How to knit fiberglass reinforcement

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement

​​​​​​Before starting the construction of a greenhouse, it is necessary to decide on the choice of material for its manufacture. The final decision is influenced by many factors: the availability of available building materials, the price of purchased materials, the type of greenhouse being built, its design and other circumstances.

Experience using arcs for a greenhouse in the video:

The materials used to construct the greenhouse frame are divided into categories according to group affiliation.

Made of wood

It belongs to the classic materials, currently being replaced by competitors. Wood has the following advantages:

• Environmentally friendly;
• Availability of building materials;

REFERENCE: Many manufacturers have recently been producing greenhouse frames from laminated pine, which is impregnated with an antiseptic. Treated and dried frames have a service life of up to 20 years. Also in specialized stores there is a wide range of various antiseptics with which you can independently treat a wooden frame.

• Acceptable cost;
• Ease of processing;
• Easy to replace damaged or failed elements;
• Using any covering material as a coating;
• The ability to construct a structure of any shape that is durable and stable.

Disadvantages include the fragility of the material, instability to external environmental factors - moisture, heat and time. For this reason, it requires constant processing.

Metal is very popular when constructing the base for a greenhouse. Due to its strength, wear resistance, reliability and durability, the material is used in the construction of stationary, long-term buildings. Using metal, you can build any greenhouse structure, both arched and pitched. The following metal products are used for frame material:

• Profile pipes. Ideal for any surface. The disadvantages are low corrosion resistance and the need to use special equipment (welding machine). To solve the problem of corrosion, you should choose a galvanized profile;

ATTENTION: To increase anti-corrosion resistance and increase service life, metal profiles must be painted with special paints. To reduce thermal conductivity, use only white paint.

• Steel pipes. However, in order to make an arched frame, you must have a pipe bender or the participation of a specialist with the skills to create even arches;
• Aluminum profile. The advantages include lightness, strength, corrosion resistance, unlimited service life, and no need for painting. Disadvantages - high cost, difficulty in welding;

REFERENCE: The use of bolts to connect parts leads to a significant reduction in the strength of the structure.

• Galvanized profile for plasterboard. Used by gardeners to create the basis of pitched and arched greenhouses. The material has all the advantages of a galvanized steel profile, but it is lighter and easier to assemble, since there is no need for welding equipment. The structure is connected with special self-tapping screws. It is necessary to use film coating on such frames with caution, since the sharp edges of the profile can cut the film;
• Metal fittings. Such structures do not require a foundation. They are distinguished by their mobility - easy to carry, assemble and disassemble. The disadvantage is the use of only film coating as a covering material.

Made of plastic

Most plastic products can be used as material to create a greenhouse base. Advantages of the material:

• Wear resistance;
• No corrosion;
• Does not require special care;
• Easy replacement of worn-out elements;
• Environmentally friendly.

However, they also have disadvantages: lack of durability and relative strength.

To build arched lightweight frames of film-coated greenhouses, various types of water supply and heating pipes made of polypropylene, PVC, polyethylene, including low pressure pipes (HDPE), are used. This material is not suitable for the construction of fundamental structures. The structural elements are fastened with adapters, clamps, self-tapping screws, and screeds.

ATTENTION: Despite the high strength, these structures are quite lightweight. If there is no reliable attachment to the base or ground, due to the large windage, the building can easily be demolished by a strong gust of wind.

You can also make a greenhouse frame from a PVC plastic profile. Such material is often left with gardeners after repairs or replacement of windows. Does not have the strength of a metal profile. However, it has all the listed advantages during operation and assembly, so it is completely suitable for creating decent greenhouse structures.

You can replace steel reinforcement to build a lightweight temporary greenhouse structure using fiberglass reinforcement. The material has a number of advantages, including lightness and corrosion resistance. Fiberglass reinforcement bends well, and when dismantled, it returns to its original shape.

When choosing arcs for a greenhouse structure from a wide variety of materials, it is necessary to rely on the type of building being built, the shape of the frame, the cash costs associated with the purchase of materials, as well as labor costs.

Greenhouse made of PVC pipes:

Source: https://betfundament.com/kak-vyazat-stekloplastikovuyu-armaturu/

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement for a foundation?

Composite reinforcement is one of the modern materials designed to replace expensive rolled metal and provide greater resistance to the negative influence of external factors. After this type of polymer rod began to be produced in Russia in 2012, interest in it from builders began to increase every year.

The use of fiberglass materials for the reinforcement of monolithic concrete structures is especially important in cases of possible exposure to moisture, since polymers are not susceptible to corrosion.

Plastic rods are used at individual development sites, during the construction of large buildings and structures, for coastal fortifications and highways.

In private construction, it is used to make reinforcing frames for strip and slab foundations, and also to reinforce masonry made of foam concrete blocks.

The material from which plastic fittings are made is a polymer mixture of longitudinal fiberglass of increased strength and thermally resistant resin. Standard diameters of produced rods range from 4 to 32 mm. Maximum operating temperature 60˚C. Tensile strength 150 MPa.

Preparation of materials for assembling the reinforcing frame

To increase the overall strength of a concrete monolith, it is reinforced with a structure made of fiberglass reinforcement in the form of a flat mesh or spatial frame, which is assembled from round rods of variable or constant cross-section. The individual elements of such structures are connected to each other using binding wire, fixing clamps or a special gun.

Therefore, to knit a reinforcing frame you need to purchase:

• plastic fittings of designed diameters;
• tie wire or tie clamps.

Unlike traditional metal rods, fiberglass reinforcement is supplied in the form of a coiled coil.

Therefore, before starting to assemble the frame, it must be unwound and cut into pieces of the required length. Cutting is done with a hacksaw or other tool that does not allow the material to heat up. Marking cut locations on the surface can be easily done using an ordinary marker.

The binding wire must be round in cross-section and have a diameter of at least 1 mm to ensure the necessary strength of the connection and not burst when twisted. To quickly obtain pieces of wire of the length required for knitting, the entire rolled coil must be cut into 3 or 4 parts with a grinder.

To make the binding wire softer, it can be burned in a flame using a blowtorch or in a fire. Unburnt wire bends worse and does not always provide a tight grip on the joint. In addition, unprepared metal has less ductility and is more likely to break during operation.

Knitting with clamps. General knitting pattern.

Wire tying tool

Using pliers for knitting is not very convenient. They do not provide the required connection coverage density and require a lot of effort. Therefore, steel wire is twisted onto reinforcing bars using special hooks or a knitting gun. Tool stores offer for sale two types of hooks designed for tying reinforcement:

• simple manual ones, which must be rotated all the time during operation;
• semi-automatic screw type, with a hook that rotates when you press the handle;
• plastic fasteners in the form of rings and vertical posts that fit onto the reinforcement.

Instead of buying a simple hook, you can make it yourself (read more about how to do this here), bending it from thick steel wire and sharpening the tip. In this case, you will have something to knit a project design from rods without purchasing a tool.

