How to connect wires

How can you connect the wires in a junction box?

The connection of wires affects the safety and reliability of electrical wiring. It is performed in different ways, using connecting devices and devices, depending on the characteristics of the wires.

Why use a junction box?

A distribution (otherwise a junction box, a branching box) is a type of installation box in which wire switching and electrical connections are made. It can be round, rectangular, square in shape, plastic, steel, fiberglass, aluminum in material.

The device is a container, the purpose of which, in any method of connecting wires in a distribution box, is to hide the branch of the electrical network. In addition, it allows you to effectively redistribute the load on networks and prevent short circuits in them.

There are many ways to connect wires in a junction box. The simplest one - twisting - was previously a priority. Today it is considered dangerous and unreliable. It was replaced by special connecting devices, devices designed for the various characteristics of the cables being connected.

Methods for connecting conductors

Correctly connecting the wires to each other means ensuring the reliability and safety of the electrical network. There are numerous types of wire connections. You can use long-used ones - twisting, soldering, bolting. It’s easier and faster to get the job done by using a cable connector - a special device that allows you to reliably connect cables of different diameters, single- and multi-core, from various materials,

Using Terminal Blocks

Blocks for connecting wires are a type of electrical installation products. They are called terminal blocks, terminals, terminal blocks, terminal blocks, KB, terminal clamps, terminal connectors. Contains 2 metal contacts or more. The latter have nodes in which cables are secured and are placed inside a dielectric housing, often sealed (filled with gel).

There are many types of terminal connectors. They are distinguished:

• by installation method: screw, detachable, push, barrier, pass-through;
• single-, double- and multi-row;
• for one-, two-, three-row and multi-tier cables;
• angular and straight;
• for single- and multi-core, flexible conductors;
• according to the method of wire clamping: screw, spring, knife, end.

Source: https://odinelectric.ru/wiring/wires/kak-soedinit-provoda-v-raspredelitelnoj-korobke

How to connect telephone wires to each other

Quite often a person in life is haunted by various kinds of troubles associated with broken wires. In this case, it is worth thinking about connecting them together.

This is done quite simply. However, if we are talking about connecting small wires, for example, headphone wires or a telephone line, then the task becomes a little more complicated.

How to connect an internet cable

Many people now have access to the Internet in their homes. Everyone knows that the wires of the so-called twisted pair are quite easy to break, since they are quite thin. In this case, they will need to be connected to each other. In fact, the technology is not that complicated.

If a twisted pair wire breaks, you should immediately select all the wires by color. This is done quite easily. There are no wires of the same color in a bundle.

After all the wires have been selected, you need to connect them. Of course, you can crimp them and install a new adapter plug.

However, you can simply solder all the wires together according to color. In this case, it is worth using special cambrics to isolate the conductors from each other.

They are sold today in almost any electrical store. They are first put on the conductor, and then soldering is done. After its completion, the cambric is pulled over the junction of the conductors.

How to connect headphone wires

If we are talking about headphones, then the situation is even more complicated, since connecting such wires is not so simple. They have a fairly small diameter, which makes the work much more difficult.

Yes, of course, you can use the most common twisting method, and then apply a thermal insulator to the wire. However, in this case it is not a fact that the wire will last long. The slightest extra movement can tear it apart without any problems.

Here it is worth using a solder connection. This method will be much more effective. Moreover, most of the wires in headphones are made of copper, and this material can be soldered quite easily.

The wire must be stripped and then tinned at both ends. After this, you can connect the wires to each other. As you can see, this process is quite simple, so anyone can do the work.

Today, this method is often used to connect two wires with a small diameter. At the same time, it is also necessary to insulate the conductors after soldering so that they do not come into contact with neighboring ones, and also so that they do not come into contact with the body.

How to connect telephone wires

The telephone wire is also quite fragile. It is easy to tear and damage. Of course, it needs to be connected. This is not so difficult to do.

If the wires used for the telephone connection have the same colors, then you first need to find out which wire is which.

This can be done using a tester. Dialing is its standard function. It is quite simple to produce it.

After the wires have been found, they can begin to be connected to each other. This procedure can be done by connecting by soldering.

It is this method that is rational in this case. If you don’t want to solder wires, you can purchase an additional adapter for a telephone cable.

Tips in the article “How to properly connect electrical wires?” Here.

It can also be used to make a connection. However, it is worth remembering that in this case, special crimps for conductors must be used for the connection. Fortunately, these days it’s quite easy to find them.

Of course, you will need two special terminal blocks in this case, which will be connected from different sides of the adapter.

Source: https://moreremonta.info/strojka/kak-soedinit-telefonnye-provoda-mezhdu-soboj/

How to connect wires correctly?

Hello, dear readers and guests of the Electrician's Notes website.

Today I will tell you about how to connect wires correctly.

The fact is that 70% of errors when installing electrical wiring occur in this area. After all, you have all probably heard the statement that “Electrics is the science of contacts.” One of my readers added to this statement that “When you need it, it’s not there. When you don’t need it, he’s there.”

Most often, electrical problems arise due to poor contact (or lack thereof) in junction boxes or electrical points (sockets, lamps, switches), as well as due to overloading of electrical wiring lines. The last reason is a consequence of powerful modern electrical appliances (kettle, microwave oven, hob, refrigerator, washing machine, etc.).

Let's answer this common question. How to connect wires correctly so that there is good and high-quality contact. At this time, the following wire connections are most often found:

• twist
• crimping
• welding
• soldering
• screw connections
• bolted connections
• self-clamping connections (WAGO)

Now let's look at each type of connection.

Twist

Twisting is the simplest and most common type of wire connection. We won’t take anything out of our heads, but turn to the regulatory document - PUE - 7th edition. Paragraph 2.1.21 of Chapter 2 clearly states that:

PUE, clause 2.1.21. Connection, branching and termination of wire and cable cores must be carried out using crimping, welding, soldering or clamping (screw, bolt, etc.) in accordance with current instructions approved in the prescribed manner.

Thus, according to the PUE - Twisting is PROHIBITED!!! 

There is a logical explanation for this. Over time, due to temperature changes and linear expansion, a gap appears between the connected wires in the twist. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the contact increases, it begins to heat up, oxidize and, as a result, can either disappear altogether or lead to disastrous consequences, even a fire.

I recommend reading about this in more detail in my article about the case of a bad (loose) contact in a socket and its consequences, which occurred on one of the control panels.

Crimping

Crimping is the connection of wire and cable cores by crimping the connecting sleeve using a special tool (press pliers). This connection method is one of the most reliable and high-quality, meeting the requirements of regulatory documents.

