How to Tin Wire Correctly - Metals and Their Processing

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron: what is required for soldering using rosin

Whatever innovations the modern market of tools for repairing radio equipment offers, the soldering iron remains one of the most reliable and safe devices.

The process of soldering wires and microcircuits is considered effective because it allows you to achieve the strongest possible connection between wires and small parts.

This result can be achieved by adding a special material to the contact area - solder, which has a lower melting point than that of the parts being connected.

Thus, soldering with a soldering iron is the effect of a certain temperature on different metal surfaces for their strong and high-quality connection. However, before you start working with a soldering iron, you should first understand the rules of soldering and other intricacies of this process.

What you need for soldering with a soldering iron

To solder something, you first need to prepare all the tools necessary for this process.

Of course, you will need a soldering iron itself. For working at home, the best option would be a soldering iron with a power of 15 to 30 watts. The choice of device power directly depends on what exactly you plan to solder. For simple parts, a soldering iron with a minimum or medium power is suitable, while for more professional soldering, a 40-watt device will be most practical.
You will definitely need solder, which is very important to choose correctly. The main function of solder is to create a permanent connection during the soldering process. Currently, there are several types of solder that are designed to solve different problems (copper, silver, tin, lead, etc.). However, rosin is quite suitable for sealing contacts in a microcircuit or for ordinary connection of wires. It is not recommended to use it in electrical engineering, since the acids contained in rosin can simply destroy contacts and destroy complex parts of the circuit. It should be remembered that only correctly selected solder can provide the best connection of parts.
When working with a soldering iron, to clean and tin the “tip” of the device, you will need to use flux - a special mixture of organic or inorganic origin necessary to remove acid particles released by solder from the tip of the tool. Flux comes in powder, liquid or paste form. Despite the huge selection of different fluxes, the flux made from rosin is considered the most versatile and most effective.
In order to use a soldering iron with maximum convenience and comfort, you should prepare a special stand for it. Since the device has a very high heating temperature, in order not to burn things or objects, it is necessary to prepare a stand that can withstand high temperatures.
You will need a file. To make the soldering process simple, you need to sharpen and clean the soldering iron tip with a file. The main thing is that the “tip” of the tool is smooth and has no signs of carbon deposits.
Also, to work with the device you will need a vice or pliers - with their help you can clearly fix wires or boards and guide them to the desired position during the soldering process. If these tools are not at hand, as a last resort you can use tweezers.
After finishing working with the tool, you will need to use alcohol, which can be used to wash off traces of flux.

Having all the necessary tools at hand, you can start working with a soldering iron .

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron and rosin

Rosin has such unique qualities as ease of dissolution in various organic compounds, for example, acetone or alcohol. When heated, this substance can break down complex chemical compounds such as copper, tin or lead. Therefore, proper use of rosin helps reduce the likelihood of spreading of the substance, destruction of the oxide coating, as well as high-quality tinning of soldered elements.

You also need to take into account that the thinner the tip of the soldering iron, the easier it will be to work with it, especially when it comes to soldering very thin wires and parts. Therefore, if it has not yet been sharpened, this should be done before starting work.

Process description

First, you should prepare the workspace where you plan to seal the parts. To do this, you need to open the window, since the fumes that come from the solder heavily pollute the air. You should also take any sponge, soak it thoroughly in water and place it as close to the soldering iron as possible. Well, in order not to stain your work area with drops of solder, it is best to cover the surface on which you will be working with thick cardboard or some other similar covering.
There must be a stand for the device at hand.
Then you need to plug the soldering iron into a power outlet and heat it up. As the device heats up, a specific smell and noticeable smoke may appear - this is normal. The device will be ready for use immediately after the tip is completely heated and the smoke and unpleasant aroma have evaporated.
After the tool has been calcined, it should be turned off. This is necessary in order to pre-clean the tip from dirt and plaque. It is best to clean the instrument while it is hot. To do this, you can use a prepared sponge or cloth.
Then you need to turn on the soldering iron again and let it warm up thoroughly.
After cleaning and heating the tool, you should carry out the process of tinning the tip of the soldering iron - covering the tip with a light layer of solder, in this case rosin. Thanks to this simple manipulation, the heat transfer between the parts that are intended for soldering will significantly increase.
Next, you need to dip the tip of the heated device into rosin for a while so that a little solder accumulates on the tip. You should wait a little while until the solder heats up and begins to soften.
Excess rosin can be removed using cardboard or other available tools.
If you plan to solder one copper part, then one tinning will be enough - you need to touch the rosin once, then apply the tip of the soldering iron with solder to the working surface and wait a little until the wires are covered with solder. As a result of these manipulations, the rosin will begin to smoke, and the soldered parts will flow around the molten substance.
In order to solder two parts efficiently, they also need to be tinned separately, that is, covered with solder. It should be remembered that the tinning process is a mandatory procedure, without which it will not be possible to properly solder the necessary parts.
After finishing work with the soldering iron, while it is still warm, you need to remove the remaining solder. To do this, the tip of the tool just needs to be wiped with a damp cloth, or better yet, a sponge soaked in alcohol or any other composition intended for these purposes.

There should not be any particular difficulties when working with the tool. For everything to go smoothly, it is best to first practice working with rosin on parts that you won’t mind throwing away later. After all, experience always comes with practice.

In order to correctly solder copper wires using rosin, you must follow a certain sequence of actions.

First prepare the wires . To do this, the ends of the wires that need to be soldered must be thoroughly stripped of insulation. All wires spliced together are usually insulated using a special heat-shrinkable tube. If such a tube is present, then it must be cut using a sharp knife so that the length extends 2-7 mm beyond all seams. The insulating coating should be about two centimeters on each side of the wires being connected. The exposed ends of the wires must be burned to completely remove the insulation.
Then the connected ends of the wires need to be provided with a high-quality mechanical connection. To do this, the two ends of the wire are twisted together so that their centers intersect tightly with each other. After this, the end of one wire should be twisted along the length of the cable. The same manipulation should be done with the second end of the other wire.
Then you need to heat up the soldering iron to first tin the wires and then warm them up. To do this, a heated soldering iron is lowered into rosin and a little solder is taken, after which the device is passed a couple of times along the ends of the wire. During tinning, the wire should be rotated and heated, which will help ensure an even coating of rosin.
At the end of the work, the finished wire should be insulated . To do this, you need to put the heat shrink back on the already soldered wires. This will not only help cover the connection, but also heat it, making the soldered wire strong and flexible.