Source: https://FundamentClub.ru/armirovanie/stekloplastikovaya-armatura-dlya-fundamenta.html

Foundation made of fiberglass reinforcement: reinforcement rules

Fiberglass reinforcement is a modern alternative to reinforcing steel. It consists of rods made of thermosetting resins and fiberglass. The rods can have a periodic profile surface or a conditionally smooth one. In the first case, glass fibers impregnated with resins are wound onto a base. In the second, sand is applied to the surface. Both types of fiberglass rods have good adhesion to the concrete mixture.

Is it possible to use fiberglass reinforcement for foundation construction?

Rods are manufactured in the diameter range of 4-32 mm. The most popular products are with diameters of 6, 8, 10 mm.

Characteristics of fiberglass rods:

• The low specific weight and sale of the material in coils greatly facilitate its transportation and installation.
• Corrosion resistance. Thanks to this property, glass composite rods can be used in contact with aggressive environments without additional anti-corrosion measures.
• No coefficient of thermal conductivity. When laying reinforcing bars in concrete structures, which are additionally protected by thermal insulation materials, this characteristic is not important.
• No electrical conductivity. In the construction of residential buildings, this property does not play a special role. Moreover, in some reinforced concrete structures, special conclusions are made from the reinforcement for lightning protection or as an element of the grounding loop.

The use of this building material for reinforcing foundations has limitations due to a number of properties, including:

• Inability to bend the rods yourself at the construction site. This can only be done in a production environment. The solution is to make an angle by tying the rods together with steel binding wire or clamps.
• Weak resistance to elevated temperatures.
• Low fracture strength and poor resistance to tensile loads. Glass-composite rods are definitely not used to reinforce floor slabs and beams.
• Little experience in reinforcing foundations with composite reinforcement and a weak regulatory framework. There is no reliable information about the long-term use of this material. Elements of composites are subject to “aging”, so it is impossible to predict their behavior in the long term.

Many civil engineers believe that the use of fiberglass reinforcement for foundation reinforcement is justified only in cases where thermal conductivity and dielectric properties are important.

Construction of a strip foundation with fiberglass reinforcement

For the construction of slab foundations for heavy buildings, glass-composite reinforcement is not used. Such rods can only be used in the construction of strip foundations.

But even in this case, it is recommended to carry out careful engineering calculations taking into account the planned loads on the foundation of the house, soil characteristics and the proximity of groundwater to the surface. In case of close proximity of groundwater, heaving, subsidence soils, it is recommended to use steel reinforcement.

Even an experienced designer will not always be able to accurately determine the feasibility of using composite reinforcing material for the foundation due to the lack of appropriate SP and SNiPs.

How to properly reinforce a strip foundation with fiberglass reinforcement?

The technology depends on the type of base. Strip foundations are divided into two types - T-shaped (with a sole) and rectangular. In a T-shaped foundation, its wall works in compression, so glass-composite reinforcement can be placed in it. When constructing the sole, it is recommended to use reinforcing steel. Foundations with a rectangular cross-section work mainly in compression, so reinforcement with fiberglass rods is allowed for them.

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement for a strip foundation?

To bind polymer reinforcing bars, use:

• Knitting wire. Special annealed wire with a thickness of 0.8-1.2 mm does not lose its characteristics even after repeated twisting.
• Plastic clamps. Easy to use, do not require special skills. Their disadvantage is the lack of guarantee of maintaining integrity when pouring the reinforcement frame with concrete mixture.
• Plastic clips. Special products made from high-strength polymer materials. Provide reliable fixation of reinforcing bars.

The most acceptable areas of application of fiberglass reinforcement are: reinforcing masonry made of foam and aerated concrete blocks, strengthening coastlines, blind areas, and road surfaces.

Source: https://TreydMetall.ru/info/fundament-iz-stekloplastikovoy-armatury-pravila-armirovaniya

Reinforcement of the foundation with fiberglass reinforcement

Every year, more and more new materials enter the construction market that are superior to the previous ones in some characteristics. In the article we will consider such a material as composite fiberglass reinforcement, which is quite new for low-rise construction and domestic use. Many people are probably interested in the scope of application of fiberglass reinforcement (FRP), whether it can, for example, be used when laying aerated concrete walls or reinforcing foundations.

It should be noted right away that we will not consider the production technology of this type of reinforcement within the framework of this article. We will be more interested in the characteristics of fiberglass reinforcement and its scope.

The technology for producing composite reinforcement was developed back in the 60s, but due to the high price, it was used only in areas with harsh climates and at sites where steel reinforcement did not last long due to susceptibility to corrosion, for example, in bridge supports.

However, advances in the chemical industry have made it possible to significantly reduce the price of fiberglass reinforcement. In addition, in 2012, GOST 31938-2012 “Composite polymer reinforcement for the reinforcement of concrete structures” was adopted, which stimulated the growth of interest among developers in this material. The same document describes testing methods for fiberglass reinforcement for manufacturers.

So, in accordance with the standards, reinforcement is produced with a nominal diameter in the range from 4 to 32 m. Most often, in low-rise construction, fiberglass reinforcement with a cross section of 6, 8 and 10 mm is used, sold in coils.

Attention! According to the above-mentioned GOST, a number of requirements are imposed on the appearance of the reinforcement, according to which chips, delaminations, dents and other defects are unacceptable. Be careful when purchasing.

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Specifications

Construction fiberglass reinforcement is divided according to the type of continuous reinforcing filler: glass-composite (ASK), carbon-composite (AUK), combined (AKK) and others.

The following properties are important for fiberglass reinforcement, which should be taken into account when reinforcing the foundation of a house:

• The maximum operating temperature is 60 degrees Celsius and above.
• Tensile strength is the ratio of force to cross-sectional area. This value for ASK-type reinforcement should be 800 MPa or more, for AUK-type reinforcement it should be at least 1400 MPa.
• Tensile modulus of elasticity. Carbon-composite fiberglass reinforcement exceeds ASC reinforcement in this indicator by more than 2.5 times.
• Compressive strength. The property of all types of fiberglass reinforcement is at least 300 MPa.
• Ultimate strength at cross-section. ASK – more than 150 MPa, AUK – more than 350 MPa.

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Comparison of fiberglass and metal reinforcement

Considering the properties of composite reinforcement in comparison with steel, the following should be noted:

• Corrosion resistance. Fiberglass reinforcement is not afraid of either alkaline or acidic environments.
• Thermal conductivity. Due to the fact that SPA is made of polymers, its thermal conductivity is an order of magnitude lower than that of metal. Does not create cold bridges. For the harsh climate in Russia, the problem of freezing of walls and foundations is very relevant.
• Dielectric impermeability, electromagnetic transparency. Does not conduct electric current and does not interfere with radio waves.
• Weight. Fiberglass reinforcement is 8-10 times lighter than the corresponding metal reinforcement.
• Price. There is practically no gain in price. On average, fiberglass is 30% more expensive, however, according to manufacturers, the diameter of the metal fittings corresponds to a smaller diameter of the spa. Let's give an example: a meter of 8 mm reinforcement costs on average 11 rubles, and a meter of fiberglass reinforcement costs 16 rubles. However, instead of 8 mm, you can use 6 mm, and the price of 6 mm is on average 11 rubles. Therefore, when purchasing, the resulting cost will be the same as when using conventional fittings. Here is a table of correspondence between the diameters of steel and fiberglass reinforcement, mm:

composite	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20
steel	6	8	12	14	16	18	20	22	25

• Tensile strength. For steel reinforcement, this parameter is 400 MPa; accordingly, fiberglass reinforcement exceeds it in this indicator by 2-3 times, depending on the type.
• Seamless. There is no need to cut the reinforcement, since the bay is from 100 to 150 m long. The metal reinforcement is cut to the size of the car so that it can be brought to the construction site. As you know, when reinforcing, all connections are weak points. Therefore, it is better to perform reinforcement with a single structure. Thus, for example, you can install the foundation contour without connecting fiberglass reinforcement.

