How to drill steel with a drill

How to drill metal with a drill - Metalworker's Handbook

Processing of metal parts is one of the most complex operations. Drilling may be required when working in production, in a house, garage, or in a country house. For these purposes, drilling equipment, drills and additional accessories are used.

Metal products have increased strength and hardness, which requires strict adherence to technology and the use of reliable and high-quality equipment. Drilling holes in metal is required to create a variety of collapsible as well as non-separable connections. For this plumbing procedure, you need a machine or drill, a hammer with a center punch for accurately marking holes and a drill.

How to drill a hole in metal - technology

Processing of metal products is carried out in production, when repairing a car, at home, or in the manufacture of various structures. The use of technology for drilling holes in metals involves the use of machine tools or hand drills. Moreover, the first option requires significant financial costs, since stationary equipment is not cheap.

The technological process of drilling consists in the gradual removal of a thin metal layer during the rotational-translational movement of the drill. Achieving high-quality processing is impossible without reliable axial fixation of the chuck and straight-line feeding. For these purposes, special mechanical type clamps are used - conductors. These additional devices are required when it is necessary to drill a hole in a metal product whose thickness is greater than the diameter of the tool used.

Before starting drilling, mark the center of the resulting hole with a center punch. To obtain high accuracy, it is necessary to select a drill 0.1-0.3 mm smaller than the required size of the area being processed. A slight vibration of the equipment will break the drilled diameter to the required value. To reduce friction, coolant or special lubricant is used. This can be machine oil or plain water.

If the edges of the drill become dull, they must be corrected, otherwise the tool itself and the workpiece can be damaged. When working with hollow objects (boxes, pipes), a special wooden spacer is placed inside. If it is necessary to cut threads, drills are selected taking into account the breakdown of the drilling area. First, use a smaller diameter gimlet, and then drill with the main one.

How to drill metal with a drill

The main problem when working with a drill is holding it manually. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the direction, provide the necessary clamping force and control the drilling speed.

Having placed the necessary marks on the product, the center of future drilling sites needs to be marked, which will prevent the gimlet from moving. The workpiece can be secured in clamps or placed on a special stand. When using hand tools for holes in metals, you must ensure that the drill is strictly perpendicular.

Do not apply excessive pressure to the tool during operation. As the drill progresses, the force decreases, which reduces the formation of burrs at the exit and prevents breakage of the drill. When biting the drill, it is released by reverse rotation.

If a large drilling depth is required (more than five drill diameters), special attention should be paid to cooling the cutting object and constantly removing metal chips. A short type drill is pre-used to obtain the required alignment and feed direction. Chips are removed by turning the part over, using coolant, as well as hooks or magnets.

Drill requirements

To drill a hole in metal efficiently, you need to choose the right drills, taking into account the diameters, as well as the properties of the material. For this, high-speed tool steel is used. When drilling alloy and hardened carbon steel objects, cast iron, stainless steel and other difficult-to-cut materials, carbide drills are used.

Before drilling a hole in solid metal, it must be pre-drilled with a smaller tool. Some cutting products contain cobalt additives, which increase their wear resistance and durability. The letter “K” is added to the marking of this instrument.

Power and speed during operation

Its capabilities depend on the power of the equipment that drills metal. Hand drills with a power of about 500-700 W are designed for drilling areas up to a maximum of 10-13 mm in diameter.

The rotation speed of the cutting tool when working on ordinary metal is low and medium (500-1000 rpm). The use of high speeds is fraught with rapid heating of the drill, which causes its annealing with softening. Drilling deep holes in metal should be done with moderate pressure and low speeds.

How to drill metal correctly

For a complete metal drilling process, the main parameter is the sharpness of the drill. The rate of dulling of cutting edges directly depends on the hardness of the material being processed, feed force, rotation speed, presence of cooling and other factors. The technology for drilling large holes in metal is to initially drill with a small drill, and then use the main one.

For accurate drilling, it is necessary to core the centers of future areas being processed. You can improve the process conditions by first dipping the tool tip into machine oil. In everyday life, ordinary soapy water is used. For the deep drilling process, it is necessary to constantly cool the working tool and promptly remove accumulated metal shavings.

Sheet

When working with sheet-type metal products, it is necessary to place a wooden block under the cut site, which will prevent the appearance of burrs. As a replacement for the bar, you can use any material that is less hard than the main one. At the final stage, it is recommended to reduce the feed force, which will also reduce the likelihood of the formation of dangerous burrs.

Holes in pipes

The main problem with drilling pipes is their precise positioning. In this case, the input drilled location often does not coincide with the output one. Increasing the pipe diameter leads to an even greater error. It is almost impossible to maintain strict perpendicularity by eye, so special purchased or homemade conductors and guides are used.

Stainless steel

Work with stainless steel is carried out at minimum speed, preferably with a cobalt drill. A value of 120-150 rpm will provide the required cutting quality and speed.

In the absence of a speed regulator, the drill is turned on briefly, which will not allow the chuck to accelerate to maximum values. You can use step drills, which greatly facilitate the process.

 For diameters greater than 15 mm, special “crowns” are used. The working element is cooled with fat or olive oil.

Aluminum

The difficulty of working with aluminum products lies in the material enveloping the cutting edges. This makes it much more difficult for the drill to penetrate deeper and at the same time expands the processing area itself. Precision drilling requires removing the drill from the part more often for cleaning and using coolant.

