Calculation of channel for deflection and bending
Channel is probably the most popular rolled metal used in construction. Judge for yourself, it can be used as floor beams, stair stringers, lintels and many other building structures. The channel is also quite often used to strengthen structures.
:
1. Calculator
2. Instructions for the calculator
But as you know, you cannot thoughtlessly take this or that rolled metal product. After all, it happens that its largest cross-section cannot withstand the load placed on it . Therefore, if you want to use a channel in the construction of your structure, you must first calculate it for deflection and bending. And this calculator can help with this.
Calculation of a channel for deflection and bending (selection of channel number based on deflection and strength) in the calculator is carried out for the following design schemes:
- Type 2 - cantilever beam with rigid embedding and uniformly distributed load. Example: a canopy made by rigidly welding two channels to the wall on one side and filling the space between them with reinforced concrete.
- Type 3 - a simply supported beam on two supports with a cantilever with a uniformly distributed load. Example: floor beams that extend beyond the outer wall to support a balcony slab.
- Type 4 is a single-span simply supported beam with one concentrated force. Example: a lintel with a floor beam supported on it.
- Type 5 is a single-span simply supported beam with two concentrated forces. Example: a lintel on which two floor beams already rest.
- Type 6 - cantilever beam with one concentrated force. Example: Fantasy Parade - the same canopy as in type 2, only here there is a metal sheet between the channels on which a brick wall stands.
I would also like to talk about the features of this calculator. It lies in the fact that you can simultaneously select channels online by size and according to GOST standards.
Note: if you still need to calculate the weight of the channel and the cost of purchasing it, then here you go.
Instructions for the calculator
Please note that in non-integer numbers it is necessary to put a period, not a comma, that is, for example, 5.7 m, not 5.7. Also, if something is not clear, ask your questions through the comment form located at the very bottom.
Initial data
Calculation scheme:
Span length (L) - the span that the beam must span.
Distances (A and B) - distances from supports to places where loads are applied. In the case of the third scheme - the length of the console.
Standard and design loads are the loads by which the channel is selected for deflection and bending.
Comment. If you need to calculate a floor beam and your load is expressed in kg/m2, then you can convert it by multiplying by the pitch of the beams. For example, the design load on the floor is 400 kg/m2, the pitch of the beams is 0.6 m, then the load that needs to be indicated in the initial data column will be equal to 400·0.6=240kg/m.
F max is the ratio of the span length to a unit selected according to Table E.1 of SNiP “Loads and Impacts”, depending on the type of structure. The most common values for this parameter are shown in Table 1.
Number of channels - here you can select the number of channels that make up one beam. This means that the channels lie next to each other, and not on top of each other.
Position - the orientation of the channel in relation to the applied load (see figure).
Design resistance Ry - this parameter depends on the steel grade. For example, if the steel grade is C235, then Ry = 230 MPa. (Note: designers sometimes take Ry 210 MPa for reinsurance, since anything can happen in Russia). The most common values are listed in Table 2.
Next, you select a certain type of channel according to GOST (in this case it is GOST 8240-97), which needs to be checked for deflection and bending.
Result
The weight of the beam is 1 lm. channel This indicator allows you to estimate how much a beam of a given length will weigh.
W required is the required moment of resistance of the channel.
F max is the maximum deflection that is permissible for a beam spanning a span of length L.
Strength calculation:
Wbeams is the moment of resistance of the selected channel. This parameter can be simultaneously found out for channels with parallel edges, with sloped flanges, economical, special and light series channels.
Margin - here it is shown by how many percent the moment of resistance of the selected beam exceeds the required moment of resistance (positive value) or does not reach it (negative value). In other words, if the value is minus (-), then the beam does not pass in terms of strength, if it is plus (+), then it passes.
Deflection calculation:
Fbeams is the deflection that occurs in the selected channel under the influence of a standard load.
The margin is the same as in relation to the moment of resistance.
Source: http://svoydomtoday.ru/building-onlayn-calculators/285-raschet-shvellera-na%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D0% BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B0
Channel markings – Channel – size table, assortment according to GOST
The height of the channel profile is approximately 1.5-3.5 times greater than the width. The shape of its cross-section provides it with high levels of rigidity.
This allows this type of rolled steel to be used in heavy engineering and construction, mainly for the manufacture of critical metal structures, as load-bearing elements of floors, frames of buildings and structures.
In addition, many brands of channels are used in the automotive industry, carriage building, for the manufacture of supports, fences, gates, and for decorative purposes.
The geometric parameters and dimensions of the channels of the P series (with parallel edges) and the U series (with a slope of internal edges) are the same, the main difference is only in the radii of curvature of the shelves.
The key parameter in marking and designation is height. Channel number = Height in mm / 10, or, in other words, equal to the height of the channel in cm.
Channel height
Shelf width
Wall thickness
Shelf thickness
| 5P, 5U | 50 | 32 | 4,4 | 7,0 |
| 6.5P, 6.5U | 65 | 36 | 4,4 | 7,2 |
| 8P, 8U | 80 | 40 | 4,5 | 7,4 |
| 10P, 10U | 100 | 46 | 4,5 | 7,6 |
| 12P, 12U | 120 | 52 | 4,8 | 7,8 |
| 14P, 14U | 140 | 58 | 4,9 | 8,1 |
| 16P, 16U | 160 | 64 | 5,0 | 8,4 |
| 18P, 18U | 180 | 70 | 5,1 | 8,7 |
| 20P, 20U | 200 | 76 | 5,2 | 9,0 |
| 22P, 22U | 220 | 82 | 5,4 | 9,5 |
| 24P, 24U | 240 | 90 | 5,6 | 10,0 |
| 27P, 27U | 270 | 95 | 6,0 | 10,5 |
| 30P, 30U | 300 | 100 | 6,5 | 11,0 |
| 40P, 40U | 400 | 115 | 8,0 | 13,5 |
Types of channels - classification, standards
According to the production method, the channel is divided into bent and hot-rolled profiles. A bent profile is obtained by cold profiling from a steel sheet blank (strip). In turn, a bent channel can be equal-flanged or unequal-flanged.
GOST 8278-83 regulates the range and maximum deviations of bent steel equal-flange channel. According to the requirements of this document, channel dimensions can be in the range from 25x26 to 410x65 with a thickness of 2 to 20 mm. The length of the bent profile, which is made from carbon, low-alloy steels, can range from 3 to 12 m.
GOST 8281-80 contains the range and value of maximum deviations of bent steel unequal-flange channel, which is made from ordinary quality grades and high-quality carbon steels, as well as low-alloy grades. Profile dimensions according to this document range from 32x22x12 to 300x80x40, thickness from 2 to 10 mm. The measured length of this profile is 4-11.8 meters.