• You can buy exactly as many meters as you need to complete the work. You will not need to buy steel reinforcement, which is usually sold in a fixed length, for example, 12 m. Ie. You avoid overpaying for scraps if the entire material is not used.
• To install fiberglass reinforcement, you do not need a welding machine or other additional tools.
• Ease of transportation. As already mentioned, steel reinforcement is sold in rods, and fiberglass reinforcement is sold both in rods and in 100-meter coils, which even fit in the trunk of a car and weigh about 10 kg. Those. transportation of materials will not require freight transport.

• No cracks in reinforced concrete. This advantage is achieved due to close values ​​of thermal expansion coefficients.

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Disadvantages of fiberglass reinforcement

Along with all the advantages, fiberglass reinforcement has a very significant drawback: the fracture strength index is very low and cannot be compared with that of steel reinforcement.

Based on this, manufacturers most often clearly write the areas of application of their materials. Therefore, if you go beyond the indicated limits, you carry out work at your own peril and risk. In fact, fiberglass reinforcement is best used only in cases where there are requirements for corrosion, thermal conductivity and dielectric properties.

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Application of fiberglass reinforcement in construction

The use of fiberglass reinforcement in industrial construction is already firmly established, but in low-rise construction it is only gaining momentum.

From the above characteristics, we can clearly indicate where fiberglass reinforcement can be used, and where it is worth choosing a time-tested, more standard material - steel reinforcement.
For example, composite fiberglass reinforcement is actively used for bank protection and on sections of roads with aggressive exposure to reagents.

However, let us consider in more detail the scope of application of fiberglass reinforcement in cottage construction. Reinforcement is made using fiberglass reinforcement:

• enclosing concrete structures, cannot be used in floors and load-bearing structures;
• foundations;
• masonry made of aerated concrete and foam concrete.

It is worth noting that the use of spa for masonry reinforcement is highly controversial. Experts note that when laying walls made of aerated concrete, fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm or more can be used, but reinforcement with steel reinforcement must be done in the corners. Those. The result is a combination of steel and fiberglass reinforcement.

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In low-rise construction, rods with a diameter of 8 mm are most often used to reinforce the foundation with composite fiberglass reinforcement; this corresponds to 12 mm of steel reinforcement.

The first stage is preparing the formwork. In this case, it is recommended to wrap the formwork with glassine, which will act as protection, which will allow it to be used in future projects.

Next, using a water level, mark the level marks on the inside of the formwork to which the concrete solution will be poured. This way you can evenly distribute the concrete when pouring.

During the work, it should be taken into account that the reinforcing mesh must be completely located in the foundation at a distance of about 5 cm from the edges of the formwork; for these purposes, bricks are used that are laid on the bottom of the foundation.

The second stage is laying fiberglass reinforcement on the prepared bricks in two rows. As already noted, it is desirable that solid single rods without additional connections be used for reinforcement.

Therefore, after unwinding the coil with reinforcement, you can cut off as much as you need. Then we lay the crossbars - horizontal jumpers. We will knit using nylon clamps (plastic ties).

Next, we tie vertical rods, longitudinal and transverse, equal to the lower parts of the mesh. The cell size is chosen at 150 mm between the centers of the diameters.

The third stage is pouring the foundation with concrete, for example, grade 400 mortar. It is not difficult to calculate the required volume. It is enough just to calculate the perimeter of the foundation and multiply by the height and width.

Attention! When pouring, do not forget to periodically compact the solution to avoid the formation of air bubbles.

Final hardening time is usually 2-3 weeks. Therefore, it is not worth continuing work before this date. The foundation can be covered with film against rain and moistened with water in hot weather.

So, we looked at how to reinforce the foundation with fiberglass reinforcement. As already noted, the material is quite controversial and has not stood the test of time to date, so it’s up to you to decide whether or not to use it for reinforcement.

Healthy? Save it to your wall! Thank you for like!

Source: http://vse-postroim-sami.ru/building/fundament/2035_armirovanie-fundamenta-stekloplastikovoj-armaturoj/

Professionals reveal their cards: tying reinforcement with plastic clamps

Knitting the reinforcement cage is an important stage in the construction of the foundation. The strength and service life of the future structure depend on the correct choice of foundation formation technology and the correct choice of reinforcement. You should choose the optimal method for connecting plastic reinforcement. Since when using composite materials, a welded connection of the structure is an unacceptable option , other strapping options are used.

When using composite rods, you need to know how and with what to properly connect the frame elements.

There are several ways:

• with a crochet hook using traditional crochet wire;
• using knitting guns;
• plastic clamps;
• plastic clips.

Using a hook

For knitting, a special heat-treated wire with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters is used , which is quite plastic and does not lose its properties, even with repeated bending and twisting.

The rods are fixed with wire using a special crochet hook. There is also a screw hook, which allows you to mechanize the process and reduce the overall labor intensity.

But the use of this method is not rational for large-scale work, for example for a slab foundation.

Knitting gun

It is a more progressive method, unlike crocheting. A gun with a special wire, which is supplied on spools, facilitates faster connection , therefore it is used for large volumes of work.

Another advantage is the uniform tightening of the wire. Among the disadvantages, it is worth noting the cost of the equipment - on average from 25,000 rubles.

Plastic clamps

This method does not require special skills or special equipment, unlike wire tying, and also does not take much time and provides good fixation of the elements. Another advantage worth noting is the minimization of the use of corrosive materials. The negative aspects include:

• restriction of further actions when pouring the foundation, since walking on the reinforcement connected by clamps is strictly prohibited;
• no guarantee of maintaining the integrity of the connection during pouring.

However, it is possible to knit the reinforcement with plastic ties with a metal core , which add the benefits of wire knitting.

Using plastic clips

The plastic clip for fittings is made of durable plastic that is resistant to various climatic conditions and aggressive environments. They provide reliable fixation of the rods .

At the same time, the assembly technology is very simple - it involves pressing the rod until it clicks, which takes a little time. The downside is the inability to disassemble the frame without damaging the clip.

For strip foundation

Fiberglass is used to reinforce the strip foundations of individual small buildings.

The use of composite rods is explained by several reasons:

• minimizing corrosion;
• light weight of fiberglass;
• significant length of the rods, which allows you to get rid of joints on the horizontal load-bearing belt of the foundation, which are weak points when using metal reinforcement.

to completely get rid of the use of traditional metal reinforcement when laying a strip foundation Quite heavy, since the composite rods are difficult to bend without cracking.