How to do crimping correctly? For this we need:

• connecting sleeve (hollow copper or aluminum tube, depending on the wire material being connected)
• choose the correct sleeve according to the inner diameter (there are special catalogs and instructions for this, or you can consult the store)
• special tool - press pliers (use of other tools, such as pliers, is prohibited)

Stages of work:

• remove the insulation from the wire along the length of the sleeve (using a special tool for removing insulation such as Knipex or a mounting knife)
• place the wires inside the sleeve (you can twist them first)
• crimp with special press pliers
• isolate the connection

You can read more about crimping in the article: how to use a crimp sleeve and heat-shrinkable tube.

For connecting insulated sleeves (GSI), I use EGI-60 press pliers.

For larger sections I have this hydraulic press. I’ll write a detailed article about it someday—subscribe to the newsletter.

Welding

Welding is the connection of wire and cable cores by contact heating of their ends with an electrode (carbon) until a contact point (ball) is formed. This connection method is one of the most reliable and high-quality, meeting the requirements of regulatory documents, but requires certain skills in working with welding equipment.

How to properly weld wires? For this we need:

• welding transformer (power at least 1 kW, output voltage up to 24 V)
• carbon electrode
• special flux (to protect the melt from oxygen)
• welding glasses
• leather welding gloves

Stages of work:

• remove the insulation from the wire by 40-50 (mm)
• Use sandpaper to protect the wire core until it shines
• do some twisting
• pour flux into the recess of the electrode and lower our twist, pressing it tightly to the electrode
• connect the welding transformer to the network
• the ends of the strands of our twist will be fused into a “ball” (contact point)
• after the junction hardens, remove the electrode
• The resulting “ball” is cleaned of flux with a wire brush
• varnish the connection
• isolate the connection

It turns out something like this.

As you can see, the result is an almost solid wire, i.e. the lowest contact resistance.

For the sake of experiment, you can try to measure the contact resistance of different methods of connecting wires and verify what has been said.

Soldering

Soldering is the joining of wires and cables with molten solder. This connection method meets the requirements of regulatory documents, but requires certain operating skills. Soldering guarantees long-lasting contact with good conductivity. But its use is limited due to mechanical or thermal effects.

Read the article about why connecting wires using soldering should be avoided.

How to properly solder wires? For this we need:

• tin-lead solder (POS)
• flux - rosin
• brush for applying flux to the core
• sandpaper
• soldering iron

Stages of work:

• remove the insulation from the wire by 40-50 (mm)
• Use sandpaper to protect the wire core until it shines
• select the type of core connection (according to the table below)
• We bring the solder to the soldering iron tip
• heat the twist so that the molten solder flows into the twist
• After the soldering has hardened, wash the soldering area with alcohol
• isolate the connection

Here is an example of connecting several wires by soldering.

Soldering is used to connect copper wires and cables. But when using special solders, you can solder wire and cable cores made of aluminum.

Screw connections

Screw connections between wires and cables can be used to connect different metals, such as copper to aluminum. They are very widely used for connecting wires to lamps or chandeliers.

And most importantly, the screw connections meet the requirements of regulatory documents.

Here is an example of using screw terminal blocks to connect wires in a junction box, but I do not support this method.

I would like to add that this type of connection has the only drawback - periodically the screws in the terminals need to be tightened (the “fluidity” property of aluminum) to improve contact.

In my work I use screw contact clamps of the ZVI-3 type (0.75-4 sq. mm).

When using stranded wires and cables, you need to use special crimping lugs or solder the ends of the wires.

Some screw terminal blocks (clamps) are equipped with a shaped washer or a washer with an asterisk, which prevents the core from being squeezed out of the terminal block and provides reliable constant pressure on the wire and cable core.

The market currently offers a wide variety of terminal blocks with screw connections of wires and cables.

Bolted connections

Bolted connections of wire and cable cores can be used to connect different metals (copper and aluminum), but for this you need to place a steel washer between them.

This connection is not inferior to screw connections, but is bulky, so it is difficult to place it in the junction box and requires more insulating material.

Self-clamping connections

Today, one of the most common types of connections between wires and cables. Its main advantage is simplicity, convenience and speed of installation. It also does not require special skills or equipment. An example of this type of connection is WAGO terminal blocks.

WAGO terminal blocks are available in a variety of series and designs: the number of connected cores is from 2 to 8, cross-section from 0.75 to 4 sq. m. mm.

Some Vago terminals (2273-244 series) have a special contact paste that prevents oxidation of aluminum conductors. Using such terminals, you can connect cores made of different materials, for example, copper and aluminum.

How reliable do you think WAGO terminals are?

In this article we learned how to properly connect electrical wires. In the next article I will tell you about color coding of wires.

Source: http://zametkielectrika.ru/kak-pravilno-soedinyat-provoda/

How to connect copper wires to each other

When performing electrical wiring, you inevitably face the need to connect sections of wires to each other. Connections are made in junction boxes that are mounted in the wall or on the wall. Usually in such a box the wires leading to the machine in the distribution panel and the wires going to the socket, lamp, switch are connected. Another wire can go in transit from our box to the next one. All connections, of course, are made in accordance with the diagram.

Wall Mounted Junction Box

So. Before you run and connect the wires, let’s remember what main types of connections exist:

• twisting of wires and their further soldering or welding;
• connection using terminal blocks;
• connection using “nuts”;
• connection of neutral wires using connecting busbars;
• spring terminals type WAGO;
• use of bolted connections.
• connection using sleeves.

The good old way of joining - twisting

To twist the wires and insulate the twisted area, you don’t need anything other than pliers and electrical tape. High-quality and carefully made strands of copper wires last for several decades. Don’t forget to clean the exposed areas of the conductor core (TCC) before twisting them.

For greater reliability, the twist can be soldered using standard tin-lead solder and rosin or other flux. It is even better to pass a short-term welding current through the joint.

At the end of the twist, a bead (drop) of copper is formed; such a connection will last until the insulation is destroyed. Only copper conductors can be welded and soldered. But if we look at the PUE. then we will see that twisting is prohibited. especially in wooden houses and baths.

therefore they do twisting with soldering or welding.

twisting with soldering and twisting by welding

In general, it is much more difficult to achieve reliable connections for aluminum conductors than for copper. When twisting aluminum wires, due to the mechanical properties of the material, it is very easy to tear or break the exposed part of the TPG.

