How to properly twist wires in a car

Useful accessories for a screwdriver

A screwdriver is a device necessary not only in everyday life, but also in specialized areas of life. In itself, it is indispensable, but nowadays special devices for a screwdriver have been invented that make its work more efficient and productive. This makes it possible to create a universal tool, using it for unusual tasks in the future.

Magnetic attachment

When using a screwdriver, you often have to hold the screws so that they do not fall off the bit, thus risking the safety of your fingers. If handled carelessly, you can get, if not serious, then unpleasant injury.

The magnetic attachment makes it possible to hold the screws in place even with rough handling. Ideal for vertical drilling.

Stripping and twisting - 2 in 1

In order to connect wire strands, you must first clear them of insulation. After this you need to twist them. This is all a slow process that sometimes takes forever. But the original nozzle will cope with this work in the shortest period of time. This equipment is ideal for cleaning and twisting wires.

Chamfering

This tool is similar in external design to a pencil sharpener. It is used for chamfering rods and other rolled metal with a round cross-section. This will help with damaged threads or straighten the end of a cut bolt.

This device is extremely useful for cutting plastic and thin layers of metal. It is divided into two working areas and has a convenient handle that can be rearranged.

Drill sharpener

This device allows you to quickly and reliably sharpen drills at the correct angle without the risk of damaging them. It consists of a guide conductor and an abrasive, which rotates and sharpens. A reliable device that will be useful to any man.

Installation of rivets

A screwdriver with such an attachment can easily turn into a high-quality rivet tool. You won’t have to spend extra money on additional devices and allocate extra space for them. The tool does an excellent job and is highly popular.

Important! Each of the devices presented above can be easily purchased in specialized stores or in the Aliexpress online store.

Source: https://technosovet.ru/dlya-remonta/shurupovert/poleznye-prisposobleniya

How to properly harden and swim: instructions for beginners

In order not to get sick in winter, to become physically resilient and to have a cheerful spirit, you need to harden yourself. This process is gradual and requires compliance with basic rules. And after hardening, you can take up winter swimming and dive into an ice hole in the coldest weather.

Hardening brings great benefits. Its mechanism of action is based on irritation of receptors, located in large numbers on the skin, and affecting the entire body. The procedure increases the tone of the dermis and cardiovascular system, reduces arrhythmia. Strengthens the nervous system and gives a boost of energy for the whole day.

Accelerates metabolic processes in the body and promotes weight loss. Hardening activities lead to strengthening of the immune system and improve resistance to viral diseases. The thermoregulation system, whose work is based on maintaining a constant body temperature relative to external environmental conditions, copes faster and better.

But hardening must be done correctly. 

Contraindications for hardening and winter swimming

Hardening is a stressful situation for the body. And this procedure is not suitable for everyone. Instead of a positive effect, when the body is strengthened and rejuvenated, irreparable harm is caused. There is an exacerbation of chronic diseases, a cold appears, which can turn into inflammation of the respiratory system.

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There are a number of contraindications for those who should not engage in hardening:

• autoimmune diseases such as vasculitis, lupus erythematosus and others;
• diseases of the genitourinary system and respiratory organs;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system - coronary heart disease, obliterating diseases of the peripheral arteries and heart failure.

Elderly people should approach the procedures with caution. A sharp temperature contrast leads to heart attacks, strokes, and the development of diseases of the nervous or cardiovascular systems.  

There is always an alternative to hardening - sports with moderate loads. After all, the main goal is to strengthen the body, and not to harm yourself.  

If the body does not tolerate cold well

Hardening with cold water gradually develops the habit of not reacting sharply to cold. However, there are people who have a very difficult and slow time adapting to low temperatures.  

This depends on several factors:

• A small layer of fat. The natural protective barrier does not stop the cold. It affects the internal organs and causes severe chills. If there is anemia and hypothyroidism, when the thyroid gland is not active enough.  
• Raynaud's phenomenon. It leads to vasospasm in the extremities.  

Many diseases are treatable. It is necessary to eliminate the cause so that it does not feel bad after dousing with cold water. Only a healthy body will benefit from hardening and give a good mood.  

How to temper yourself correctly

It is important to follow the basic recommendations for dousing with cold water so as not to harm your health and strengthen the body. 