There are special devices for bending, but for a single construction its use will not be profitable. Therefore, metal reinforcement with a diameter corresponding to the selected thickness of fiberglass is used in the corners.

Find out how to choose the right fittings here.

If reinforcement with metal rods is carried out at intervals of 10 to 20 cm, then reinforcement with fiberglass is carried out at intervals of 20-23 cm. According to building codes, rods with a cross-section of at least 12 mm are used for such purposes. But for foundations that do not bear large loads, a rod diameter of 6-8 mm may be suitable. It is recommended to use bars with a periodic profile to ensure high strength.

When forming load-bearing belts from fiberglass, two diameters of rods are used: the longitudinal parts of the frame are assembled from the larger diameter reinforcement, and the vertical and transverse parts are assembled from the smaller ones.

A frame with upper and lower chords is assembled, transverse rods are attached at equal intervals, but with a large step. Also, the top protective layer of concrete may not be 5 cm, but 2.5 cm.

An operation such as knitting a frame for a strip foundation is quite difficult to carry out alone, especially in the absence of experience. Performing this operation alone may have undesirable consequences. According to standards, reinforcement should be done by three people.

When using fiberglass reinforcement, you need to carefully approach the issue of connecting the rods. First of all, it is worth assessing the scale of the work - with a large volume of work, will it be advisable to manually tie the entire frame together? It is also worth considering some external factors, such as low temperatures, which preclude the use of clamps. The most universal way is to fix it with plastic clips.

Source: https://dom-s-ymom.org/stroitelstvo/konstruktivnye-resheniya/fundament/armatura/vyazka-stekloplastikovoj-arm.html

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement

Recently, fiberglass reinforcement is increasingly used in the construction of reinforcing frames for various concrete structures. Although the material is still considered innovative, working with it is quite simple, since fiberglass reinforcement can be knitted using exactly the same traditional methods as when working with steel rods (with the exception of welding):

• fastening with a knitting wire using a hook (simple or semi-automatic) or pliers;
• using an automatic knitting gun (economically feasible only when carrying out large volumes of work);
• using a homemade electric crochet hook based on a screwdriver, and so on.

However, many professionals recommend using plastic fasteners for tying fiberglass reinforcement: special clips or mounting clamps.

Knitting fiberglass reinforcement with clips

For proper tying of fiberglass reinforcement, special plastic clips are successfully used. Structurally, the product is a strip with clamps in which composite reinforcement rods are tightly fixed. This method of knitting is the simplest, most convenient and fastest.

The entire structure of the reinforcing frame can be easily mounted in prepared formwork; or prepare individual fragments, lower them into the formwork (compared to steel rods, this will be much easier to do) and tie them together. The reinforcing bars are fastened together with clips at an angle of 90˚: the frame design is smooth and neat.

Anyone, even an untrained person, can cope with the work, since you just need to insert the rod into the groove of the plastic clip and press it until it clicks.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODNPoO5-axA

The cost of one clip is 0.7÷0.9 rubles. Of course, knitting with regular wire will be cheaper, but using clips has a number of undoubted advantages:

• high speed of work and ease of installation;
• reliability of fastening;
• non-flammability of clips;
• non-susceptibility of products to corrosion and the influence of chemically active substances;
• immunity of clips to temperature changes;
• affordable price.

Attention! To make the frame strong and rigid, the clips must match the diameter of the fiberglass reinforcement used.

Knitting with plastic clamps

The use of mounting plastic clamps is the second simplest and fastest method of tying composite reinforcement. This knitting option will cost a little less than the method described above: one clamp costs about 0.5÷0.6 rubles per piece. To tie composite reinforcement with plastic clamps, we proceed as follows: simply tighten the clamp with force at the crosshairs of the reinforcing bars.

The connection is strong and reliable. In some places, to provide additional rigidity to the frame, we use two clamps at once, wrapped crosswise around the rods. It is better to remove the excess “tails” remaining after tightening using wire cutters.

If this is not done, a capillary will form around the end of the clamp protruding from the concrete structure, through which moisture will get inside (this negatively affects strength and durability).

Knitting composite reinforcement when reinforcing screeds

When reinforcing concrete floors, thick screeds or slab foundations, tying fiberglass reinforcement is very simple using special plastic racks. In addition to the fact that each rack itself is a vertical reinforcing element, it is also used to knit longitudinal rods.

Crimp latches located along the edges of the rack securely fix the rods at right angles. In this case, there is no need to cut small pieces of reinforcement and then knit them between horizontal layers.

One such rack is quite expensive (14–15 rubles), but the convenience and speed of work compensate for all costs.

Attention! To reinforce thin ties, you can use special C-shaped clips for fiberglass reinforcement. The shape of this fastener allows for sufficient clearance between the base and the reinforcing mesh made of composite rods.

Bent elements made of fiberglass reinforcement

Since plastic reinforcement is supplied in rolls (50 or 100 m), there is no need to bundle longitudinal supporting rods: you can simply cut a piece of the required length. When arranging a reinforcement frame for a strip foundation, □-shaped vertical clamps are often used as transverse reinforcing elements, and L- and U-shaped additional elements are needed to strengthen the corners and junctions.

It is impossible to independently produce such bent elements from straight fiberglass rods (the reinforcement will either break or return to its previous state after the bending force is removed). It is possible to give any shape to a fiberglass rod only at the stage of its production in a factory. Therefore, it is necessary, in accordance with the sketch, to purchase the required number of ready-made bent elements.

Knitting of additional fastening elements of the reinforcement frame can be done using knitting wire and a regular hook or plastic clamps.

On a note! If you do not find bent fiberglass elements of the required sizes or shapes on sale, you can make them yourself from ordinary steel reinforcement (you will have to purchase a small amount).

The variety of fastening elements that are used for tying fiberglass reinforcement allows you to choose the method that will be convenient for you (both in a technological and material sense).

Source: https://zamesbetona.ru/armirovanie/kak-vjazat-stekloplastikovuju-armaturu.html

Step-by-step steps for knitting fiberglass composite reinforcement

You will need ordinary knitting wire, which can be purchased at any construction market, or plastic clamps. Here are some simple recommendations that will help you easily carry out this process yourself:

• For the transverse rods of the lower layer of fiberglass reinforcement, special reinforcement clamps are used. They can be installed at the beginning of work, having previously measured the size of the cells, or after the frame has been assembled.
• The distance between the horizontal and vertical grid lines depends on the type of building foundation. As a rule, it ranges from 15 to 35 cm. These dimensions are suggested by the pattern of knitting reinforcement for a strip foundation. In rare cases, the distance reaches 60 cm.
• Place the split rods at the required distance from each other and mark them with a marker. Attach jumpers to them with clamps or wire at right angles.
• Attach the jumpers to the frame not from above, but from below. Tighten the clamps or wires tightly so that they do not come apart during the pouring of the cement-sand mixture. Remember that this directly affects the final strength of the foundation.
• After the first row of the mesh is ready, you can proceed to the remaining components of the frame. Perpendicular jumpers must be fastened in the same way on the inside of the cells. This way you will get a reliable structure that will not move in all directions while pouring concrete.
• Particular attention is paid to the corners. Many people have a question: how to properly knit fiberglass reinforcement in these places if bending it is not recommended? In specialized stores today you can purchase ready-made elements that are easily installed before starting work or during frame assembly. If this is not possible, then remember that in the corners it is only allowed to knit reinforcement with your own hands and without any thermal influence.