As you can see, there are no particular difficulties with soldering wires using rosin. The main thing is not to forget to tin the wire and check the quality of the soldering. If necessary, tinning should be repeated several times until the wires are firmly connected with solder.

Important Tips

Having figured out how to use a soldering iron, you should consider several recommendations for working with this tool.

Before starting work, to ensure high-quality soldering of parts, you should always clean the tip of the tool. You need to understand that only thanks to the soldering iron tip the thermal conductivity and quality of the connection are enhanced. You can use a damp sponge for cleaning. After cleaning, the tip of the device should be immediately dipped in rosin so that it is covered with a thin layer of solder, which prevents oxide deposits from interfering with high-quality soldering of parts.
You should always solder small and thin parts first, since the tip of the device at the beginning of its use will be as thin and precise as possible.
Before soldering parts, their surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and acid. Cleaning the surface of soldered objects is done using a sharp tool - sandpaper or a regular knife. This is done until the surface of the wires noticeably brightens. After which the contacts are tinned and connected using solder.
If you need to solder some part without using a soldering iron, you can use rosin, previously dissolved in alcohol. The resulting mixture can be applied to the desired surface using any thin tool, such as a screwdriver.
The highest quality soldering can be achieved by using solder with rosin.
In order to correctly and tightly solder wires and other parts using solder, you first need to heat the joints with a soldering iron.
The mistake of many is poor heating of the soldering iron. If this happens, the parts do not connect well. Therefore, before you start using the tool, you need to warm it up thoroughly.
However, severe overheating of a soldering iron with maximum power can also negatively affect the quality of work. You need to understand that there are different temperature conditions intended for a specific type of work.
Soldering temperature is a very important nuance. For example, to seal various microcircuits, the temperature should be no more than 250 degrees. But in order to connect radio components, you will need to heat the soldering iron to more than 300 degrees.
When working with electrical appliances, safety precautions must be observed. To do this, you need to make sure that the window is open and the socket is working. This is due to the fact that when working with solder, harmful chemical elements are released that negatively affect health. As for the serviceability of the outlet, this is also a very important point - in the process of severe overheating, fires often occur. Therefore, the workplace must first be prepared and secured, and only then can we begin to work.

If you take note of these little tricks , the process of soldering parts will go quickly, and most importantly, with high quality.

A soldering iron is a universal tool with which you can quickly connect broken wires or contacts, as well as quickly repair a microcircuit or connect light metal surfaces.

The ease of operation of the device allows any man to learn how to use it in the shortest possible time.

And what is important: working with a soldering iron does not require any professional skills.

Source: https://tokar.guru/instrumenty/payalniki/kak-pravilno-polzovatsya-payalnikom-s-kanifolyu-uchimsya-payat.html

How to solder a wire correctly - to a headphone, LED strip, board and speaker, without a soldering iron

The success of the soldering operation depends on the cleanliness of the tip. Before the first use, the tip must be sharpened, giving it the desired shape depending on the nature of the work ahead. This operation can be carried out with various tools, but a file is most often used.

The second necessary operation is to remove the soldering iron tip, that is, remove the oxide film and cover the surface of the working part with a stable layer of solder. This is done by immersing the tip in rosin during the first heating, after which, immediately wipe the tip on a wooden surface or a special sponge. Then, the tip needs to be coated with solder by immersing it in melted (with a soldering iron) solder.

To connect wires in this way, you need to perform the following operations:

Remove the ends of the wires from insulation , if any. This operation is best performed with a special tool called a crimper; when stripping with a knife, there is a danger of damaging the wire, which will negatively affect the connection - its durability and the characteristics of the network with such a connection.
Tin the bare ends, while:
- Strip the wire from the varnish coating (if any).
- Place the bare end of the wire on a piece of rosin and heat it with a soldering iron until the flux melts, carefully remove the tip out and let it cool.
- Place a drop of solder on the tip of the soldering iron and apply it to the wire, ensuring an even coating of the wire with solder.
Repeat the operation with the second end of the wire.
Place the ends to be soldered together , take a drop of solder onto the tip of the soldering iron and apply it to the joint, achieving a uniform monolithic layer.
In some cases , it is better and more reliable to twist the wires being connected, which will increase the strength of the soldered joint.

To earphone and plug

remove the outer braid from the cable, strip the ends of the wires. Remove the varnish coating mechanically using a knife. tin the ends and solder them respectively to the channels. the left channel is marked with a red stick, the right – with a green stick. If there is a common channel, its wire is usually used without insulation.

to the board

When performing this operation, preparing the end of the wire for soldering is the same as in the examples described above. The peculiarity of this operation is that you cannot overheat the conductor on the board, it may burn out.

therefore, a heat sink must be installed near the soldering point. As such, you can use tweezers, which can be used to hold the soldered end with emphasis on the conductor on the board. The soldering area must be immobilized until the solder has completely hardened.

to LED strip

A very important operation is cleaning the contacts on the LED strip. they are coated with silicone, and the slightest residue of it on the tape can lead to irreparable consequences. Clean the contacts on the wires briefly and tin them.

Separate the wires from each other, cutting the insulation by about 1.5-2 cm. Put a heat-shrinkable tube on the cable that matches the size of the LED strip. put smaller diameter tubes on the cut ends.

Soldering should be done very quickly, within about 1 second, so as not to melt the silicone housing of the LED strip. Use a lighter to shrink the smaller tubes, push the larger tube onto the LED strip and heat it to shrink it. The top heat-shrinkable tube should be transparent.

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to the speaker

The peculiarity of this operation is that the speaker lead wires are very thin and operate under constant vibration conditions. in addition, they are glued to the membrane. Before soldering, you need to carefully separate the wire, strip the end, and tin it. pick up a similar wire and solder it to the broken end. Solder the other end to the speaker contact, leaving a small loop. Glue the finished conductor to the membrane with “super moment” glue.

necessary materials and tools

The main tool for soldering is a soldering iron.

