cm long. The ends of each are crowned with rings, which facilitate the work of installers and significantly speed up it.

The criteria for selecting a harness are as follows:

1. Construction technology . Where the use of welding is not strictly specified, tie wire is used to bind the reinforcement elements.
2. Terms of Use . If the material will be influenced by an aggressive environment, then it is better to choose the galvanized variety.
3. Reinforcement diameter . The wire for a knitting gun should be thicker, the more massive the structural elements undergoing adhesion.
4. Price . Galvanized material is more expensive than usual. Another alternative is copper-nickel alloy wire, but its use is justified only in luxury construction.

Tie wire thickness

This is a very important parameter on which the strength and reliability of the entire building depends. The most popular reinforcement sizes today are 8-12 mm. To knit it, wire with a diameter of 1.2-1.4 mm is used. If a material of a smaller cross-section is used, there is a high risk of its rupture. Black knitting wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm and above will not allow you to tighten the knot so that it does not come apart and remains strong.

Hook for tying wire

Installers do not work with the material with their bare hands; they have a special tool for tying wire. It can also be different:

1. Hook . On sale you can find a variety of options for this device, ranging from the simplest to semi-automatic analogues.
2. Gun . This is a modern tool that allows you to fully automate the knitting process. One press of a button and the connection is complete. However, not every builder can afford to buy it.

Knitting wire consumption

It is determined by the amount of reinforcement used and the reinforcement scheme. The consumption rate of tying wire is calculated based on the number of knots performed in cross locations. If you find out their number and multiply by 0.5, you can get the approximate footage of the bundle. Experts advise multiplying it by two and purchasing twice as much material as necessary. The thing is that during installation, half of the fasteners break or are tightened incorrectly, so it is better to take them with a reserve.

How to knit reinforcement with wire?

There are several ways to connect metal structural elements. The most popular method is:

1. Fold the wire in half and circle it around the joint.
2. Grab the resulting loop with your hook.
3. Fold the loose ends to it.
4. Perform a twist.
5. The tie wire for the reinforcement should be evenly, but not excessively, tightened.

How to replace tie wire?

This material is specifically designed for connecting elements of metal structures, so it is better not to experiment, especially since the reliability and durability of the entire building as a whole depends on it.

Plastic wire for reinforcement simply will not withstand the pressure of the stream when pouring concrete and will disperse. Some craftsmen use tires with metal cords, previously burned at the stake, as a harness.

This method can only be considered as the most extreme option, because burning rubber emits black acrid smoke.

Source: https://womanadvice.ru/vyazalnaya-provoloka-chto-eto-takoe-gde-ispolzuetsya-harakteristiki-osnovnye-vidy

Do-it-yourself devices and methods for tying reinforcement

Tying reinforcement for the foundation is an important stage in the construction of a building. How long the structure will stand depends on the quality and strength of the frame. Therefore, you need to pay maximum attention to this process, as well as purchase high-quality components.

Mating is a lengthy task, although not very difficult. Especially a lot of time will be spent on the reinforcing belt of the slab foundation. There, the number of intersection points is in the hundreds or even thousands. And each such intersection requires fixation, which means it needs to be knitted.

And often twice.

Things will go faster when installing a strip or pile foundation. In this case, when building a bathhouse, you can get by with several hundred tying points, although it all depends on the size of the building and its layout.

You can, of course, hire a crew, but they will ask for a considerable amount. Knitting the foundation yourself will save you a lot of money.

Now about where to knit. There are two options - immediately on site on the foundation. In the case of a slab foundation, this is probably the only possible way: the volumes are too large. For a strip or pile frame, you can tie a frame on a site, table, special stand, etc., and then install it in a trench or pile.

Wire for knitting

To connect rods in low-rise construction, annealed low-carbon steel wire is used. It is also called “knitting” wire. Its quality and parameters are regulated: all characteristics must comply with GOST 3282-74.

For low-rise construction, wire with a diameter of 1.0 -1.4 mm is needed. Experts believe that the best option is 1.2 mm or 1.4 mm. The millimeter one is too weak and often breaks; the larger diameter one is difficult to rotate.

Regular annealed wire is dark in color. There is also a light one - it is galvanized. The protective coating greatly increases corrosion resistance without affecting flexibility and elasticity. It costs more, but the reliability of the binding, together with the quality of the reinforcement and concrete, determines the reliability of the entire foundation. So this is a case where you need to take the best.

Wire for tying reinforcement can be sold in coils or already cut

Unannealed wire is produced. It costs less, but its ductility and strength are lower, and it breaks more often. So it’s better to take one that has undergone heat treatment.

One connection requires from 25 to 50 cm of wire. Having cut a piece of a given length, it is folded in half and used in this form. The larger the diameter of the rod, the longer the piece of wire needed for knitting. For reinforcement 10 mm is 25 cm, for 12 mm 30 cm is enough, for 14 mm 35-40 mm is required.

Longer sections are needed in those places where three rods have to be connected. And there are many such places. Here you will need 50 cm sections.

They sell wire in coils, or already cut into pieces of a certain length. Sliced ​​packages can be of different weights - from 0.5 kg to 10 kg and more.

Devices for tying reinforcement

How easy and fast the knitting will be depends on the tool you use. You can twist the reinforcement by hand, but it is difficult and time-consuming. There are various devices for this. Simple and more complex.

Hooks

The most widely used are various hooks. There are quite a few of them in stores; they are made independently from any piece of wire of a suitable diameter.

Hooks for tying reinforcement have different lengths, handles and shapes

There are simple ones, with straight or curved steel handles. They differ in the angle of bend of the handle, the shape of the hook, and its size. How to decide which is more convenient? Just try to work. No other way.

There are mechanical hooks - they have a spiral built into the handle. There is no need to rotate them when knitting. Just pull up. The handle slides along the screw groove, turning the hook. Watch the video to see how it works.

