How many kg are in 1 meter of channel

How much does 1 m of 10 channels weigh - Weight of the channel. Table of weight of 1 meter of channel. Online channel weight calculator

alexxlab | 01/26/2018 | 0 | Questions and answers

What is the weight of 1 meter of channel 10?

Channel No. 10 or U-shaped beam of various types is widely used in various fields of industry and the national economy.

This is one of the most popular sizes , this channel is made of steel and comes in:

• hot rolling,
• bent with equal and unequal flanges,
• hot-rolled special for tractor construction,
• hot rolled for carriage building,
• hot-rolled for trolleys (with a bent shelf).

The channel is made from a variety of grades of carbon and low-alloy steel, but strictly in accordance with GOST. For channels there are a number of GOSTs indicating their sizes, weight and other characteristics.

Channel with a slope of the internal edges of the shelves (U)

Series U according to GOST 8240-97 is so called because of the shape of the shelves, which are made in the form of trapezoids , where the outer edge is perpendicular to the shelf, and the inner edges are located at an angle. This shape gives increased strength to the Y-shaped channel for bending and torsion, and the weight of the channel is slightly reduced.

BrandWeight of 1 meter, kg

10 (U)	8,594

Channel with parallel flange edges (E)

The economical channel of the E series (indicated on stamps for marking channels as 10E), has parallel placement of shelves, like a U-shaped channel, but thinner structural elements. As a result, this reduces metal consumption, makes the channel lighter , but it remains just as durable and, at the same time, costs less.

BrandWeight of 1 meter, kg

10 (E)	8,594

Channel with parallel flange edges (P)

One of the two types of the most popular 100mm wide channels produced by the industry. So named for its characteristic cross-sectional shape, reminiscent of the letter P, while its shelves are parallel to each other, and the angle between them and the shelf is 90 degrees. The characteristics of the 10P channel are regulated by GOST 8240-97, which specifies all its dimensions, permissible loads and weight.

BrandWeight of 1 meter, kg

10 (P)	8,595

In addition to the three above, no other types of channels No. 10 are produced, but are divided into products of regular (series B) and increased precision (series A, B).

Channel size No. 10 is included in the group of the most popular sizes, along with No.: 12, 16, 20.

Linear weight of channel

To calculate the weight of one linear meter of a channel, you need to know the following values:

• channel cross-sectional area,
• density of the metal from which the channel is made.

The cross section of a channel is calculated as the sum of the areas of its wall and flanges. The easiest way to calculate this value is for a channel with a parallel arrangement of structural elements.

The weight of the channel greatly depends on the height of the walls. For example, for channel 10 the weight range is between 3 and 12.7 kg of weight, depending on the dimensions. And the thickness of the walls, in this case, can vary 4 times - from 40mm to 160mm.

In GOST, the abstract value of 7.85 g/cm3 is adopted the density of steel But in fact, the density can differ both up and down, depending on the type of steel alloy used for the production of the channel. Speaking of the composition of carbon steel - there are two designations of the metal on the left of the name - these are “St” and “Steel” and two designations on the right - the letter “A” or “W”.

The difference between them is the purity of impurities; it amounts to the permissible content of sulfur and phosphorus up to:

• 0.05% for "St",
• 0.035% for “Steel”,
• 0.025% for "A"
• 0.015% for "Sh".

In addition to impurities, alloy steel alloys may also contain specially added components, for example, nickel, chromium, etc. Their share can reach up to half the composition of the metal, which also needs to be taken into account when determining the density of the metal, searching for this value in the appropriate range.

Since we calculate the weight in cubic centimeters, we convert the length of 1 linear meter into centimeters:

1 m = 100 cm

Now, to find out the volume of the figure , you need to multiply the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel by the length. Let's make this calculation for a 10P channel (we find out the cross-sectional area from Table 2 of GOST 8240-97):

10.90 * 100 = 1090 cm3

We calculate the weight of channel 10, for this we take the popular steel grade St3ps (structural carbon steel of ordinary quality), which is widely used for the manufacture of this channel. Its density = 7850 kg/m3 or the same 7.85 g/cm3 according to GOST, we calculate:

Source: https://stankotec.ru/raznoe/skolko-vesit-1-m-10-shvellera-ves-shvellera-tablica-vesa-1-metra-shvellera-onlajn-kalkulyator-vesa-shvellera.html

Channel 10: weight 1 meter

Channel No. 10 or U-shaped beam of various types is widely used in various fields of industry and the national economy.

This is one of the most popular sizes , this channel is made of steel and comes in:

• hot rolling,
• bent with equal and unequal flanges,
• hot-rolled special for tractor construction,
• hot rolled for carriage building,
• hot-rolled for trolleys (with a bent shelf).