Rule No. 1: Start hardening only when the body is healthy

If you have chronic diseases in remission or the body has not fully recovered from a cold or viral disease, you should first wait for a complete recovery and only then begin hardening procedures. 

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Examine the body.
A contraindication to cold dousing is the presence of serious damage to the skin. These include purulent inflammation. Exposure to ice water will cause an even larger abscess. People who suffer from high eye pressure experience vasospasm after exposure to cold. This leads to serious complications, including retinal detachment.

For those suffering from high or low blood pressure, you should be careful not to provoke a crisis. 

It is advisable to undergo an examination by a doctor before starting hardening and get his recommendations. 

Rule #2: Temper up gradually to avoid stress

Not everyone is accustomed to endure being doused with cold water steadfastly and with pleasure. It is important to have a positive attitude towards getting healthy from the very beginning. To maintain a positive mood, start small - with your morning wash.

If you are in the habit of using water at room temperature, then lower it by one degree every day. This will not lead to stress, will give you vigor and motivate you for further more extensive hardening.  

Rule No. 3: Maintain regularity and do not take breaks

Hardening is a system. It starts with something small: washing, wiping with a cold towel or dousing your feet. Everyone decides for themselves which method to choose. Gradually the body gets used to the cold. This process must not be disrupted. Once we started, we need to continue.

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Long trips, outdoor recreation or other changes in location should not become an obstacle to the hardening process. If there is a break, you will have to start again.

Winter swimming rules

Winter swimming is a quick dive into icy water or a short swim over a short distance. The body instantly loses heat and not everyone can withstand such an event. They prepare for it thoroughly.

After long-term and daily procedures of small exposure to cold water on the body, it is prepared for even greater cold loads. 

To switch to winter swimming:

Start taking a shower. First, cool water - 36°C. Lower the temperature by 1°C every day. After dousing, move actively to increase blood circulation. Rub your body with a dry and warm towel to warm up.  

Stay warm. Drink hot tea and warm your feet. Avoid alcoholic drinks.  

Go out into the frosty air every day, lightly dressed. Walk for 2-3 minutes at first. Gradually increase the duration to accustom your body to the cold.   

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When you feel ready to dive into the hole, follow the rules:

• Warm up well with physical exercises before swimming. Wear shoes when going to the dive site so as not to get hypothermic and not get injured on the ice. Don't dive in head first. It contains cold-sensitive vessels. Spasm and serious health consequences are possible. Only experienced walruses allow themselves to dive headlong.
• After swimming, be sure to dry yourself with a warm towel and do active exercises. 
• Then rub your body. The direction of movement is from the limbs to the body. Massage your lower back, stomach and chest clockwise.  
• Active actions after diving make the blood circulate faster and the blood vessels dilate. 

Good health, vigor and high spirits indicate that the preparation for winter swimming went well. Continue diving into the ice hole, but no more than 3 times a week. Exposure to low temperatures causes stress in the body and requires 1 to 3 days to restore resources.

If the chill from the cold does not go away after diving, then the body needs additional time to get used to the ice water.
It is worth resuming dousing with cold water and holding off on swimming in the ice hole. During the coldest months of winter, take a break to avoid hypothermia and illness. An alternative to diving is running for several kilometers and active sports. Published by econet.ru

*Ekonet.ru articles are intended for informational and educational purposes only and do not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult your physician with any questions you may have about a medical condition.

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Source: https://econet.ru/articles/kak-pravilno-zakalyatsya-i-morzhevat-instruktsiya-dlya-novichkov

Why it’s better not to solder wires in a car - what to do

Additional electronic equipment in a car is connected by wires using twists. Even experienced auto electricians try not to solder wiring on electrical appliances, as this is quite dangerous.

Why is soldering dangerous?

There are several negative aspects when soldering electrical wiring can be dangerous:

• soldering on an electrical wire that constantly vibrates when moving may fall off;
• microcracks appear, which often cause short circuits and fires in the car.

Inexperienced repairmen connect twisted wiring with a regular soldering iron and wrap the soldering area with electrical tape. Water gets under the insulation and destroys the soldering. After this, the contact disappears and the connection is broken.