The process of knitting fiberglass reinforcement is simple and will not take much time even for an untrained person.

Good luck with your construction!

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement with your own hands

Tying reinforcement begins with a reinforcement drawing.

In the drawing we see the distance between the transverse reinforcement, vertical reinforcement, the length of the longitudinal reinforcement and the distance from the edge - the distance of the first transverse reinforcement.

According to the project developed by builderclub.com specialists, we have the following dimensions:

• Longitudinal reinforcement f10 4 rows of 2 rods with a pitch of 35 cm;
• Transverse reinforcement f8.

Let's start work

Fiberglass reinforcement is supplied in rolls of 50-200 meters, depending on the order.

Please note that one end of the skein is tightly tied, the other end is simply twisted into a common skein, this is the beginning.

We throw the reinforcement along the ring as shown in the photo - from left to right, then you won’t get confused and unwinding will go quickly.

Cutting the longitudinal reinforcement

An assistant presses one end against the side of the formwork, the second person pulls the reinforcement and cuts it off, making an indent of 2 cm from the edge

This way we cut all the longitudinal reinforcement.

Next we cut the transverse reinforcement

We retreat 2 cm from the width of the formwork (in this case, the width of the formwork is 40 cm, we get the length of the transverse reinforcement 38 cm)

The quantity according to the drawing is 76x4 = 304 pcs.

To cut transverse reinforcement we make a device:

This is a steel tube F16 with cuts along our length of transverse reinforcement.

Next, with one hand we close the hole in the tube with a block and cut the reinforcement to size, the assistant pushes this piece - we pull it out, then close it and cut it off.

In the same way we cut vertical reinforcement, in our case 113 cm.

Let's move on to knitting reinforcement

Making a knitting machine.

In our case, these are 4 boards of 6 meters each - according to the amount of longitudinal reinforcement, with marks of 5 cm from the edge of the board and 35 cm - this is the pitch of the longitudinal reinforcement.

We mark the distance from the edge of the vertical reinforcement to be 800 mm and the pitch of the vertical reinforcement to be 450 mm.

We fix the longitudinal reinforcement.

We tie the reinforcement with 100 mm plastic ties.

We fold the knitted one to the side in pairs.

Next, we tie the longitudinal reinforcement with 0.5-0.6mm knitting wire

We place the longitudinal reinforcement as vertically as possible (you can adjust it later). We knit with a loop at the bottom, at the top and crosswise. We place a 4 cm block under the longitudinal reinforcement (according to the project, 5 cm from the edge of the formwork, formwork 40 cm, transverse reinforcement 38 cm and a 4 cm block = we get 5 cm).

After the first binding.

Remove and set aside.

We turn the pair over (since the 5cm indentation must coincide with the indentation of the pair)

We place it on the machine, fix it, and place the pair with the attached longitudinal reinforcement on it, with the ties facing up.

We place a 4 cm block and tie transverse reinforcement.

We get 30 cm between the longitudinal reinforcement.

Put the tied one aside.

We put the tied frames into the formwork and tie the corners

In the very corner, at a height of 115 cm, we tie the lower longitudinal ones to them, tie the vertical reinforcements at the bottom, and tie the rest of the corner from the top.

In our case, such frames were knitted within 2 working days.

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement?

Now it's time to start installing a strip foundation. It was decided to use fiberglass reinforcement as reinforcement. From this reinforcement you need to first connect the mesh, and then the frame. The longitudinal and transverse rods will have the same diameter of 8 mm. But how to knit fiberglass reinforcement, what methods are there?

For tying reinforcement you can use:

• plastic clamps;
• knitting wire.

I chose the second method because it seemed simpler to me. Therefore, I bought galvanized binding wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm (in my opinion it is a little thin, you need to take 1 mm).

The fittings of the appropriate size were cut in advance with marks at the attachment points.

For knitting, I used a homemade crochet hook that I made and an old screwdriver.

Then everything is simple, I cut the knitting wire about 10 cm long, fold it in two and knit the reinforcement.

Using a crochet hook, you need to carefully press the wire loop so as not to break it.

As a result, I got meshes made of reinforcement.

Now you need to tie the meshes into a frame. The grids must be installed on the edge. If you do this work yourself, then you need to provide additional support (in my case, these are pegs that I simply drove into the ground).

To make the frame take a more or less stable position, I fastened the mesh in three places - at the beginning, in the middle and at the end.

When the frame is completely ready, it needs to be laid in the formwork, the main thing is not to confuse it and position it correctly - so that the grids are in a horizontal position.

Source: https://1pofundamentu.ru/kak-vyazat-stekloplastikovuyu-armaturu.html

How to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation

The strip foundation is a concrete casting in the form of a continuous strip of rectangular cross-section, repeating in plan the shape of the load-bearing walls of the house.

The result is a strong and reliable support that can withstand significant loads.

In terms of money and labor costs, strip bases are the best option, allowing you to get the maximum effect with a minimum investment.

These advantages have rightfully brought the strip foundation to a leading position.

Based on a conventional strip base, several additional types have been developed that expand the capabilities and scope of the design.

Do I need to reinforce the strip foundation?

Concrete is a specific material that can easily withstand very high compressive loads, but has low resistance to tensile loads. If a bending force is applied to a concrete strip, then one surface will be under pressure, and the opposite surface will be under tension.

As a result, the tape will crack and break. A frame made of reinforcement, a strong rod of metal or composite materials, the surface of which is covered with slight corrugation to improve adhesion to concrete, will help to avoid this.

Reinforcement is a spatial lattice of rods located inside the tape at a short distance from the outer edges of the concrete (usually 5-10 cm, depending on the size), taking on tensile loads.

Without it, even a relatively small bending force will break the tape, which will have a fatal effect on the condition of the walls of the house . Foundations are not made without a reinforcement frame.

What is mating

The main work is performed by longitudinal reinforcing bars. In order to hold them in the desired position until concrete is poured, vertically located rods with a smooth surface and a smaller diameter (clamps) are used.

To assemble the frame, the knitting method is used, connecting rods into twisted wires. An alternative is the welded connection method, but it is more expensive and requires a connection to the power line.

In addition, welded joints do not withstand load changes that are possible during concrete hardening and are capable of breaking, while twisted wires have a small degree of freedom that compensates for material movements.

Connections by welding are required only for rods with a diameter of more than 25 mm, which are not used in private housing construction.

Reinforcement requirements

The requirements and conditions for performing the work are set out in detail in SNiP 52-01-2003.

The list of conditions and requirements is quite wide, but the main ones include:

• The shape and dimensions of the tape must ensure the standard geometric placement of rods with a given pitch.
• Do not immerse the rods too deeply or shallowly into the body of the tape. The maximum dimensions and tolerance fields are detailed in the SNiP tables.
• Use only suitable rods whose parameters correspond to the calculated parameters.
• At the intersections of the rods located at the corners or junctions of the frame lattice, strong connections must be ensured. "Floating" rods are not allowed.
• The distance between the rods must comply with regulatory requirements and ensure free distribution of the concrete mass during pouring. Placing the rods too close can create air bubbles, which reduce the load-bearing qualities of the tape.