GOST 8240-97 contains the range, classification and maximum deviations of the dimensions of hot-rolled channels for general and special purposes. The profile of this group can be 50 – 400 mm high. The channel number reflects the section height expressed in centimeters.
According to this standard, the cross-section of a channel can have 2 types of profile: 1) with sloped edges (U and C series), 2) with parallel edges (P, E and L series). The width of the profile corresponds to the width of the shelf and can take a value of 32-115 mm.
The marking of a channel, for example 10P, reflects its height and type of profile.
There are also highly specialized types of channels. Their shape and size are regulated by relevant standards.
GOST 21026-75 standardizes rolled products with bent flanges, which are used for the production of trolleys. They have only 2 standard sizes SP-10 and SP-12. GOST 5267.
1-90 contains dimensions and reference characteristics of hot-rolled channels for railcar construction. The channel number according to the requirements of this standard can take values from 8V to 30V-2.
GOST 5422-73 contains the dimensions of hot-rolled profiles intended for tractors. According to the standard, profile No. 5 corresponds to a 24T channel, and profile No. 6 corresponds to 18T.
How to correctly decipher the channel symbol
The type of channel symbol depends on its type (GOST) and the material from which it is made. For example, a 30P channel of normal rolling precision B, made of steel St3, fourth category, first group, has the following designation:
- Channel 30P-V GOST 8240-97/St3sp4-1 GOST 535-88
The same profile made of steel 09G2S with increased rolling precision, strength class 345 is designated:
- Channel 30P-B GOST 8240-97/345 GOST 19281-89
A bent equal-flange channel with dimensions 300x80x6 of profiling accuracy A (high), from a strip of increased rolling accuracy B, of the second category, made of St3sp steel is designated:
- Channel A 300x80x6 B GOST 8278-83/2-St3sp GOST 11474-76
apex-metal.ru
Assortment of channels - table, dimensions, GOST
Along with rod, angle and sheet, channel is one of the most popular rolled profiles. Construction, automobile and carriage building, manufacturing of metal structural elements - this is an incomplete list of applications in production. The demand for it continues to grow, and the range of channels is varied.
General concepts and types
A channel is a U-shaped metal profile. The assortments are completely unified. Their dimensions and mechanical properties are described by state standards GOST 8540-92 and GOST 8278-83. The blanks are various bars, rods and sheet metal.
The channel has a cross-sectional shape that is quite advantageous from the point of view of material resistance. In terms of its ability to withstand bending loads, it is comparable to a solid bar, but the channel has a significantly lower mass. The material utilization rate in this case increases by 5-8 times. This is the main reason for such active demand for the profile in the construction industry.
Types of channels, by analogy with assortments of angles, are divided according to the following principles:
- Manufacturing method: rolled and bent.
- Type of metal used: steel, aluminum and magnesium alloys.
Let us now dwell on each point in more detail.
Bent channels
The range of standard sizes of bent channel is described in the state standard GOST 8278-83. Its manufacturing technology consists of giving the workpiece, which is a metal sheet, a U-shaped profile. This is done using special industrial presses and stamps.
This process is distinguished by its versatility, i.e. the ability to quickly change over equipment to a different range of channels. As a rule, this does not take a relatively long amount of time. At the same time, the pressing equipment itself does not require large areas. Another important fact is the cost of such equipment, which is significantly lower compared to rental equipment.
Peculiarities:
- The shelves and the wall are approximately comparable in length. Otherwise, there is a high probability of cracks forming at the bend of the sheet when bending it with a press.
- They are distinguished by high surface cleanliness. The reason for this lies in the absence of heating of the workpiece and the fact that bending is carried out by applying pressure to two points of the sheet.
- The length of the channel is limited by the dimensions of the die molding matrix.
- The thickness does not exceed 4-5 mm. With large blank sheet sizes, the smoothness of the process is disrupted, which causes microcracks to appear on the surface.
Rolled channels
The main advantage of obtaining a profile by rolling is its continuity. This greatly increases the productivity of the profile manufacturing process. The number of meters per minute of a finished channel increases by 8-10 times compared to a flexible one. The downside of this technology is the difficult conversion to another type of profile and the higher cost of the equipment.
Rolling technology allows the use of more massive workpieces, which makes it possible to obtain U-shaped products with large wall thickness. In addition, preheating the metal bar promotes grain refinement, which has a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of the channel. Although, on the other hand, this causes a decrease in surface quality and deterioration in appearance.
Dimensions are regulated by GOST 8240-92. According to it, they are divided into the following categories:
- With inclined edges of shelves. The tilt angle is 8-12 degrees. It is designated in the technical literature by the letter “U”.
- With parallel edges of shelves. This range is similar in size to a channel with inclined shelves, but is inferior to it in its strength characteristics. This happens due to less smooth transitions between the wall and the flanges, which increases the stress concentration coefficient of the section. Marked with the letter "P".
- Special purpose channel. In another way it is called reinforced. It has thicker walls and larger shelves. For this reason, the profile has greater strength and rigidity. As a rule, it is used in units that require increased resistance to cyclic loads. Conventionally, it is designated by the letter “C”.
- Light series channel. Significantly inferior to all of the above types both in wall thickness and shelf width. It has a lower resistance to deformation, and for this reason it is used in structures that do not require increased rigidity. Denoted by the letter "L".
- Economical - in size and shape it occupies an intermediate position between the profile with inclined shelves and the light series. Marked with the letter "E".
Types of materials
State standards allow the use of the following range of metals and alloys:
- Carbon steel of ordinary quality GOST 380-2005.
- Construction steel GOST 27772-88.
- High strength rolling steel GOST 619281-89.
- Low-alloy steel for bridge construction GOST 6713-89.
- Aluminum alloys GOST 4884-76 and GOST 4784-76.
Characteristics
As mentioned earlier, channels differ from each other in size and parameters of the strength properties of the profile. Among them, it is worth noting the following most important characteristics of the channel:
- Profile height.
- Shelf width.
- Wall thickness.
- Radius of internal rounding.
- The moment of inertia and the moment of resistance are quantities that characterize the ability of a channel to resist deformation and destruction, respectively.
The higher the value of each of these parameters, the higher the strength of the product.
Marking
Let's look at the designation in the technical documentation using an example:
Channel (20P GOST 8240-97)/(St3sp GOST 535-2005), where
- 20 – channel height in centimeters;
- P - indicates that the channel has parallel flange edges;
- GOST 8240-97 – regulates its geometric dimensions;
- St3sp – brand of material from which the profile is made;
- GOST 535-2005 - characterizes the chemical composition and mechanical properties of this steel.
Source: https://martand.ru/raznoe/markirovka-shvellera-shveller-tablica-razmerov-sortament-po-gost.html
Channel 16 and its characteristics
Channel hardware 16 is a long, flattened product with a profile in the form of a squat letter “P”. It is given this shape because it contributes to the stability of the structure under large vertical loads.