There is also a risk of fire when working with a soldering iron inside a car - one wrong move and the dashboard can melt and catch fire.

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What kind of soldering of electrical wires can be used in a car?

Experienced auto electricians say that in rare cases it is still possible to solder auto wiring, but this must be done with a special soldering iron and not use electrical tape, but use soldering or heat shrink.

This is a complex method, but it guarantees safety and reliability. Electrical wires connected using heat shrink do not oxidize or break, maintaining good contact at all times.

The principle of this method:

• a solder is put on one end of the electrical wire;
• the veins are twisted together;
• the solder is pulled onto the twist and heated with a hair dryer until solder appears;
• when the solder becomes liquid and plastic, heating must be stopped;
• the tube will tightly grip the connection and prevent moisture from entering it.

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It's better to twist

For power cables and headlights, soldering is the best option, but for low-current electrical wires it is necessary to twist them correctly.

The twisted areas must be well insulated and tied to the main harness to prevent unnecessary vibration.

You need to twist the wires in a certain way:

1. It is good to clean and level the metal conductors. Strip the braid at a distance of 1.5-2 cm from the junction.

   You can use a stationery knife, but you need to do the work carefully without damaging the thin veins.

2. After straightening, the veins should look like a broom.
3. We connect the 2 metal ends so that the wires are mixed.
4. With our hands we tightly twist the wires together along the entire length.
5. We tightly insulate and seal.
6. We put heat shrink on the connection.

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Every driver should learn how to make correct twists and solder only power cables. The ideal option is crimping, which securely holds the wires together and does not require a soldering iron.

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Source: https://lada-xray2.ru/sovet/pocemu-v-mashine-lucse-ne-paat-provoda

Electrical wiring diagrams in a private house: self-installation according to instructions

A modern home is a network of communications, the intersection of all kinds of wires, pipes of various diameters and cables, each of which has its own purpose.

The uninterrupted functioning of household electrical appliances and intra-house communications depends on the reliability of the electrical network. Its installation and switching must be entrusted to a specialist electrician.

But, given that the process is simple, someone with basic knowledge of the functioning of the electrical network will be able to install electrical wiring in a private home independently.

DIY electrical wiring installation

The construction of the house is carried out in several stages. The installation of communications begins after the box - walls and roof - has been erected. Wiring installation is carried out in accordance with a pre-drawn step-by-step diagram. When you have doubts about your own abilities, you need to invite a professional.

You need to have a simple set of tools and know how to use them. Compliance with safety precautions is mandatory. For work you will need electric and manual tools and protective equipment:

• angle grinder (grinder);
• wall chaser for selecting grooves in concrete and brick walls;
• hammer drill for drilling through holes in walls and selecting mounting grooves and holes;
• wire crimping pliers;
• insulation stripper for stripping cable ends;
• hammer, pliers, side cutters;
• screwdrivers, knife for working with wires;
• a reliable stepladder for mounting lamps and chandeliers;
• protective gloves and a respirator if you plan to cut grooves.

Step-by-step instruction

Installing electrical wiring in a house involves a sequence of actions. Before getting down to business, it is imperative to develop an action plan, divide all work into successive stages and strictly follow the plan.

Also, at the stage of creating step-by-step instructions, it is necessary to create a list with an approximate list of necessary accessories and consumables. The exact amount of material that is purchased for moldings will become clear after marking the walls and taking measurements.

Circuit markup

Work begins with surface marking of laying places, cable switching, points of single intersection of communications, installation areas of circuit control elements and electrical distribution points: switches, sockets, chandeliers, lamps, junction boxes, panels. It is convenient to mark with colored chalk - highways are indicated by one color, fittings - by another.

After the diagram is transferred from paper to the walls, “bottlenecks” will be discovered - points of intersection of electrical wires with other communications: heating water pipes, ventilation gutters, etc. Contact of conductive elements with metal components of intra-house communications is strictly prohibited. Places of possible contact and areas inconvenient for work can be bypassed and, if necessary, moved.

It is impossible to save on laying cables using the “shortest route”; it is customary for electricians to lay hidden lines from sockets and switches horizontally and vertically; this will help in the future to facilitate the installation of decorative elements and household items mounted on walls: paintings, cabinets, shelves, mezzanines.