Ticks

There is a special tool in which pliers and a mechanical hook are connected. Thicker single wire can be used for knitting with them. It is placed under the intersection of the reinforcement bars and inserted into the pliers. They are clamped in the clamp, the excess wire is bitten off. The next step is to pull the handle a few times. The pliers begin to rotate, tightening the knot. Such a device costs $40-60. How much you need it - decide for yourself.

Mechanical handle pliers

There are other ticks. Also special for knitting, but they are rotated by hand. You don’t need a lot of turns here - the pliers allow you to grab the wire close to the reinforcement and only make one or two turns.

They differ from ordinary ones in the shape of the cutting part - they must hold the wire. Professional knitters on construction sites work using just such a tool. They say that with pliers, tying goes twice as fast as with a hook and a gun. There are two more advantages:

• No need to cut the wire. It is wound into small skeins, which are held in the left hand.
• There is no overspending: “tails” of a few millimeters remain. For large volumes this is important.

When knitting a reinforcing belt, special pliers are used. They have a different shape of sponges: they hold the wire

Believe it or not - it's up to you. But it looks amazing.

Gun

Devices for automating knitting are available for sale. These are the so-called knitting guns. They are “charged” by wire and run on batteries. All human involvement consists of bringing the gun to the joint and pressing the trigger guard. A second or two, and the gun will wind several turns around the intersection of the bars and make a knot.

Buying such a gun to tie one foundation is an unjustified waste of money. They are rarely purchased even by those who do this professionally. Their cost is considerable: no less than $500.

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation

Procedure for crocheting reinforcement

Since a hook is most often used when tying reinforcement, we will tell you how to use it. Cut pieces of knitting wire of the required length are folded in half and slightly bent (about a third of the length is bent). Push the bent side under the joint (diagonally).

A hook is inserted into the resulting loop; the free ends, which are on the other side, are also placed on the hook and bent. Now they begin to rotate, twisting the turns and tightening the connection (clockwise or counterclockwise - depend on the situation, do what is more convenient).

When the knot approaches the reinforcement, the hook is simply removed.

Here you need to decide how tightly to tighten the knot. You can’t overtighten—the wire will burst, and you can’t allow the reinforcement to dangle. It should fit snugly. The knot should not be on the side, but clearly above the intersection. Therefore, hold the hook above the cross.

There is a little trick that will allow you to pull the rods well together and secure them. Approximately before the last two or three turns, the hook must be pulled towards you with force, stretching the wire. And with tension make the last turns. Due to its elasticity, the wire stretches a little, the knot becomes tighter, and the reinforcement is well tightened.

Another note - the length of the twist should not be long. You can get 3-5 turns. This will be enough to make the connection strong.

There is another way to knit reinforcement. They differ only in the way they fix the free end on the hook: put the wire a little behind the hook and start twisting. The one described first seems to be the most convenient. In the sense that one hand remains free, it can be used to hold the reinforcement.

The knot should be exactly above the junction of the reinforcement bars

After you have removed the loop, bend all the ends under the connection - this way they will not interfere, and you will not get hurt or tear your clothes during further work.

Tying reinforcement with a screwdriver

There is no process that our people will not try to modernize in their own way. So knitting reinforcement is much faster using a conventional screwdriver. The hook is pre-made, fixed in the holder, and the lowest rotation speed is set.

The procedure is the same as when using a regular hook. Only after you have secured the free ends of the wire to the hook, turn on the screwdriver for a couple of moments. After tightening the loop, turn off the tool and remove it from the hook. With practice, you can do one knitting per second.

Knitting with plastic clamps

You can tie the reinforcement with mounting plastic clamps. They are also inserted under the connection diagonally, the end is threaded into the latch and tightened. Everything happens quickly.

But how durable the connection using plastic clamps will be is a question. Most likely, nothing will harm the plastic in the screed: it is chemically neutral. But, it has a decent elongation factor. That is, under prolonged static load it will stretch. The rods will begin to “walk”, which can lead to destruction of the screed. Combined with the fact that the clamps are more expensive (albeit not much), this option does not look so attractive.

How to make a hook for tying reinforcement with your own hands

You don't have to buy a hook. You can easily make it yourself, and you can choose all the sizes “to suit you”, make it as convenient for you.

Thick steel wire with a diameter of 4 mm or more is suitable. For example, an electrode can be used.

Bend a circle at one end of it. The handle will rest against it. Just make a circle. If you just bend it, it will be inconvenient: you will constantly cling to your sleeves. So try and bend it well so that the edge rests on the rod.

Bend the rod itself approximately in the middle at an angle of 30 degrees. You should get something similar to a rocker arm. String two or three washers onto the rod, pull them to the ring - they will fix the handle.

Options for homemade hooks for frames

You make the handle itself. There are several options:

1. Two tubes are needed. One is slightly larger in diameter than your rod (4 mm requires an internal diameter of 5-6 mm). The second one is even bigger. Their length is a third of the entire hook or a little more. You insert one into the other and rivet their ends with a hammer.
2. Weld washers on both sides of the tube, the inner diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the rod.
3. Turn a handle from wood on a lathe. But you need to take dense wood - pine or spruce will not work - they will wear out quickly.
4. Use a piece of polymer pipe. The stopper at the bottom is a welded washer or nut.
5. Your option.

Place the finished handle on the rod and weld a lock washer to prevent the handle from rolling down.

Now we make the hook itself. Use a grinder to sharpen the end of the rod into a cone. There is no need to make it sharp, just slightly rounded. Then use pliers to bend it into a crochet hook. That's it, your instrument is ready. You can start working.

You will need to experiment with the angle and length of the hook itself - choose the one that is convenient for you. Some people find it convenient to use a short, steeply curved hook, while others find it better to work with one bent at a slight angle, but of great length. In general, try it. The main condition is that he should not break the wire. Then the connection will be reliable.