There are two main types of channels - with a straight or beveled surface of the inner part of the shelves (they are designated P and U, respectively).
In terms of size it is characterized as follows:
- Width (distance between shelves)
- Length
- Wall thickness
All quantities are usually measured in millimeters, with the exception of length. There is no strictly defined area of application of the channel. Due to its beneficial qualities, it is used in construction, the construction of various metal structures, in the engineering and metalworking industries. It is also indispensable for the construction of bridges, transport and crane tracks and other internal communications of industrial buildings.
Supplied to the consumer in the form of measured and unmeasured segments. Channel 16 is produced using hot rolling technology, in contrast to cold forming; a metal strip heated to softening is fed into the rolling mechanism for shaping and crimping. Marked with index 16 to distinguish it from other types of similar hardware, for example, bent channels.
How does channel 16 differ from other similar products?
This channel is produced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8240-97 (previously 89) using hot rolling technology. Unlike other types of channels, which have sloped flanges (side walls of the profile), the sides of product 16 are connected at right angles.
The internal corner of the product is somewhat rounded and this rounding is called radius (R). According to GOST requirements, it is 8.5 mm. In addition, the radius of curvature of the shelves is accepted; depending on the type of metal product, it ranges from 3.5 to 5 mm.
All channels 16 belong to equal flange products. There are also non-equal-flange profiles of this type. Unlike the one listed here, they have different shelf widths.
Detailed characteristics of channel 16
In addition to the shape, there are other differences between these hardware and other types of shaped steel; you can find them out from the characteristics of channel 16.
GOST 8240 describes in detail all the parameters of a product marked 16: steel grade, strength, hardness, hardening, width and thickness of shelves, surface smoothness, and weight per linear meter of finished products.
Depending on the purpose of the material, other state standards besides the one mentioned are also applied. They regulate the properties and parameters of metal products for their use for specific purposes.
For example:
- GOST 19281-89 (old). Channel 16 made of especially strong steel
- GOST 535-2005 (new). Hardware for general and special purposes
- GOST R 52927-2015. Products made from high-strength steel grades for the construction of metal structures and shipbuilding.
Channel 16 - marking
Channel 16 used in construction is designated as follows:
- "16P" - parallel shelves
- “16U” - with slanting shelves
- “16аП” and “16аУ” - reinforced
In addition, it is customary to clearly indicate the dimensional parameters of the channel according to GOST 8240-89 (97):
- Height 160 mm
- Shelf width 6.4 cm, thickness 8.4
- R 8.5
- r 3.5
- Weight per linear meter for channel products 16 - 16 - 14.2 kg
Standard (measured) length is 4 m to 12 m. The channel can also be supplied in lengths specified by the customer.
Another important indicator by which channel 16 is distinguished is modification. For hardware marked “U” (height 64 mm), the cross-sectional area will be 18.1 square centimeters. And for the same product with a height of 68 mm, this figure will be 19.5 square centimeters. But for a product marked “P” with the same dimensional characteristics, it will remain at 18.1 sq.cm.
Differences in geometry
Channel 16 can have different configurations, for example, with shelves bent inward. The profiles described here have the following labels:
- Channel with simple shelves of the first type - “U”
- With shelves of the second type - “P”
- Economical - "E"
- Light type - “L”
- Special - "C"
These are the main types, besides them there are various subtypes that do not differ in basic parameters, but may have greater or lesser wall thickness, different radii of curvature, different widths of the product and its shelves. Such channels have an additional designation in the index - a - the first size and b - the second, with a larger profile weight.
According to the standards, channel 16 has additional dimensions for types U, P, S. There are a total of eight types of this metal profile.
Weight per linear meter of channel product 16
In order to evaluate the quality of channels, as well as correctly make technical calculations of structures, there is an important indicator - the reference weight of a meter of product.
If all technological requirements are met, then on average, the mass of a linear meter must correspond to that specified in the state standard. GOST 8240 allows a deviation of no more than 5% from the standard. For each type there is its own value of this value, which is given in the table of the corresponding technical documentation. For example, for a channel of series “P” No. 5 this figure is 4.84 kilograms per meter.
Prices for channel 16 in Moscow
Attention! The prices given here for channel 16 should be understood as indicative only. In many cases, prices are actually negotiable and may depend on delivery and other delivery conditions, as well as lot sizes. In retail trade, goods can be sold at a price per piece.
To review prices for channel 16, the largest electronic trading platforms were used: “Price Pulse” and “Tiu.ru”. For an objective analysis, offers with prices from the categories “by rating”, “cheap” and “expensive” were taken. Here are prices per kilogram (usually for retail and small wholesale) and per ton. It should be noted that the lowest prices are usually offered for large quantities of channel bars.
Prices for "Tiu"
Rating section:
- 25 rub/kg. Channel 30 U
- RUB 26,638/ton
Cheap category:
- 20.70 rub/kg
- RUB 20,500/ton
Road section e:
Data from "Price Pulse"
- 22,880 rub./t — 34,105 rub./t
- from 21 to 26.80 rub. — 33 rub./kg
Source: https://prompriem.ru/stati/shveller-16.html
What is the difference between channel u and p
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Channel 16 is a type of shaped steel that is widely used in construction. The marking “16” indicates a standard size in the shape of the letter “P” with a certain value of shelves and walls. The appearance of metal structures made of hot-rolled steel differs in all respects. In GOST standard 8240-97 they are prescribed for each marking.
This includes all dimensions of channel 16: the height of the product fits within the limits of 50-400 mm, the width of the shelves is 32-115 mm.
In addition to this information, it is said about the cross-sectional dimensions and other basic values due to which high-strength parts are created.
Thanks to technical regulations, metal products are always of high quality and are used at critical sites. Any customer has the right to compare the purchased product with specific prescribed standards.
Prices for channel 16 per meter and ton
Standard 8240-97 assumes different types of standard sizes. They are divided according to the shape of the shelves, there are:
The inscription “16P” means that the height of the metal product is 16 cm, and the shelves are located parallel to each other. On products there are special indices “a” and “b”, indicating the first additional powerful standard size and a more powerful one, respectively. They are also called accuracy classes. There is a "B" grade, which indicates a normal level of accuracy. The price of channel 16 different markings is different.
Series of hot-rolled profiles are economical, lightweight and special. They are supplemented with the corresponding markings “E”, “L” and “S”. The last marking “C” means the following: the customer has the right to independently choose the dimensions of the product “for himself”.
The mass of channel 16 of one linear meter is 15.3 kg , meters in one ton is 65.36 m . Weight deviations should not exceed +3-5%. The nominal standard width of the product is 160 mm.
What are the beneficial differences in size?
Buying a channel means significantly strengthening the structure being built and saving money for subsequent repair work. Profiled metal products have good resistance to several types of multidirectional loads. As a result of its use, the reliability of the structure increases significantly. Its strength is surpassed only by an I-beam.
