How to clamp a stranded wire

Engineering systems

When installing electrical wiring in buildings, one of the key points is wire switching. Very often it is necessary to connect stranded and solid wires. The differences in their structure determine certain switching features. If you do not take them into account, you will not be able to ensure a high-quality connection, which can cause serious problems. Therefore, you need to know how to connect a stranded wire to a solid wire correctly

Contents:

Why is it important to connect wires correctly?

The most vulnerable point of any wiring is the wire connections. If they are performed poorly, reliable contact is not ensured, which leads to a significant increase in the transient electrical resistance. As a result, the junction of the wires begins to heat up.

As is known, the resistance of an electrical conductor is directly dependent on its temperature. Therefore, heating the connection zone leads to an additional increase in resistance, which further increases the temperature increase.

Thus, if there is poor contact in the area where the wires are connected, a temperature limit can very quickly be reached at which the insulation begins to melt and a fire occurs.

In this regard, a poorly executed connection of single-core and stranded copper wires can cause a fire. In the most harmless case, the wiring may fail. However, repairs can be very problematic, since finding the location of damage in the wall is often very difficult. In such cases, it is often necessary to completely change the wiring or its problematic part.

Very often, in domestic conditions, contact connections are made by twisting. This is the simplest method that does not require the use of a special tool. A well-made twist provides a fairly low degree of transition connection. However, the problem is that such a connection is fixed only due to the elastic force of the twisted wires.

During operation of the electrical network, the connection will experience alternating temperature effects: under load it will heat up, after removing the load it will cool down. As a result, the twist, which does not have additional fixation, gradually weakens under the influence of temperature expansion. Over time, the contact becomes too poor and intense heating of the switching zone begins.

An additional problem is that twisting solid and stranded wires is very difficult. This is due to the difference in their hardness. Therefore, the contact may initially be of poor quality.

To avoid such problems, you need to know how to connect solid and stranded copper wire so that the transition resistance is minimal. This is achieved by pressing the conductors as tightly as possible and ensuring maximum contact area. In addition, the connection must be securely fixed.

Such switching is provided by the following methods:

• compression method;
• commutation by pressing;
• switching by soldering;
• connection by welding.

Let's take a closer look at each of these methods of connecting a stranded wire to a solid wire.

Wire connection by compression method

For this method, special terminals are used, with which switching is performed. This is the simplest of the correct connection methods, which provides much higher reliability than simple twisting of single-core and stranded wires. In this case, the method does not require large expenses, since the terminals used are inexpensive.

The most common switching device is the screw terminal. This is a brass tube sealed with polyethylene insulation. The wires to be connected are inserted into the tube from both sides, each of which is clamped with a separate screw. These terminals are best suited for switching solid copper conductors. When connecting aluminum wire, you need to tighten the screw carefully.

This metal is softer, so if the clamping force is exceeded, the wire can be crushed by the screw. In the case of connecting a stranded copper wire with a simple screw terminal, the screw can pinch and destroy part of the wires, which leads to a decrease in the cross-section and contact surface, and therefore to an increase in resistance.

To avoid this, it is recommended to use special lugs for copper wires.

Special screw terminals with a clamping pad are also used, which have a more complex design. The wire in them is pressed not by a screw, but by a metal plate. Due to its large area, destruction by squeezing individual wires or an aluminum core is eliminated.

Pressing method

The essence of the method is that the ends of the connected wires are inserted into a special sleeve made of soft metal. After this, the sleeve is clamped using pliers.

Before crimping a stranded or single-core wire with a sleeve, you need to choose the right type. Today the following types of sleeves are used:

• copper - for connecting copper wires to each other;
• aluminum - for connecting aluminum wires among themselves;
• brass - universal, allow you to connect copper and aluminum wires.

The method allows you to connect multi-core and single-core cables in any combination. The correct choice of sleeve is of great importance. It must be clamped with special crimping pliers, which allow you to apply the required force for reliable fixation.

Welding connection

The connection of single-core and stranded wires by welding, provided they are performed correctly, ensures maximum reliability and efficiency in electrical terms.

The essence of the method is that, using a special welding machine, the current-carrying cores of the connected conductors are melted. When the metal cools, a monolithic compound is formed.

In terms of its conductivity, it is not inferior to a solid conductor, since with this switching method there is no transition resistance. The connection made by welding can withstand mechanical loads well.

In this way, you can connect wires of almost any type with each other. The number of connected conductors can be any. However, it is important to know how to connect solid and stranded wire correctly. Installation by welding is performed after twisting the wires. Before twisting a stranded wire with a solid wire, it must be thoroughly cleaned.

After this, the end of the stranded wire should be processed with a welding machine. At the same time, it must fuse into a single whole. After this, the conductors are twisted together and their ends are melted with a welding machine to form a reliable and high-quality connection.

If installation is carried out without first melting a stranded wire, then its individual wires may burn out during welding, which will lead to a decrease in cross-section, and therefore an increase in resistance at the junction.

Solder connection

Soldering is one of the most popular switching methods. It also allows you to connect dissimilar wires together. Using this method, solid and stranded wire can be twisted and soldered to create a reliable, long-lasting connection that provides minimal contact resistance.

To solder the wires, they must first be treated with rosin. Before processing, you need to thoroughly clean the conductors. Stripping a stranded wire can be especially difficult, since for a quality connection it is necessary to remove the varnish insulation from each wire. An alternative option may be treatment with solder fat.

After the pre-treatment is completed, the stranded wire is tightly wrapped around the solid wire. The core of the latter is bent using pliers to pressurize the twist. The twisted wires are then treated with solder grease and solder to form the finished connection.

Another method involves treating wires with solder fat and rosin separately. After that, they are applied to each other and treated with solder. This type of connection will be easier to disconnect if the need arises.

Conclusion

Modern installation methods make it possible to make high-quality contact connections of single-core and multi-core wires. The choice of the optimal switching method depends on the conditions of installation work and operating conditions of the wiring.

Source: http://www.akruks.net/article/montazh/p489-soedinenie_mnogozhiljnogo_i_odnozhiljnogo_provoda/

If you need to connect a single-core wire with a stranded one

Rigid wire is convenient when laying stationary networks in a hidden or open way. Its monolithic rod fits well under the screw and terminal. But the low mechanical resistance to repeated bending limits when it is necessary to connect equipment whose position changes. Then, if all the wiring is not laid with a soft cable, you need to connect conductors of different designs.

This article will tell you how to properly connect stranded copper wires with single-core ones.