There are many varieties of them and they are used depending on the nature of the connection being made by soldering:

Soldering irons EPSN

The most common type of this tool , in which the rod is heated by a nichrome heating element. As a rule, these devices are equipped with thermostats that prevent the soldering iron from overheating and the heating coil from burning out.

A time-tested thermocouple is usually used as a thermostat. Structurally, these soldering irons are made in various versions. The simplest ones have a nichrome spiral, which is wound on a dielectric material and, when heated, transfers heat to the core. These products usually use a copper rod as the core, since copper has high thermal conductivity.

Ceramic

A tip made of this material, to which contacts are connected, is used as a working body. When current is passed, the tip heats up to the desired temperature. Ceramic heating elements are considered the most advanced and durable, provided they are used correctly. In such devices, a wide range of temperature and power adjustment of the working body is possible.

Induction

The tip is heated through an induction coil. When current passes through it, eddy currents are induced on the surface of the tip, quickly heating the working element.

When the core is heated to a certain temperature, its ferromagnetic coating stops inducing eddy currents and it cools until it reaches the induction temperature of stray currents. Thus, thermoregulation occurs smoothly and the instrument maintains an almost constant temperature.

Pulse soldering irons

They constitute a separate category of similar instruments. They are characterized by the fact that the heating element in them is included in the electrical circuit and when current passes through it, it instantly heats up. The power supply circuit provides a high-frequency transformer designed to reduce the voltage, and a frequency converter that increases the frequency to 20-40 kHz.

Thus, the working tip is heated for several seconds while the start button is held down. When it is released, the soldering iron turns off. Modern products of this type allow you to solder fairly large parts, and not only work with electronic circuits.

Gas

They are used as stand-alone devices. The work is carried out in a stream of flame from a gas burner. Refueling is done from an ordinary can of lighter gas.

Rechargeable

They also belong to the class of stand-alone devices. Their power is usually about 15 watts and is used for minor repairs of electronic devices.

Soldering stations

There are two types of these devices on sale:

Hot air - the soldering zone is heated by a stream of hot air with a temperature of up to 300 ° C, focused by the soldering iron nozzle. The pressure is created either by an impeller in the soldering iron body (turbine) or by a compressor (compressor).
Infrared - in them heating is carried out by a stream of infrared radiation.

Soldering stations are used in cases where soldering irons with their copper or ceramic tips are inconvenient or generally unsuitable for work. This occurs when working with modern miniature boards that use SMD mounting.

Solders

This is the material that joins two parts together during the soldering process.

Depending on the chemical composition, two types are distinguished:

Low-melting with a melting point of up to 400°C.
Refractory , in which this indicator is above 400 ° C.

The choice of the required solder depends on the characteristics of the materials being soldered, the conditions and purpose of soldering, and many other parameters. Available in the form of wire, tubes, plates, pastes and other forms.

Low-melting metals and their alloys are used as solders:

tin;
lead;
cadmium;
antimony;
bismuth;
zinc;
copper;

Alloys of these metals with fluxes are actively used, which make it possible to combine two main operations: tinning and soldering itself.

Fluxes

When heated during soldering, oxidation of the surface of the parts being connected is inevitable, which prevents the solder from spreading over the surface of the conductors and reduces the adhesion of solders to the metal. Fluxes are used to protect the surface. The flux melt destroys the oxide film, improving solderability.

Conventional division of fluxes - active and passive. Active fluxes can destroy the soldering area during operation. Therefore, the adhesion sites must be thoroughly washed with water. They are not used for working with electronic installations.

The following are used as fluxes:

Rosin is a processed resin from coniferous trees, the quality indicator is a light tone.
Alcohol rosin flux is a mixture of rosin (10-60%) with alcohol, actively used in radio installation.
LTI fluxes are a mixture of rosin and alcohol with the addition of triethanolamine, used for soldering iron, copper, brass and other metals.
Soldering paste made from a mixture of flux , tin and lead with the addition of up to 2% silver, used in radio installation.
Soldering fat and soldering acid are used for soldering iron parts, actively removing the oxide layer from the surface.
Borax is a high-temperature flux (melting point about 900°C) for soldering parts made of iron, cast iron, copper, brass and other materials.

The list is far from complete; there are many types of fluxes.

Price

Name	Image	Purpose	Price, rub)
Mounting binocular	Eye protection when soldering, increasing visibility of the working field when installing small parts	350
Soldering kit (6 items) ZD-151 REXANT	Installing parts, cleaning contacts and soldering points and other auxiliary operations	500
Soldering iron stand “Cast iron square” ZD-10A REXANT	Storing the soldering iron when heating up and between operations	550
Antistatic bracelet ZD-152REXANT	Grounding of static charges	300
Third hand holder with lens and stand for soldering iron ZD-10A REXANT	Holding parts during operation, illumination. Used in electronic editing and watchmaking	1200
Solder desoldering pump ZD-108 REXANT	Removing excess solder or flux during assembly/disassembly in electronics	350
Soldering iron tip cleaning sponge 40x70 mm ZD-929 REXANT	Cleaning the soldering iron tip from solder and flux residues	80

The table shows examples of the design of devices; in fact, these products are produced in an innumerable number of varieties and by many manufacturers.

How to solder a wire without a soldering iron?

There are several ways to connect wires without soldering:

Thoroughly clean and degrease the ends of the connected wires and twist them. Apply a few drops of Kontaktol glue to it and let it dry. Insulate the connection point.
Perform twisting , having previously prepared the connection points, connect the wires to a powerful power supply (5-6 volts, 4-5 amperes). Connect a massive conductor, for example a nail, to the second contact. Touch the nail to the twist. An arc is formed that reliably welds the wires. Insulate the connection point.