Standard sizes are made of metal alloys. Carbon and low alloy steel are added. Factories produce 16 channels at different prices per meter. This is due to the different chemical composition of the product. This is why metal product markings were invented. Using them, it is easier for the customer to choose a type depending on the specific task.
Main areas of application
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Construction. Thanks to model 16, it is possible to increase the strength of the building, the reliability of various frames, structures, and roof elements. If there is a need to strengthen parts of the structure, the channel will provide indispensable help here. Supports, bridges, columns - here the standard size is actively used.
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Mechanical engineering. The metal product can withstand enormous lateral loads.
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Construction of railway carriages.
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Heavy industry.
Why should you order from Stal-Invest?
We work directly with the manufacturer. Thanks to this, our customers always have the required batches of channels at low prices. By calling (863) 308-94-58 , you will contact Steel-Invest specialists, who will advise you on size 16, tell you about the differences between channel 12, as well as the advantages of I-beams.
You can always order high-quality metal products for buildings of any need, in absolutely any volume, from Steel-Invest.
Source: https://steelfactoryrus.com/chem-otlichaetsya-shveller-u-ot-p/
Technical characteristics of the channel: main types, differences, weight per linear meter - SibNovStroy
Such a common element of many supporting structures as a channel is a U-shaped profile that can be made of various types of steel, including stainless steel. Channels can differ not only in size (a special table is used to determine each of them), but also in manufacturing technology.
We understand the range of channels
Channels are produced using cold-rolled and hot-rolled technology. U-shaped metal profiles of different brands also have differences in the design of the shelves. Thus, there are channels, the inner edges of the shelves of which are parallel to each other, as well as products, the shelves of which are made with a certain slope on the inside.
However, no matter what version the shelves are made in, the entire range of profiles with a U-shaped section is distinguished by high rigidity, combined with low weight. It is these properties that make it possible to successfully use channels of any size for the manufacture of highly loaded structures for construction and any other purposes.
The main advantages of U-shaped profiles include:
- high strength, ensuring resistance to bending loads;
- the ability to successfully withstand not only bending, but also multidirectional loads (rupture, compression, etc.);
- high resistance to shock loads, which can lead to mechanical damage to the structure (a metal channel, which is made with high quality and in accordance with GOST, has practically no weak points in its design that can cause its destruction from various loads).
Parameters of a channel with a slope of the internal edges of the shelves
With slanted shelf edges
Size chart for channels with inclined internal edges of shelves
(click to enlarge)
Explanation of the additional parameters shown in the table:
- I—moment of inertia;
- W is the moment of resistance;
- i is the radius of gyration.
Some features of choice
The range of channels, of course, is significantly inferior in variety to the range of angles, but this does not prevent the selection of a product of the required dimensions and characteristics to solve a specific design problem.
When choosing a specific brand from the assortment, you should be guided by the following rule, which is relevant for products of any profile: having decided on the type of channel that meets your requirements, you should include in the specification for the drawing the brand that is located closer to the beginning of the table.
The assortment, in which various types of channels are presented in table form, allows you to determine not only their sizes, but also a number of other important parameters:
- linear meter weight;
- cross-sectional area;
- axial moment of inertia;
- axial moment of resistance;
- radii of inertia.
The last three parameters are calculated relative to the central axis of the channel section.
Source: https://sibnovostroy.ru/oborudovanie/tehnicheskie-harakteristiki-shvellera-osnovnye-vidy-otlichiya-ves-pogonnogo-metra.html
Channel 10 - characteristics
Steel channel 10 is a type of shaped steel, having a U-shaped cross section and a wall height of 10 cm. Metal products are produced in two ways - hot rolling and bending of strip blanks. In the production of hot-rolled general-purpose channels, carbon steels of ordinary quality are used - usually St3 sp/ps.
For products intended for operation at high loads and/or low temperatures, low-alloy grades of type 09G2S are used. For the manufacture of a bent profile, steels can be used: ordinary-quality carbon steel, high-quality structural steel, low-alloy steel, alloy steel, as well as aluminum and its alloys, copper and its alloys.
Hot rolled channel: range and characteristics
Steel channel 10 is produced in accordance with GOST 8240-97. This standard provides for the production of an equal-flange profile with a slope of the internal edges of the shelves and with parallel edges of the shelves. A distinctive feature of the hot-rolled profile is its clear outer corners.
Table of dimensions and weight of channel 10
| Channel type 10 | Wall height, cm | Shelf width, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Shelf thickness, mm | Weight of 1 m channel 10, kg |
| With a slope of the inner edges of the shelves (U) | 10 | 46 | 4,5 | 7,6 | 8,59 |
| With parallel inner edges of shelves (P) | 10 | 46 | 4,5 | 7,6 | 8,59 |
| Economical, with parallel shelf edges (E) | 10 | 46 | 4,2 | 7,6 | 8,47 |
The “U” series profile has a slope of the internal edges of the shelves of 4-10%. By agreement with the consumer, this value may have more stringent limits. The walls of the profile products of the economical series are thinner than the walls of the products of the “P” series. Length – 2-12 m, by agreement with the consumer it can be longer. When calculating how much rolled metal with a U-shaped cross-section weighs, an average steel density of 7.85 g/cm3 is used.
Thanks to the thickening in the inner corners, the hot-rolled profile is able to withstand fairly high deflection and bending loads. However, a channel with a wall height of 10 cm in load-bearing structures is usually used only as an additional reinforcing element. This rolled metal product is in demand in frame construction, for the manufacture of frames for facing materials, reinforcement of foundations, installation of fences and stairs, in mechanical and machine tool building.
Bent channel: production features and characteristics
A bent channel, unlike a hot-rolled one, has rounded external corners, the same thickness of the wall and flanges, and is available in equal and unequal flanges.
Assortment table for equal flange bent channel 10
| Wall height, cm | Shelf width, mm | Wall thickness, mm | Cross-sectional area, cm2 | Weight 1 m, kg |
| 10 | 40 | 2,5 | 4,28 | 3,36 |
| 10 | 40 | 3 | 5,05 | 3,97 |
| 10 | 50 | 3 | 5,68 | 4,47 |
| 10 | 50 | 4 | 7,4 | 5,81 |
| 10 | 50 | 5 | 9,09 | 7,14 |
| 10 | 50 | 6 | 10,66 | 8,37 |
| 10 | 60 | 3 | 6,28 | 4,93 |
| 10 | 60 | 4 | 8,2 | 6,44 |
| 10 | 80 | 3 | 7,48 | 5,87 |
| 10 | 80 | 4 | 9,8 | 7,7 |
| 10 | 80 | 5 | 12,09 | 9,49 |
| 10 | 100 | 3 | 8,65 | 6,79 |
| 10 | 100 | 6 | 16,66 | 13,08 |
| 10 | 160 | 4 | 16,20 | 12,72 |
The blank for the manufacture of a metal bent profile is a strip - hot-rolled or cold-rolled. The second type of workpieces is characterized by greater dimensional accuracy and surface quality. However, even products made from hot-rolled strips have good dimensional characteristics and surface quality, thanks to the elimination of some defects during processing on roll forming mills. The areas of application of the bent channel 10 are determined by the material from which it is made:
- from carbon steels of ordinary quality and high-quality structural ones - production of frame structures intended for operation in moderate climatic conditions and under normal loads;
- from low-alloy steels - construction of facilities operated under high loads and in regions with cold climates;
- made of galvanized steel – creating structures intended for use in conditions of high humidity;
- made of corrosion-resistant steel - in architecture, landscape design, in industries with high requirements for hygienic cleanliness;
- made of aluminum and alloys based on it - in industries in which the combination of low weight, high corrosion resistance and fairly good strength is important.