Using screw and generally threaded connections for aluminum wires, it is necessary to periodically stretch the contacts, since the material “floats” over time, the contact resistance gradually deteriorates, and as a result, the contact may burn out and, in the worst case, a fire.

The main problem that can arise when performing conventional twisting is electrochemical corrosion when trying to connect wires made of different materials; it is especially dangerous to try to twist wires made of copper and aluminum. In practice, there are more than one cases where such connections had to be redone.

To perform twists that are homogeneous in material, PPE (connecting insulating clamp) is widely used. The PPE cap is screwed onto the wires connected together, ensuring their twisting and squeezing the exposed areas of the TPG. The insulation of such a connection is quite reliable, and certainly no worse than using electrical tape. When using PPE, it is necessary to very carefully ensure that the sizes of the cap and the connected wires match.

Terminal blocks

Connections using terminal blocks are widely used. The plastic body of the pad contains contact sleeves (usually brass) with internal threads. Reliable contact is ensured by screws that clamp the wire inserted into the sleeve.

Branch cable clamps

To reliably connect wires made of different materials and to branch wires from the main (main) line without breaking it, cable clamps (“nuts”) are used. The “nut” core consists of two pressure dies and a separating central plate.

This entire structure is bolted together. The main feature of cable compression is that the connected cores contact each other only through a steel separating plate.

Often, “nuts” are used when installing an input into a house or apartment to transition from the main aluminum wire to copper internal wiring.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2J-6t4Rfb0

Walnut clamp without cover

"Nut" fully assembled

Connection bars

To connect a large number of working neutral or protective grounding conductors in distribution panels, busbars are widely used. The zero bus is attached to the panel structure or installed on a DIN rail through an insulating stand, the “earth” bus is attached directly to the housing. Both buses have several holes with clamping screws for connecting cores.

Grounding bus

When using screw terminals, the force with which the core is pressed against the contact weakens over time, especially in the case of contact with aluminum. The contact deteriorates and the junction begins to heat up. This leads to the need for periodic inspection and tightening of threaded contacts.

Spring terminals

Screwless spring terminals significantly speed up the installation process. Their design was developed by the German company WAGO in the fifties of the twentieth century. Terminals for construction installation based on flat spring clamps allow you to reliably connect any copper and single-core aluminum wires in any combination without the use of special tools.

The main advantage of spring terminals is that the spring itself is always movable; spring steel clamps create a specified clamping force throughout the entire service life of the terminal. It automatically matches the cross-section of the conductor; force is applied to the surface of the conductor without deforming it. This ensures constant contact.

Wire installation in WAGO 222 series

The use of spring terminals allows you to reduce electrical installation time (this is especially important for large volumes of work), there is a separate terminal space for each conductor, the conductors are not damaged, reliable protection is provided against accidental touching of non-insulated contacts, all connections look aesthetically pleasing and compact.

There are spring terminals with plug-in contacts (for example, WAGO terminals 773, 2273 series). These terminals can only be used for single-core wires. The bare end of the core is simply inserted into such a terminal block with little effort. To disconnect the contact, the wire is also unscrewed from the terminal block with a little force.

Even more convenient are universal terminals - “latches” (for example, WAGO terminals of the 222, 221 series). They can be used when assembling temporary circuits, since establishing and disconnecting contact takes a few seconds. These terminals allow you to connect wires of different materials and different cross-sections.

The tinned busbar ensures a permanently reliable and gas-tight connection. For example, the performance characteristics of the 221 series are 32 A/450 V and a maximum temperature of 105 °C. 221 series terminals can be used at ambient temperatures up to 85 °C.

It is recommended that before connecting the aluminum wire, fill the terminal with a special contact paste that removes the oxide film and prevents further oxidation of the wire. The WAGO product range includes terminals filled with such paste during manufacture.

WAGO 308 with paste

There are special spring terminals for connecting lamps. Typical parameters of such terminals are that on the mounting side it is possible to connect one or two copper or aluminum single-core wires with a cross-section of up to 2.5 square meters. mm; on the luminaire side - any copper wire of the same cross-section. The rated current for copper wires is 24 A, for aluminum - 16 A.

Connecting different materials with a bolt

When connecting copper and aluminum wires, it is necessary to prevent direct contact of these metals. To do this, you can use branch cable clamps (“nuts”). Spring terminal connectors can be used. You can use a regular steel bolt onto which insulated wire ends made of different materials are wound. Between the wires, a steel washer must be placed on the bolt; it is advisable to spring it with a Grover washer for the durability of the connection.

The final view of connecting wires made of different metals

Sleeve connections

The most reliable connection method is a sleeve connection. It is necessary to select the sleeve itself for the cross-section of the wires. Place the wires on one side and the other and use special pliers to crimp the sleeve with the wires.

Crimping the sleeve with a special press

After this, the sleeve is insulated with electrical tape or heat-shrink tubing. Certainly. The connection quality is good, but the work increases significantly. Moreover, it is difficult to select and buy cartridges in a store.

Source: https://electricremont.ru/kak-soedinit-mednye-provoda-mezhdu-soboj.html

How to connect two wires without soldering

It is clear that you can connect two or three wires together by soldering them, but this is the most difficult way, because you need a soldering iron, socket, solder, flux. Of course, the easiest way to connect wires is to twist them. If you know how to do it correctly, such a connection can be quite mechanically strong and provide good electrical contact. Check out the photo below. It shows the method used to join cables together with high mechanical strength.

This method however has its drawbacks. Making such connections is very tedious, especially if there are to be many of them in an electrical installation.

In addition, the length of the cable used for connection is long, which indicates how much less wires we will need for installation if there are really a lot of such connections, or how much we will have to pay to connect the system.

What is important is that under no circumstances can such connections be made under voltage, which sometimes cannot be turned off and you have to work under current.

Precautionary measures

Wires often vary in size and type of conductor. The thinnest wire in the entire system must be able to carry the maximum current that flows in the circuit. In addition, the connection between two wires can further increase the series resistance, especially if it is not a good one or, for example, it does not match the diameter of the wire. This can cause the connection to overheat, which is often observed by inexperienced electricians.

Depending on the voltage and current, different standards apply for these types of connections. These standards exist for a reason, and if you ignore them, you are doing the job at your own peril and risk. Sometimes it ends in a very unpleasant way. A typical example is the possibility of a fire due to the use of an unsuitable electrical connector, even if the connector is located in a completely different location than the fire that occurred.

Now let's look at the most popular and frequently used cable connectors for connecting electrical wires together.