Choosing fittings

The most common sizes of concrete strip used in low-rise private housing construction are 30-40 cm wide and 50-70 cm high. The best option is to use longitudinal rods with a diameter of 12-14 mm, and for clamps use a smooth rod with a diameter of 8 mm.

Such results are obtained when calculating the foundation; they have been tested many times in practice and are guaranteed to perform their functions.

There is also composite reinforcement (fiberglass), which has some advantages over traditional metal rods:

• Light weight.
• Completely resistant to corrosion.
• High load-bearing capabilities.
• Low price.

The only disadvantages include the inability to bend, which in some cases necessitates additional connections, which reduces the strength of the frame and is generally not the best option for a concrete strip. However, for foundations of simple shape, the choice of composite reinforcement is completely justified and rational.

Choosing material for knitting

The best option is annealed galvanized steel wire, which allows for a strong and reliable connection. It practically does not stretch, is resistant to corrosion and is not too rigid, which is important when working for a long time with a large number of connections.

There are no fundamental restrictions on the thickness of the wire; they are usually chosen based on the principle of ease of use . For reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12 mm, it is customary to use wire with a thickness of 1.2 mm; for thicker bars, the thickness of the wire is increased.

The main selection criterion is the rigidity of the material, which determines the performance and ease of use. Excessively hard material causes fatigue, which reduces productivity.

Usually wire is sold in coils, but there are also blanks - pieces of wire with rings at the ends, making work easier.

There are also plastic clamps that significantly speed up the process of connecting the frame. Specialists do not like to work with them, since they do not have sufficient strength and are capable of breaking under load, which is often discovered already during the pouring process.

Tools

For hand knitting, a special hook is used. It can be purchased at a hardware store or made independently. It is a piece of wire with a bent and slightly pointed end, which is inserted into a wire loop and rotated, tightening the connection.

There are mechanical devices in which the hook rotates from a manual drive, powered by the reciprocating movement of the handle.

For large volumes of work, special knitting guns are used . The hook rotates using an electric motor installed in the device body. Power is provided by batteries; direct mains power is inconvenient and is used only in certain cases.

Often, knitting guns are replaced with conventional screwdrivers, clamping the hook into the chuck of the device.

Knitting patterns

Knitting patterns are practical techniques for twisting a wire loop. There are several schemes that differ slightly from each other and represent options for positioning the hook relative to the wire.

This or that scheme does not in any way affect the result, being, in fact, the most convenient way for a given person’s motor skills to perform a simple operation. If the loop is twisted not clockwise, but counterclockwise, this cannot in any way change the quality of the connection, so there is no point in considering possible options.

How to install correctly

The reinforcement tying process consists of the following elements:

• A piece 25-30 cm long is separated from the coil of knitting wire.
• The segment is bent in half.
• The resulting half-loop is placed under the crosshairs of the reinforcing bars and wraps around it diagonally.
• The hook is inserted into the loop, the free end is held by hand.
• The free end overlaps with the hook, which makes rotational movements. As a result, the wire loop twists and firmly connects the rods. Usually 3-4 turns are enough.

When connecting rods longitudinally, similar actions are performed, only the loop coverage is not diagonal, but transverse. It is recommended to install at least 2 twists on each longitudinal connection.

Fiberglass reinforcement

For tying fiberglass rods, both tying wire and plastic clamps can be used. The weight of the reinforcement is significantly lower than when using metal rods, so plastic clamps can withstand loads and are recommended for untrained builders who have no experience in knitting frames.

All knitting techniques used to connect metal rods are also used in the manufacture of fiberglass frames. There are no fundamental differences.

Composite reinforcement

First of all, it is necessary to clarify that fiberglass reinforcement also belongs to the composite type, being one of the varieties. In addition, there are carbon fiber and basalt plastic reinforcement that have similar qualities.

Their difference is that they are always painted in a dark (black) color, while fiberglass rods have a light yellowish color. All techniques and methods of knitting used for traditional metal frames are also applicable for these types of reinforcement.

The only difference between all composite varieties can be considered the impossibility of making welded joints. In addition, there is the possibility of wider use of plastic clamps instead of wire connections, which is due to the low weight of the material.

How to install at foundation corners

The corners of the reinforcement frame are critical nodes that carry additional loads in transverse planes.

For reinforcement, the following are used as reinforcing elements:

• Reinforcing mesh.
• Individual reinforcing bars (anchors), bent at the desired angle.

In practice, anchor reinforcements are more often used, which can be made directly on site from the same reinforcement that is used for straight sections. Conventional tying methods are used to connect anchors to adjacent frame parts.

L- and U-shaped clamps, special couplings or welded corner design elements can also be used. In private housing construction, the most common are conventional corner anchors, which are accessible and allow the use of the same tying technique.

As an option, instead of additional elements, straight reinforcing bars are bent if their length allows this type of use . This eliminates the need for additional connections, which increases the strength of the corner unit and improves the reliability of the frame as a whole.

Source: https://expert-dacha.pro/stroitelstvo/fundament/lentochnyj-f/vyazka-armatury.html

The use of fiberglass reinforcement for the foundation: how to knit, can it be used

When constructing a new building, it is important to equip a high-quality and durable foundation. For this task, different materials can be used, the main thing is that they are reliable and can withstand heavy loads. In modern construction, the use of fiberglass reinforcement for foundations is widespread.

What is fiberglass reinforcement

Fiberglass reinforcement for foundations is produced on the basis of composite materials and is sold in the form of longitudinal rods with a thickness of 4-18 mm. Their surface is covered with notches or winding.

To manufacture such structures, two components are used:

1. Fibers from various inorganic raw materials.
2. Polymer additives with a thermoplastic or thermosetting structure.

A strong base for the rods is made from binding elements, which give the final product the required strength properties.

The areas of use of fiberglass products are quite extensive. Construction of foundations for residential and industrial buildings is one of them. With the help of such reinforcement, you can give the foundation additional strength and reliability.

Depending on the materials used in the production process, the following types of composite reinforcement are distinguished:

1. Fiberglass.
2. Basalt-composite.
3. Aramidocomposite.
4. Carbon composite.

There are combined options that contain different components. The most popular type is the fiberglass variety, which resembles the structure of wood. Along the length of the rod there are fibers that contribute to the formation of a single base.

Benefits and where to use it

The popularity of using fiberglass reinforcement for strip foundations is associated with a lot of advantages, including:

1. No vulnerability to corrosive processes. Due to this property, fiberglass can be used in environments with high humidity or other aggressive influences.
2. Small dimensions and weight. This facilitates comfortable transportation and use of the material. The reinforcement process does not require much human power. The material is easily wound into coils and easily delivered to the construction site.
3. Affordable price. Composite products are much cheaper than their steel counterparts.
4. Increased strength properties. Fiberglass reinforcement is characterized by high strength, which is 2-2.5 times higher than the strength of metal rods with the same cross-section.
5. Low thermal conductivity, resistance to electric current. Concrete structures are not able to protect the building from heat loss, and they are additionally insulated with insulating material, so the low thermal conductivity properties of the composite do not play a big role. The non-conductivity of electricity is an important point that protects the building from discharges.