Determination of the mass of channel 10
It is easiest to determine the mass of a linear meter of bent channel - equal or unequal flange, since the wall thickness in this case is equal to the wall thickness and is constant along the entire perimeter of the cross section.
How much a bent equal-flange and unequal-flange channel weighs can be calculated using the formula:
M = l *s*ρ , in which:
M – mass of 1 linear meter, kg;
l is the length of the cross-sectional perimeter, l = h+b1+b2, where h is the height of the wall (for channel 10 it is equal to 0.1 m), b1 and b2 are the width of the first and second shelves, for equal-flange products b1=b2;
ρ – average specific gravity equal to 7850 kg/m3.
The wall thickness and width of the shelves in bent products can be standard, or can be taken in accordance with the technical documentation developed for a specific project.
For hot-rolled products, in which the thickness of the flange and wall are different, the formula looks slightly different:
M = ( h *s +2b*t) *ρ , where
M – mass of 1 linear meter, kg;
h – wall height;
b – flange width (in hot-rolled products both flanges have equal width);
Source: https://TreydMetall.ru/info/shveller-10-kharakteristiki
Channel markings - explanation and designation
10.07.2019
Channel is a type of rolled metal widely used in private, civil and industrial construction. It has a U-shaped cross section. It is produced by hot rolling or bending strip blanks on profile bending mills.
Hot-rolled products are produced as equal flanges, with parallel inner edges of the flanges or located at an angle. Bent metal products can be equal-flanged or unequal-flanged. The channel has an alphanumeric designation, which displays: cross-section design, dimensions, GOST regulating production.
The marking also indicates: the grade of steel from which the profile product is made, and GOST regulating its production.
Explanation of hot-rolled channel markings
These metal products are manufactured in accordance with GOST 8240-97. In its marking, after the name of the metal product (“Channel”) there is a number indicating the height of the wall in centimeters. The size range is 5-40 cm. This indicator is also called the product number.
After the size in the designation there is a letter characterizing the design features:
- U - the internal edges of the shelves are located at a slope to each other, the slope is 4-10%;
- P – internal edges are located parallel to each other;
- L – lightweight type of rolled product, internal edges are parallel;
- E – economical series, also refers to products with parallel internal edges;
- C – special series, has sloped edges.
After the letter characterizing the design features of the rental, the accuracy of the rental is indicated through a hyphen. “B” – normal accuracy, “B” – increased rolling accuracy. Between the first number and the letter designating the structure, there may be a small letter “a”, which indicates the increased width and thickness of the shelf. At the end of the marking, GOST is indicated, to which the product range corresponds.
An example of designating dimensions and other characteristics of a hot-rolled channel: Channel 24L-B GOST 8240-97. This means that the product has a wall height of 240 mm, belongs to the light series, the rolling accuracy is increased, and the product properties comply with GOST 8240-97.
After the characteristics of the channel itself, the grade of steel from which it is made is indicated through a fraction, as well as GOST, which regulates its production. For example:
24L-B GOST 8240-97/St3sp GOST 535-2005. This metal product is made of carbon steel of ordinary quality, grade St3, the degree of deoxidation is “calm”. In the production of U-shaped hot-rolled steel, high-quality structural and low-alloy steels can also be used.
Rules for designating bent channel
Visually, products with a U-shaped cross-section, made from strip by bending on bending lines, are distinguished by rounded outer corners. The dimensions of an equal-flange bent channel and the features of its marking correspond to GOST 8278-83, unequal-flange - GOST 8281-80.
The designation of metal products made by bending differs from the marking of hot-rolled products.
Dimensions are displayed in formats:
- “Wall height x shelf width x workpiece thickness” – for equal-flanged products. All dimensions are indicated in mm.
- “Wall height x width of the first flange x width of the second flange x thickness of the workpiece” – for unequal flange metal products. Dimensions are in mm.
After the dimensions, the profiling accuracy is indicated: A - high, B - increased, C - normal. At the end of the labeling, write the GOST number to which the product corresponds. In the second part of the fraction, as for a hot-rolled channel, the steel grade used in the production of the metal product and the GOST in accordance with which it was manufactured are displayed.
An example of marking an equal-flange bent channel with a wall height of 100 mm, flange size - 50 mm, workpiece thickness - 4 mm, material of manufacture - St3 semi-quiet:
100x50x4 GOST 8278-83/St3ps GOST 535-2005.
An example of marking an unequal-flange bent channel with a wall height of 100 mm, flange sizes of 50 mm and 25 mm, workpiece thickness of 3 mm, material of manufacture – St3 calm:
100x50x25x3 GOST 8281-80/St3sp GOST 535-2005.
The full marking of the channel is indicated in the documentation accompanying the batch of rolled metal.
Source: https://spbrmk.ru/markirovka-shvellera-rasshifrovka-i-oboznachenie/
Channel designation - all information
When choosing a construction product, you need to know what types of it are in production and be able to recognize numeric and letter codes. To simplify this process, channel markings were created. Next we will tell you how it is used in practice.
What is a channel
A channel is a metal beam with a U-shaped cross-section. The main method of its production is shaped metal. It is carried out using two technologies, so the assortment consists of two large groups:
- hot-rolled elements - GOST 8240-97;
- bent - according to standard 8278-83.
The hot-rolled profile has high strength levels and is resistant to mechanical deformation and bending. Therefore, this category is used in the construction of critical and load-bearing parts of the building.
Bend creates less strong channels, so they are not used as support. But their other features are no worse than the hot-rolled version, and their low weight and economical price can be very beneficial in practice.
These are not the only differences between the two methods. When choosing a part for a specific purpose, you need to take into account its parameters, raw materials for manufacturing, and type of design.
Area of use
We have already mentioned the use of channels in different types of construction. Their main task is to strengthen concrete structures, increase the strength and service life of the building. In addition, channels are used to reinforce power lines, bridges, industrial buildings, and structures.