Electrical terminal block

If you want to connect several different electrical circuits together, you can use an electrical terminal block as shown in the figure. The topic of terminal blocks is very broad - this is a huge group of connectors that would be difficult to cover within one article, so let's just study the photo - most of us have already had the opportunity to use this type of connection when installing chandeliers and lamps.

Nuts for cables

These types of connectors (Molex 0191600039) come in a variety of colors and sizes. They are very popular in electrical installations in different countries. They are used for connections in the indoor energy network. Such a nut consists of a truncated cone made of insulating material with a thread inside.

Using this connection is simple - take two insulated ends of the cord, insert them into the cone and twist. This nut makes it easy to connect even very different wire diameters, and also allows you to connect two, three or four wires at the same time.

Provided that all bare conductors are contained within an insulated cone, the connection is completely insulated. However, the connector itself is not very durable and a strong tug may cause it to come loose, which means you should consider whether there might be any mechanical stress in that area.

The good thing about this connector is that you can unscrew it to make changes if you wish.

Wago quick connector

The quick connector (Wago 221) shown in the photo is designed to connect two wires together, but they are available in versions with five simultaneous connections. The insulated cable ends are placed into connectors that snap into place by pressing a lever.

Useful: How to connect a programmable electronic timer to the network

The lever makes it very easy to attach and unfasten the connector - the connection can be reused several times. Additional accessories for Wago connectors are also available, which allow, for example, the entire connector block to be permanently mounted in the housing.

Spade terminals

Anyone who knows about car wiring has seen what spade terminals look like. Here are photographs depicting such a connector: there is a male version (Panduit DNF18-250-M) and a female version (Panduit DNF14-250FIM-M).

Terminals of this type are clamped onto insulated wires using a special device - a crimping tool. Connectors are available in a wide range of insulation colors. Very often the color is also an indicator of the recommended wire thickness at which the terminal should be crimped.

Typically, part of this connection is attached to the relay or other device block, and the other part is slipped over it and located on the cable, but there are also simple crimp connectors.

When using it, make sure that the entire connection is completely isolated. Special insulating gaskets make this quite reliable. Connectors of this type provide a fairly high resistance to accidental disconnection, even for high tensions.

Plug crimp connectors

These connectors use the same crimping and insulating tools as spade terminals, butt connectors (such as the Phoenix Contact 3240061 connector) are often found in the same manufacturer series as automotive terminals.

This connector is simply a metal tube (sometimes insulated) in which the stripped end of one wire is placed at one end of the tube, crimped, and repeated for the other wire on the other side.

Bullet connectors

The specified connection is not separable. This connection is often heard in the English name: Bullet Connector. The photo shows a pair of Panduit connectors: EBV18-4MB-Q and EBV18-4B-Q.

This type of connection consists of a metal tube in which the cable is clamped on one side, resembling a bullet (sometimes with additional insulation), and on the other, a similar tube into which the so-called “bullet” enters. An electrical wire is also connected to the second tube.

Scotchlok connector

Sometimes it is necessary to use an unbroken cable for connection. Of course, you can always cut it and make, for example, a three-way connection. There is a practice for this, which consists of removing a small section of the insulation of the wire and wrapping it with another. However, a much better solution is available - Scotchlock couplings, shown in the picture.

This connector has two tracks. One of them slides along the main wire (insulated), and the other for the butt wire.

The entire connector on both wires is covered, which may require the use of pliers, especially with larger gauge wires or thicker insulation.

When closing the connector, a special knife is pressed into the insulation, which, after passing through it, touches the inner conductor, closing both wires located in the element. This type of technology (with cut contact insulation) is called IDT.

IDT Butt Connectors

Now that we have already presented one type of IDT connector, we will learn about several more connectors of this type. The photo shows an example of an IDT butt connector (Keystone 8377). There are many series of connectors of this type, such as the i-Clamp Keystone shown or the Coolsplice series from TE Connectivity.

Very convenient pedal type connectors, considered one of the most modern.

Fittings connectors

There are also such connectors as fittings. Fully insulated, which means you can work under voltage if necessary.

Summarizing

For all the connection options described above, it is important to remember that some of them - for example, terminal strips or nuts - are universal and very popular, while others are specialized, that is, they serve a specific application. We always need to think carefully to choose the right connector for connecting wires in an electrical network or other installation that we are repairing or creating. And if in doubt, ask in the comments and we will try to clarify the question.

Source: https://2shemi.ru/kak-soedinit-dva-provoda-bez-payki/

Wiring in the apartment. Wire connection methods

  Installation of electrical wiring requires high-quality and safe connection of all conductors.

When carrying out electrical installation work, it is important to know that the connection points in the circuit are the most vulnerable elements, because the reliability of the wiring largely depends on the quality of all electrical connections.

The fact is that 80% of errors when installing electrical wiring occur in this area. Problems with wiring arise due to poor contact in junction boxes, machine terminals or fittings - sockets, switches, lamps.

In the sixties of the last century, all electrical wiring was done with aluminum wire. At the same time, ordinary twists were a standard connection of wires.

Of course, there were not as many household electrical appliances as there are now. The power consumption of all electrical appliances was an order of magnitude lower than the current innovations of civilization.

Therefore, the installation performed with aluminum wiring met the needs, and it was allowed to connect the wires with simple twists.

 Requirements for modern wiring

Today, wiring is carried out only with copper cables and wires, which makes it possible to connect any powerful modern electrical appliances. International standards indicate that aluminum wires are considered the most fire hazardous. Wires can be connected in various ways, specified in the rules for electrical installations - PUE 7.

From this point we see - SIMPLY Twisting is PROHIBITED!!! Twists are only possible as temporary connections before their final installation.

   Here's the thing. Over time, the properties of the contact connection may deteriorate due to various reasons. When twisted, a gap appears between the connected wires and the transition resistance increases. Which threatens to heat up the twist and destroy the insulation of the wires.

Copper conductor oxidizes in air already at room temperature. Accordingly, the contact resistance of the contact increases, the twist begins to heat up and oxidize, which can ultimately lead to an accident. The higher the temperature of the contact connection itself, the faster the contact oxidizes.

The formation of an oxide film leads to an even greater increase in the transient twist resistance.

Welding

When installing electrics, we use welding to reliably connect wire strands in the junction box. Due to the electric arc, the cable cores are heated until a characteristic ball is formed at the end of the twist.

The metal is fused into a single drop, resulting in virtually a monolithic wire.

The resistance of such a connection is very low (it does not heat up under load) and then the current no longer flows through the twist itself, but through the place of least resistance - the resulting drop! This connection will serve you for many years, maintaining its properties.