The need to make correct contact

The reliability of a section of a circuit or an entire power supply network depends on the quality of workmanship and the tightness of the joint.

Electrical engineering operates with the concept of transient resistance to electric current that arises along the boundary of the inhomogeneity of two media. The surface of the metal, under the influence of atmospheric oxygen, becomes covered with an oxide film, which increases the value of contact resistance. The contact area of ​​the conductor cores is of great importance; it must be larger than the nominal cross-sectional area of ​​the core.

When connecting wires, the following requirements apply:

1. Thorough cleaning of the connected cores from oxide;
2. Obtaining the normal contact area of ​​the wire surfaces:
3. Guarantee of maintaining contact density throughout the operation of the electrical network.

To illustrate, let’s take a job not permitted by the PUE, simple twisting of wires. The ends of the cores, pre-cleaned from oxide, twisted 8-10 times, fulfill the first two points of the requirement. But any metal, even relatively ductile copper, has residual elasticity, which over time weakens the twists.

A microscopic gap is formed between them, which is filled with air, causing the formation of oxide. The increased contact resistance begins to heat up when current passes, although the load has not changed. Linear thermal expansion of the metal leads to an increase in the gap and a decrease in the contact area. This increases the current density, increasing the heating of the metal.

The contact deteriorates like an avalanche, and the temperature of the joint rises.

Strong heating of the joint will destroy it, but more often the high temperature of the joint will ignite nearby flammable materials before the current is interrupted. A fire breaks out, and no one can predict the severity of the consequences. Compared to this, the activation of protective automatics and disconnection of a section of the circuit shorted by melted insulation will seem like a blessing that only requires repair of the wiring.

Design difference

Let's figure out what determines the flexibility class of cables.

A single-core wire has a monolithic core of one wire of the required nominal cross-section. The limit of resistance to bending before breaking is different for different materials. Copper can withstand about 80 bending cycles; for aluminum this figure rarely exceeds 10. This is the first class of flexibility.

The core of a multicore cable is made up of a large number of thin wires twisted together, the sum of the cross-sections of which forms the nominal value. The cross section of the core resembles the design of a metal cable. The number and thickness of the wires determine the degree of flexibility. The maximum number of bending cycles reaches more than 30,000 for grade 5 copper conductors.

A soft cable is convenient for connecting the terminals of sockets and lamp sockets, where the monolith often breaks off. It is convenient to turn on the cooking surface of the electric stove, which has to be moved when cleaning. Permanently connect a washing machine that vibrates during operation to the network.

Preparing a Stranded Conductor

The basis of any connection is the removal of insulation on the desired length of the conductor.

When stripping the end of a stranded copper conductor, it turns out that the thin wire cable begins to change shape. Before this, the twist was held in place by a layer of insulation, but now the hold is gone, residual elasticity causes the wires to straighten, and the rod fluffs up into individual elements. Each unconnected wire:

• Reduces the overall nominal cross-section of the joint, the permissible current density through the contact drops, the temperature rises;
• If left outside the insulation, it may cause electrical injury and short circuit.

Pre-treatment of the stripped ends of the stranded wire is required to prevent fraying and obtain a homogeneous, monolithic section.

Service

Until recently, one of the more accessible, popular methods of preparation was tinning. For this:

• The insulation is stripped to the required length, the wires are carefully twisted tightly together;
• Using a heated soldering iron, melted rosin is transferred to the surface of the core. The metal warms up, the rosin impregnates the wire rope;
• The tip of the soldering iron tip picks up solder and transfers it to the tinning site. The solder spreads over the surface of the hot wires, filling all the gaps, forming a molecular bond with the metal;
• After cooling, the remaining rosin is removed with gasoline or alcohol, and the surface is treated with sandpaper to remove possible “strings” of solder in the form of thin long needles.

Has the meaning:

1. Rosin is a flux that is used during soldering to remove oxides from the metal surface, improves heat transfer and heat distribution at the soldering site. For tinning the conductors, it is prohibited to use fluxes containing acid or other active components for removing oxide, which will lead to destruction of the conductor;
2. Lead-tin solder is used. The retail chain offers a huge number of solder pastes, consisting of a mixture of solder and flux. They are very comfortable. It is allowed to use only those that have a mark on the trade label indicating that the flux is not active.

The prepared tinned end is used for any type of connection - bolted, terminal, clamped, welded.

But, if the soldering iron is still hot, the easiest way is to tin the same hard conductor and connect them by soldering. The result is a strong, reliable joint with minimal contact resistance.

The method requires a soldering iron, consumables, the presence of electricity at the installation site, work skills, careful careful execution, and takes a lot of time.

Crimping

This method of preparing the stripped end of a flexible core requires the presence of press jaws and consumables - sleeves, the internal diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the core. The process takes incomparably less time and labor than tinning:

• The stripped end of the strand is twisted tightly and placed in a sleeve;
• Press pliers compress the outer surface of the sleeve, tightly clamping the wire with the body. The resulting dents hold the cores more securely.

The finished pressed end is used in any type of joint. If you need to connect it to a single-core one, it makes sense to immediately take a sleeve, the diameter of which will allow you to place two conductors inside it. Simultaneous crimping will give a good joint. In this case, preliminary tinning of the stranded wire is not required.

Types of connection

Joining by soldering and pressing has already been considered. Other methods:

• Bolted, with washer:
  • Tinned stranded and monolithic ends are bent into a loop, the internal diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the bolt;
  • On the bolt, alternating, put on: a steel washer - a loop - another washer - a second loop - the last washer;
  • This cake is held in place by a nut through a washer - a groover, which prevents the twist from loosening.
• Terminal, screw. The prepared ends are inserted into the terminal block sleeve and clamped with two screws. If the size of the terminal tube allows, pre-twist the cores. This is used in a terminal distribution box, where the nut is pressed into the box body and there is a screw and washer.
• Self-clamping spring. Fashionable quick way. The prepared end is inserted into the socket, where it is clamped tightly with a special spring. The sockets are connected to each other by a plate that ensures contact. To create a quick-release joint, WAGO terminals with a locking lever are used, by folding which you can remove the wire;
• Welded, with a welding machine or inverter. Tinning or pressing the end will prevent the wires of the multi-core conductor from fluffing up and will ensure that they all participate in creating the contact.

In conclusion, it must be said that connecting wires by simple twisting is not permitted by the PUE. It is recommended to use it as rarely as possible, to temporarily turn on not very critical places in the network.