The catalog contains perforated products. They are equipped with special holes necessary for the rapid installation of structures without electric welding. Also, between the channel shelves there may be pipes for supplying utilities and cable lines.
Aluminum channels are relevant for light parts of a building, such as internal partitions, showcases, and shelving.
Geometric indicators
The state standard regulates all sizes of rolled metal products, according to production technology. The main parameters are:
- thickness, wall height;
- rolling length;
- internal corner radius;
- shelf curvature radius;
- thickness, shelf width.
There is also a distribution according to the level of rolling accuracy:
- marking “A” - high accuracy;
- "B" - increased;
- "B" is normal.
What sizes are there?
The dimensions of our products are varied, they are determined by the manufacturer and production technology. Typically used standard sizes:
- Element height. This is the name of the gap between parallel shelves, measured in millimeters. This parameter is in the range of 50-400 mm.
- The width of the shelf is the distance from the outer corner of the part to the end of the parallel-installed edges. Sizes of 32-115 mm are allowed here.
- Beam thickness. This indicator depends on the category, it can be 4.4 – 8 mm.
- Shelf thickness. According to the product labeling, it is in the range of 7-13.5 mm.
A standard channel is no longer than 12 m. Note that there are elements on the market with a higher value, but they are usually made to order.
Weight of products
The indicator is based on several parameters:
- length;
- width;
- the material used;
- the thickness of the cross beam and parallel shelves.
Part 12P, made of aluminum alloy and steel, can have different weight categories with the same external characteristics. There are also multi-shelf products, when the side edges have different heights. Of course, you can calculate the weight of such products, but only using specific formulas.
Standard metal beams weigh 4.8-48.3 kg. According to modern GOST and European standards, a deviation of 6.5% is possible for each piece, if the difference in the mass of the entire batch is no more than 4%.
Channel materials
According to the required characteristics of the finished product, it can be produced from steel of different grades.
If hot rolled steel is used, the main raw materials are the following types of steel St3 (quiet and semi-quiet): 09G2S, 17G1S, 10KHSND, 15KHSND. The last two names are lighter than the others and more resistant to corrosion.
Bending is carried out from the following varieties: St3ps5, 09G2S, 08ps, 1ps, 2ps.
Since all of the above alloys are sensitive to corrosion, galvanizing is used when necessary. Due to it, the service life of parts is increased, especially those used in open space, under conditions of high humidity.
Channel design features
Metal products have different shelf sizes and also differ in the location of their internal edges.
In terms of dimensions, there are 2 types of edges: equal flanges or with flanges of different lengths. The first category is more popular.
The internal edges can be placed perpendicular to the wall and parallel to each other, or obliquely. It follows from this that the designation of the channel helps to find out its parameters:
- The letter “P” is a rolled product with parallel edges.
- The letter “U” denotes the inclined edges of the channel.
What other brands are there?
We have named the main indicators, the most current options, but there are 3 more brands of parts:
- “E” (economical) - has thinner shelves and walls, is lightweight, and therefore inexpensive. The edges of its shelves are only parallel. If there is no need to support heavy structures, significant funds are saved on construction.
- “L” (light) – similar in shape to the previous one. Manufactured according to GOST, the main raw materials are light metals, for example, aluminum.
- “S” (special) - differs in its own dimensions, used in narrow areas: the construction of cars, cars (GOST 19425-74 and 5267.1-90).
Channel designation
Having considered the defining characteristics and parameters, we can take a closer look at the labeling. In accordance with the height of the wall, it can be located on a tag connected to a bundle (for parts up to 22 mm) or directly on the rental. According to the standard, it should be applied no closer than 30 cm from the end.
Products are stored, packaged, transported, and labeled only in accordance with special GOST 7566-94. The mark is written in the form of a fraction, and the name of the element is written to the left of it.
In the upper section the fractions are contained in order
- shelf dimensions in cm according to the assortment table in GOST;
- position of the edges;
- rolling accuracy level;
- standard according to which a specific product is manufactured.
The raw material data is presented at the bottom. From left to right it is written:
- metal grade;
- GOST alloy production.
For example, here: 30P-V GOST 8240-97/St3 sp4-1 GOST 535-88 we see a channel whose flange faces are parallel, with normal accuracy. The wall height is 30 cm. The rolling was carried out according to state standard 8240-97.
For production we used steel St3, semi-quiet, category 4, group 1, manufactured in accordance with GOST 535-88.
Bent channels are designated a little differently. Dimensions are written in the following form: height*width*thickness. These are followed by the element's accuracy level. For example, A100*50*3 GOST 8278-83/2-St 3sp GOST 11474-76.
Calculation of mass and cost using the example of channel 10
The part with the designation 10 is a very popular version of rolled metal. Its varieties and types are regulated by GOST 8240, created in 1989. The properties of the beam include the dimensions of the shelves and walls, rounding radii with a mark of 10U.
This channel is presented in three subtypes:
- U - with a slope;
- P – with parallel edges;
- E - budget-friendly products with parallel shelves.
Attention!
Each type of product is designated differently - 10P, 10U or 10E; the listed values are in a special table. The numbers are the same, but that doesn't mean the details are identical.
Most industries use the 10P option due to its compact dimensions. It is most suitable for load-bearing structures of individual construction. The number 10 indicates its height, which is 100 mm, and the letter P indicates the type of profile and placement of shelves. Main parameters of this type:
- width – 46 mm;
- wall thickness – 4.5 mm, shelf – 7.6 mm;
- curvature radius – 7 mm.
- The radius of the flange edge is 4 mm.
To calculate the weight, we need the cross-sectional area. It is equal to 10.9 cm square. The mass of 1 meter of metal beam with the designation 10 and a density of 7.85 g/cm³, according to calculations, is equal to 8.59 kg.
The permissible error is from 3 to 5%. The average price of one meter of such products is 365 rubles (2019).
How the area of use depends on the size of the channel
This type of rolled metal is used in many areas due to its strength, durability, and low weight. But different dimensions of parts relate to specific areas or have a special purpose.
Channel 8 is very compact, therefore suitable for individual construction as a concrete lintel. It can be part of the basis for the construction of windows and doors. Widespread due to its universal dimensions and strength, the part with the digital marking 10, made by hot rolling, is also widely used.
Channel 12 is made in the same way. Its main advantage is that it is easily weldable. It is used to enhance the load-bearing capacity of structures and to reinforce buildings. Profile 14 is produced on rolling machines. Its high rigidity is relevant for load-bearing beams and floors in high-rise and carriage construction.
Hot-rolled channel 16 is applicable for the construction of high-rise buildings and metal bridge supports. The dimensions of part 18 make it possible to use it as reinforcement on tall buildings, in parts with high loads.
Profiles 20-24 are highly durable. They are necessary for overloaded buildings and moving structures. For example, the 24th channel is used for the construction of sliding bridges and high-lift cranes.