Wall work

The volume of chiselling work depends on the type of wiring being laid in a brick house: it can be open or hidden. Chiseling, the most labor-intensive and traumatic part of the activity, involves working with electric tools.

It is necessary to observe safety measures: use protective equipment, take a stable position while working, using cutting and chiseling tools above floor level, use stable ladders, reliable stepladders, scaffolding. It is better to bypass narrow and inconvenient places for working with power tools.

Open wiring

If the power supply to a private house is carried out over the walls, it is necessary to select holes for embedded elements in which the wires will be laid - cable channels, corrugated pipes, brackets, baseboards. The open type of wiring is considered less labor-intensive, but its significant drawback is the disruption of the aesthetics of the premises by external electrical installation elements.

Hiding wiring with plasterboard panels leads to a significant loss of volume in residential premises. For open installation, it is necessary to use special corrugated pipes and cable ducts made of non-flammable plastics.

Closed wiring

When electrical wiring is carried out in channels specially selected for this purpose in the thickness of the walls, it is called closed. Carrying out the preparatory part, you will have to make a lot of noise and create dust: making grooves in the brick for the wires and using a core drill to select holes for mounting internal sockets and switches is a difficult task. The laboriousness of the process is justified by the end result - the beautiful aesthetics of the interior upon completion of the renovation.

It is impossible to electrify a wooden structure (a log house or a structure made of timber) in a closed way; laying wires in the thickness of the tree is strictly prohibited. In order not to spoil the aesthetics of the premises, retro installation is used as an option - twisted wires are fixed on special porcelain insulators. Sockets and switches are installed on dielectric porcelain pads. Junction boxes must be fireproof.

Preparing the wires

Before wiring, you need to decide on the material of the wires: copper or aluminum. It is advisable to lay main carriers of the same type; the copper-aluminum strands will heat up and weaken. In damp rooms (bathrooms, basements) the situation will be aggravated by oxidation. In cases where it is necessary to connect different metals, special mounting strips or tubular connecting crimp lugs are used.

Before purchasing cables, you need to make lists of group consumers (electrical appliances that will be located in each room) and calculate their total power. This will help the sales consultant suggest wires of the required cross-section. Excessively thick - not needed, because... will greatly increase the estimated cost of wiring in the house. In addition, they are much rougher and inconvenient to work with.

Kinds

Wires are divided according to the material of manufacture:

1. Aluminum. Cheap, their disadvantage is fragility and lower electrical conductivity compared to copper.
2. Copper. They are flexible and can withstand several twists and impacts from bolted mounting strips.

By appearance:

1. Flat. They are used when hidden installation is envisaged: slotting work is labor-intensive, and flat cables require less installation space in the grooves.
2. Round. Needed for installation of open type wiring.

By type of conductor:

1. Single-core. The current-carrying core is solid. Well suited for replacing electrical wiring in a private home as well as creating a power supply system in newly built premises.
2. Stranded. The core consists of several thin wires combined into a bundle. These cables are extremely flexible and can be installed in sharp bends. When connecting on mounting strips and automatic cutters, the ends of stranded wires are sealed into tubular lugs so that the bolts do not crush the bundle and do not cut off individual wires with sharp edges.

A caveat: it is more convenient to work with multi-colored wires, especially when installing sockets with a grounding conductor.

Which ones to choose

You shouldn’t be zealous and buy something overly fashionable and technologically advanced - just choose non-flammable conductors with double insulation (brands VVG, PVG) and a cross-section from 3 to 5 mm.

Input cable

The cable that powers the house from the overhead line is called the input cable; it must withstand the total load of the connected facility. The input cable is laid from the power line pole to the input panel. Installation to the panel is carried out independently; it is connected to the power line by a specialized team of electricians.

The self-supporting insulated wire (SIP) used to make the input comes in cross-sections of 10.16 and 25 mm. The SIP is fixed with special tensioners; its stripping and switching by twisting is not allowed; piercing clamps must be used.

Grounding

A grounding loop is required to minimize the risk of electric shock to people. Modern facilities use three-pole sockets with a grounding pin connected by a grounding conductor to the circuit.