Source: https://househill.ru/kommunikacii/electrika/provodka/kak-pripayat-provod.html

How to properly solder a wire to a terminal

· 09.09.2019

In order to solder a wire to a wire, you need to purchase several tools and materials at once, such as:

Flux is a means for cleaning the surface of oxidized metal. There are:
acidic;
anti-corrosion;
acid-free;
activated;
Solder is an alloy of tin and lead.
Workplace (clean, spacious table, metal sheets or wooden boards can be used as a lining).
Soldering iron (the tip must be clean, without any residue of old rosin)
A rag or sponge to clean the tip.

When soldering wires, you should follow a number of rules that will help you solder wires correctly and quickly:

You need to work in a well-lit room with a desk lamp that runs from external power sources.
You should only work with voltage-free wires.
There are a number of connection types , each suitable for a different soldering category.
In addition, there are a number of metals that are not suitable for soldering. These include rusty metal (it does not connect well when soldered, and a wire with such a core has a high probability of burning), aluminum (after the process of stripping the wire is completed, there is a possibility of the formation of a so-called oxide film on it). This problem is typical for aluminum: when melting this metal, an oxide film is formed in 100% of cases. This film can be removed by chemical or mechanical means, which will be selected based on the soldering method. In order to avoid its formation, you need to use flux, which is designed for soldering the materials you need, chrome-plated parts, parts made under high pressure (do not melt or fuse with solder).
Metals that are suitable for soldering: tin, silver, copper, brass, zinc, nickel, iron, stainless steel.

If all the rules are followed and the tools are collected, then you can proceed to the preparation process:

Heating the soldering iron - the soldering iron must be heated to a temperature that will exceed the temperature of the solder.
Preparing the soldering iron - the soldering iron tip must be cleaned and then dipped in flux. Flux is rosin or other substance that helps clean metal. After that, you need to heat the solder and apply it to the tip.
Expose the wires. This procedure is quite simple to perform. There are 2 types of wires - single-core and stranded. In both cases, it is necessary to strip the wires of insulation, after which the wires need to be cleaned of various contaminants. If you need to clean wires that have limited access, you can use cotton swabs.

Step-by-step instructions for the soldering process

Let's look at the instructions for the soldering process using the example of fastening 2 copper wires.

If all preparation steps have been completed, then you can proceed directly to the soldering process:

The first thing to do is tin the wires. When tinning multi-core wires, you need to twist them first, then the process will happen much faster.
To tinning wires , you need to take a bare wire, put it on rosin or treat it with another flux, after which you need to carefully pour solder on top of it.
Fix the wires - sometimes special machines are used for this, sometimes home-made structures. If you incorrectly fixed the wires, the soldering process may not end well.
Connection – at this stage we connect 2 pre-treated wires and coat them with solder. In order to carry out this process, you need to melt a little solder with the heated part of the soldering tool, and then carefully apply it to the connection of the two wires.
Cleaning the connection - at the end of the soldering process, it is necessary to clean the junction of the wires; this can be done with sandpaper or a file. A very important process, since if there is oxidation at this location, the wires may burn.
Insulation winding - most often insulating tape is used for these purposes; it is the most versatile option. Its advantages are that it is easily accessible, can be purchased at any store, is easy to use, there is nothing difficult in wrapping the wire with electrical tape, it is durable, you can not change it for a long time.'

if the wire is clean and made of copper, then tinning will occur instantly

How to unsolder the wire?

Instructions:

First you need to prepare a soldering iron. It is necessary to warm up the tool, then treat it with flux, and then carefully melt a small amount of solder.
After this, strip the required part of the wire of insulation and clean it of mechanical contaminants.
Wire tinning – it is necessary to apply flux to the wire and remove all oxidation.
Secure the wire.
Mark the desoldering area - use a file to cut out a small strip along which the tip will move.
Carefully move the sting along the marked line several times until you achieve the result.
Wait until the wire cools to room temperature.
Apply insulation.

Source: https://vi-pole.ru/kak-pravilno-pripajat-provod-k-klemme.html

How to tin headphone wires: what you need to solder headphone wires

Headphones are in great demand today and it is quite difficult for many people to do without them. This accessory makes it possible to listen to music in a crowded minibus, watch a movie at home while everyone is sleeping, or communicate with loved ones using various programs, in a huge assortment provided in modern e-app markets.

But sometimes the breakdown of this or that equipment disrupts the usual rhythm of life and deprives many opportunities. You don't have to buy new headphones right away - you can try to fix them yourself. To do this you will need to tin the wires.

What you need to solder headphone wires

First of all, let's decide on the necessary materials that should be prepared in advance. They must always be at hand during work.

So, you will need:

soldering device;
rosin;
solder;
technical knife;
aspirin.

You will learn about what the tablets are for a little later from the step-by-step instructions. You can even use expired ones that have been lying around in the apartment for a long time and are no longer needed by anyone.

Also, determine if your headphones are broken. In most cases, this is thinning of the wire or some kind of mechanical damage. This could happen during a strong impact or fall of the accessory.

IMPORTANT! Before starting work, carefully read the instructions to understand what you need to do and why. This is especially important for those who have never done anything like this before and do not have special skills and knowledge in the field of technology.

How to tin headphone wires correctly

When everything you need is ready, you can start working:

First you need to cut the cable and it is better to do this with a decent margin to be on the safe side. Next, you need to find the right wire - they differ in color. Blue or yellow indicates that this is a common cable, and green and red indicate the right and left earbuds, respectively.
After this, be sure to remove the insulation. Sometimes it is this action that causes difficulties for beginners, but in fact this procedure is extremely simple. Try to ensure that the operation involves no more than 0.5 cm from the edge of the wire. Different types of insulation, polymer or varnish, are removed with different tools. A construction knife can handle polymer, but to clean varnish you will need a soldering iron.
Then you need to heat the soldering iron and grab a small particle of solder with it. The ends of the wires need to be installed on rosin and the solder distributed over the entire surface. It is important that the composition is distributed evenly. Now you can solder the wires to each other.

REFERENCE! An aspirin tablet will be needed if you need to combine stripping and tinning of wires. Then place the cable on the aspirin and perform the necessary actions using a soldering iron. The varnish coating will thus completely disappear.