Before choosing a rolled metal structure, remember that there are different categories of profiles.
Knowing the decisive characteristics, it is not difficult to find out the brand of the channel and the raw materials for its production by marking the channel. At manufacturing plants, rolled products are indicated with special tools.
Source: https://gostmetal.ru/news/oboznacheniya-shwellera/
What is the difference between channel grades “u” and “p”: what is common, what is the difference between channel “u” and “p”
The variety of types of various structural products used in the construction and industrial industries has a terminology that is quite difficult to understand, since some parts have different names or markings with differences that are not too noticeable at first glance. Within the framework of this material, we will look at channels designated by the brands “U” and “P”, analyze their main similarities and determine the difference.
Channel "P"
Channel “P” grade, which is a standard profile of structural elements based on iron and its alloys, has a characteristic “U”-shaped structure. This type of profile is used in the construction industry to give any vertical structures (wall, roof, etc.) greater stability.
Profile production takes place on machines in specially equipped rooms. For all products there is a ranking by strength class from “A” - the highest strength class to “B” - the usual strength class. The structure of the product is quite simple if you look at it in profile: it has a cross section of the wall (the upper “crossbar” of the letter “P”), as well as two “legs” called shelves in production.
Reference! There is also a classification of channels according to production method into hot-rolled, special, bent equal-flange and unequal-flange.
Channel "U"
Despite the different markings, the profile of this channel is not “U”-shaped. The letter in this case means the word “slope”, which can be seen by paying attention to the profile flanges. “U” is the standard form of the channel, and at first after production the product was not even marked in any way.
The inclined position of the shelves in this type of structure serves one purpose: to transfer the pressure exerted on the structure to its main body, reducing the overall level of load on the structure.
What common
In addition to the fact that both profiles belong to the same type of product, there are many common features between them. For example, both types of channels are made from the same steels under similar production conditions. Related to both types of construction is the scope of their application: construction.
Both brands of products are used to increase the strength of erected structures. The presence of the main “jumper” in this case can also be considered their common feature.
What is the difference between channel grade “u” and “p”
The main difference between the “U” and “P” brands will be the inclination of the shelves. The shelves of “P” brand products are located at right angles to the base, while the “U” shelves are inclined to it. From this main structural difference flows many others, which will be discussed below.
As mentioned above, the “P” brand channel began to be produced much later than “U”. This allows us to conclude that it has certain advantages over its “predecessor”. For example, “U”-shaped profiles are more convenient to use in structures that require a large number of bolted connections: this facilitates and speeds up the installation process. In addition, this type of construction is more resistant to deflections and provides the wall with greater rigidity.
Reference! It is believed that products marked “U” are produced today only because the equipment on which they are produced has not yet exhausted its working life.
Channels with parallel flanges are considered more economical, but producing them on old-style machines is unprofitable. According to experts’ forecasts, over the years, more and more manufacturers will produce profiles with parallel flanges, since old rolling equipment will become unusable, which will lead to the cessation of production of products with “sloped” flanges.
Source: https://otlichaet.com/materialy/shveller-marki-uipv-chem-raznica/
Steel channel 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20: production, dimensions, weight, price
Each house being built, regardless of the number of floors, must withstand a certain load, which includes the mass of all building materials. To strengthen the building, ensure the necessary strength of the walls and the entire structure, in the vast majority of cases, various types of channel are used.
Channel is a standard profile of structural elements made of rolled metal with standard “P”, “H” and “T”-shaped sections. It is used as the basis of a supporting structure in civil and industrial construction, mechanical engineering and other industries. Manufactured in accordance with GOST 8278-83 “Equal-flange bent steel channels”.
Types of rolled metal
For high-rise cottages, the channel plays a very important role as a load-bearing frame, responsible for the strength and safety of the structure.
Despite the weight of channel 10, 15 and other modifications used, the building material is capable of not increasing the load on the foundation, since it has a complex cross-sectional shape that distributes the weight evenly across all support systems.
This option is characterized by low cost due to the minimal consumption of steel alloys. Thanks to its universal shape, the product increases the resistance of beams subject to bending or tension.
Three types of material are considered the most popular:
- U-shaped;
- H-shaped;
- T-shaped.
In the first case, the modification is divided according to the type of rolling - cold and hot, the second option is made only of the hot-rolled type, the third is used to assemble an H-shaped product or separately.
Channel, GOST 2879-88 PP profile
A modification made in the image of the letter “P” is considered serial and, based on the production method, may have several serial subtypes. Hot rolled profiles are distinguished by the sharp corners of two parallel flanges connected to each other by the middle part of the element. The shelves of some modifications, such as the 10p channel, are located strictly at the same distance parallel to each other, while in others there is a slight slope into the inner area of the profile.
Subtypes of U-shaped products differ in the accuracy of hot or cold rolling:
- A – high-precision rolling series;
- B – average accuracy;
- B – standard rolling.
Building material series B, B - category of the best quality, meeting European standards. Cold rolled products include bent steel channels or, as they are also called, equal-flange.
Profiles of this kind do not have sharp corners, instead there are smooth bends. You can buy a bent channel in a specialized store, but many builders make the material with their own hands from a hot-rolled plate.
To complete the task, it is necessary to use a special device - a sheet bending machine, with a hot-rolled sheet as a basis.
Bent channel
The main advantage of a bent element is the ability to quickly correct defects in metal workpieces when processed on sheet bending machines. The element is also considered a more budget option.
H-shaped channel
The H-shaped metal element has several types of wall arrangement: parallel and at a certain angle. It consists of an alloy of aluminum, cast iron, carbon and low-alloy steel building materials. The hot-rolled channel complies with GOST standards in all parameters and in the composition of certain chemical components.
VIDEO: Hot rolled channel: GOST standards, dimensions, weight, price
Main types and modifications of steel channel
Each of the above rental products has a wide range, thanks to which you can select the required product without making a mistake.
Before this, you should accurately determine the shape of the building material that will subsequently be used for the construction of the structure.
For these tasks, manufacturers have created special markings, which include alphabetic symbols and several digital symbols that inform consumers of brief technical characteristics.
- The symbol “P” indicates the exact parallel arrangement of the guide steel shelves;
- “U” indicates a slight slope at a certain angle.
Experts recommend paying attention to the digital markings following the letters. The numerical designations indicate the exact internal distance between the guides. For example, channel ID 20 has a discrepancy between the two end flanges of 20 mm.