How to make a grounding loop in a private house

The grounding loop consists of metal pins (electrodes) driven into the vertices of an equilateral triangle drawn on the ground. At the soil level, the electrodes are welded together using rolled wire. The grounding circuit must comply with the operating rules for electrical installations.

The distance between the electrodes and their depth depend on the electrical conductivity of the soil in which the circuit is installed; Installation values ​​must be clarified with the service organization. After installation, the electrical laboratory tests the circuit for compliance with standards.

Residual current system and circuit breaker

In the electrical wiring diagram in a private house, 2 types of protective devices against electric shock are used:

1. RCD - residual current device. Cuts off the line in case of leakage.
2. RCBO - residual current circuit breaker. Shuts down in case of leakage, overloads and short circuits.

RCBO is a complex and expensive device, which, in addition to its purpose, also performs the functions of an RCD. For a private house, installing an RCD will be sufficient.

Distribution boxes

Distribution boxes are necessary for arranging connections of electrical wires and distributing lines leading to electricity distribution facilities. In boxes, wires can be connected by twisting or fixing with bolts on special mounting strips. The boxes limit accidental access to connections and prevent the spread of fire in the event of overheating of connections and short circuits.

Installation and switching of cables and structures

Electrical wiring in the house is connected to each other using the following method:

1. Soldering. Soldering is not used for in-house installation; it is an expensive and labor-intensive process.
2. Twisting. The easiest way to install wires from the same material. Copper and aluminum cannot be twisted - the connection will heat up.
3. Connections on terminal blocks. Reliable, simple and inexpensive installation method. Terminal blocks of various types, shapes, types and sizes greatly simplify installation.

Connecting lighting sockets

Electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands should eliminate confusion: each wire, zero-phase-ground, must be in its place, they cannot be confused. To prevent this from happening, you should focus on the difference in the color of the cores.

Switchboard

All wires converge to the switchboard: power input from outside and group consumers from inside the house. You need to equip the switchboard with cut-off machines yourself. The number of machines must correspond to the number of group consumers. It would not be superfluous to provide backup machines.

To facilitate switching and prevent errors when changing installation, the ends of the cables must be marked with temporary nameplates (markers with a mark on the purpose of the wire); they can be secured to the end of the wire with cable ties or duct tape. After installation, the information from the nameplates is transferred to a plate fixed on the switchboard door.

Testing and commissioning

Electrical laboratory specialists check the functionality of the installed in-house electrical network. After the tests, a protocol is written and a report on the test results is issued. If the test wiring did not pass, the report will indicate a list of shortcomings that need to be eliminated. After they are eliminated, the check is repeated.

Conclusion

Based on a clearly drawn up action plan, it is not difficult to carry out electrical wiring in the house with your own hands. It is worth paying maximum attention to creating a plan and considering each of the stages of the proposed work.

Even the smallest details need to be written down on paper. If possible, you should consult with electrical specialists or friends who have independently installed electrical wiring.

Watch also the video on how to make electrical wiring yourself

Source: https://vodatyt.ru/elektrika/v-chastnom-dome.html

Connecting a twisted pair cable to a connector. Correctly crimping the Internet cable

When crimping a network cable (twisted pair) and an 8p8c connector, you must follow the correct sequence (pinout, color scheme). If you crimp a network cable not according to the color scheme, then such a cable simply will not work.

– a special cable consisting of 4 pairs (8 cores) of wires. The connectors are usually 8-pin 8p8c connectors. These connectors are also known to many as RJ-45.

Such cables are used when creating a local network - connecting a computer with a router/hub or with another computer, and below I will show what types of pinouts there are.

Pinout

First of all, we need to decide for what purpose we need the cable and select the pinout. Network cables are designed to connect computers and network equipment to each other; two types of cable crimping are used:

• Straight
• Cross (cross)

A standard network cable is used to connect different types of network equipment and a computer, or simply to connect different types of network equipment to each other. The main condition when crimping such a cable is that the ends of the cable have the same sequence.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2J-6t4Rfb0

In the manufacture of such a cable, two crimping standards are used. The second option (B) is most often used - BO O BZ S BS Z BK K.

A crossover network cable is used to connect several computers to each other and in this case no additional network devices are involved. At the moment, it has lost its relevance, since many modern devices are able to determine the cable crimping method themselves and adapt to it (Auto MDI/MDI-X).