Results

There are many ways to tie reinforcement to a foundation with your own hands. The matter is long, but not the most difficult. Choose the method that is more convenient for you, as there will be a lot of work.

Source: https://bannyi-den.ru/vyazka-armatury-svoimi-rukami/

How to knit reinforcement for beginners: methods, norms and rules, frame for the foundation

There are only two ways to attach reinforcement to a frame: electric welding and knitting. We will not open a debate about which one is preferable. Let’s just say that knitting does not reduce the strength of the working rods.

Any welding weakens the metal because it creates local stresses in it. This negatively affects the reliability of the entire structure.

Compared to welding, knitting work is more labor-intensive.

Despite this, in private construction with its small volumes it is better to choose them. Especially when it comes to such critical structures as foundations and floor slabs.

articles:

In this article we will tell novice builders how to knit reinforcement correctly. Let's look at the tools, materials and technologies used for this work. We hope that the information received will help you confidently handle metal, assembling strong and reliable frames.

Methods of knitting reinforcement

There are two ways to fix reinforcing bars: manual and automated.

The manual method uses four types of tools:

• Pliers;
• Hook (simple and reversible);
• Screwdriver with attachment.

Using pliers is not very convenient. Therefore, they are rarely used and only for assembling small frames. Crochet is used more often. This simple device, with some skill, helps to quickly connect steel rods.

There is an improved modification of the simple hook (reversible). Its basis is a screw that rotates when the handle is pulled back.

By combining a hook with a screwdriver, home craftsmen have created another convenient device for fixing steel rods in a frame.

Automated knitting is performed with a so-called pistol. This is a rather complex and expensive device used at large facilities. Its performance is such that tying one knot occurs in 1 second.

The device is equipped with a compartment in which a spool of wire is installed. The working body of the gun delivers it to the fittings and ties it into a knot.

Crochet technology

There is nothing complicated in this operation. After doing it several times, you will quickly get used to it.

The essence of the method is as follows: the intersection of the rods is covered with steel wire folded in half. The crochet hook is inserted into the loop and the other free end is grabbed with it. After this, the tool is rotated until it is tightened. The ends of the wire are bent inside the frame.

The craftsmen know one little secret that guarantees tight contact: after not tightening the loop a little, you need to pull it towards yourself and only then tighten it to the end.

Scheme for knitting reinforcement using a hook

Working with a screwdriver is not fundamentally different from crocheting. The advantage is higher speed and less labor intensity. When using a screwdriver, do not forget to set the rotation speed of its chuck to minimum.

You should not knit reinforcement with an electric drill. The large inertia of this tool does not allow you to accurately determine the moment of completion of tightening.

Methods for connecting steel rods and the main types of nodes are shown in the diagram below.

Materials

To assemble the frame, special annealed wire is used. It is durable, but at the same time quite soft. This allows you to tighten the knots without the risk of tearing it. The recommended diameter of this material depends on the cross-section of the reinforcing bars and ranges from 1.0 to 1.4 mm.

Cheap wire comes without coating and is called black. It is more resistant to corrosion and has a protective layer of zinc.

Knitting wire is produced in two versions: in coils and measured (in segments). Working with a skein is more difficult because it has to be cut into pieces by hand. The measuring material can be used immediately. Wire with loops at the ends is especially convenient.

Norms and rules for performing work

Guidelines for the design and manufacture of reinforcement cages are contained in two regulatory documents. GOST 10922-2012 specifies technical conditions for knitted and welded connections of reinforced concrete structures. The set of rules SP 52-101-2003 regulates the requirements for the design of frames.

Based on these standards, standard patterns for tying reinforcement under a strip foundation, dimensions of overlaps, diameters of the reinforcement used and other rules for the execution of work have been developed.

When joining rods on straight and corner sections, the length of the overlaps is important. SNiP sets this parameter depending on the diameter of the working fittings (in millimeters):

• 300 mm for rods with a diameter of 10 mm;
• 380 for 12 mm;
• 480 for 16 mm;
• 580 for 18 mm;
• 680 for 22 mm;
• 760 for 25 mm.

Knitting the strip foundation frame

The estimated number of longitudinal rods (diameter 12-18 mm) are placed at the bottom of the trench on supports (bosses) 4-5 cm thick. The distance between them depends on the size of the foundation and can range from 5 to 20 cm. If the standard length of one steel rod (6 meters) is not enough for the entire “ribbon,” then several rods are used. They are connected to each other, observing the regulatory overlap.

Supports for reinforcement cage

Clamps made of smooth or corrugated steel with a diameter of 8-10 mm are attached vertically to the working rods. According to building codes, the pitch of the clamps must be at least 3/8 of the height of the foundation (20-50 cm).

Having installed the clamps, the upper chord of the working reinforcement is attached to them with wire, observing the design distance between the rods.

At corners and junctions, clamps are placed more often (1/2 step), and the working reinforcement is bent, connecting to the rods of the intersecting section of the “ribbon”.

The length of the bend must be at least 50 diameters of the working reinforcement.

Making a reinforcement cage in a trench is labor-intensive and inconvenient work. That's why experienced builders use this simple device.

Having laid the longitudinal whips on wooden stands, clamps and the lower belt of the working rods are tied to them. The finished structure is transferred and placed in a trench.

Assembly of the reinforcement frame of a monolithic slab is simpler than that of a strip foundation. The design here consists of two flat meshes. The lower rods are laid perpendicularly with a given pitch and connected to each other. Then, at the points of their intersections, stands made of steel rods are placed and the upper mesh is screwed to them.

Stand for mounting the upper frame of a monolithic slab

In recent years, fiberglass reinforcement has begun to be used to assemble frames.

You can knit it in several ways:

• annealed steel wire;
• plastic zip ties;
• plastic clips.

Approximate prices

The cost of tying reinforcement, as estimators say, “sits” in the total price of 1m3 of reinforced concrete. In square or linear meters it is calculated individually for each type of structure. In this case, it is necessary to take into account various parameters (the width and height of the grillage, the thickness of the slab, the cross-section of the reinforcement, the level of complexity of the frame, etc.).