Screw connections

 To connect wire outlets to sconces or chandeliers, we use screw connections - terminal blocks. Reliable contact is achieved by screws that clamp the wire inserted into the sleeve. A big advantage of connections on terminal blocks is the ability to connect wires made of different materials that do not come into direct contact here.

Bolted connections

  Bolted connection of cable cores is necessary in cases where it is necessary to connect cores made of different metals, for example, aluminum and copper. This connection is assembled from a bolt of a suitable diameter, a nut and several washers.

It is used very rarely. A properly executed bolted connection fully satisfies all PUE standards.

Therefore, when repairing old electrical wiring, when it is necessary to use cables made of different materials, it is better to choose this connection.

Connecting wires using connecting insulating clamps

 PPE caps, also known as connecting insulating clips, are made of a plastic casing containing a cone-shaped spring. PPE is twisted clockwise until it stops.

Thus, the metal spring located in the clamp moves apart and compresses the twist, forming a tight contact. As a rule, we use PPE when there is no other option. When using PPE, you need to ensure that the sizes of the cap and the connected conductors match.

With their help, you can connect several single wires with a total area of ​​up to 20 mm2.

Self-clamping connections type WAGO

   WAGO self-clamping terminals, based on a spring clamp, are ideal for installing spotlights or chandeliers. Inside these devices there is a metal plate, which provides the desired degree of contact.

The wires are connected simply, just place the stripped wires into the terminal connectors, where they will be firmly fixed and the connection between them will be ensured through the conductive material of the internal terminal mechanism. Its main advantage is simplicity, convenience and speed of installation.

If you need wiring installation in your apartment at an affordable price, contact us! We will answer all your questions!

Source: https://elektromontaj-61.ru/stati/provodka-v-kvartire-sposoby-soedineniya-provodov/

Connection of wires. Twisting, soldering, welding, crimping, Wago terminal blocks

When installing electrical wiring in a house or apartment, connecting the wires is the most important point . For trouble-free and safe power supply, you will need a reliable and high-quality connection of wires.

A careless attitude towards connecting wires and cables can lead to very bad consequences. It would seem that there is nothing complicated in connecting the wires, twist them, wrap them with electrical tape and everything is ready, but everything is not as simple as the popular wisdom says “Electrics is the science of contacts” , and the connection of wires and cables must be done with all the care responsibility, because

The percentage of accidents and damage in power supply systems due to poor-quality wire connections is very high. No matter how high-quality the electrical contact between the wires is, the junctions of the wires have greater resistance , which means they heat up more.

And the worse the contact, the more it heats up, which will ultimately lead to melting of the insulation, a short circuit, and then a fire.

In practice, several methods of connecting wires are used, I will tell you about the most common ones.

Connecting wires by twisting

Connecting wires by twisting is common everywhere, but if we turn to the main book of electricians PUE, then according to:

“Connection, branching and termination of cables and wire cores must be done by soldering, welding, crimping or clamping (screw, bolt, etc.)”

As we can see, there is no twisted connection of wires at this point, which means twisting of wires is prohibited. But twists have always been, are and will be used to connect wires when installing electrical wiring. Yes, and well-made twisting can last for decades, but the connection of wires by twisting must be done efficiently. The technology for connecting wires and cables by twisting is quite simple:

• the length of the twist must be at least 4-5 cm;
• The connected wires, stripped of insulation, must be cleaned of the oxidized film, for example, with an ordinary knife or sandpaper;
• It is necessary that the connected wires wrap around each other evenly and tightly, ensuring sufficiently reliable contact.

One “but”, problems may arise when handing over the electrical installation to the fire inspectorate, because... Connecting wires by twisting according to the PUE is prohibited. However, this applies mainly to industrial consumers, retail premises, etc.; a fire inspector will not come to your apartment or private house to inspect it.

Connecting wires by twisting is a necessary measure when there is nothing else left, and it is better to use connection of wires using the methods described below.

Connecting wires by soldering

If the twisted wires are soldered , we get a connection of wires by soldering , which guarantees reliable and high-quality contact, which has a fairly low contact resistance, high conductivity and mechanical strength. But it is important to solder the wire connection correctly; for this you need:

• tin the connected wires with rosin (flux);
• the solder should flow into the twist;
• After the solder has cooled, you can sand it with sandpaper, because sharp edges of the solder can pierce the insulation;
• insulate the wire connection.

But such connection of wires by soldering is very labor-intensive and requires certain skills. The negative aspects of soldering wire connections, I would include:

• need for isolation;
• complexity (not everyone knows how to solder well), and even for those who are good at soldering, doing this, for example, while standing on a stepladder or ladder, to put it mildly, is not very convenient;
• if a mistake was made when connecting the wires, it will not be easy to separate them after soldering, so it is better to leave a larger supply of wires and cables;
• high time consumption.

Connecting wires by welding

Connecting wires by welding provides even better electrical contact between the wires. But here everything is even more confusing than with soldering wires, since you need to have:

• welding transformer;
• welding skills;
• masks (goggles) for welding, special gloves, electrodes;
• construction hair dryer for heat shrink tube.

Wire connections by welding can only be made from homogeneous metals . Such a connection of wires can be found infrequently, our people do not really like difficulties, and many electricians do not like this method of connecting wires due to the large investment of time, but it is worth noting that connecting wires by welding is faster than soldering.

Connecting wires by crimping

Connecting wires by crimping consists of compressing the connecting sleeve (aluminum or copper tube) into which the wires are inserted with special press pliers.

The wires are first stripped of insulation to the length of the sleeve, then we place the wires inside the sleeve and crimp it in two or three places for reliability. If the sleeve is much larger than the wires that need to be crimped, then you can stuff the sleeve with additional wires.

  We insulate the resulting wire connection using crimping tape, or better yet, heat-shrink tubing + hair dryer.

Sleeves for connecting wires by crimping are copper, aluminum and copper-aluminum , i.e. Crimping can be used to connect copper and aluminum wires.

Connecting wires using crimping is quite reliable if done correctly. The skills in connecting wires by crimping will also be useful to you when assembling an electrical panel for crimping NShVI bushings.

The disadvantages include the cost of pressing pliers for connecting wires by crimping and sleeves, the inseparability of connecting wires by crimping, i.e. they crimped the wire in the sleeve and “forgot” about it.

Bolted connection of wires and cables

Bolted connections of wires are usually used when connecting wires made of different metals, that is, if we have one wire made of copper and the other of aluminum, a steel washer must be placed between them.