If you need to connect a single-core wire with a stranded one Link to the main publication

Source: https://VseOToke.ru/montazh/esli-nuzhno-sostykovat-odnozhilnyj-provod-s-mnogozhilnym

How to connect stranded and single-core wires: an overview of methods and devices

There are different types of conductors used in an electrical circuit. There are often situations when it is necessary to connect cables with different cross-sections and heterogeneous material structure. In this article we will look at how to connect stranded and solid wires to ensure high-quality contact.

The safety of operation of the electrical circuit depends on the quality of the connection between single-core and stranded conductors. If the wrong technique is used, the following problems may occur:

1. Destruction of the insulating coating of conductors.
2. Short circuit.
3. Ignition of current-carrying conductors.

Incorrect connection of wires may cause fire

Such factors appear due to insufficient contact area of ​​the contact part of the wires. This leads to an increase in contact resistance. This indicator will gradually increase, since over time oxide will form at the site of the poor-quality connection. As a result, there will be an increase in temperature, which will subsequently lead to damage to the electrical circuit.

Possible options for connecting current-carrying conductors

There are various options for forming a high-quality wire connection. Their implementation is carried out in accordance with the PUE. It must be borne in mind that these rules do not allow the use of twisting to form a contact part between the wires. Twisting the wires is only possible to ensure temporary operation of the electrical circuit.

The following are acceptable methods for connecting current-carrying conductors.

Terminal blocks

Terminal blocks are a contact part that is coated with dielectric material. The connection is made by compressing the conductors. A screw, threaded clamp can be used for this. Products with an additional pressure plate are also available.

Note! The terminals provide high-quality contact with an easy installation process. At the same time, the cost of the products is quite low. As a rule, terminal blocks are used to connect current-carrying conductors with a cross-section of no more than twenty-five square millimeters.

Connecting wires using a screw terminal block

Depending on the type of clamp used, it is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

1. The formation of contact between single-core copper conductors is carried out using screw fixation. It involves inserting the individual ends into the brass part of the terminal, followed by tightening the screws. This technique is contraindicated for the formation of an electrical circuit from aluminum cables. This is due to severe damage to the working surface of the conductor during the compression process with a screw.
2. The use of a screw terminal device to create contact between stranded wires is also not recommended. In the process of tightening the screw, individual conductive wires of the cable may be damaged.
3. To connect stranded and single-core conductors together, it is best to use terminal blocks with a screw and a special tip. It is a plate with a flat surface that ensures tight fixation of current-carrying conductors without causing mechanical damage.

Barrier terminal blocks

Spring terminals

Structurally, the product is almost similar to terminal blocks with screw and threaded clamps. There is also a contact part and a protective housing made of dielectric. The conductive cores are fastened by means of springs, between which a conductive plate is located. A special plastic lever is provided to compress the springs.

Spring fixation in terminal blocks is a universal way to connect different types of wires. However, many experts doubt the reliability and durability of such contact.

PPE caps

PPE caps are widely used to form contact between wires in junction boxes. It is allowed to make connections only from identical material of current-carrying conductors. To do this, screw the cap clockwise onto the prepared bundle of conductors. It contains a locking spring that will operate at the required tightening level.

Use of PPE caps

The products in question are available in various shades and sizes. They have excellent connection quality and low cost.

Special sleeves

To connect cable cores by pressing, you will need to use sleeves and specialized pliers. The sleeves are made of copper and aluminum for a specific type of wire material. Universal brass sleeves are also available. With their help, you can form contact between aluminum and copper conductors. Pliers are necessary for high-quality pressing of the sleeve. They come in two types:

Crimping twists with sleeves

The sleeves can be shaped like ferrules to group cable lines in front of the terminal box. The main criterion when choosing a sleeve is the cross-section. They allow you to make any connection combination - three-core with two-core or single-core cable.

Soldering and welding

Forming contact between conductors by soldering or welding helps to obtain a reliable connection. But this method requires the use of special equipment, as well as skills in working with it.

To carry out soldering you will need a soldering iron, rosin and solder. The surfaces to be joined are first prepared. Here problems may arise with multi-core cable lines, so each individual core will need to be processed. In the future, the education process is almost identical. Initially, the conductors are connected by twisting, after which solder is applied.

Connecting wires by soldering

When welding is involved, preparatory work will also be required. The essence of the method is to melt the ends of the connected conductors. After they harden, a high-quality connection is obtained. Using this method, it is possible to form a contact between an unlimited number of conductive wires.

Note! After completing the work of connecting current-carrying conductors by welding or soldering, you will need to apply a protective layer of insulation. You can use electrical tape or heat shrink tubes as it.

Formation of high-quality contact between flexible and rigid wire

To create reliable contact between single-core rigid and multi-core flexible wires, it is recommended to use welding or soldering. The first option involves pre-melting the cores of the flexible cable so that they merge into a single whole. Subsequently, rigid and flexible wires are welded.

Soldering of the elements in question is carried out as follows:

1. Initially, a flexible conductor is wound onto a rigid core.
2. The exposed edge of the rigid cable is then bent so as to clamp the stranded conductor into a loop.
3. At the final stage, the connection is soldered and insulated.

Twisting the wire before soldering

Safety rules and preparation of connected conductors

Direct twisting of single-core and stranded wires without further processing does not meet safety regulations. Over time, such a connection can lead to a short circuit and fire in the electrical circuit.

Regardless of the wire connection method used, careful preparation of the contacting parts should be carried out. It consists of stripping the required area of ​​the insulating layer. After this, it is recommended to degrease the contact part or treat it with rosin. Next, the surface is cleaned with sandpaper. Upon completion of the connection of current-carrying conductors, their high-quality insulation should be ensured.

All work must be carried out on a de-energized network using personal protective equipment.

To ensure a high-quality connection between single-core and stranded wires, you can use any of the presented methods. In this case, you will need to take into account the number of connected cores, as well as their cross-section.

How to connect stranded and single-core wires: an overview of methods and devices

Source: https://220.guru/electroprovodka/provoda-kabeli/kak-soedinit-mnogozhilnyj-i-odnozhilnyj-provod.html

How to connect a stranded wire or connect it to a solid wire

You are here: Stranded wire strands consist of thin copper strands twisted together, which is why they are commonly referred to as “stranded.” They are used for extension cords and connecting household appliances; it is not recommended to use them for wiring. Despite this, they are often used specifically for house wiring. In production, they are used to assemble electrical panels, both power and operational circuits.