However, in addition to the positive features, reinforcing a strip foundation with fiberglass reinforcement also has disadvantages:

1. The structure is not resistant to bending, so it is not able to absorb tensile loads. Since the reinforcement is laid on a concrete surface, it is already subjected to extreme tension.
2. The areas of use of the material are limited, since it can only be installed in tension.
3. Fiberglass is not suitable for the construction of large-sized and multi-story buildings. Therefore, it is most often in demand when solving simple problems by beginners.
4. Inability to use welding equipment to connect elements. In most cases, welding is used in the construction of large frames. The method of step-by-step knitting of rods is suitable for arranging the foundation of a private house.

The material appeared relatively recently and is considered not fully studied.

Application areas include both residential and industrial construction. The use of fiberglass reinforcement in the foundation is in great demand, which is associated with a number of advantages over concrete structures.

In private construction, products are needed to strengthen:

1. Concrete structures that perform enclosing functions. In this case, it is prohibited to use material for reinforcing load-bearing structures.
2. Foundations of strip or other type.
3. Foam concrete or aerated concrete masonry.

Calculation of fiberglass reinforcement

To calculate the amount of reinforcement for a strip foundation, you need to take into account a number of important nuances and be guided by the joint venture “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures”.

The calculation is performed in two stages:

1. GPS. Determination of the load-bearing capacity of the structure and assessment of the ability of the foundation to cope with loads.
2. GPS. Determination of rigidity indicators. This stage involves taking into account deformations and the size of cracks in products with a reinforced concrete base.

Most of the compressive loads are absorbed by concrete, and fiberglass reinforcement is used to combat destructive processes.

Leading manufacturers of reinforcement report such advantages as strength, but do not talk about the elastic modulus, which affects the deformability of the structure.

Foundation reinforcement

To determine whether it is possible to use fiberglass reinforcement for a strip foundation and how to knit fiberglass rods with such a base, you need to consider that there are two types of base with tape:

1. Rectangular.
2. T-shaped.

In the second type, the installation of reinforcement is carried out without preliminary calculations, and the sole is designed to absorb bending loads. The material can be sewn into the wall, but when installing it into the sole you need to be especially careful.

Tools and materials

Before you start knitting a strip foundation, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:

1. The measuring device is a tape measure.
2. A device for adjusting and processing rods is a grinder.
3. Personal protective equipment.
4. Water type level.
5. Plastic clamps for fastening rods.

Excavation

Before starting reinforcement, you need to prepare a recess, guided by the layout of the future building. The bottom surface needs to be leveled and compacted, then pour a layer of sand (10-15 cm), pour liquid over it and compact it. The next layer will be crushed stone with a similar thickness. After compacting the top covering, a reliable cushion with a flat plane is formed at the bottom.

Construction of formwork

The surface of the walls is covered with parchment, which is fixed with a stapler. The purpose of this material is to maintain the cleanliness of the boards and combat the leakage of liquid from the concrete screed.

Next, marks are placed on the walls that will determine the level of concrete pouring. You should follow this line when installing reinforced elements. To perform the work more accurately, you should use a water level.

Knitting technology

To understand the knitting technology, you should take into account the simple advice of experienced specialists and adhere to the following algorithm of actions:

1. Before starting knitting, you need to prepare drawings of the frame and cut all the elements, following the calculations.
2. To position the cross bars in the lower layers, clamps are used. They are secured both before the installation of the fittings and after completion of the assembly.
3. The diameter of the cells is determined by the parameters of the tape that is being strengthened. In most cases it varies from 15 to 30 cm.
4. Before connecting the longitudinal rods, they need to be laid out on the ground and marked on them at the places where the transverse parts are attached. During the knitting process, you must maintain a right angle.
5. The transverse elements are fixed with the longitudinal ones on the bottom side. To ensure reliable reinforcement, plastic clamps or wire are knitted as tightly as possible.
6. First of all, it is necessary to prepare the horizontal layers of reinforcement, and then begin securing the vertical ones. Fixation is carried out from the inside of the cells to increase the reliability of the structure.
7. Corners need to be given special attention. Experts recommend not bending them by exposure to temperature, as this may worsen the strength properties.
8. After completing the knitting of the reinforcement structure, it must be placed inside the formwork.

If fiberglass reinforcement is knitted using wire, then to make the work easier, it is better to use a crochet hook. An old screwdriver can play its role.

Construction of reinforcement cage

When arranging the frame, you must adhere to the key requirement - the product must be completely filled with concrete, maintaining a distance between the walls of the formwork of at least 5 cm. To prevent reinforced elements from being placed at the bottom of the recess, bricks should be secured, and longitudinal rods and horizontal cross members should be placed on top of them. These elements are connected using plastic clamps.

Pouring the foundation

At the last stage, you need to pour concrete into the formwork with a frame. It is important to carry out this action with extreme caution, placing it in the free cavities between the parts of the frame. It is also necessary to periodically pierce the concrete with rods to remove air bubbles.

Comparison with metal fittings

When conducting comparative tests of reinforcement made of steel and composite materials, the following features exist:

1. Steel products are afraid of corrosion processes, and composites can withstand any aggressive environment.
2. Metal allows cold to pass through, and composite products have a low degree of thermal conductivity.
3. The weight of fiberglass reinforcement is several times lower than the weight of steel analogues.

When choosing a material for reinforcement, all factors must be taken into account. With a long list of advantages, innovative fiberglass structures also have disadvantages, and the classic metal version has been used for many decades.

Source: https://1beton.info/maloetazhnoe/fundament/stekloplastikovaya-armatura

How to knit fiberglass reinforcement for a foundation - Builder

The popularity of the question of how to most correctly knit fiberglass reinforcement to strengthen the foundation and other concrete structures is due to the fact that this material is increasingly beginning to be used in both capital and private construction. Many of those who are going to use this innovative material are also interested in the question of how effective its use is for reinforcing the walls of buildings built from block building elements.

The reinforcing frame of a slab foundation is one of the areas of use of fiberglass reinforcement

The history of the appearance of fiberglass reinforcement in construction

Fiberglass reinforcement is actually not new to the construction market; it was developed and began to be produced back in the 60s of the last century.

However, its high cost at the time of the start of production contributed to the fact that it was used for reinforcing only those structures in which steel reinforcing elements were subject to active corrosion: concrete structures operating in harsh climatic conditions, bridge supports, etc.

Fiberglass reinforcement will be the best solution for the construction of concrete structures in contact with sea water

The active development of the chemical industry has led to the fact that over time the cost of production of fiberglass reinforcement has decreased significantly, which has made it possible to begin to use it more actively.

The widespread use of this material was facilitated by the fact that in 2012 a state standard (31938-2012) was approved, according to which requirements are determined not only for production, but also for testing methods of fiberglass reinforcement.

According to the requirements of the above regulatory document, reinforcement made of fiberglass materials can be produced in the diameter range from 4 to 32 mm.