Now you know how you can tin your headphone wires yourself, which will restore them to functionality. Even a beginner can easily cope with this task, so do not rush to throw away a broken accessory - buying a new device will not completely solve the problem and soon you may encounter a breakdown again. Knowing how to fix it can save you money.

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Source: https://setafi.com/elektronika/naushniki/kak-zaludit-provoda-ot-naushnikov/

How to properly solder wires with a soldering iron?

A soldering iron is most often used to connect wires, as this is the easiest and most reliable way to get a high-quality result.

Various types of twisting, winding with electrical tape and other handicraft methods are not reliable or increase the resistance of the wires, which leads to overheating of certain areas and deterioration in the performance of the circuit.

Soldering wires with a soldering iron is not as difficult as it seems from the very beginning, but here you need to adhere to certain rules.

To carry out this procedure, you do not need any special soldering iron for wires, since all this is done with an ordinary tool that can be purchased at any store. The main thing here is the soldering technology itself, the correct selection of the necessary materials and other features that affect the final result.

Features of soldering wires

Soldering wires with a soldering iron with acid and other types of flux is almost always carried out according to the same scheme. Regardless of what kind of flux is used and what kind of solder was selected, the same operations are carried out for the connection.

In some cases, if there is no great responsibility, then even consumables can become interchangeable.

If we are talking about contacts that may be subject to stress, or are located in another unfavorable environment, then it is necessary to strictly follow the technology.

Many craftsmen claim that soldering wires with a soldering iron to the board and to each other is one of the simplest. In fact, this is really not the most difficult procedure. The main problem here is choosing the right solder and fixing the wires so that they remain motionless until the connection is made. Selecting a comfortable position is not always possible, since much depends on the specific situation, but when working with small household appliances and electronics, no problems arise.

This procedure is one of the most common, since it is very often encountered in everyday life when repairing various things. Thus, it is worth knowing how to properly solder wires with a soldering iron, even if the need for this has not yet arisen.

Soldering tools

The main tool for soldering, without which this process would be completely impossible, is a soldering iron. Its main parameter is the appropriate power, which will allow the flux and solder to melt, but will not significantly exceed their boiling point.

Basic tools for soldering wires

In addition, the following additional tools and consumables may be needed:

Flux - serves to improve the properties of solder during soldering;
Solder is the main material with which parts are soldered to each other;
Solvent – helps get rid of splashed consumables;
Magnifying glass – needed mainly when working with small wires;
Tweezers – for working with small parts and holding solder;
Soldering iron stand;
Pliers;
A small file for cleaning contacts.

Source: https://svarkaipayka.ru/oborudovanie/payalniki/kak-pravilno-payat-provoda-payalnikom.html

How to tin wires correctly - All about electricity

How to learn to solder. I decided to prepare just such a small special lesson, not directly related to the main topic, for those who not only have to solder cords, sockets, plugs, but anything else in general. So, let's begin

What do we need for soldering?

Of course, a soldering iron (ideally a soldering station), tin solder, rosin, ideally solder wire, which is a long, thin tin tube wound on a reel, similar to a wire, in the cavity of which there is rosin. Those. when soldering, in this case, we do not need, as in the old fashioned way, to lower the tip of the soldering iron, now into the rosin, now into the solder, but all this happens simultaneously at one point. More on this below

You can purchase all the necessary components at your nearest radio store.

If you do not have a soldering station, which is initially ready for soldering immediately after switching on, but a regular soldering iron, then before work (especially if it is new) you need to prepare it in a special way - tin it, otherwise it will not solder. Now let’s look at what “tinning” means.

How to tin a soldering iron?

Take a file and apply it flat to the cut of the soldering iron tip. Now we sharpen in the same plane, periodically looking at the tip, until it becomes flat, smooth and shiny.

After this, we lower the heated tip into rosin and immediately into solder (into tin). There will be almost no solder sticking to the tip, so immediately after this procedure we apply the tip to a small board, preferably of natural origin (not chipboard), preferably spruce or cedar (resinous), but in principle, any will do, you’ll just have to mess around longer.

So, we repeat this procedure (rosin → solder → board) until the cut of the tip, prepared in advance with a file, made of yellow-gray heated copper, becomes silvery and shiny from the solder evenly covering it. This is what is called “tinning”, in this case a soldering iron.

This is what a tinned soldering iron tip should look like.

Now we will learn to solder wires (after tinning it) to a brass tin, also tinning it from the beginning.

We dip the soldering iron tip into rosin, then into solder, and immediately, with the plane of the tip parallel to the plane, we bring it close to our brass test subject, without allowing the rosin to evaporate, we press it, then we rub it in, we grind, in general, we tin. If the rosin has evaporated or spread, we repeat the process, and gradually, gradually our tin is covered with high-quality solder adhering to it. If the material is clean or without strong oxides, then such tinning occurs quickly.

If solder wire is used, then we lean the tip of the soldering iron against the tin, and bring the tip of the solder wire to the point of their contact, trying to touch more of the tinned part of the soldering iron, and rub it against this part so that the tin and rosin enrich the contact point.

How to tin a wire?

Now let's tinker with the wiring. Carefully remove the insulation just enough so that we have enough space for soldering, and for the location of the heat-shrink tube (or other insulator) so that later there are no short circuits (short circuits)

It is easier to tin the wire, because Usually, the metal under the insulation is clean, not oxidized. We dip it in rosin, placing the tip of a heated soldering iron on top of it and slowly pull the wire out from under the soldering iron after the rosin melts and starts smoking. This is done, as you probably understood, so that the molten rosin envelops the contact part of the wire. Now we enrich the soldering iron tip with solder, touching the tin, and bring the tip to the rosin adhering to the wiring.

If the wire is copper and clean, tinning will occur immediately.

If not, you may have to repeat the operation or use solder paste instead of rosin - a special chemical (like soldering acid, if anyone is familiar) that allows you to tin, for example, even iron.

This is what solder paste looks like.

How to solder a wire?

We have a tinned experimental brass tin and a tinned wire, which we now have to connect, seal with heated solder and then cool in order to forever maintain their electrical connection, which we do by bringing the tinned part of the wire to the tinned part of the tin.