The channel is made from a variety of grades of carbon and low-alloy steel, but strictly in accordance with GOST. For channels there are a number of GOSTs indicating their sizes, weight and other characteristics.

Normal weight during pregnancy: how many kilograms should the expectant mother gain | Abortion in St. Petersburg

In modern obstetrics, weight during pregnancy is one of the main indicators. Weight gain during pregnancy depends on how much the expectant mother weighed before conception. Therefore, you need to take care of the correct weight when planning a pregnancy. This will help avoid health problems for both mother and child.

Does the mother's weight matter for the proper development of the fetus?

Experts emphasize that for optimal fetal development, both the correct weight of the mother before conception and adequate weight gain during pregnancy are of great importance.

If you are overweight, both before and during pregnancy, the woman and child are exposed to serious health problems, including the possible development of the following pathologies:

• diabetes in a child;
• maternal diabetes;
• hypertension in a pregnant woman;
• excessive weight of the newborn; 
• maternal and child obesity;
• premature birth;
• varicose veins in the mother;
• hemorrhoids during pregnancy.

Maternal underweight and too little weight gain are also not an indicator of good health. In this situation, the child is susceptible to developmental problems, low birth weight, diabetes and hypertension later in life. And the mother is susceptible to anemia and hormonal problems, leading to premature birth.

How many kilograms can you gain during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes a number of significant changes, the purpose of which is to provide the best conditions for the proper development of the child. One of the most noticeable changes is weight gain during pregnancy and a growing belly.  

Weight gain

It is generally accepted that the increase in body weight of a pregnant woman during the entire pregnancy should be within 9-15 kg. But pregnancy weight is neither fat nor muscle.

At the end of pregnancy, the weight gained is distributed as follows:

• Baby - 3.5 kg;
• Uterus - 2 kg;
• Amniotic fluid - 3 kg;
• Placenta - 0.5-1.5 kg;
• Chest - 1-3 kg;
• Fat - 2-5 kg.

It should be noted that weight gain parameters for each woman may be different.

What determines weight during pregnancy?

The following factors influence a pregnant woman’s kilograms:

• Lifestyle;
• diet;
• medical history;
• genetics;
• woman's age;
• weight before pregnancy;
• tendency to obesity, edema.

Weight during pregnancy by trimester

Women who were thin before pregnancy can afford to gain a little more extra pounds. 

Table: what weight should be during pregnancy in different trimesters

Weight before pregnancy	Weight gain during pregnancy	Weight in individual trimesters of pregnancy
40-50 kg	14-18 kg	1st trimester - approx. 4; 2nd trimester - approx. 6;3 trimester - approx. 4
50-60 kg	13-15 kg	1st trimester - approx. 3;2 trimester - approx. 6;3 trimester - approx. 4
60-80 kg	11-12 kg	1st trimester - approx. 2;2 trimester - approx. 5;3I trimester - approx. 4
Over 90 kg	9-11 kg	1st trimester - approx. 2;2 trimester - approx. 4; III trimester - approx. 3

Often pregnant women believe in the myth that if you eat for two, the child will be born big and strong. In fact, the child's weight is not directly related to the mother's weight. It mainly depends on genetic factors and the woman's diet.

What are the dangers of underweight fetuses?

Low birth weight of a child contributes to:

• perinatal injuries;
• psychomotor development delays;
• epilepsy;
• hyperactivity and learning problems.

Why is high weight dangerous for the fetus?

High birth weight increases the risks of:

• perinatal injuries;
• disturbances in the absorption of fats and carbohydrates;
• obesity;
• diabetes mellitus;
• cardiovascular diseases.

How to calculate pregnancy weight

The most commonly used indicator of weight gain to assess whether an expectant mother is weighing enough is body mass index, which is calculated by dividing the weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters.

Normal weight gain during pregnancy depends on pre-pregnancy BMI:

BMI	Norm	Weight gain in a pregnant woman
30 kg/m2 before pregnancy	obesity	+ 5 – 9 kg throughout pregnancy

Experts recommend that the expectant mother discuss with her gynecologist all issues related to weight gain during pregnancy, diet and physical activity. 

It may be that due to health conditions, the recommended weight gain will differ from the above. For example, overweight or obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes experience weight gain much faster.   

How to avoid getting fat during pregnancy

To maintain a normal weight during pregnancy, you need to lead a healthy lifestyle and move a lot. If there are no medical contraindications, the expectant mother should do gymnastics, swimming, and walk a lot. Exercising during pregnancy will help you avoid unnecessary weight and prepare your body for childbirth. Women who follow these recommendations get back into shape faster after childbirth.