For approximate calculations, builders use prices in rubles per 1 ton of metal used. Today in 2017 it averages from 20 thousand rubles.

Source: https://greensector.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/kak-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-nachinayushhikh-sposoby-normy-i-pravila-karkas-pod-fundament.html

How to knit reinforcement correctly - ProBuildingmaterials

Construction of a house begins with laying the foundation. The main requirement for a concrete foundation is its strength. It is achieved by laying a frame of reinforcement bars tied together inside the concrete. Such a frame is called reinforcing. This article will discuss such an important stage of construction work as tying reinforcement for the foundation.

Methods

It is necessary to first consider what methods of tying reinforcement for the foundation generally exist. They differ from each other by type:

• tool;
• material;
• knitting patterns;
• type of fittings.

By type of tool - this can be either knitting reinforcement for the foundation manually or using a special tool. For the latter, special crochet hooks, screwdrivers, and special pistols , produced specifically for this operation.

The material used to connect reinforcement bars to each other is:

• tying wire is the most common and reliable technology for tying reinforcement for the foundation, because it is performed with tying a knot.
• paper clips - are wire clamps, which, unlike ligation with knitting wire, are made without tying a knot.
• small clamps made of plastic - this new material has become widespread due to its ease of installation and high knitting speed, and besides, it is not afraid of corrosion. However, such a bundle of reinforcement for the foundation causes a certain skepticism among professionals. Read more here.
• clips - made in the form of latches that fix adjacent rods to each other.
• welded connection - this old method has not become widespread, since the welded connection, due to its fragility, is susceptible to cracking during concrete pouring and does not have the necessary reliability. To perform a high-quality welded joint, you need a highly qualified welder.

Required wire

When choosing wire, the following factors must be considered:

• Manufacturing accuracy class. The accuracy class is determined by the production method. There is a wire of a higher accuracy class, its deviation of the actual size, diameter, from that declared by the manufacturer along the entire length of the wire is less than that of a wire of a lower accuracy class. However, for knitting reinforcement, the accuracy class is not particularly important.
• Wire rolling method. There are two types of rolled products: cold-rolled and hot-rolled. Cold-rolled steel is rolled out from blanks by presses without heating. With the hot rolling method, rolled steel is rolled out in a heated state, which gives greater strength.
• Which group in terms of tensile strength does the wire belong to (there are the first and second groups);
• Degree of corrosion resistance. On this basis, there is only one difference - whether there is a galvanized coating on the wire or not.

The criterion for choosing a wire is very simple, you need a wire that is called “knitting” . It has a full set of necessary characteristics: sufficient softness with the declared strength, abrasion resistance and reliability when fastened.

Galvanized wire is considered overkill.
The optimal diameter of the knitting wire is 1.2-1.4 mm. A wire with a diameter of 1.6-2 mm takes a lot of force, as a result of which construction slows down, and the piece is too weak, it will simply burst.

You need to check the rigidity of the connection of the reinforcement by touching the rods - if they are rigidly fixed, they will not move, which means everything is in order. You should not test the strength of the knot itself, otherwise there is a risk of loosening the binding.

The length of wire recommended for one knitting point is from 30 to 50 cm. The wire itself is extremely cheap - about 50 rubles. for 100 meters. To avoid running out of it at the wrong time due to loss or excessive consumption, it is recommended to buy it with a double supply. 100 rubles for 200 meters is quite inexpensive.

How to bend reinforcement correctly, all the ways

You should choose how to bend the reinforcement for the foundation based on its diameter: with your own hands is quite easy, but for thicker reinforcement you will have to use special devices, homemade or specialized.

Among homemade devices, two methods are common. The first is when an ordinary pipe of suitable diameter is installed vertically and its base is poured with concrete so that it stands firmly.

The fittings are inserted inside all the way, and now the end protruding from the pipe can be bent by simply leaning on it. If this presents certain difficulties, then a second pipe is additionally put on the free end of the reinforcement, and now, due to the increased leverage, the thick reinforcement can be easily bent.

Welding is also often used. By softening a section of the rod with heat, it becomes easy to bend. The same is done with a blowtorch and a hammer. After heating the bend point with a lamp, bend the reinforcement with a hammer.

The most radical way is to make a cut with a small grinder and then bend it completely using available tools.

Crochet

The design of the hook for these purposes may be different, but this is not so important. The meaning lies in the presence of a hook as such, because it is used to thread the wire. The rules for tying reinforcement for the foundation are shown schematically in the figure.

Pay attention to the sequence of actions:

1. Bend the wire in half;
2. Follow the arrow, as in the figure, bring it into position for threading;
3. Insert the hook into the loop that will now be wound;
4. Place the hook loop inward between the free ends of the wire;
5. Without removing the hook, twist until tightened, but do not pinch;
6. Ready!

For strip foundation

The strip foundation reinforcement has two patterns for laying rods:

• system of 4 rods : two at the base of the foundation, two at the top (used if the width of the foundation does not exceed 50 cm),
• system of 6 rods : an additional longitudinal rod is placed between the two main ones (used in cases where the foundation width is more than 50 cm).

Bent reinforcement is laid at the corners, and the ends should protrude from the corner by at least 40 cm. The reinforcement connection nodes should be located from each other at a distance of no more than 60 bar diameters .
For example, if 12 mm reinforcement is used, then the strapping should be every 72 cm or more often. How to choose reinforcement for a strip foundation?

For columnar

This is a foundation that is placed on pillars that act as piles.
Bound reinforcement for the foundation is placed inside the pillars before pouring. The tying of reinforcement for a columnar foundation is the same as for a strip foundation - either 4 rods, or 6 for large columnar foundations.