In addition to the network cable (twisted pair) and 8p8c connectors for crimping, you will also need a special tool (crimper).

It's okay if you don't succeed the first time. Usually the second and third time everything goes as it should.

According to the EIA/TIA-568 specification, there are several color schemes for crimping a twisted pair network cable (patch cord) into an RJ-45 connector to connect a computer to a router, hub, switch, or connect two computers to each other.

The power plug is usually called RJ-45, although its correct name is 8P8C. And RJ (Registered Jack) is the name of the standard that describes the design of the detachable connection between the plug and the socket.

All the photographs below show one cut UTP cable, intended for use in LAN (Local Area Network) and DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) networks, with twisted pairs crimped at its ends into RJ-45 plugs.

Color scheme for crimping RJ-45 computer - hub for the Internet

according to option B, the most common option.

Color marking for twisted pair lan cable crimping according to option A.

As you can see in the photo, in both versions the ends of the lan cable are crimped according to the same electrical circuit, only the two twisted pairs are swapped. Instead of the orange twisted pair, a green one is crimped, and in place of the green twisted pair, an orange one.

Twisted pairs of UTP cable, crimped according to both option A and option B, are mutually interchangeable . So you can crimp according to any color scheme you like, this will not affect the performance of the lan network.

Color scheme for crimping RJ-45 two pair twisted pair cables

Currently, a twisted pair network cable has appeared on sale, in which instead of the traditional four there are only two twisted pairs. And this is economically justified, since 90% of cable lines for the Internet use only two twisted pairs.

As you can see, the electrical circuit for connecting the RJ-45 pins has not changed, only instead of the green pair, the blue pair is crimped.

Such a twisted pair cable according to option B is crimped according to the diagram shown above in the photograph. When compressing according to option A, the pairs simply change places. Instead of an orange pair, a blue pair is crimped, and instead of a blue pair, an orange pair is crimped.

RJ-45 crimp color scheme computer - computer

If you need to create a local LAN network of two or more computers without the use of additional active equipment (hub, switch or router), for example, for group games, then for this case the EIA/TIA specification provides for the following twisted-pair network cable termination. To create a network of two computers, it is enough to insert one such twisted pair cable into their network ports.

Please note that the opposite ends of the computer-to-computer twisted pair lan cable are crimped in different color schemes.

Crimping RJ-45 twisted pairs is done with a tool called a crimping tool. If you don’t have pliers on hand, you can use twisted-pair crimping technology without pliers.

All the above color schemes for pinout of UTP twisted pair cables are currently losing relevance. Modern network cards, switches, hubs and routers, thanks to the support of Auto-MDIX technology, automatically detect the twisted pair cable crimp option and perform internal adjustments. So, when creating a network, a modern computer can be connected to either a hub or another computer without thinking about the color scheme of the twisted pair cable pinout.

RJ-45 crimp color scheme
according to PoE IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at standards

The IEEE 802.3af PoE standard provides the ability to transmit an information signal and supply power to the device via a single twisted pair cable crimped with an RJ-45 connector. This allows you to do without an additional wire to supply the supply voltage.

Regardless of the RJ-45 compression options, voltage is supplied simultaneously from the positive terminal of the power supply to pins 4 and 5 (blue pair), and from the negative terminal to pins 7 and 8 (brown pair).

As a rule, the pinout of twisted pair cables according to the PoE IEEE 802.3af standard is used when creating video surveillance systems that use a switch, for example, a 9-port PoE switch ROKA R-KM-POE0801, in which each port has the ability to feed via RJ-45 DC voltage 12 V with power up to 30 W.

RJ-45 4 wire crimp color scheme for Internet

When connecting a computer to the Internet or creating a local network, rarely does anyone use the full capabilities of twisted pair lan cables. This is usually due to a lack of information.

When transmitting a signal over twisted pairs of a CAT5 cable (speed up to 100 Mbit/s), only two pairs of wires are used out of the four available in the cable. One pair is for receiving a signal, the second is for transmitting, which is clearly demonstrated by the electrical diagram of connecting a computer network card using a twisted pair cable with an RJ-45 connector to a hub switch or router.