Source: https://abort-spb.ru/normalnyj-ves-pri-beremennosti/

Interfloor ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete

› Roofing

18.01.2020

Options for the interfloor floors of a house made of aerated concrete blocks provide for the correct ratio of the weight of the structure and the strength of the load-bearing walls of the house; the balance of the strength of the floor and the rigidity of the structure is also taken into account. In addition, no less attention is paid to the factors of noise insulation, fire resistance and heat preservation ability.

A reliable and durable floor for an aerated concrete house that meets generally accepted standards can be made of three types - slab, wood beams or metal beams, and a monolithic type floor.

What is a monolithic floor?

First, let's understand the properties of aerated concrete and the principles of constructing houses from this material.

Cellular concrete blocks are made from a mixture of lime, cement and sand, into which an aluminum-based chemical, a foaming composition, is added. Aerated concrete is made both by an autoclave method by actively influencing the solution poured into block molds using steam and pressure, and by a non-autoclave method. The gradation of its quality and price depends on this.

Aerated concrete requires a special approach, because the cellular structure of the blocks minimizes the strength properties and the ceiling is constructed taking this circumstance into account .

It is necessary that the weight of the structure pressing on the load-bearing supports be compensated by belt-type reinforcement, creating the rigidity of the load-bearing walls. The reinforcement is placed at the bottom, at the top and in the center, protecting the aerated concrete blocks from the pushing effect from the ceiling.

The ceiling itself is also supplemented with reinforcement.
Sections of load-bearing walls must be accurately measured for deviation from a strictly horizontal line, but if such a problem does occur, then aerated concrete makes it easy to correct the situation by sawing the material.

Monolithic slab

A monolithic floor in a house made of aerated concrete is placed on beams with different cross-sectional sizes covering the entire surface area. Its most important part is a frame with a reinforcing function. Metal rods with a small cross-section are fastened with wire into a single reinforcing system. It is this that will bear the greatest load, giving the concrete literally “iron strength.”

Concrete is ordered ready-made from companies specializing in the sale of building materials, or it is made independently. When manufactured independently, mixers of small dimensions are used, which reduces the quality of the design, since there is a high risk of mixing volumes of concrete with different composition ratios , which will create heterogeneity of pouring and reduce strength.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

You can use both the monolithic covering method and the method of covering aerated concrete using the prefabricated principle. This is a subtype of the monolithic method. It is suitable for a building consisting of one or two floors.

The interfloor space is “stitched with beams” at intervals of 60 cm. Polystyrene concrete or expanded clay blocks are laid out on them, acting as both formwork and part of the floor.

Concrete solution reinforced with reinforcement is poured on top and left until completely dry.

Finished slabs

Flooring made from slabs with voids is suitable if you are willing to spend a lot of money, since both the slabs themselves and their installation, which requires renting equipment for lifting, are more expensive . In terms of price, the situation becomes less burdensome if there is a factory nearby that produces such slabs, since you can order directly from the manufacturer, and the delivery budget will be quite acceptable. In this case, the project will cost even less than a monolithic one.

In what cases are monolithic and prefabricated-monolithic methods combined?

Prefabricated monolithic type ceilings impose certain regulations on the parameters of the building itself in terms of length and width, and the location of load-bearing walls.

This is dictated by the standard dimensions of the slabs and the fact that the slabs require support on supporting structures. That is, it is necessary to adjust the house plan and the arrangement of rooms in accordance with the standard dimensions of hollow-core slabs.

The support is made by the opposite sides of the slabs on the load-bearing walls. It is unacceptable to lay slabs on three walls, since this circumstance will incorrectly distribute the load on the foundation of the house , which in the case of aerated concrete is categorically unacceptable.

In overlap areas where it is not possible to place slabs, monolithic fragments are constructed. This usually happens due to the reduced area of ​​the house, or in places where the ventilation system shafts from the bathroom or kitchen area are located.

The monolithic method of creating an interfloor divider is more convenient and multifunctional; it does not limit the planning of rooms and the ratio of the length and width of the building.

Material, tools and technique

• To work, you will need to order mixers with concrete, a concrete pump (if you need to lift the mortar to a height), and a construction vibrator for the mortar. Also, if the concrete mixture is not purchased, but is made independently, then use a concrete mixer.
• For reinforcement it is necessary to purchase special metal rods and knitting wire, and for formwork - wooden beams, boards and moisture-resistant plywood.
• For pouring, you will need ready-made concrete or its usual components in the form of cement, water, purified sand and small crushed stone 5-20 mm.

The transition from the process of erecting walls to creating a floor slab occurs at the stage of completely bringing them to the intended height. They start with formwork.

How to make formwork?

First, formwork is made, which looks like a huge bathtub mold for subsequent filling with cement mortar . It is constructed from moisture-resistant plywood sheets and vertically installed support parts.