For vertical rods in this type of foundation, 12 mm reinforcement is used, since this is a vertical foundation. The cross rods can be thinner and smoother.

For wooden houses, it is allowed to use longitudinal and vertical reinforcement thinner than 12 mm. Sometimes, for the foundation of small wooden buildings, a welded frame is constructed from vertical rods connected with hoops like a barrel. This is incorrect, because with this bonding method you can only use welding, and this is not a completely reliable method. We have already talked about this above.

For slab

A reinforcement frame for a foundation can take the form of a two-dimensional plane, a mesh formed from reinforcement bars. The second option is volumetric, in the form of two meshes of intersecting reinforcement, located one above the other and connected by transverse rods.

Reinforcement - from 12 mm and above, up to 16 in private housing construction. The mesh cell size is 200x200 mm. The distance from the lower reinforcement belt to the pillow (or insulation) is 50 mm. The top belt is also protected from external influences by a 50 mm layer of concrete.

Cost calculation (price for work and materials)

Let's take as an example a strip foundation 10 by 10 meters. This is the perimeter of the house. In addition, there will be a foundation for internal load-bearing walls - two walls of 10 meters each. It turns out 60 m.p. foundation.

How much reinforcement and tying wire will be required with the right approach?
Let's say the foundation is less than 50 cm wide - it will use a scheme with four longitudinal rods. In this case, in 1 linear meter of the foundation the following will be used:

• 4 longitudinal rods. That means at 60 mp. will be 240 meters.
• 4 vertical. With a foundation height of, say, 50 cm, their height will be no more than 45 cm. 4 x 45 cm = 1.8 m. In 60 meters of the foundation - 108 m.
• 4 transverse. With a foundation width of 45 cm, the width of the transverse ones will not exceed 35 cm. 4 x 35 cm = 1.40 m. In 60 meters of the foundation - 84 m.

How much is it?

For longitudinal rods we use 12 mm reinforcement costing 25-30 r/m.p.
240 x 35(30) =6000 (7200) For vertical and transverse rods, take 6-8 mm costing 12-16 r/m.p. (108+84) x 12(16)=2304 (3072)

So, the purchase of reinforcing rods for this foundation will cost from 8304 to 10072 rubles.

Now let's calculate the required amount of wire. 4 ties for a 4-bar foundation per 1 m.p. This, based on a maximum consumption of 50 cm per tie, is 2 meters of wire per meter of structure.

We have 60 meters, so we need 120 meters of wire. 1 m of wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm weighs 9 grams, respectively, 120 m of wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm weighs about 1 kg, which costs about 50 rubles.

The wire is cheap, so you can and should buy it with a double supply - 240 meters for 100 rubles.

All that remains is to calculate the cost of installation and tying of the frame. As a rule, it is not calculated separately and is included in the total cost of pouring the foundation. In the regions, such work is cheaper, but the price range is approximately the same - 1000-2000 rubles per cubic meter. This price includes the construction of a trench, installation of formwork, binding of the frame, pouring concrete and removing the formwork.

The total length of the foundation we are calculating is 60 meters, width 0.4 m, height 0.5 m. Let's calculate the volume: 60 x 0.4 x 0.5 = 12 m3. With this volume, the cost of foundation work will be 12,000 - 24,000 rubles.

Source: https://isss.ru/raznoe/kak-pravilno-vyazat-armaturu.html

Selection and calculation of wire for knitting reinforcement

A reinforcing frame is necessary when building a foundation, installing screeds, walls, partitions and much more. To create an armored belt, metal rods are usually used, which are fastened together by welding or special wire “bundles”.

However, when welding rods, the so-called destruction of iron crystals occurs, which is why the metal at the attachment points becomes more fragile and susceptible to corrosion.

To eliminate such a nuisance, knitting wire for reinforcement is used, with the help of which it is much more convenient and easier to create a reinforcing frame of the desired configuration. Besides this, it has many other advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of tying wire

If we talk about the advantages of such a wire, then it allows:

• Get the job done faster and easier. However, the knitting speed directly depends on the availability of a special gun for tying reinforcement. If you do the work manually, it will take much more time and effort.
• It's easy to fix bugs. Since the reinforcing frame must be perfectly flat, it is not always possible to fix the metal rods in the desired position. If you use welding to fasten the reinforcement, then nothing can be changed, but with wire you can adjust the position of the rods.
• You can knit the wire directly in the formwork.

In addition, wire for tying reinforcement is much cheaper than buying or renting welding equipment.

One of the disadvantages is the unsteadiness of the finished structure when moving it. The reinforcement begins to sag, which causes the tension force to increase in places where it is knitted. However, if you knit an armored belt in the formwork and use steel rather than fiberglass reinforcement, then such problems can be avoided.

Types of wire for knitting reinforcement

According to GOST 3282-74, for knitting reinforcement it is necessary to use wire made of annealed low-carbon steel. Such products are characterized by increased bending softness, so they are much more convenient to use.

The wire is easy to distinguish by color:

• white – galvanized, heat-treated;
• black - uncoated.

Some builders consider it pointless to use galvanized wire, because they believe that since there is no oxygen in the hardened concrete, then there is no need to worry about corrosion. However, let's not forget about moisture, which a concrete monolith absorbs well if it was not made with the addition of plasticizers.

Also, knitting wire for reinforcement comes in several varieties:

• regular and high strength (this parameter is determined based on the accuracy of production);
• Groups 1 and 2, based on tensile strength indicators;
• With or without special coating.

When choosing products for knitting reinforcement, it is worth studying the characteristics of the wire.

How to calculate the amount of wire

In order to avoid going to the hardware store once again, it is better to immediately determine how much material will be needed for your project. The easiest way to do this is based on the provisions of SNiP, according to which the wire consumption for knitting reinforcement is 30 cm per connection or 4 kg per 1 ton of reinforcing rods.

To find out how much wire you need to buy, you need to determine the number of points at which the rods will be joined.