This connection of wires turns out to be very cumbersome, it is inconvenient to place it in junction boxes and insulate it. Periodic broaching is required.

Connecting wires with screw terminals

Connecting wires with screw terminals , as well as bolted ones, can be used to connect wires made of different metals. This connection of wires satisfies the requirements of the PUE, but requires periodic tightening of the screws in the terminals, which weaken over time, which means the contact itself weakens, which can close over time.

Periodic pulling of screw connections of wires implies that access to the connection in the box must always be open , which will not look very nice in an apartment or private house. Also, when tightening the screw, you can damage the wire itself, especially the softer aluminum one. And if you need to connect a stranded wire, then you need to either solder the stripped ends of the wire or crimp it with tubular lugs.

Connecting wires with PPE caps

Connecting wires with PPE caps (Connection Insulating Clamps). PPE are plastic caps with a conical spring inside, which, when twisted, compresses and fixes the wires, and the plastic PPE cap itself insulates the connection of the wires and is fire and mechanical protection.

 This wire connection is quick and simple; to perform it correctly you need:

• strip the insulation from wires and cables to a length slightly shorter than the length of the PPE cap itself;
• fold them into a bundle, precisely into a bundle, and not twist them;
• use your hands to twist the PPE clockwise onto the bundle of wires;
• tighten the PPE using pliers.

The advantages of such a connection of wires and cables are obvious (no special tools required, no need for additional insulation, speed and simplicity), but there are also disadvantages:

• Do not connect multi-wire wires;
• the quality of such a connection will be worse than those listed above, so I would recommend using these clamps for small loads, for example, in lighting circuits.

PPE caps are divided according to the total cross-section of the wires to be twisted and are designated by numbers from 1 to 5, which indicate the number of wires to be twisted and their cross-section.

Connecting wires with self-clamping (spring) terminals

Well, in conclusion, let’s consider the simplest, most effective, convenient, and most importantly quick connection of wires - self-clamping (spring) terminals . Spring terminals from Wago are widely used, which allow you to connect wires:

• without having any special skills;
• there is no need to purchase special tools (soldering iron, welding transformer, press pliers);
• some Wago terminals have a special paste that allows you to connect copper and aluminum wires and prevents oxidation;
• no additional insulation required;
• quick disconnection of the connection (press the lever and pull out the desired wire).

Wago terminals are produced for connecting wires and cables from 0.75 to 4 sq. mm, the number of connected wires is from 2 to 8. Wago terminals

Wago terminal blocks were invented in Germany.

Perhaps the most significant disadvantage is their price, the average cost of a Wago terminal block for 3 wires will be approximately 11-12 rubles, so if there are a lot of distribution boxes, then the total cost of Wago terminal blocks will be considerable.

You should not use Wago terminals when installing wiring with loads of more than 16 A. In general, it is better to use them maximum on the lighting line for electrical wiring in a private house or apartment, and choose Wago terminal blocks with a margin of at least a step higher.

These are the main methods of connecting wires, each method has its own supporters and opponents who are ready to argue endlessly about the best way to connect wires. In my opinion, a lot depends on the situation, where and how it is necessary to connect the wires, the availability of time for electrical installation, and in some places you can get by with terminal blocks, and in others only with welding.

. Comparison of resistance of wire connections: twisted, welded and terminal blocks.

From the video we can draw the following conclusion that connecting wires by soldering and welding have the same resistance. That is, they are the same in physical properties , but connecting the wires by soldering or welding will slow down the chemical reaction of wire oxidation and preserve the integrity of the wire connection for many years. And if possible, then it is better, of course, to use soldering, welding or crimping to connect the wires.

It is important to remember that aluminum oxidizes faster than copper , and the oxide film on the surface of an aluminum wire has a higher contact resistance than that of copper wires. This impairs the conductivity of the connection (contact) and leads to its heating.

Thank you for your attention.

Source: https://elektroschyt.ru/soedinenie_provodov/

Is it possible to connect wires of different sections - how can you reliably connect copper wires of different sections

How to connect wires of different sections?

In private construction, sooner or later the need to install electrical networks arises. Some people turn to specialists for help, others want to do it themselves. The process itself is not very difficult if you have certain skills and knowledge of safety standards, but this mainly concerns the connection of wires of the same cross-section.

But quite often situations arise when it is necessary to reliably connect three or more wires to each other, and they all have different cross-sections. In this regard, the question of how to correctly and safely connect wires of different sections is currently one of the most pressing when installing electrical networks.

Methods for connecting wires of different sections

Connecting copper wires of different thicknesses is not the most difficult process. However, for maximum reliability and safety, certain requirements must be observed here. There are several ways to connect three wires of different cross-sections:

• welding or soldering;
• using screw clamps;
• using self-clamping terminals;
• bolted connection;
• branch compression;
• using copper tips.

Three wires of different cross-sections can be reliably connected using any of the listed methods, but it is important to remember that when installing sockets and switches, cables of different thicknesses cannot be connected to one contact. In this case, the thinnest one will not be pressed tightly enough. And this, in turn, can negatively affect operational safety.

Connecting wires of different sections by welding or soldering

The simplest, but fairly reliable way to connect cables that have different thicknesses. In this case, three wires can be connected to each other using rigid twisting and subsequent fixation. But here it should be remembered that a reliable connection is only possible between wires of approximately the same cross-section. Twisting of wires whose diameters differ significantly cannot be reliable.

You need to carefully twist three wires of different sections together. Each copper wire should tightly wrap around the adjacent one. The gaps between them should be minimal. Otherwise, this will affect the safety of subsequent operation.

Before you begin directly twisting the three wires, lay them out in front of you and sort them by thickness. You cannot wind a thin wire onto a thick one - this will affect the quality of the contact. Such a connection will not last long.

Connecting three wires of different sections using screw terminals

Three wires of different thicknesses can be reliably connected to each other using special ZVI screw clamps. The clamps have a very convenient design and allow you to create contact between cables that have different cross-sections. The strength of the connection is achieved by using separate screws for each clamp.