However, connecting a conductor causes a lot of inconvenience, and all of them are related to its design. The main task of the installer connecting a stranded wire or cable is to achieve the most reliable contact at the connection point, and thus reduce the likelihood of heating at this point in the circuit.

In this article we will try to explain in detail how to correctly connect stranded wires with solid wires and how in general you can connect a stranded wire to any device.

Rules for connecting a stranded conductor

Very often, when laying a multi-core cable or wire, it becomes necessary to connect it to such common elements of the electrical circuit as a circuit breaker, socket, meter, plug, lamp socket, and so on.

Most often, copper wires are used, especially in everyday life. The task is to ensure reliable contact with the clamping bolted connection of these devices and devices, and therefore to make the stranded wire as monolithic and homogeneous as possible.

You can perform this procedure in several ways:

• Twist all the thin strands into a tight bundle and, if the cross-section allows, bend it in the opposite direction. This can be done with pliers or by hand, it all depends on the cross-section of the conductor. This method is the simplest and is used in modern wiring only in emergency cases, but it also has a right to exist. It will not be possible to perform this procedure with a large cross-section cable in this way, so it is more suitable for supplying voltage to a plug, socket, or socket of a low-power lighting fixture.
• By tinning the conductor. This method is more effective than the previous one and will ensure reliable contact. Its main disadvantage is that you do not always have a soldering iron at hand, and even electricity for its operation. Tinning can be done either with a straight conductor or with a terminal block bent into a ring along the diameter of the bolt, but before doing this, again, it is necessary to tightly twist all the thin wires. This method can be applied in all cases of connection to electrical appliances, to a machine, socket, etc., if the cross-section allows it.
• Tip crimping. The tips allow you to achieve reliable and durable contact without soldering. There are two types of tips: bolt-on and simply sleeved. Depending on the element to be connected, you need to select the appropriate type and appropriate cross-section. With a tip and sleeves you can connect any type of cable, of any cross-section, both stranded and single-core, but for this you will need a special tool that will need to be purchased before carrying out installation work, especially at a professional level. Connecting a stranded wire in this way in the panel, to the terminal block, to the meter not only looks aesthetically pleasing and correct, but also reduces the likelihood of heating at the connection points. The photo below shows NShVI type lugs on stranded wires.

Although tinning is a good method, in practice the cores are often terminated with lugs; this is faster, easier and often more reliable than other methods. However, do not crimp the tips with pliers - the core will simply jump out of them and you will not get a good connection. To do this, it is better to buy crimping pliers with square dies; you can find them for about 1000 rubles.

Connection of solid and stranded wires

There are times when it becomes necessary to connect single-core and stranded wires together.

In this case, you immediately need to pay attention to the materials from which they are made, since copper and aluminum will inevitably enter into a chemical reaction over time, oxidation and disruption of electrical contact will occur, which will lead to heating and an emergency situation.

The connection of an aluminum wire with a copper wire should be done through a bolted or terminal connection, using any of the methods of fixing a stranded wire described above and used to form a monolithic structure.

If you need to connect a single-core and stranded copper wire, this can be done in several ways:

1. Twist as shown in the photo below.
2. Twisting followed by soldering.
3. Using a terminal block.
4. Putting the ends under the bolt and pressing them.

After any connection is made, it is necessary to carefully insulate this place with insulating tape or heat shrink.

But since twisting is prohibited according to Chapter 2.1 of the PUE, clause 2.1.21, this method is suitable for a temporary connection. It is better to make rings, tin them and connect them with a bolt, or use lugs with ring terminals. You can also use WAGO type terminal blocks.

Methods for connecting stranded wires

Let us now proceed directly to connecting two or more stranded wires. It should be noted that with a cross-section larger than 16 mm2 and with corresponding large loads, the connection of two or more cables by twisting is not performed, as it is considered unreliable and incorrect. This can only be done through the terminal block and using lugs.

However, when organizing lighting systems and connecting household appliances, a wire with a diameter of 1.5 is used; 2.5; 4 mm2, so let’s look at how to install them. In fact, twisting copper and aluminum wires is prohibited!

• Twisting two copper stranded wires. This connection is very simple and common in the form of parallel twisting, resulting in a reliable contact for such a cross-section and the current flowing through it, but does not withstand rupture well due to force and vibration.
• Twisting three or more wires. Similar to the previous one, but requires more effort and tighter twisting of the bundle.
• The serial connection of two stranded wires is the “winding” method. This technique will be needed if connected to the main line.
• Bandage. It is performed by twisting with a separate wire; it can be an additional element of the serial or parallel method. Provides additional tensile strength.

It is recommended that each of these methods, after twisting, be additionally pressed into a tip (sleeve) or soldered, which will improve its contact characteristics several times and increase reliability during operation.

Finally, we recommend watching video lessons that clearly show how to connect stranded wires:

It will be useful to read:

• Is it possible to change the wiring in parts and how to do it correctly

How to seal grooves for wiring - step-by-step instructions

How to replace wiring in a panel house - step-by-step instructions

Source: https://samelectrik.ru/kak-podklyuchit-mnogozhilnyj-provod.html

How to connect stranded wires together

Very often, when laying a multi-core cable or wire, it becomes necessary to connect it to such common elements of the electrical circuit as a circuit breaker, socket, meter, plug, lamp socket, and so on.

Most often, copper wires are used, especially in everyday life. The task is to ensure reliable contact with the clamping bolted connection of these devices and devices, and therefore to make the stranded wire as monolithic and homogeneous as possible.

You can perform this procedure in several ways:

• Twist all the thin strands into a tight bundle and, if the cross-section allows, bend it in the opposite direction. This can be done with pliers or by hand, it all depends on the cross-section of the conductor. This method is the simplest and is used in modern wiring only in emergency cases, but it also has a right to exist. It will not be possible to perform this procedure with a large cross-section cable in this way, so it is more suitable for supplying voltage to a plug, socket, or socket of a low-power lighting fixture.
• By tinning the conductor. This method is more effective than the previous one and will ensure reliable contact. Its main disadvantage is that you do not always have a soldering iron at hand, and even electricity for its operation. Tinning can be done either with a straight conductor or with a terminal block bent into a ring along the diameter of the bolt, but before doing this, again, it is necessary to tightly twist all the thin wires. This method can be applied in all cases of connection to electrical appliances, to a machine, socket, etc., if the cross-section allows it.
• Tip crimping. The tips allow you to achieve reliable and durable contact without soldering. There are two types of tips: bolt-on and simply sleeved. Depending on the element to be connected, you need to select the appropriate type and appropriate cross-section. With a tip and sleeves you can connect any type of cable, of any cross-section, both stranded and single-core, but for this you will need a special tool that will need to be purchased before carrying out installation work, especially at a professional level. Connecting a stranded wire in this way in the panel, to the terminal block, to the meter not only looks aesthetically pleasing and correct, but also reduces the likelihood of heating at the connection points. The photo below shows NShVI type lugs on stranded wires.