Based on the table values, you can determine the relationship between the weight of a linear meter of a product and its width.
| Series | Weight of 1 meter, kg | Moldings in 1 ton, m |
| 5 | 4,89 | 206,3 |
| 8 | 7,12 | 142 |
| channel 10p | 8,70 | 116,8 |
| channel 12 | 10,5 | 96,4 |
| channel 14 | 12,4 | 81,4 |
| channel 16 | 14,8 | 70,5 |
| 18 | 16,7 | 61,4 |
| channel 20 | 18,3 | 54,8 |
| 22 | 22,1 | 47,7 |
| 24 | 24,1 | 41,9 |
The product is also individually marked:
- “C” is a special material produced to order under certain parameters, regardless of standardized templates.
- “L” - light profiles, not intended to perform the supporting function of massive structures, are used exclusively in buildings with light loads.
- E is an economical option, in the manufacture of which a minimum amount of steel alloy is used in order to reduce the cost of the product. The result is a profile with thin flanges that do not meet standard parameters.
Profiles have three categories of dimensional poison: dimensional size, multiple of dimensional, unmeasured length. In the first two characteristics, there are no deviations in length exceeding 4 cm in variations with dimensions of 2-8 m. Unmeasured ones do not have similar criteria and are produced in standard sizes - 2-12 meters.
Where is steel channel used?
Rolled metal is primarily intended to serve as floor beams, reinforcing structures for access steps, and the construction of strong frame structures and reinforced house belts.
The channel is used in almost all areas, but it is especially in demand in construction. In the photo - strengthening of load-bearing structures with products with a U-section
It should be remembered that in order to perform any construction work that requires purchasing a channel 10 or another series, there are certain modifications with the corresponding technical characteristics and alloys.
To strengthen load-bearing walls or improve the strength of floors, experts recommend using hot-rolled steel products, since materials consisting of ferrous metal quickly collapse under heavy loads.
Bent profiles have a lightweight design, therefore they are intended for creating simple structures with a minimum degree of load. For example, for the construction of decorative devices, communication installations, or use as moving mechanical elements and objects.
Aluminum channel is used for lightweight structures
The product, made of aluminum alloy, which is obtained as a result of stamping, will serve as an excellent basis for light structures, where it will be used as a connecting part for various blocks. It is widely used in the process of installing drywall to improve sound insulation, insulate apartment walls, and cover the external facade with siding and other finishing building materials.
When purchasing a material, the user already assumes its subsequent use; all that remains is to navigate the digital designations.
Metal products with smaller numbers - up to 8, are often used as corners, with symbols 10, 12, produced without additional thermostatic treatment, suitable for reinforcement, channel 12P - used for small bridges, partitions with light loads. All values following channel 20 are intended for heavier frame structures.
VIDEO: Attaching a profile to a channel
Source: http://nagdak.ru/mater/shveller
Channel: marking profiles with U-shaped shelf edges
This common participant in a great variety of prefabricated structures undoubtedly needs no further introduction or annotation for true master builders.
And yet: sometimes “communication” with channels presents some difficulties regarding determining the markings and choosing the product necessary for the most clear implementation of the tasks assigned to the building material.
For example, what is better to use in a particular situation: a profile with parallel edges of the shelves or one with slopes? What is the correct way to select a hot-rolled steel U-shaped profile and its dimensions? Let's find out!
Hot rolled channel for building frame
Main settings
Roughly speaking, a channel is an all-metal profile with a U-shaped section of shelves (in appearance it resembles the letter of the same name - hence the name). It can be made of different types of steel and stainless steel.
This rental product differs in dimensions and dimensions (all information is in the special tables below), and in its technological characteristics and parameters: height, width, thickness, shelf inclination, as well as resistance and inertia, and some other data. The height of the product is greater than its width, as a rule, one and a half times or more (up to 3.5).
And the cross-sectional shape of the channel provides a high level of structural rigidity. This type of rolled metal is also used in the construction of buildings, structures of various sizes, as well as in mechanical engineering, as a rule, for the manufacture of metal structures. The product is used as a load-bearing element of floors and frames of various structures.
In addition, some brands are used in automobile and carriage construction, as well as for decorative purposes. To understand all this in detail, let’s carefully read the materials below.
Production technologies
There are cold-rolled (bent) and hot-rolled technologies for the production of these products. In the first case, the channel is obtained by cold profiling from appropriate blanks. In the second - using hot rolled profiles.
Also, U-shaped channels are different in their design. For example, there are products with parallel edges of shelves (brand P) and with inclined edges (brand U). Regardless of the options used, the range of profiles determines their low weight and excellent rigidity.
It is these properties that make it possible to use channels of different sizes for the manufacture of structures with increased loads for construction and other purposes.
Among the advantages of profiles is the ability to withstand bending, as well as various types of loads: for example, rupture or compression.
Basic principles
According to GOST No. 8240-97, the product range includes all-metal profiles with a wide range of possible parameters. With this variety on offer, it is quite difficult to make a choice: which brand is most suitable for its purposes. Of course, manufacturing companies take this nuance into account. Product marking is used to designate channels, and according to it, a complete picture is given of the characteristics and dimensions of U-shaped rolled products.
Marking “U” - inclined edges
According to GOST number 8240-97, the following markers are distinguished: 1) numbers, 2) letters. The numbers that come first in the designations “tell” about the distance between the shelves. The letter determines what type a particular product is.
- The internal edges of the shelves are inclined - the letter “U”. They are used mainly for high-strength structures in construction and mechanical engineering;
- The edges run parallel - “P”;
- Economical channels – letter “E”. Can be used for all kinds of frames;
- Light plan - “L” - in lightweight structures of various types;
- Special purpose - “C” - for frames and structures of a special nature.
If you need to find out the remaining parameters and profile sizes of a specific brand taken from the assortment, the tables where they are indicated will help (shown below - tables numbered 1-5). The selection of brands, as a rule, is carried out depending on the loads for which the structure made of channels and other material is intended.
According to GOST 8240-97, the geometric characteristics and dimensions of the P (parallel edges of the shelves) and U (slope of the internal edges of the shelves) series are practically the same. Their main difference is only in the radius of curvature. The key parameters in markings are width and height. Additional designations for the tables below:
- I—moment of inertia;
- W is the moment of resistance;
- i is the radius of gyration.
Deviation limits
According to GOST No. 8240-97, metal U-shaped profiles may have permissible deviations in their design. We offer information in the following table.
Tips: how to choose
Although the range of channels in a wide variety is somewhat inferior, for example, to the capabilities of the same corners, this is not an obstacle to the selection of products that meet your goals and objectives - the necessary parameters and characteristics. The range of channels presented in the form of the above tables will allow you to choose not only by size, but also by a number of other equally important characteristics:
- approximate weight of a meter of linear product (theoretically);
- cross-sectional area;
- axial moment of inertia and resistance;
- radius of inertia.
Important: try to select a brand of channel whose parameters will differ from those calculated by at least 5 percent. When these conditions cannot be met for the rental brands you have chosen, it is better to take products numbered one position higher.
Source: https://viascio.ru/materialy/shveller-markirovka-profilej-sp-obraznymi-granyami-polok