For example, you plan to build a strip foundation 5 x 6 m with two reinforced belts, 3 rods in each. Connections (vertical and transverse) will be made in increments of 40 cm. Based on these data, we obtain:

• The perimeter of the reinforcing frame - multiply 5 by 6, we get 30 m.
• The number of points where jumpers will be installed (subject to a step of 40 cm) - divide 30 by 0.4, we get 75 pieces.
• Based on the fact that on each jumper there will be 6 joining points (since we use 3 rods), respectively, if we multiply 75 by 6, we will get 450 pieces (the number of connections).
• All that remains is to calculate the material consumption. To do this, multiply 450 by 0.3 and get 135 m.

As a result, for a strip foundation 5 x 6 m, 135 m of wire will be required. In the same way, you can find out the total material consumption for a reinforcing frame of a more complex configuration.

Source: https://zamesbetona.ru/armirovanie/vjazalnaja-provoloka-dlja-armatury.html

Knitting wire for reinforcement - suitable diameter and consumption

Although many people do not attach much importance to knitting wire as a building material, it still plays an important role in some construction areas, especially when it comes to monolithic reinforced concrete structures.

Today I will try to tell you why knitting wire is so important, where and in what form it is used, and, importantly, how to use it correctly in construction.

The main purpose of binding wire, as its name suggests, is to tie together reinforcement to obtain a reliable reinforcement frame in reinforced concrete structures, such as a foundation, for example.

I repeat once again that knitting a reinforcement cage using ordinary knitting wire is not only cheaper, but in most cases it is much more reliable than constructing it using a welding machine. I talked in more detail about the benefits of tying reinforcement in previous articles.

What types of tying wire are used for tying reinforcement

There are two main types of knitting wire - regular wire and fired wire.

As a rule, the second option is used for tying reinforcement. Moreover, regardless of what the reinforcement frame is intended for, be it any type of foundation, or some other reinforced concrete structure.

In addition to everything, the treated knitting wire has virtually no stretch, which will give the knot additional strength.

In the store you can also find galvanized and non-galvanized wire. Any of them is used for tying reinforcement, but galvanized is slightly less susceptible to aggressive environments.

How to choose the most suitable wire diameter 

The diameter of the tying wire used for tying the reinforcement is of great importance and depends on the diameter of the reinforcement itself.

If you use a tie wire with a diameter of less than 1.2 mm, then most likely you will not be able to tighten it properly, it will burst. It is very inconvenient to knit reinforcement with wire thicker than 1.6 mm, and it will most likely not be possible to tighten it so that the knot is strong.

Connecting reinforcement with tying wire

The reinforcement is connected with knitting wire using a knitting hook. How to do this correctly - see one of the previous articles, in which I talked about knitting reinforcement for the foundation.

The connection of the reinforcement must be rigid; not only the strength of the reinforced concrete structure during its operation, but also the strength and integrity of the frame during the process of pouring concrete into a trench or formwork depends on this.

Quantity of tying wire for reinforcement

Despite the fact that knitting wire is very inexpensive, sometimes it is necessary to know its consumption, that is, how much of it you will need, well, at least so as not to have to go for it again.

It is very difficult to calculate exactly how much tying wire will be used when tying reinforcement, and in fact it is not necessary, given its very low cost.

To begin with, depending on the reinforcement scheme, it is necessary to calculate the amount of reinforcement. Then, based on the same reinforcement scheme, calculate the approximate number of knitting knots.

The wire consumption for reinforcement is determined based on the fact that the size of one knitting wire element is 0.3 - 0.5 m, depending on the diameter of the reinforcement, which is usually determined experimentally.

So, we take the number of nodes, multiply by 0.5 m, and get the required footage of wire for tying the reinforcement.

It must be remembered that you need to buy twice the calculated amount of wire, because during the knitting process it often breaks, gets lost, and unscrupulous sellers may “not supply” the stated footage.

Source: http://postroj-sam.ru/fundament-doma/vyazalnaya-provoloka-dlya-armatury-vidy-diametr-raskhod.html

How to knit reinforcement - a detailed description of patterns and methods

In construction, reinforcement is the name given to interconnected elements that, when worked together with concrete, create a more advanced material – reinforced concrete. Thanks to reinforcement, beams and slabs better withstand tensile stresses, and compressed structures increase strength. To obtain the desired effect, the reinforcement fragments are connected to each other. Due to the method of connection, the method is called binding.

How to knit reinforcement

Since reinforcement in the form of steel rods is mainly used in the construction of foundations and main walls, their connection to absorb compressive or tensile stresses is mandatory. In mass construction, the welding and tying method is used for connections, in individual construction, usually only tying. In this case, the reinforcement is knitted using:

• knitting wire;
• reinforcement clamps.

The term “knitting wire” means round wire made of low-carbon steel in accordance with GOST 3282-74. It can be regular or heat-treated (marked “O”), coated or uncoated. The thickness of the zinc coating determines the class of the material.

When choosing which wire to knit the reinforcement with, you should pay attention to the grade of concrete and the operating conditions of the structure. In this case, mechanical properties are taken into account.

So, if tying reinforcement for the foundation is supposed to be done manually, it is better to choose a thinner option, since without a special tool, thick wire for tying reinforcement requires significant effort.

In addition to industrially produced low-carbon wire, it is permissible to use metal cord from car tires. When tires are burned, the metal cord is released and simultaneously undergoes heat treatment, which makes it easier to work with in the future. This option of knitting material is acceptable only for small volumes of work and individual low-responsibility construction.

Plastic clamps, regular and with a steel core, are also applicable. They are usually used for fiberglass reinforcement.

The use of clamps is permissible in cases where liquid concrete will not be subjected to mechanical loads during the hardening process (they will not walk on it, stack heavy things, or load it with other building materials).

This option is applicable for low-rise buildings, since during the process of pouring a large mass of concrete mixture, the fastenings can move along with the reinforcement. The displacement disrupts the functioning of the frame and leads to a change in the design strength of the structure.