You need to select ZVI clamps taking into account the cross-section of the wires that will be connected, as well as their current load. For reliable contact, it is recommended to connect three wires of adjacent sections. Let us conventionally designate the cross-section of the connected conductors as SPP, and the permissible long-term current as DDT. Below are the parameters of clamps and wires:

• ZVI-3 – SPP 1 – 2.5; DDT – 3;
• ZVI-5 – SPP 1.5 – 4; DDT – 5;
• ZVI-10 – SPP 2.5 – 6; DDT - 10;
• ZVI-15 – SPP 4 – 10; DDT - 15;
• ZVI-20 – SPP 4 – 10; DDT - 20;
• ZVI-30 – SPP 6 – 16; DDT - 30;
• ZVI-60 – SPP 6 – 16; DDT - 60;
• ZVI-80 – SPP 10 – 25; DDT - 80;
• ZVI-100 – SPP 10 – 25; DDT - 100;
• ZVI-150 – SPP 16 – 35; DDT - 150.

With the right choice of screw clamp, you can create a truly reliable connection that will ensure uninterrupted operation of the electrical network.

Connect wires of different sections using bolts

Another way to connect wires of different sections to each other is to create contact using bolts, washers and nuts. According to professional electricians, this connection is the most durable and strong. The process itself is not too complicated and takes minimal time. The procedure goes as follows:

• the copper conductors of the wire are carefully stripped (the length of the stripped section of the conductor depends on the diameter of the bolt);
• the stripped core is bent into a loop;
• the loop is put on the bolt;
• an intermediate washer is installed on top;
• then a loop of wire of a different cross-section is put on and secured with an intermediate washer.

This continues until all the wires are connected to each other. After putting on the last loop and the last washer, the structure is firmly tightened with a nut.

Using copper lugs for contact connections

Another very simple way to create a reliable connection is to use copper lugs. They are recommended to be used for contacting large diameter wires. Before starting the procedure, it is necessary to prepare not only the tips themselves, but also special equipment - crimping pliers or a hydraulic press.

Despite all the obvious advantages, this type of connection has one (but significant) drawback - it is quite large in size, due to which the resulting structure may not fit into every junction box. Nevertheless, specialists actively use this method.

The process of creating a contact is as follows:

• wires of different sections are carefully straightened;
• the veins of each of them are stripped to about two to three centimeters;
• a tip is put on each stripped core and clamped using a hydraulic press or crimping pliers;
• Then the bolts are put on, and the wires are connected with a nut.

After all the work is done, you need to carefully isolate the connection point so that no dangerous situations arise during operation.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring and creating contacts using terminals

Universal clamp terminals appeared on the market relatively recently, but almost immediately began to be in serious demand not only among specialists, but also among potential clients who prefer to carry out all electrical work at home themselves.

Using self-clamping terminals, you can create strong and reliable contacts between several wires ( three or more ). The main advantage of such terminal blocks is their almost unlimited functionality - they can be used to connect wires whose sizes vary significantly.

The design of the terminals provides for the presence of holes into which pre-stripped conductors are inserted. For example, you can insert a wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm into one hole, a wire with a diameter of 4 mm into another, a wire with a diameter of 4 mm into the third, and so on. And after connecting them, the contact will be quite strong and reliable.

There are several other ways to connect three or more wires of different diameters, but they are used quite rarely due to the complexity and duration of the process itself. If you want to use one of them, first consult with a specialist who is competent in this area.

Source: https://remont.youdo.com/articles/electric/soedinit-raznie-provoda/

Types of connection of electrical wires in a junction box

In a field such as electricity, all work must be carried out strictly, accurately and without a single mistake. Some people want to figure out such work on their own, not trusting third parties to carry out a responsible mission. Today we will talk about how to properly connect wires in a junction box. The work must be done efficiently, because not only the performance of electrical appliances in the house, but also the fire safety of the premises depends on it.

About the distribution box

In an apartment or house, wires from the electrical panel are routed to different rooms. There are usually several connection points: switch, sockets, and so on. In order for all the wires to be collected in one place, distribution boxes were created. They carry wiring from sockets, switches and are connected in a hollow housing.

So that during repairs you do not have to look for where the wires are hidden in the walls, electrical wiring is laid on the basis of special rules prescribed in the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules).

The main recommendation is that all connections are made in the junction box.

Distribution boxes are classified according to the type of fastening. So, there are boxes for external installation and internal installation. For the second option, you need to prepare a hole in the wall into which the box will be inserted. As a result, the box lid is located flush with the wall. Often the cover is hidden with wallpaper or plastic during repairs. As a last resort, an outer box is used, which is attached directly to the wall.

There are round or rectangular junction boxes. In any case, there will be at least 4 exits. Each outlet has a fitting or thread to which a corrugated tube is attached. This is done to quickly replace the wire. The old wire is pulled out and new wiring is laid. It is not recommended to lay the cable in a groove on the wall. If the electrical wiring burns out, you will have to dig into the wall and disturb the finish in order to carry out repair work.

What are distribution boxes for?

There are many factors that speak in favor of the existence of junction boxes:

• The power system can be repaired in a matter of hours. All connections are accessible, you can easily find the area where the wires have burned out. If the cable was laid in special channels (corrugated tube, for example), then the failed cable can be replaced in an hour;
• Connections can be inspected at any time. As a rule, wiring problems occur at the connection points. If the socket or switch does not work, but there is voltage in the network, first check the quality of the connection in the junction box;
• the highest level of fire safety is created. It is believed that dangerous places are connections. Using a box will keep them in one place.
• minimal time and financial costs when repairing wiring. There is no need to look for broken wires in the walls.

Connecting the wires in the box

There are several ways in which conductor connections can be made in junction boxes. Note that there are simple and complex methods, however, if executed correctly, all options will ensure the reliability of the electrical wiring.

Method number 1. Twisting method

It is believed that the twisting method is used by amateurs. At the same time, this is one of the most reliable and proven options. PUE do not recommend using twisting, since the contact between the wires is unreliable. As a result, the conductors may overheat, putting the room at risk of fire. However, twisting can be used as a temporary measure, for example, when testing an assembled circuit.

Source: https://www.bazaznaniyst.ru/sem-sposobov-soedineniya-provodov/

Connecting electrical wires - reliable methods

First, let's define what a distribution box is? This is a hollow device made of polymer, round, rectangular and square in shape with a lid and special cable entries. Used to connect conductors together.

Today, a variety of conductor connections are made. This diversity depends on various factors:

• wire section;
• core material (CU, AL);
• number of conductors;
• operating conditions (temperature, climate).

Knowing all these factors, connections are selected in such a way as to comply with certain electrical and fire safety requirements. In addition, you need to consider in which places such boxes with conductor connections will be used:

• dry rooms;
• wet areas;
• especially raw.

Connecting electrical wires in a junction box

To determine which connection method to choose under certain conditions, you need to refer to the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules). According to paragraph 2.1.21, from PUE -7 of the main document on electrical installation, all end connections of wires and cables must be carried out by means of:

• crimping with sleeves;
• clamps (using a bolt, screw);
• welding;
• adhesions.