Although tinning is a good method, in practice the cores are often terminated with lugs; this is faster, easier and often more reliable than other methods. However, do not crimp the tips with pliers - the core will simply jump out of them and you will not get a good connection. To do this, it is better to buy crimping pliers with square dies; you can find them for about 1000 rubles.

Cable crimping, wire lugs, crimping without tools

Crimping a wire cable is a very responsible task, especially if this connection is a power connection. In this article we will look at how to correctly terminate connections of low-current wires (up to 15–20 amperes).

Remember! The use of power cables and lugs made of the wrong material and cross-section can lead to serious consequences, such as fire of the wiring, for example.

So, how to properly crimp wires with lugs

In addition to selecting the necessary wires and tips, to perform this task you will need a special tool called a “crimper” or press pliers.

Externally, the tool is very similar to pliers, at the ends of which a special matrix is ​​installed, into which the tips and the non-insulated part of the cable are inserted.

This tool is designed to provide uniform ferrule force around the wire, eliminating poor contact when crimping the cable. In addition, there are universal tools that allow you not only to crimp, but also to cut the cable, remove the insulation from it and twist the core.

Particular attention should be paid to the type of cable; in domestic conditions, the power cable can be of two types:

• with a monolithic core;
• stranded

When crimping a wire with a monolithic core, it is enough to remove the insulation layer with a small margin (up to 0.3–0.5 cm), (using a tool or using an insulation stripping knife), then straighten and degrease the area to be worked with, after which you should put it on a thermal insulating tube onto the cord.

Then, we select on the tool (by a jumper in the matrix) a certain section and type of tip. After carrying out the above manipulations, you need to insert the prepared end of the wire into the tip, after making sure that there are no cracks in it.

Install the ratchet lock lever. Failure to comply with this point may result in poor-quality crimping of the tip and, accordingly, poor quality of the connection.

The final part of crimping a wire with a monolithic core with a tool:

• make sure the connection is correct;
• insert the tip all the way into the device so that the numbers with the matrix markings are knocked out on the front or back sides of the tip;
• completely recess the exposed section of the wire into the tip;
• applying force, press the crimper handles;
• as soon as the operation is completed, the handles will automatically begin to return to their original position (to do this, it is necessary to move the ratchet locking lever to the “locked” state);
• The cord has been terminated; the final step is to put the heat-shrinkable braid on the connection point and warm it up with a special hairdryer or lighter.

If the handles do not return to their original position, then this problem may be caused due to the following problems:

• too weak compression of the tool handles;
• malfunction of the ratchet mechanism;
• “weak” spring in the ratchet;
• The ratchet locking lever is not fully installed.

If you have to terminate multi-core wires, then the above method should not be used, as it has many nuances.

Therefore, wires with a large number of cores are crimped according to the following instructions:

• remove part of the insulation from the wire (with a small margin of up to 0.3–0.5 cm); when removing the insulation, it is highly advisable to use a special tool that allows you to remove the braid and not damage the cable cores, but if such a tool is not available, you can use a sharp knife (when removing the insulation, you should make sure that the wire cores were not affected);
• put a small piece of thermal insulating braid on the cord;
• after which the bare area must be degreased with alcohol and a special electrically conductive paste applied (the most common options are compositions such as “KVT” and “EPS”).

After the above manipulations, cable processing can be considered complete.

• set the required cross-section and type of tip in the device matrix;
• install the tip completely into the device so that the numbers with the matrix markings are on the front or back sides of the tip;
• we insert the straightened cable cores into the lug until it stops ( Attention! Twisting the cable cores is prohibited );
• applying force, press the crimper handles;
• The crimping of the stranded wire is completed, now we return the heat shrink that was previously placed on the cord to the connection point and warm it up with a hair dryer, soldering iron or turbo lighter;
• After completing the operation, the handles should return to the standard (unclamped) position; if this does not happen, then the reason for this may be the problems described above.

How to crimp wire lugs without tools

From the point of view of construction technology, crimping wires without the appropriate tool is prohibited, the only exception being rough installation to check the work performed.
However, for any household work with low-current consumers, work without a crimping tool is allowed.

There are several methods for ending cords without tools:

• soldering using refractory high-temperature solders;
• “non-standard” crimping using cores, hammers, and notching the tip

Soldering tip

For soldering, you, of course, do not need serious and expensive press pliers/crimpers, but the following “household” repair tools should be present in your arsenal:

1. Soldering iron (from 80 W)/blowtorch/gas burner.
2. Soldering kit (fluxes/rosin, various types of solders).
3. Heat shrink tubing and/or electrical tape.
4. Basic knowledge and skills of working with a soldering iron.

The algorithm of actions is as follows:

• if you have a soldering iron/blowtorch, heat it up to operating temperature, if you don’t have one, turn on the burner on the kitchen stove;
• While the tool is heating up, we perform operations to remove the insulation from our cord (remove with a margin of 0.3–0.5 cm), making sure not to damage the cores;
• we put the thermal insulating braid on the cord and move it to a safe distance until we need it;
• degrease the cleaned area;
• degrease the tip;
• apply flux to the inside of the tip;
• Pre-cut the solder into small pieces so that it covers the inside of the tip by about half to a third;
• apply flux with a soldering iron to the stripped part of the cord, tin it (if there is no soldering iron, then skip this step);
• carefully, holding the tip with pliers so that the solder particles do not fall out of it, place it on the kitchen tile (if you don’t have a soldering iron) or heat it with a soldering iron/lamp/burner for several minutes until the solder inside becomes plastic and liquid;
• as soon as the solder is ready, quickly and carefully take the cord by the insulation and install it into the tip, while continuing to heat the tip, holding it with pliers, if there is an empty space between the tip and the solder does not come out, then add solder to these places until it will not begin to “crawl out”;
• then turn off the soldering iron/burner and give it a few minutes for the solder to completely harden;
• After hardening, we wrap 2-3 layers of electrical tape around the connection between the cable and the tip, move the thermal braiding, securing it at the edges with electrical tape.