We bring the soldering iron tip enriched with solder to the place of their contact so that the solder covers the tinned parts of the soldered parts well. This will be facilitated by the rosin involved in the process. If something doesn’t go well, dip into it. Once the parts are in the molten solder, try not to move them anymore. You can lightly blow on the solder area until the shine of the solder darkens slightly, indicating that the solder has hardened.

That's it, congratulations! You did it.

What can you solder?

More precisely, what metals are good to solder? In the first place, this is, of course, copper, brass, gold, silver, lead, and, of course, tin. It is worse to solder (tin) iron, steel, zinc. To tin the latter, you will have to use a special solder paste (see figure above). There are also metals that cannot be soldered at all, for example aluminum.

Source: https://contur-sb.com/kak-pravilno-ludit-provoda/

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Soldering iron: what materials and devices are needed, how to solder wires correctly

If we consider soldering methods, then the work done with a soldering iron is the most common and convenient. Despite this, soldering with a soldering iron has two important limitations that should be taken into account when choosing a method. Soldering with a soldering iron should only be done with low-melting solders and it is difficult to perform the necessary manipulations if the parts that need to be soldered are too massive.

The last difficulty can be overcome if you use additional heat sources, such as a gas or electric stove or gas burner. Using these sources, you can achieve the desired result by heating the part to be soldered, although this will complicate the whole process.

To begin the soldering process, you need to prepare the necessary tools and special materials. First of all, of course, you need the soldering iron itself, and it’s clear that you can’t do without flux and solder.

Types of soldering irons

Experts distinguish the following types of soldering tools:

Electric soldering irons that have a ceramic or spiral heater.
Gas soldering irons equipped with a gas burner.
Hot-air soldering irons, in which heat is conducted to the desired location by an air flow.
Hammer soldering irons (which work with an open flame or electric).
Induction soldering irons.

Electric soldering irons are considered the most common devices for soldering , as they are easy to use and easy to purchase. The required soldering tool is selected depending on its power, which shows the level of heat flow directed to the parts being soldered.

It is correct to solder electronic components using a device whose power will not exceed 40 W. If the parts that need to be soldered have walls or wires that do not exceed one millimeter, then it would be appropriate to choose a tool in the range of 80–100 W.

If the wall of the part is two millimeters or more, then the power needed is more than 100 W. Just such powerful tools include hammer soldering irons powered by electricity, which have a power of 250 W and even higher.

Such powerful devices are usually needed for industry where large parts need to be soldered. The price of such non-household appliances is correspondingly high.

The thermal conductivity of the soldered material must also be taken into account when choosing the power of the soldering iron. For example, when soldering steel products, it must be in a less heated state than when working with a copper structure.

Equipment and materials

Not all devices and materials are necessary when carrying out soldering work. But they all simplify and make working with a soldering iron more convenient and comfortable.

A soldering tool stand is needed not only for convenience, but also for safety. To ensure that the heated tip of the device does not touch foreign objects that could be damaged by such contact.

There are three options for obtaining such a necessary device:

The stand is sold in a set with a soldering tool.
Available for purchase.
It is produced independently from a sheet of thin tin.

To remove excess solder, there is a special braid, which is made from fluxed thin copper wires. Its unwound end is applied to the solder, and then pressed on top with a soldering iron. Subsequently, all excess solder with the help of capillary forces can be collected in it, like in a blotter. The used end of the braid, which is already saturated with solder, is cut off and discarded.

When soldering, it will be very appropriate to have a device called a “third hand” . This device, with its clamps, solves the problem of a catastrophic lack of hands during the soldering process, where a soldering iron is held in one hand and solder in the other. In addition, this device can also be equipped with a magnifying glass, which will help you better examine small soldered products or thin wires.

And of course, when carrying out soldering procedures, it is impossible to do without tweezers, clamps, and pliers. After all, the parts can become very hot, and it will be impossible to hold them with your hands.

Soldering iron technique

There are several common ways to work with a soldering iron:

Delivery of solder from the tip of the tool directly to the required parts.
Supplying solder directly to the pad of the part being soldered.

But before you start soldering, it is necessary to carry out preparatory manipulations with the parts . Preparation consists of securing the parts, heating the soldering iron and wetting the soldering area with flux.

If soldering using the first method, a small amount of solder is melted on a soldering iron and its tip is pressed to the required places on the parts being soldered. The confident movement of the soldering iron tip along the intended seam contributes to the ideal distribution of solder over the soldered surface.

In the second soldering option, you must first heat the required parts with a soldering iron to the required soldering temperature, and then apply solder end-to-end between the required parts or onto the surface to be soldered. The solder, having melted, will fill the space between the parts, which will ensure the desired result.

Wire tinning

Tinning is the process of coating the top layer of metal with solder. This operation is carried out both as a preparatory operation before soldering, and as an independent operation.

The most common area where tinning is used is tinning the ends of electrical wires . Let's look at how to properly solder wires with a soldering iron and tinning to get the desired effect.

Depending on what the wires are made of and their condition at the time of work, the processing to which they must be subjected also differs.

Single-core copper wire is best suited for tinning. The new wire is not protected by oxides, so there is no need to carry out stripping manipulations with it. The process consists of applying flux to the tip of the wire, applying solder to the hot end of the soldering iron, and running the soldering iron along the wire, while trying to rotate the wire.

In some cases, when the conductor does not intend to tin, a simple tablet can help. This can happen if the wire is coated with varnish or enamel. In this case, it is necessary an aspirin tablet on the board and, pressing the conductor tightly to its surface, heat it with a soldering iron for several seconds. With such actions, the tablet melts, which causes the destruction of the varnish. After this, you can tinning the wire without any problems.

The fumes from a melted aspirin tablet are harmful to health, so you can use a special flux that removes varnish from the surface of the wires.

If the wires are old, they are usually covered with oxides, which will interfere with the tinning process. The problem can be solved with the help of the already mentioned aspirin. To do this, you need to unravel the conductor, place it on the tablet and heat it with a soldering iron for several seconds, moving the conductor from side to side.

To tinning an aluminum wire, you need to purchase a special flux, for example, “Flux for soldering aluminum” is ideal. It can also be used when soldering metals with a persistent oxide film. The only thing you should not forget when using such flux is cleaning the soldered surface from its residues. If this is not done, corrosion may appear at the soldering site .