Instead of wooden beams, special telescopic metal tubular racks can be used as supporting elements. And instead of plywood sheets, you can take boards, laying them out according to the same principle.

Supports for the formwork are placed based on the strength that would support not only its weight, but also the concrete poured there, coupled with the weight of the reinforcement component.

So, the sequence of work on formwork for a monolith:

• Construction of supports. Here you need to check the level very carefully, since even a slight deviation in height will have a detrimental effect on the strength. Each rack assumes a load from a minimum of 300 kg to an optimal of half a ton.
• An indentation of 20-25 cm is made from the walls, a meter distance is maintained between the racks.
• Laying beams across the proposed floor slab, they are attached to the walls and sewn in those places where they come into contact with the posts to create maximum stability and stability during pouring and drying.
• The size of the beam is selected such that the concrete mass does not create a deflection in the bottom of the formwork beyond the permissible measure of 1/150 of the span.
• Boards or plywood sheets are laid on the created base , which are additionally insulated with film. The gaps between the boards can also be foamed for greater reliability.
• At the same stage, pipes for electrical wiring and ventilation are laid.
• The formwork is ready and you can proceed to the construction of the reinforcing mesh.

Requirements for fittings

• Take metal rods with a cross section from 8 mm to 10 mm.
• They make a mesh, fastening them with wire no more than one and a half millimeters in cross-section and no less than 1.2 mm.
• The reinforcement is placed on two levels - on the upper tier, creating a tensile effect, and on the lower, working on compression.

• Indentations are made between the reinforcing mesh and the formwork of 20-25 mm in order to maintain the optimal thickness of the concrete layer in these overlap areas.
• The upper tier of reinforcement should be at a distance of 100 mm from the lower one.
• The resulting gap is equipped with distance clamps with support legs.

• A rod with a cross-section of 10 mm can, if necessary, be increased by no more than 480 mm.
• Reinforcement rods in tiers are fastened according to the checkerboard principle.

How to reinforce

1. The lower part of the reinforcement is laid longitudinally, and on top of it a transverse row of rods is installed in two-meter increments.
2. The third row is again laid longitudinally, adhering to a meter step.
3. Take a wire with sufficient softness and go through all the intersections of the rods, carefully tying them together.
4. Plastic clamps are attached to the bottom layer of reinforcement at an angle of 15° at a meter distance from each other.
5. So the lower tier is filled with reinforcing mesh and after that they begin to create the upper tier using exactly the same principle.
6. Every 40 cm, the edges of both tiers are fastened with special connectors.

Read more: Supporting rafters on floor beams with offset

Pouring concrete

Requirements for strength, quality, thickness:

• It is permissible to use only high-quality concrete; usually M200 or even better materials are used. The quality of concrete is the key to the required strength of the floor.
• The thickness of the slab is calculated from a minimum of 15 cm to a maximum of 30 cm.
• Filling should not be done at temperatures below +5°C. If the situation leaves no choice, then the composition is supplemented with special additives and the solution is heated before use.

1. Mark the fill height.
2. The procedure itself takes place in one go. The full volume of concrete is continuously poured into the mold using a concrete pump. Otherwise, if poured in several stages, the ceiling will lose strength.
3. The concrete is leveled to the shape of the formwork.
4. Be sure to use a construction vibrator to remove air bubbles from the composition. You can't do without vibration work. The gravity of the concrete itself is not sufficient for the required compaction; it is necessary to subject the composition to vibration, since only in this case will it be compressed to the required standard and adhere together with the reinforcing mesh.

After complete hardening, construction work is resumed.

Advantages and disadvantages of this type of overlap

• The load-bearing function is many times higher in quality than when using beams.
• Freedom in building planning, both in terms of aspect ratio and building shape.
• The durable type of flooring is well suited to the specifics of aerated concrete.

• Both the work itself and the drying process take a lot of time.
• You need special equipment and technical equipment.
• An accurate load calculation is required to determine the parameters of a monolithic slab.
• The cost of the project will be significantly higher than using wood.

• To strengthen the upper part of the walls, in order to compensate for the load from the slab, a reinforcing belt is laid out, a continuous structure along the entire contour of the building.
• To check the concrete for drying, you need to put a piece of roofing felt on top and check it after a few hours. If the material from the inner part is moistened and has condensation, then the monolith is not ready yet, but if it is dry, then the hardening is complete and successful.

Having familiarized yourself with all the nuances of constructing an interfloor monolithic slab for an aerated concrete house, you can choose to take a balanced approach to the choice of roofing method, weighing the pros and cons, estimating your capabilities in terms of time and budget.

Source: https://iv-proect.ru/krysha/mezhetazhnoe-perekrytie-v-dome-iz-gazobetona.html