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation

Depending on the chosen material for knitting, various fixation methods are used. The simplest situation is with plastic clamps. They are wrapped around the joint as far as the length allows and tightened.

To correctly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation, you will need a tool. Depending on the reinforcement tying pattern, the rods are distributed over the future pouring field.

If you plan to create a foundation, some of the rods are stuck into the prepared base (rammed sand and gravel backfill), this makes the work easier. After completing the connecting work, the frame is raised above the ground on special stands. This is necessary to prevent corrosion of metal elements protruding from the concrete. To connect the rods use:

1. special pliers for tying reinforcement; 
2. crochet hook, homemade or industrial production; 
3. a curved hook made of a thick nail or dowel, inserted into the chuck of a drill (screwdriver). Thanks to this mechanized hook, wire twisting is done faster and with less manual force.  
4. semi-automatic hook for tying reinforcement. A mechanism with a leg and a spring return mechanism pulls the wire and makes several rotational movements. This happens thanks to the spiral grooves on the hook leg, which, when pulled back, provide rotation and return to its previous position.  

The use of such tools is advisable for small amounts of work, for example, when building your own house, where tying reinforcement with your own hands is done over a short period of time (when preparing the foundation for a frame or brick structure or installing a fence on a concrete base).

A do-it-yourself hook for tying reinforcement is made from a used electrode, nail or other suitable metal rod of the required strength.

Professional tool for tying reinforcement

When creating a large volume of reinforcement for reinforced concrete structures (professional activities, large private construction), instead of manual or semi-automatic tools, it is better to use an automatic, so-called gun for tying reinforcement. This useful device was invented in Japan; it allows you to tighten the wire at the connection of the rods with the required force in a matter of seconds.

The operating principle of the device is shown in the video.

Source: https://stroy-okey.ru/house/foundation/kak-vjazat-armaturu-podrobnoe-opisanie-shem-i-sposobov/

Knitting reinforcement: fastening technology, connection methods, description of diagrams and installation rules

The foundation plays an important role in the construction of any building and structure. It takes on static and dynamic loads from the building structures and everything in it. The further task of the foundation is to distribute and transfer this load to the ground.

The foundation, as an element of a building, is under constant load. The durability of a building is directly dependent on the quality of the foundation, its strength and reliability. Therefore, when talking about concreting the foundation for a building, all these factors must be taken into account.

The strip foundation structure consists of concrete, which works well in compression. The next element is the reinforcement, which is considered a kind of skeleton and works well for bending.

The combination of these two elements is called reinforced concrete. This design confidently works with dynamic and static loads. Gives the building stability, durability, strength.

Features of using strip foundations

Recently, private housing construction has been experiencing an optimized trend. Architects and designers are creating bold projects that require responsible steps from the construction industry in terms of creating new materials based on other composite binders.

Revolutionary changes in modern construction engineering have not affected the design of foundations. Here, as before, the human factor plays a big role and there is a lot of physical labor involved.

Simple designs of strip foundations are considered good form in the construction of garages, temporary buildings, outbuildings, country cottages and other construction projects.

Strip foundations have proven themselves well in temperate climates, with freezing depths of up to one and a half meters. The soils must be dry and hard. If we have a case where the soil is heaving, or a place with high humidity, it is not advisable to install such foundations.

The advantageous qualities include the simplicity of the design, which allows you to perform almost the entire range of work without special training. It is successfully combined with the technical conditions of basement floors and monolithic floors. Allows you to do without the use of heavy construction equipment.

Typically, strip foundations are installed under the external load-bearing walls of a building. The internal walls and partitions of the building also rest on a strip foundation.

Basic rules and requirements for reinforcement

There is a special method for calculating the structure of a strip foundation. All main indicators, such as: the diameter of the reinforcing bars, their number in the lower and upper chords, the distance between the working reinforcement bars, are determined by calculation.

Values ​​such as: reinforcement class for the upper and lower chords, the distance between the clamps, the overlap distance of the reinforcing bars when connecting frames, the protective layer of concrete, are assigned for structural reasons by technical specialists.

Building codes and regulations regulate the performance of reinforcement work when constructing a monolithic strip foundation. There are a number of conditions for using reinforcement of a certain class:

• the reinforcement cage must be located in such a way as not to interfere with the concreting of the foundation;
• the distance between the transverse connecting clamps is determined structurally, in accordance with the standards of construction production. They should not interfere with the penetration of the vibrator head when pouring the concrete mixture;
• When connecting reinforcing cages to each other, the rods of the working reinforcement are superimposed on each other and tightly tied together with knitting wire. Also, the hinge joint must be rigid when connecting reinforcement cages transversely;
• To prevent contact of reinforcing bars with outside air, a protective concrete layer up to 50 mm thick should be installed. This will preserve the working fittings from corrosion. The foundation will ensure the stability and strength of the structure for a long time;
• Building codes allow the replacement of reinforcing bars with different diameters. For example, four rods of working reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm, which have a periodic profile and are located in the lower belt, are divided into two similar rods with a diameter of 20 mm. Such a replacement will not lead to a violation of the design parameters of the structure.

Tools for knitting reinforcement bars

For small volumes of private housing construction, developers use the method of manually knitting reinforcing bars into frames. This method has enough advantages, and it can be done as follows:

Knitting gun. The work productivity is very high. For large-scale construction of cottage towns, it justifies its use. It is convenient to use when reinforcement work is carried out in an open area.

Industrial hooks. This hook is placed on a wooden handle or clamped into a screwdriver. The knitting process becomes partly mechanized, but labor productivity does not increase.

With improvised means. As a rule, non-professionals use a piece of welding electrode or an ordinary nail. By first bending it with pliers, you get a simple tool that is suitable for small amounts of work.