As can be seen from the diagram, each of the two pairs of lan cable is connected to a computer and a hub switch or router using a symmetrical transformer circuit. The advantage of the transformer circuit is that it suppresses noise and interference and provides a high degree of protection against short circuits and errors when installing twisted pair cables.

If it becomes necessary to lay an additional line or if pairs in a twisted-pair network cable are partially damaged, it is possible, without degrading the data transfer speed, to double the number of lines or repair the twisted-pair cable by crimping RJ-45 plugs onto previously unused twisted pairs.

The color schemes below for crimping an RJ-45 twisted pair cable do not differ from those shown above, but they show only the lan conductors of the twisted pair cable, which are used to transmit information. Twisted pairs that do not fit closely to the RJ45 plug are usually crimped, but no signal is transmitted through them and they can be used to transmit additional information.

Color scheme for crimping RJ-45 4 wires computer - hub

Twisted pair crimp, option B. The signal is transmitted only on the orange and green pairs.

Twisted pair crimping, option A. The signal is also transmitted only over green and orange pairs, but the twisted pairs are crimped into the RJ-45 plug to other contacts.

Color scheme for crimping RJ-45 4 wires computer - computer

Crimping twisted pair computer-to-computer. The signal is transmitted only on green and orange pairs.

What is the difference between a patch cord and a twisted pair cable?

A patch cord, or as it is also called a patch cord, is designed to connect electronic devices, for example, a computer with a hub, a switch, or two computers to each other if the devices need to be moved relative to each other during operation.

To make a patch cord, you take a twisted-pair cable, the cores of which are made of stranded wire so that they do not break due to frequent kinks. To crimp such a cable, special RJ-45 connectors are used. According to the ANSI EIA TIA 568B.1 standard, the length of the patch cord should not exceed five meters. Connecting devices using a patch cord is economically feasible if they will often move relative to each other during operation.

The RJ 45 (Registered Jack) connector, the most commonly used connector in the world used in any local area network, was developed in 1975 by Bell Labs to simplify the connection of network equipment.

Today we will look at various schemes for crimping the RG 45 patch cord by color onto a 4- or 8-core network cable, and we will tell you what types of connectors there are.

In essence, RJ 45 is a plastic cap in which 8 identical channels are made, separated by partitions. Above each of the channels there are so-called knives; they look like two sharp spikes; when crimping the cable, the crimping mechanism of the pliers presses forcefully on the connector knives, which in turn cut and fix the cable cores.

Types of connectors

Standard connector. A regular plastic connector is available for two types of cable: round and flat. As a rule, such a connector is intended for indoor use, since there is no protective rubber or vinyl cap, which means moisture ingress.

The same plastic connector, but on the base of which a rubber, vinyl or plastic cover is placed. For additional protection and convenience of corralling the connector cores, you can use a special seal.

Shielded patch cord. This connector is used to crimp a shielded FTP cable, which additionally protects against various interference and interference. For a UTP cable, such a connector is not necessary at all.

RJ 45 crimping diagram for 4 and 8 core cables

Many people are interested in the question - What is better than a 4- or 8-core twisted pair cable? Compressing two pairs of twisted (4 cores) pairs under the connector gives a network throughput of 100 Mb\s, which is sufficient for 98% of purposes and tasks. For example, an Internet provider installs either a 2-pair cable or a 4-pair cable into your apartment - there is no difference, since the network capacity that any Internet provider in Russia creates does not exceed 100 Mb\s.

A 4-pair cable is designed to work in gigabit networks, provided that all components on the network have a network card with such support, which is quite expensive. Example: copying a file at 100 Mb\s is 50% slower than on a 1000 Mb\s network.

Crimping 4-pair cable

Initially, there were 2 compression schemes according to the EIA/TIA standard - 568 B and EIA/TIA - 568 A. The first type was used to combine terminals or computers with a router, and the second type is also called “cross” for connecting routers to each other. Today, any router recognizes the type of connection at the software level, so the compression standard does not matter, the main thing is that the color pinouts at the two ends of the cable match.

Source: http://jolly-karaoke.ru/soedinenie-vitoi-pary-s-konnektorom-pravilno-obzhimaem-internet---kabel-kak/