To remove the solder residue formed during tinning, you can place the wire vertically and press a hot soldering iron to the excess. All excess will flow onto the soldering iron from the wire.

Using all the knowledge and the necessary materials, you can achieve perfectly completed work when using a soldering iron.

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Source: https://elektro.guru/elektrika-v-kvartire/montazh/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom.html

How to properly solder wires with a soldering iron

When performing electrical installation work, there is always a need to connect cable lines to each other. Most often, this procedure is performed in mounting boxes using various methods, including soldering. In the latter case, novice electricians often have the question of how to solder wires with a soldering iron in order to ensure a high-quality and reliable connection.

Since most home electrical networks use copper cable, it is necessary to consider soldering wires made from this metal.

Connecting wires by soldering

Connecting wires using a soldering iron, solder, acid and fluxes is always carried out according to the same scheme, consisting of a standard set of operations. Many consumables have universal properties and can be interchanged if necessary. If the connections are designed for significant loads, it is necessary to strictly comply with technological requirements and use only certain materials.

Direct soldering of conductors involves heating copper conductors to a high temperature and then connecting them to each other. They are enveloped by a layer of solder, and after cooling the entire structure becomes monolithic and non-separable.

Many electricians consider soldering wires a fairly simple operation, but in practice they often have to deal with the specific features of this procedure.

In each specific case, you need to choose the right solder, ensure the fixation and immobility of the wires for the entire period of their connection.

When soldering copper wires together, special attention is paid to the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of the joint. These parameters are directly related, since strong soldering itself provides the maximum level of conductivity. Much depends on the thickness of the applied solder layer, since it has a fairly high resistivity.

The required strength of the conductor connection is achieved due to the cleanliness of the connected surfaces. Solder coats the copper cable at the atomic level, so not only ordinary contamination, but also a thin oxide film can become an obstacle.

Another condition for strength is the temperature of the solder, which is kept at a lower level than that of the parts being joined. A material with a high melting point can significantly reduce the strength of the joint, and its crystal lattice does not form correctly.

It is recommended to use exactly the same solder that matches the cores of the copper wires.

Preparation of tools and materials

Before soldering copper wires, you need to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. It is recommended to make a list in advance and strictly follow it, otherwise you will not be able to connect the wires.

First of all, for work you will need:

A soldering iron is the main tool without which it is impossible to solder metal parts. Soldering irons have different powers, which determine the heating speed. The recommended power of the tool is over 60 watts, it is connected to a network with a voltage of 220 volts, which allows it to withstand a lot of soldering. Its heating is capable of melting flux and solder without bringing them to a boil.
Surf. It is essentially a tin-based alloy. It is used to join metals that have a high melting point. Most often it comes in the form of a long wire, sometimes sold in small pieces.
Rosin. Used as a flux for tinning surfaces to be joined. Due to this, the reliability of adhesion of copper conductors to solder and to each other increases.

It’s worth taking a closer look at the soldering iron. Before starting work, it must be cleaned of contaminants, the remnants of old solder must be removed and the tip must be cleaned. This procedure is performed with a file, which must be smoothly moved along the working surface. Preparation of the workplace taking into account safety requirements is of great importance. There must be an outlet nearby.

Working with a soldering iron is greatly simplified if you have additional accessories:

A thin metal stand that serves as a work area. Here not only the cable is connected, but the entire instrument is unfolded.
Thin copper strands are assembled into a braid, which removes excess solder.
A special device on which clamps and a magnifying glass are installed. This makes it easier to work with a small soldering iron and small parts.
It is recommended to move and hold heated metal parts with pliers, clamps or tweezers.

Selection of solders, rosin and fluxes

On the building materials market, solders and fluxes are presented in a wide range. Most of them are considered universal, suitable for solving almost any soldering problem.

The main function of fluxes is to prepare for soldering - pre-etching metal surfaces and removing the oxide film from them. In most cases, the presence of such films can cause metal corrosion. For different types of metals and alloys of the elements being joined, their own types of fluxes are provided. The chemical composition of these materials includes alkaline mixtures, acids and metal salts that actively participate in reactions when high temperatures are reached.

Conventionally, all fluxes are divided into two parts:

The first group refers to active elements made on the basis of inorganic acids - perchloric or hydrochloric. They are suitable for connecting any wires and other metal parts. However, such substances have an extremely negative effect on copper, causing corrosion of the connections. In this regard, immediate removal of such fluxes is required immediately after soldering is completed. These elements have increased conductivity and often cause short circuits.
The second group includes fluxes made from rosin. In simple cases, rosin itself can be used in its pure form. Additional components are alcohol and glycerin, which completely evaporate during the soldering process. Liquid fluxes are not as effective, but they are absolutely indispensable when working with non-ferrous metals, although they require the same quick rinsing.

It is much easier to choose the right solder. To work with copper wires, alloys based on tin and lead of the POS brand are used. The number after the marking indicates the amount of tin contained in the solder.

Experts recommend using products with a high tin content. Due to this, the electrical conductivity in the new connection increases, and the node itself acquires additional strength. The function of lead is to normalize the solidification of solder.

Without this additive, cracks will form on the tin and the connection will collapse very quickly.

There are other types of solders made using modern technologies. Here lead was replaced by zinc or indium, which are non-toxic elements. Therefore, the alloys are environmentally friendly, and the joints are more durable and resistant to corrosion.

How to tin the veins correctly

Before soldering the wires, you should tin the soldering iron tip. It must first be cleaned of dirt, grease, and oxidative film. The surface is cleaned to a shine, after which the tip is lowered into rosin and then into solder. It is then applied to a board or other clean surface to avoid solder sticking. The procedure continues until the sting changes color.

Before tinning, the wires are cleared of insulation, after which the wires are treated with flux. Conductors with several cores are pre-twisted into bundles. A thin, uniform layer of heated solder is applied to the treated surface. For this purpose, the core must be rotated slowly throughout the tinning process. It is quite possible to process a well-prepared clean wire in one go. After this, direct soldering of the copper conductors begins.