Technological map of tying reinforcing bars

Let's take a closer look at the connection diagram of working reinforcement bars with clamps. This process includes the following operations:

• First of all, we will prepare the binding wire. We unwind the wire from the coil and cut it into pieces of 250-300 mm;
• With a double bent wire we wrap around the junction of the reinforcement bars;
• Insert a crochet hook into the resulting loop of wire and perform rotational movements. The reinforcement bars are tightly connected;
• after four turns, the hook is pulled out and the ends of the wire are bent around the joint.

It is allowed to make corner connections of frames in the pit only using bent reinforcement profiles.

What wire is used for tying reinforcement?

The quality of the knitting wire is reflected in the strength and rigidity of the frame joints. For all its softness, it must be strong enough and provide a tight connection. The thickness of the binding wire depends on the diameter of the reinforcement bars being connected. The most popular among developers is considered to be black annealed wire with a diameter of up to one and a half millimeters.

The wealthiest developers can afford to use tying wire with an anti-corrosion zinc coating. Such wire will delight the owner for many years.

Cost of reinforcement works

Carrying out reinforcement work includes several operations. First of all, the necessary preparations of reinforcing bars for working, structural, and connecting reinforcement are carried out.

The knitting wire is unwound from the coil and cut into pieces up to 300 mm long. Depending on the diameter of the wire, you can make a loop on one side.

After tying the individual rods into spatial frames, they take their design position. Now they are firmly fixed in the formwork, the vertical sides with spacers, and the bottom with bosses.

By performing simple calculations, you can find out how much metal was used in the manufacture of the foundation frames. The same calculations are made to determine the volume of concrete mixture that will be laid in the mass.

In each individual case, frames may differ in design features and material. The average price for knitting work is around eighteen thousand rubles per ton of reinforcement laid in the foundation.

Recommendations from experts

When making a strip monolithic foundation for an auxiliary outbuilding, bathhouse, garage, calculations for the selection of reinforcement are usually not made. Structurally, as a load-bearing structure, periodic profile reinforcement of class A 3 is used, the diameter must be at least 12 mm.

Rods made of composite materials can be used for reinforcement. In terms of quality characteristics, they are not inferior to steel ones, and in a number of indicators they are even superior. Low cost and weight, strength and durability have become the hallmark of this material.

Plastic ties are considered an excellent alternative to binding wire among advanced professionals. They provide a fairly strong connection between the rods, minimize labor costs and increase labor productivity.

Final part

It’s good when a man can do a lot of household chores with his own hands. However, builders are not born - they are made. You must have a certain amount of knowledge and experience.

One of the important and responsible structural elements of a building is the foundation. The strength and durability of the entire building, as well as the safety of residents, depend on the quality and reliability of this structural element.

Responsible construction processes should be performed by professionals, not self-taught ones. Entrust experts to do what they know how to do well.

Photo of reinforcement knitting

We also recommend viewing:

Source: https://stroimaterials.ru/vyazka-armatury/

Knitting wire for fittings: material of manufacture, selection criteria - Machine

Almost any large structure begins with the construction of a foundation. But not many people know that for the reliability and durability of the foundation, it must be reinforced with building reinforcement. Therefore, many who plan to build their own house on their own involuntarily ask the question: how to knit reinforcement correctly?

• Moreover, this process is very complex and requires patience and attention, special skills, as well as certain knowledge in construction work.

Essentially, reinforcement is designed to add flexibility to a concrete structure, making it more resilient. The fact is that under the influence of large loads of concrete, the reinforcement takes over. But without reinforcement, a concrete structure will actually be very fragile and unreliable.

As a rule, the reinforcement process is quite labor-intensive and can be done in two common ways: wire knitting or welding. Of course, both of these methods are good, but each has its own specific nuances.

Knitting wire

Knitting wire for tying reinforcement is of no small importance. As a rule, such wire has corresponding requirements that apply to it. First of all, this concerns compliance with GOST or standard, but in practice, most often, such wire has the corresponding GOST 3282-74 - “Low-carbon steel wire for general purpose.” Technical conditions".

It should also be noted that the thicker the reinforcement, the thicker the binding wire should be. For example, reinforcement with a diameter of 18 mm is not acceptable. use wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm.

Of course, tying reinforcement for the foundation is the most important stage in the manufacture of the foundation. Since the reliability and durability of the foundation depends on the correct alignment.

It is important to understand that very large weight loads are constantly placed on the foundation, so the reinforcement structure connected inside the concrete evenly distributes the entire load over the entire area of ​​the monolithic structure.

Do it yourself or order it?

If you have any difficulties in creating a reliable and high-quality frame from reinforcement, you can familiarize yourself with numerous and detailed photos of tying reinforcement, which show all the different nuances that may arise during the tying process.

In order for the foundation of a building to last for a very long time, it is necessary to properly strengthen it with reinforcement by tying reinforcement rods together. Of particular importance is the strength of tying the reinforcement wires together, otherwise it will negatively affect the foundation.

But if such work turns out to be difficult or overwhelming for you, then in this case it is definitely worth turning to qualified specialists. Yes, you will have to pay a certain amount of money for such a service, but in this case you will be able to save your time, and the quality of the work of the craftsmen will be at a very high level.

Also, specialists have everything they need to carry out such work; they will be able to reliably perform work of any complexity and in a fairly quick time. As a rule, such specialists not only knit the reinforcement, but also make the formwork and fill it with concrete.

Photo of tying reinforcement for the foundation

• We also recommend viewing:

Source: https://regionvtormet.ru/stanki-i-oborudovanie/vyazalnaya-provoloka-dlya-armatury-material-izgotovleniya-kriterii-vybora.html

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation: the best ways

Construction of a house begins with laying the foundation. The main requirement for a concrete foundation is its strength. It is achieved by laying a frame of reinforcement bars tied together inside the concrete. Such a frame is called reinforcing. This article will discuss such an important stage of construction work as tying reinforcement for the foundation.