But the most widely used, especially in low-rise construction, are products with a diameter of 6, 8 and 10 mm.

Unlike similar steel products, fiberglass reinforcement is supplied to the customer not in the form of individual rods, but wound into coils.

SP reinforcement: comfortable, light, stable and elastic

In addition to the technical characteristics of fiberglass reinforcement, the regulatory document specifies requirements for the condition of its external surface. According to these requirements, chips, delaminations, dents and other defects are not allowed on the surface of such products.

Material characteristics

Reinforcement made from composite materials, depending on the continuous reinforcing filler used for its manufacture, is divided into several categories:

• glass composite, which is abbreviated as ASC;
• carbon composite, designated AUK;
• combined or ACC;
• and a number of other categories.

Physical and mechanical parameters of polymer reinforcement of various types

When choosing composite reinforcement to strengthen the foundation or walls of building structures being built, you should take into account its main characteristics:

• the maximum temperature at which these fittings can be effectively operated;
• the tensile strength of the product, measured in tension; this parameter is calculated as the ratio of the applied force to the cross-sectional area of ​​the reinforcing bar; for products of the ASK category it must be at least 800 MPa, and for AUK reinforcement - at least 1400 MPa;
• tensile modulus of elasticity; for carbon composite reinforcement this indicator exceeds the similar characteristic of fiberglass products by more than 2.5 times;
• the tensile strength of a product, measured during its compression; for all types of composite reinforcement this indicator must be at least 300 MPa;
• tensile strength of reinforcement, measured in cross section; for various types of composite reinforcement this indicator should be: for ASK reinforcement - 150 MPa or more; for AUK - more than 350 MPa.

When deciding which reinforcement to use to strengthen the foundation or walls of a building, you should compare the characteristics of traditional metal and fiberglass products. Compared to metal ones, fiberglass reinforcement has the following advantages:

• exceptional resistance to corrosion: a foundation reinforced with composite reinforcement is not afraid of interaction with acidic, salty and alkaline environments;
• Having low thermal conductivity, fiberglass reinforcement does not create cold bridges, which is a particularly relevant quality for the operation of buildings in the climatic conditions of our country;
• the materials used for the manufacture of fiberglass reinforcement are dielectrics, therefore the foundations and walls for which it is used are absolutely transparent to radio and electromagnetic waves;
• the weight of composite reinforcement is significantly lower than the weight of products made of metal; the strength of fiberglass reinforcement rods is almost 2–3 times higher than that of reinforcement made of metal;
• due to the fact that composite reinforcement is supplied to the customer in coils of 100–150 meters, when strengthening the foundation with its use, it is possible to minimize the number of joints, which, as is known, are the weakest points in any concrete structure;
• purchasing composite reinforcement is more economical due to the fact that you can buy exactly the volume that you need to strengthen the foundation or walls of your building, without focusing on a fixed length of rods, as is the case with metal products;
• the coefficient of thermal expansion of composite materials is almost identical to that of concrete, therefore, practically no cracks occur in the structures for which they are used for reinforcement.

If we compare the cost, then the costs of using metal and fiberglass products are almost the same.

Comparison of metal and fiberglass reinforcement (click to enlarge)

The most significant disadvantage of reinforcement made from fiberglass is its rather low fracture strength, which limits its use for strengthening heavily loaded concrete structures.

Features of using composite reinforcement

Reinforcement, which is made of composite materials, is mainly used to strengthen strip or slab foundations in low-rise construction. This is explained by the fact that this reinforcement, due to its relatively recent appearance on the domestic construction market, has not yet been studied much and has not been tested by long-term practice of its use.

Before proceeding with the installation of the reinforcement cage, it is necessary to prepare the formwork for pouring the future foundation. This procedure is carried out according to the standard scheme, as in the case of using metal reinforcement.

To reinforce strip foundations of small buildings, composite rods with a diameter of 8 mm are mainly used, which corresponds to 12 mm metal products.

First of all, meshes are knitted from such rods, from which a reinforcing frame is then mounted.

Fastening the reinforcing mesh using tie wire

When using rods made of composite materials, it is important to know how to knit fiberglass reinforcement so that it forms a reliable frame that effectively strengthens the concrete structure.

Elements that will allow you to reliably and correctly tie such a structure can be plastic clamps or ordinary knitting wire.

The choice of one option or another depends only on personal preferences and the availability of certain devices at hand.

How to make a reliable frame for a foundation

In order to correctly make a base for a strip foundation for which fiberglass reinforcement will be used, you can watch a training video and use simple recommendations. So, the algorithm for manufacturing such a frame is as follows.

• Before knitting reinforcement, you need to draw up a drawing of your future frame and cut all the elements for its manufacture to exact dimensions.
• The transverse rods of the lower layer of the reinforcement frame are positioned using special clamps. Such elements can be installed both before the assembly of the reinforcement frame begins, having previously measured the size of its cells, and after it is ready.
• The size of the cells depends primarily on the size of the strip foundation that you are going to strengthen. This size can vary within a fairly wide range: 15–30 cm.
• Before knitting, it is better to first lay out the longitudinal bars of the reinforcement skeleton on the ground and make marks on them with a marker in the places where the transverse elements will be fixed to them. When you start knitting the reinforcement, you should make sure that the elements are fixed to each other strictly at right angles.
• Transverse jumpers must be knitted with the longitudinal elements of the frame on their lower side. In order for the reinforcing skeleton and, accordingly, the future foundation to be reliable and stable, plastic clamps or knitting wire at the joints should be knitted more tightly.
• Initially, horizontal layers of the reinforcing frame are made, only then should they be knitted together with vertical jumpers. It is also necessary to fix the vertical lintels on the inside of the frame cells; this will allow you to end up with a reliable and stable structure that will not corrode during the process of pouring concrete and will perfectly perform its reinforcing functions.
• Corners are a special place in the reinforcing structure, and they need to be given special attention. It is not recommended to bend fiberglass reinforcement yourself under the influence of heat, which can have a very negative impact on its strength characteristics. Therefore, it is better to knit the corner elements of the reinforcement skeleton from already bent rods, which can be purchased today, or carefully bend them without exposure to heat.
• After the reinforcement structure is completely ready, it must be carefully placed in the inside of the already prepared formwork.

Scheme of reinforcement of strip foundation corners

Scheme of reinforcement of strip foundation junctions

If you knit elements of the reinforcement frame using wire, then to make your work easier you can make a crochet hook, for which it is convenient to use an old screwdriver. How to make such a hook and knit a reinforcing frame with it can also be found in the corresponding video.

Making a reinforcing frame from rods made of fiberglass is a simple process, as can be seen even from the training video, which shows in detail how to knit it.

To work with a material such as fiberglass, you do not need special tools and complex equipment; it is easy to cut and knit, and it is lighter in weight than reinforcement made of metal.

In any case, when choosing such material to strengthen the foundation or walls of your house or building for any other purpose, you should keep in mind that you are doing so at your own peril and risk, since fiberglass reinforcement has recently appeared on the domestic construction market, and its characteristics have not yet been determined. fully confirmed by the duration of use in practice.

Source: https://strojchik.ru/kak-vyazat-stekloplastikovuyu-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta.html