Soldering wires with an electric soldering iron

Soldering wires with a soldering iron is not particularly difficult. It is enough to perform similar actions several times, after which certain practical skills will appear. If you work with a soldering iron regularly, then soldering will become not only fast, but also of high quality.

According to experts, preparatory work takes much longer than direct connection. In this case, the wires are simply overlapped or twisted together. Next, they are heated with a soldering iron. When the temperature of the solder reaches its maximum, it begins to melt and spread over the surfaces of the conductors.

After cooling, a strong monolithic connection with good electrical conductivity is formed. During operation, the wires must be motionless, otherwise the quality of the seam may noticeably deteriorate. Solder cooling can be accelerated using a fan.

Soldering wires with fluxes with a soldering iron must comply with the following rules:

The melting point of rosin is lower than that of solder. Due to this, the strength of the connection significantly increases.
Avoid contact between flux and molten tin. Each of these materials forms its own coating, which increases the reliability and quality of the connection.
Rosin should be evenly distributed over the surface, capturing all the parts to be joined due to its increased fluidity.
Under the action of fluxes, films formed by foreign materials on surfaces are easily dissolved and removed.
Fluxes and the materials being joined must not react with each other to avoid corrosion of the joints. The parameters and technical characteristics of the elements will remain unchanged.

How to properly connect copper and aluminum wires

Quite often there is a need to connect wires consisting of dissimilar materials - copper and aluminum. It should be immediately noted that they cannot be connected directly, since copper is a reactive metal.

Both materials have different conductivity and thermal conductivity. Under the influence of current, the heating and expansion of aluminum is noticeably higher than that of copper. With constant expansion and contraction, contact is gradually broken, and a film that does not conduct current is formed between them. This section stops working and falls out of the general scheme.

In such cases, it is recommended to use bolted connections with one bolt, one nut and three washers. In this case, direct contact between dissimilar conductors is eliminated and the connection will work normally.

Source: https://electric-220.ru/news/kak_pajat_provoda_pajalnikom/2019-01-07-1627

Soldering wires and cables with connectors

A soldering iron is a must-have for every home DIYer. With its help, with minimal knowledge of electrical engineering, you can independently eliminate most minor and visually visible breakdowns of household electrical appliances.

We'll tell you how to solder wires. In addition, we will describe how to restore functionality if cables are damaged, using the most common connector standards.

The progress of soldering from start to finish

In this chapter, we will describe the entire process in detail, taking into account both significant points and seemingly simple, but no less important, subtleties.

What is needed for work

Electrician tools

The set of tools and materials for work is not very large; all this can be easily purchased in specialized stores. The price for all this is small.

We will need:

A soldering iron with a stand, and do not choose a powerful model with a thick tip, 15-40 W with a tip with a diameter of about 5 mm is enough;
For solder, you should also not take thick rods; it is convenient to work with wire 2-3 mm thick;
Rosin - in addition to it, it is advisable to additionally have both liquid flux and a brush for applying it;
Tweezers;
Assembly cutters;
Pliers;
Knife;
File for sharpening and straightening the soldering iron tip;
Sandpaper, file or needle file with a fine notch to remove oxides and enamels.

Advice! Tubular solder with rosin inside is very convenient.

This is a sufficient set - sometimes you can do without some tools, for example, sandpaper or tweezers, but it is advisable to have everything at hand. Additionally, you may need a tester or probe (if you need to connect a cable of several wires that are not marked with different colors).

There may also be a “third hand” problem when you need to hold two wires or a wire and a connector, but the hand is occupied with a soldering iron. To solve this, you can use a clamp or any suitable clamp.

If you need to connect contaminated wires, then you need to additionally use an alcohol-gasoline mixture, gasoline or some other degreasing agent.

Getting the soldering iron ready

Sharpened soldering iron tip

The soldering iron tip must be sharpened at an angle of 45° and have no defects on the surface. We sharpen it, if necessary, remove excess metal until a smooth surface is obtained.

With a new soldering iron, even after sharpening, the tip becomes tinned. To do this, heat it, dip it in rosin and then touch the solder so that it covers the entire surface of the beveled working area.

Soldering wires

connecting wires by soldering: an example of high-quality work

Soldering wires is carried out in several operations, and they depend on their type and insulation. In addition, we are only talking about copper or brass conductors; if they are aluminum, then a soldering iron will not help us (although this can be done with special fluxes) - they are connected with twists or special clamps (see Terminal blocks for connecting wires).

The thickness does not affect the sequence of operations; soldering a thick wire is no different, except that if the diameter is excessively large, it will not warm up. In this case, you just need to take a more powerful soldering iron.

Attention! According to the current operating rules for electrical installations (PEU) and GOST, soldering of copper wires on power, grounding and neutral lines of electrical equipment is prohibited. In an emergency, they can become very hot and the solder will drain. Special clamps are used for connection.

If we solder single-core wires without insulation, we need:

Remove oxides from the surface - we do this with sandpaper, a fine file or just a knife. You can also pull the wire between the jaws of the nippers several times, turning to clean the entire surface but without squeezing the handles too hard so as not to bite. We do not clean the entire wire, but only the section that we will connect.
Cover the surface with flux - heat the wire, pressing it against the rosin, it should be completely covered with it. You can also apply liquid flux with a brush.
Tin - take a little (no need to be greedy) solder on the tip (it should not be a drop, but a small dome, up to 1 mm high, on the working surface of the tip). Then, we touch the soldering iron to the wire and heat it. The solder should cover the surface itself, there is no need to make rubbing movements, just heat it up. If you need to tin a long length of wire, then touch it in several places.
We connect the wires together , not end-to-end, but lay them parallel to each other for a length of at least 15-20 diameters (this will ensure the mechanical strength of the connection). Better yet, twist the wires.
Cover the surface with flux again.
We solder, just like when tinning, we take a little solder and simply warm up the connected wires. It is important that during the process and for some time after the soldering iron is removed (until the solder cools down), they do not move relative to each other.

Source: https://Elektrik-a.su/kabeli-i-provoda/dlya-prokladki/pajka-provodov-239