Crimping using a core/hammer

This method has many disadvantages, the main one being insufficient pressure, which can lead to heating of such a connection. However, it is often practiced, especially in cases where the connection will not work with high-current devices.

This method requires a minimum of tools:

1. Hammer.
2. Kern (optional, but recommended).
3. A small file for metal.
4. Vise (optional, but recommended).
5. Conductive paste (highly desirable).
6. Insulation tape and/or heat shrink.

To finish with these tools, we do this:

• remove the insulation from the cord (margin 0.3–0.5 cm);
• make sure that the wires are not damaged;
• straighten all the wire strands, twist them slightly (half a turn, no more!);
• take the tip and make a small cut with a file (about 1/5 of the entire length of the tip) on the wire side;
• put on the heat shrink, move it 10–20 centimeters so that it does not interfere; degrease the cord;
• evenly apply conductive paste;
• we clamp the tip in a vice or place it so that it can be comfortably held with one hand;
• after which we completely install the wire into the tip;
• we take a core and a hammer and begin to strike the central part of the tip, which should be “compressed” (if there is no core, then you can use the thin part of the hammer);
• make 4–5 fixation points;
• turn the tip over and repeat the operation;
• check the connection for strength;
• We put heat shrink on the connection, heat it;
• ready, the connection is pressed!

Source: https://ProFazu.ru/provodka/montazh/obzhim-kabelya.html

How to connect a stranded wire to a single-core wire: description of methods, installation features

In any case, electrical installation work involves connecting wires and cables. At the same time, the same types of flexible conductors do not always come across. Any master can handle this kind of work, provided there is the desire, time and necessity. At the same time, not everyone knows how to connect a stranded wire with a single-core one.

Methods for connecting dissimilar wires

In order to ensure the correct connection of wires, and dissimilar ones (with one or two cores), there are dozens of techniques.

These methods can be divided into two main categories:

• The first includes those techniques, the implementation of which requires specific equipment or skills.
• Secondly, those where almost any home craftsman can prove himself, since no special skills are needed here.

Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Let's start with ways to connect stranded and single-core copper wire (or aluminum), where additional elements in the form of terminals are not needed, which significantly reduces the cost of the process.

Twist

Although this method is highly discouraged by the requirements of the PUE, many home craftsmen continue to use it. And if everything is done correctly and with a responsible approach to work, the result will be reliable and durable for electrical networks with an average current load.

Using parallel twist, a single-core wire can be easily connected to a multi-core cable. In this case, the monolithic core is additionally bent, which gives more rigidity than twisting two identical wires with several cores. Moreover, this method is relevant for wiring not only from copper, but also from aluminum.

Those craftsmen who want to know how to properly connect a stranded wire to a single-core wire should understand that this method is not suitable for dissimilar metals! This is due to the fact that the connection can last only a short time, because metals of different natures form a galvanic couple. And under the influence of current it begins to collapse, and quite quickly.

Connecting wires by soldering

This type of connection is an improved version of twisting wires. And at the same time, the quality is much higher than in the absence of solder. In addition, by coating copper wire (which is now much more commonly used than aluminum) with molten lead-tin mass (tinning procedure), reliable protection against oxidation due to high humidity can be provided.

The solder itself, based on its composition and melting point, can be of several types:

• POS 15 (280o);
• POS 25 (206o);
• POS 33 (247o);
• POS 40 (235o);
• POS 60 (191o);
• POS 61 (183o);
• POS 90 (220o).

With this method of installing a multi-core wire with a single-core wire, for a high-quality connection, all the wires must be tinned with rosin (flux) and the solder itself.

Tinning and soldering techniques

The procedure is carried out as follows:

1. Conductors must be stripped of insulation (a small area) and traces of oxidation (if present).
2. After the soldering iron has warmed up to operating temperature, they should heat the rosin. And after it melts, dip the wire.
3. Next, put a little solder on the end of the soldering iron tip.
4. Now, making smooth movements along the core line, the solder is transferred to it.

After the tinning procedure, the wires can be connected by twisting, which was described above. Just before pulling them off, it is necessary to remove evaporated flux residues from the surface. And since the wires are now more rigid, you should use pliers to ensure secure twisting.

What is the best way to connect solid and stranded wires? Now all that remains is to heat the joint until the solder melts. If necessary, you can add a little more. Copper is a good conductor of heat, so due to the strong heating of the conductive wires, the insulation may melt. For this reason, you should opt for solder with an optimal melting point. It is also worth reducing the duration of exposure to the soldering iron.

Crimping method

With this method of connecting wires, additional equipment will be required, since it is carried out by crimping with sleeves. They can be made of copper or aluminum, depending on the material of the conductors themselves. The main thing when installing a stranded wire with a single-core wire in this way is to choose the right size. In each specific case, this is done taking into account the diameter and number of cores.

Almost the entire space of the sleeve should be filled with conductive ends, but at the same time there should be some free space left. For this reason, it is necessary to select the correct dimensions of the sleeve, since the quality of the crimp depends on this factor.

Actually, this is the main difficulty of this method of connecting wires - the sleeve should not be too large or small. The procedure itself looks like this:

1. First, you should strip the ends of the wires from insulation (the length of the section should slightly exceed the dimensions of the sleeve).
2. Each core should be stripped to bare metal. Oxides can be removed with fine-grain sandpaper.
3. Next, the wires are twisted in a way that is already familiar to us.
4. Upon completion of the process, the sleeve is compressed with special pliers.

Connecting a stranded wire to a single-core wire does not cause any difficulties. Difficulties arise only at the stage of selecting cartridges and the presence of pliers. Of course, you can use pliers or pliers for this purpose. However, no one can give any guarantees regarding the reliability of such a connection.

Using Terminal Blocks

The wire connections listed above in any case have certain disadvantages. And twisting is generally prohibited by the rules of electrical installations (PUE), although this method is still in use today. They are unreliable, short-lived, and some methods require special electrical tools or appropriate professional skills.

Not every home craftsman has the soldering skills to connect stranded wires to single-core ones. Although the procedure does not seem so complicated. Moreover, how can it be done when the object is de-energized? Even bigger problems arise when it is necessary to deal with wires made of different metals. They cannot be connected by twisting.

However, despite these difficulties, there is a sure way out, which is to use different terminal blocks. There are a great variety of them today, and they are designed for almost any situation. What can the stores offer?

Types of pads

By and large, it is the terminal elements that ensure high quality wire connections. Moreover, this is not only a guarantee of their reliable fixation, the electrical contact itself is quite strong. The conductive surface of terminal blocks is usually made using brass or any other material that is not able to interact with either copper or aluminum.