Connecting wires using crimping sleeves

Connecting wires using a sleeve followed by crimping is the most reliable method and has good electrical contact.

How to connect wires:

• strip the insulation from electrical wires of a certain length;

• take a sleeve of the appropriate length and diameter;

• insert bare wires into the sleeve;
• crimp (press) the sleeve in two or three places with a special power tool (press pliers);

• Apply insulating material (heat-shrink tubing) to the sleeve.

If you don't have heat shrink tubing, you can use insulating tape.

You must take into account that the sleeves are selected in such a way that the diameter of the twisted wires matches the inner diameter of the sleeve. You should not use a sleeve that is not the right size.

How to connect wires using clamps - nut or bolt type

The most common way to connect wires is with a Walnut clamp. This clamp received this name because of its external resemblance to a nut. They are produced in different sizes for connecting both thin and thick wires.

The inside of the “Nut” consists of two main and one intermediate metal plates. There are 4 screws along the edges of the plates. The plates themselves are placed in an insulated carbolite housing, consisting of two parts.

The design feature of Oreshok is that aluminum and copper wires can be connected into one circuit using an intermediate plate.

A bolted connection is also used to connect wires. For a certain cross-section of wires, the size of the bolt is selected. For example, for a wire cross-section of 1.5 - 4 mm², a bolt with a diameter of 6 mm is suitable, for a cross-section of 6 - 10 mm², a bolt diameter of 8 mm, 16 - 35 mm², a diameter of 10 mm.

To connect aluminum to copper using a bolt, a washer is also used - a gasket.

After carefully compressing the wires using a nut, this connection is isolated.

Advantages:

• low cost;
• good insulation for "Nut"
• It is possible to connect aluminum conductors with copper conductors.

Flaws:

• loosening of the threaded connection in the “Oreshok”;
• plenty of insulation for bolted connections;
• The connection dimensions are suitable for large junction boxes.

Connecting wires using welding

One of the best ways to connect wires in a box is welding. How is this all done?

To begin with, the insulation is removed from the ends of the wires. Then the wires are twisted together. The ends are ready for welding.

Welding of wires is carried out with a special welding machine with a voltage of 12 - 36 V. The welding current is regulated depending on the cross-section and number of wires, from 70 to 120 A and the power of the device is sufficiently 500 - 600 W. The work can also be carried out using an inverter welding machine.

For welding I use special graphite electrodes for aluminum and graphite-copper electrodes for copper. The work is carried out in special glasses to protect the eyes from the electric arc.

One cable of the welding machine with a clamp or pliers is connected to the twist, and the second to the electrode holder (holders). The electrode is brought to the tip of the twist and when touched, contact occurs and an arc appears, with the help of which copper or aluminum wires are melted so that a droplet appears. This is enough to make the most reliable contact.

The only drawback of this connection is that when disconnecting the wires, if necessary, you will have to bite off the tip of the twist (welding site).

Soldering wires with solder

An equally wonderful option for connecting wires and ensuring good contact is using ordinary soldering. To use this method, you will need a little soldering skill using an electric soldering iron.

It is best to take a soldering iron with a power of 80 W or 100 W - this is what you need. With this soldering iron you can quickly heat the place (twist) where you will apply the molten solder.

For soldering, POS-30, POS-40 solder is best suited. For such solder you will need rosin or SKF flux (alcohol-rosin flux), which is applied to the soldering area before heating.

In addition to the material listed above, specialists use a so-called solder tube for soldering, which contains rosin inside. This tube is sold in almost every electrical goods store.

It is highly recommended not to use soldering acid. After soldering, its trace remains on the twist and over time the acid will only corrode the twist, which will lead to dire consequences.

And so, to solder wires you will need inexpensive material and an electric soldering iron. This connection by soldering is a more affordable and simpler method.

Connecting wires with terminals

One way or another, connecting wires using twists will eventually disappear into summer. And their place will be taken by those materials and devices that will meet the requirements of modernity and a more professional approach.

Today, terminals are increasingly being used to connect wires. One of the nice features of the terminals is the quick connection of wires of different metals, which avoids direct contact between metals.

Existing terminal requirements:

• information about permissible voltage;
• information about the cross-section of the core;
• increased heat resistance;
• reliable fixation of the wire core;
• corrosion resistance.

The terminals are: knife, spring and screw.

Knife terminals are mainly used for grounding or grounding. They are convenient because you don’t need a power tool, you can quickly connect and disconnect the contact, which saves time.

Spring terminals have become very popular. Such terminals include products from WAGO. Using WAGO terminals you will receive: simple and quick installation, reliable connection of conductors.

Screw terminals (terminal blocks) are housing cells, each of which contains a metal tube with screws.

Installation work with this type of terminal is not difficult; you just need a screwdriver to tighten or unscrew the screw that presses the exposed wire core inside the tube.

Connecting electrical wires outdoors

What to do if there is such a need to connect wires on the street, in the open air?

Street connections are made in different ways: using a “nut”, bolted connection, twisting. For some time, such connections perform well, but then oxidation of the wire cores, weakening of the bolted connection, and rust occur. The problem begins.

You need to understand that such a connection will be negatively affected by precipitation, summer heat, and frost. To minimize this impact and make a good connection, you first need to prepare a set of materials:

• IP65 junction box;
• sleeves for crimping;
• conductive paste;
• Heat-shrinkable adhesive tube.

Lead the cable or wire into the junction box. Place the sleeves on the bare wires using conductive paste and crimp them.

If you have one aluminum wire and the other copper, then use copper-aluminum sleeves.

Next, take adhesive heat-shrinkable tubes prepared in advance and cut to the required size and put them on the sleeves.

By exposing the tubes to high temperature, we casing the sleeves. To apply high temperature to the tubes, use a gas burner, a blowtorch or a professional electric hair dryer.

After the thermopipes have cooled, carefully place the finished connections in the box and close the box tightly with the lid.

This connection will provide you with high reliability for many, many years.

Conclusion

In this article you looked at all types of correct connection of wires that do not exist today. Choose the type of connection that is suitable for your operating conditions.

You may not be able to perform some types of installation work due to lack of skills, tools, or you doubt the correctness of your actions. Then resort to hiring a specialist who, due to his experience, will do everything right.

Don’t forget that proper installation of electrical wiring is the key to your electrical and fire safety.

Source: https://electromc.ru/soedinenie-elektricheskix-provodov/