You can easily connect a stranded wire to a single-core wire using such elements. Moreover, they can even be heterogeneous in nature.

Of the variety of terminal blocks, two main groups can be distinguished:

• Clamping elements. The core is fixed with a built-in spring.
• Screw structures. The wire is clamped directly with a screw.

Regarding the use of screw terminal blocks, it is worth keeping in mind that both aluminum and copper are quite soft materials.

Therefore, excessive tightening can result not only in thread breakage, but also in squeezing of conductive wires. The possibility of their breakage cannot be ruled out either.

Knife and pin connection

Essentially, this is a plug-in type of connection, which is very easy to implement. A kind of socket or socket is attached to the end of one of the wires (by crimping or soldering), and a pin or plug is attached to the other. The connection is made as simple as pie: the plug is inserted into the socket.

At the same time, this method of connecting a stranded wire to a single-core wire has more disadvantages than advantages:

• neither the pins nor the sockets are designed for high current;
• the structure is often bare;
• The process takes quite a bit of time (crimping or soldering), and is also quite labor-intensive.

As for the advantages, there is, perhaps, only one thing - the ease of connecting and disconnecting the circuit. In this regard, this technique is relevant only in cases of equipment installation, rather than for electrical wiring.

Features of insulation of electrical connections

It is important not only to ensure a strong and reliable connection of the wires, it is also necessary to take care of high-quality insulation of their exposed parts. This will prevent accidental contact of conductive elements with the human body or with each other. Neither one nor the other ends well.

When thinking about how to connect a stranded wire to a single-core wire, you should take time to choose the insulation material. It will largely depend on the operating conditions of the electrical contact. In most cases, it will be sufficient to stick with heat shrink or vinyl tubing, including the use of special insulating tape.

When exposed to high temperatures, use varnished cloth and fabric insulating tape to seal the joint. This insulation can withstand temperatures up to 100°C for long periods of time.

Source: https://FB.ru/article/452650/kak-soedinit-mnogojilnyiy-provod-s-odnojilnyim-opisanie-sposobov-osobennosti-montaja

How to connect stranded and solid wires - and do it correctly

We connect single-core and stranded wires

How to connect a single-core and stranded wire so that this does not lead to problems in the future, and the contact connection serves us for many years? And in general, how to properly connect different types of wires?

We will try to answer all these questions in our article, and we will also analyze what such rules are associated with and what dangers are hidden behind an incorrect connection.

Why contact connections must be made correctly

First of all, let's look at what the requirements for high-quality contact connections are related to. It is not without reason that clause 2.1.21 of the PUE separately stipulates methods for connecting wires, and allows only screw or bolt clamps, crimping, welding or soldering.

Poor contact is the main cause of fires

• This is primarily due to the fact that these types of connections can provide the required level of durability and reliability of the connection. After all, any electrician will tell you that more than 90% of all damage occurs at contact connections, and that is why so much attention is paid to them.
• After all, what is a poor-quality contact connection is a connection that has a high contact resistance. And since we have resistance, this means heating.

Dependence of resistance on conductor temperature

• As we remember from the physics course, any conductor in a heated state has greater resistance than a conductor with a lower temperature. Therefore, an avalanche-like process results. A poor-quality contact connection causes the conductor to heat up and its resistance increases even more. As a result, it heats up even more until it reaches the point where it simply melts.
• As a result, our main task is to ensure minimum resistance between the two conductors being connected. This is achieved by ensuring the proper area of ​​contact between the two conductors, as well as by ensuring the maximum possible contact between them.
• Let's immediately look at why we will not consider the question of how to twist single-core wires or their multi-core counterparts. Indeed, with the right approach, and through twisting, it is possible to ensure a sufficient area of ​​contact and compression of the conductors with each other.

Twisting is prohibited

• The fact is that in any case, the contact connection will be subject to temperature influences. That is, it will heat up and cool down. And as we know, heating leads to expansion of materials, and cooling, accordingly, to contraction. As a result, our contact connection, which is not fixed by any third element, can quickly become of insufficient quality.

Note! Surely each of you can give dozens and hundreds of examples where twisting has lasted for decades, and even now looks better than screw or bolt connections.

But, as they say, exceptions to the rule only confirm the rule itself. According to statistics, twisted joints are damaged much more often than other types of joints.

Correct connection of conductors

Now we can talk about how to correctly connect a single-core and stranded wire, two single-core or two stranded wires. And also, which type of connection for each of these types will be optimal, and which should be used only with certain restrictions.

Connection using the compression method

By compression method, PUE means screw or bolt connection of conductors. The same type of connection includes the now popular Wago terminals, which use the compression method through the use of springs or special mechanisms.

Different types of terminals and lugs for connecting wires

• At the moment, the compression method is one of the most popular joining methods. After all, the price of terminals based on this method is one of the lowest. The installation process is simple and does not require additional equipment, and the method itself is quite reliable.

Note! Here and below we give examples of connecting conductors of small cross-sections, up to 16 - 25 mm2.

For larger cross-section wires, these rules are not always suitable - or they have their own nuances.

• For wires of small cross-section, the screw connection method is predominantly used - or the compression method using a special mechanism. The essence of the screw method is that two conductors are installed in a brass tube, which are then each clamped with its own screw.
• This method is well suited for connecting two single-core copper conductors. If aluminum is used, then this material is softer, and when clamping it with a screw, you can either critically reduce its cross-section or completely crush it. Therefore, for aluminum wires, the use of this method is undesirable, or it should be used with extreme caution.

In the photo - a tip for a stranded wire

• Using a screw clamp to connect multi-core wires is also associated with the possibility of breaking individual wires that make up the conductor in whole or in part during the process of tightening the screw. To protect the wires from mechanical influences, special tips should be used.
• Using special lugs, stranded wires can be connected both to each other and between single-core wires using screw terminals.

Screw terminals with clamping pad

• There are screw terminals with a special clamping pad, which provides clamping over the entire cross-section of the brass tube. In this case, the use of special lugs for stranded wires is not necessary.

• As for Wago terminals and the like. There is still debate among electricians about their reliability and durability. Some argue that using springs in terminals is not the best option, others that it is very convenient and the springs are quite reliable.

Note: Experience carried out personally by the author of these lines confirms the reliability of such terminals under conditions of increasing current. But I cannot say how such terminals will behave over time. But be that as it may, such terminals make it possible to ensure contact of wires of any type quite reliably, quickly and efficiently.

Connection by pressing method

The instructions also provide for connection using the pressing method. This method requires the presence of a special tool - pliers. This tool comes in manual and hydraulic types. For small cross-section wires, hand-type pliers are sufficient.

Sleeves for pressing wires

• Special sleeves are used for pressing. These sleeves can be aluminum, copper or brass. The first, respectively, are used for aluminum wires, the second for copper, and the third for connecting both copper and aluminum wires.

Wire crimping pliers

• For connections, the same lugs can be used as for connecting stranded wires to screw terminal blocks. They are usually used if it is necessary to connect several wires in front of the terminal block.

Pressing of stranded wires

• The pressing method can be used to connect any wires: single-core, multi-core, or a combination of both. The main thing here is to correctly determine the type of sleeve and the pressure force.

Welding connection

Connecting wires using the welding method is one of the most reliable. At the same time, it is quite difficult to implement it with your own hands due to the need for a special welding machine.

Connecting wires by welding

• The essence of this method is that the ends of the conductor strands are melted using a welding machine. When they harden, they form a single whole and provide reliable contact.

Wire welding machine

• You can connect an almost unlimited number of conductors at one point in this way, which is an undoubted advantage. At the same time, connecting single-core and multi-core conductors to each other is fraught with certain difficulties.
• If no special work is required to connect single-core and stranded wires to each other, then to connect these two types of conductors to each other you will have to perform several additional operations.

Welding stranded wires

• In this case, you need, as shown in the video, to first melt the end of the stranded conductor so that it becomes a single whole. And after this, the termination is connected to a single-core conductor. Otherwise, you may experience burnout of individual conductors of a stranded wire, and only partial connection of the conductors with each other.

Connection of stranded wires: with single-core wires, with each other, soft and hard

A high-quality electrical connection is the most important requirement for home safety. Unreliable contact can lead to a short circuit and fire, so it is important to be able to efficiently and reliably connect two conductors in a junction box. There are different methods of creating a contact, and they all have their own characteristics.

The need for a reliable connection

Poor connections become the main cause of fires

First of all, you need to understand why it is so important to pay attention to the reliability of the conductor connections. Even the PUE give recommendations on the choice of connection method and strictly prohibit twisting of wires.

Consequences of incorrectly connected conductors:

• Fire. A poor-quality contact has a high contact resistance. This leads to heating, which can later lead to a fire.
• Damage to wiring. Due to high resistance, the conductor heats up faster. As a result, the insulation may melt and the contact itself may collapse. Damage to the insulating layer may result in electric shock.
• Short circuit. It also depends on the value of the contact resistance.

High contact resistance leads to negative consequences. Therefore, it is important to reduce it, for which permitted methods of connecting multi-core conductors are used.

Connection methods

Various types of wire connections

Of the permitted methods, the PUE allows you to create a contact in the following ways:

• clamps;
• terminals;
• crimping;
• soldering, welding.

Twisted connections are prohibited. This is due to the fact that the contact will be exposed to temperature. As the temperature rises, the material expands; when cooled, it contracts. Since the contact is not secured by anything, it will quickly fail and collapse. Twisting can only be used in conjunction with another joining method, such as welding or soldering.

Squeeze method

WAGO connection terminals

This method includes screw and bolt connections, as well as contact using Wago clamps. Such mechanisms allow you to connect single-core and stranded copper wires. At the moment, this method is the most common and convenient. The advantages include low cost, reliability, simplicity of the process and no need to purchase additional equipment.

It is better to connect wires with a cross-section of up to 25 sq. mm in this way. Conductors with a large cross-section require a different connection or it will be necessary to take into account the nuances of contact using the compression method.

Screw connection is used for cables of small cross-section. Its essence is to install two conductors into a brass tube and clamp each section with its own screw. When connecting solid and multi-core cables, there is a risk of damaging the thin wire.

For this reason, it is recommended to protect them with a special tip. There are special terminals with clamping pads that do not require the use of lugs.

They provide high-quality clamping without damaging the wire over the entire cross-section of the brass tube.

Wago terminals are a variation of the squeeze method. They are reliable, but experts debate the durability of such products. Advantages: speed of work, quality of contact, simplicity.

Welding method

When welding wires, tin solder is used

Welding wires is the most reliable and durable connection method. Its only drawback is that it is difficult to implement with your own hands, since the work will require a professional welding machine. There are also requirements for the experience of the master - if you do not have the necessary skills, you should choose another connection method or entrust the work to a professional.

Using a welding machine, the ends of the wires are melted. When they harden, a single whole is formed between the two segments and high-quality contact is ensured. Using this method, you can connect an unlimited number of conductors at one point. But you need to understand that difficulties will arise when contacting a single-core and multi-core cable. The technician will need to perform a few additional steps before welding. Connecting a four-core wire to a single-core wire:

• Melting the end of a stranded wire.
• Connection of a molten conductor with a single-core segment.

If the welding technique is violated, individual wires may burn out and contact will not be ensured for all wires.

Soldering

To solder two sections of cable, you will also need additional tools - a soldering iron, rosin, solder, solder fat. The master must be able to solder, otherwise reliable contact will not be possible.

How to twist a stranded wire together with a solid one:

1. Stripping of insulation.
2. Treatment of the surface of both conductors with rosin.
3. Winding a multi-core cable onto a single-core cable.
4. Bending a single-core cable, crimping with pliers.
5. Treating the area with solder grease and solder.

There is also a connection option when the treatment with fat and rosin is carried out separately for each part of the wire. Then the conductors are connected in parallel and the contact area is treated with solder.

Single-core conductors are easier to connect. To do this, it is enough to strip them of insulation and treat them with rosin. Then the cables need to be soldered. If a tinned single-core conductor is used for connection, rosin treatment is not required.

Stranded wires are also stripped of insulation. This can be more difficult since each core has its own insulating layer. Next, the conductors are connected with a pigtail or twist and processed with solder.

Connection of flexible and rigid wires

Connection of flexible and rigid wires

Typically, conductors of the same type are connected. But sometimes a connection between a flexible and a rigid wire is required, which is carried out in compliance with some nuances.

First, cut the cable so that its end is tapered. The rigid wire needs to be melted and a loop made at its end. A thin wire is passed through the loop made and wrapped around the rigid cable. The resulting connection must be treated with solder and reliably insulated. A similar method is suitable for aluminum conductors.

Source: https://StrojDvor.ru/elektrosnabzhenie/kak-soedinit-odnozhilnyj-i-mnogozhilnyj-mednyj-provod/