Safety

Any work, including metal work, must be carried out in compliance with all necessary safety measures. Workpieces of medium and large sizes are fixed on special devices or on a machine table. Small parts are held in a hand vice. It is prohibited to hold the workpiece with your hands while drilling.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjueKzIhTVs

Do not touch moving elements or throw belts on the machine pulley as it rotates. The chips are removed with special hooks or brushes. The sleeves on workwear are buttoned or rolled up above the elbow, the hair is hidden under a headdress, and the eyes are covered with safety glasses.

Source: https://ssk2121.com/kak-sverlit-metall-drelyu/

How to drill metal with a drill

Why do some people drill metal quickly and without much difficulty, while for others it resembles an epic, accompanied by broken and dull drills?

Drill selection

Drilling of metal parts is usually performed using twist drills that have two cutting edges in the working part and two helical grooves for removing chips.

The most common are drills made of steel R6M5, drills with cobalt are marked with the letter K (R6M5K5), such a tool dulls more slowly, but also costs more.

Drills coated with titanium have higher strength values. They differ from the rest of the instrument by their yellow coating.

In addition to spiral drills, there are also stepped drills, which have a herringbone shape in the longitudinal section. Made of high-speed steel, they have a pitch of 2 mm, which allows them to make holes with a diameter of 4 to 36 mm in sheet metal.

Lubrication and cooling

During the process of drilling metal, the drill can become very hot under the influence of frictional forces. Due to overheating, the hardness of the drill decreases and it loses its cutting properties.

This can be avoided both by cooling the drill and reducing the friction force. For simultaneous lubrication and cooling of the drill, there are special cutting fluids and paste-like compositions.

Before starting work, liquid lubricant is applied to the drill using a brush or introduced into the hole being drilled with an oil can; the paste is applied to the drill immediately before drilling.

At home, in the absence of special means for lubrication and cooling, you can use machine oil; drilling in ordinary gray cast iron is done “dry”.

Drilling technology

Before starting drilling, be sure to make a small depression in the center of the future hole using a core and a hammer. This will allow you to avoid moving towards the drill at the initial stage of cutting into the metal.

Place a piece of board of the appropriate size under the metal blank. The part will slide less, and the edges of the exit hole will be much cleaner.

Hold the drill so that the drill bit is positioned strictly perpendicular to the plane of the workpiece. Otherwise, the drill will deviate from the intended axis, and the thin one may even break. The use of a special drill stand, spacer or guide makes the work much easier.

At the initial stage of drilling, the pressure on the drill should be barely noticeable. As the drill cuts into the metal, the pressure can be increased slightly.

An indicator of the correct choice of pressing force is the chips produced by the drill. Small chips will indicate that the pressure needs to be increased, thin chips will indicate normal feed, while thick spiral chips will indicate the need to reduce the force on the drill.

The biggest mistakes novice craftsmen make when choosing the speed of drilling metal are by setting the rotation speed of the drill too high. As a result, the drill overheats, quickly becomes dull and becomes unusable.

When drilling metal with a drill with a diameter of 3-4 mm, its rotation speed should not exceed 1000 rpm. As the drill diameter increases, the drill speed should decrease proportionally, reaching 400 rpm for drills with a thickness of 13 mm or more.

Always accompany the completion of the drilling process by reducing the pressure on the tool.

If it is necessary to make a hole with a large diameter, first pre-drill using a drill with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm. Then drill it out with an 8 mm drill and only after that attach a drill of the required diameter in the chuck of an electric drill.

This approach will provide more efficient and faster cutting of metal, reducing the likelihood of misalignment.

Good luck to you! May everything work out for you!

Source: https://steelfactoryrus.com/kak-sverlit-metall-drelyu/

How to drill a hole in metal

Metal products, compared to parts made from other materials, have increased hardness and strength, so to successfully work with them requires adherence to the technological process and the use of high-quality cutting tools.

Tools for metal drilling:

• Electric or hand drill;
• Twist drill;
• Kerner;
• Hammer;
• Protective glasses.

Metal drills are selected based on the diameters of the holes and the properties of the material being processed. As a rule, they are made from high-speed steels, such as R6M5K5, R6M5, R4M2. Carbide drills are used to work with cast iron, carbon and alloy hardened steels, stainless steel, and other difficult-to-cut materials.

The power of the electric drill must be designed to drill a hole of the required diameter. Manufacturers of power tools indicate the corresponding technical specifications on the product. For example, for drills with a power of 500-700 W, the maximum drilling diameter for metal is 1013 mm.

There are blind, incomplete, and through holes. They can be used to connect parts together using bolts, studs, pins and rivets. If a hole is drilled for the purpose of cutting threads, you should pay special attention to the choice of drill diameter. Due to its beating, a hole in the chuck occurs, which must be taken into account. Approximate data are presented in the table.

Drill diameter Hole layout Result

5	10	15	20
0,08	0,12	0,20	0,28
5,08	10,12	15,20	20,28

To reduce the breakdown, drilling is performed in two stages: first with a smaller diameter drill, and then with the main one. The same method of sequential drilling is used when it is necessary to make a hole of large diameter.

How to drill metal correctly with a drill

The peculiarity of drilling metal with a drill is that it is necessary to manually hold the tool, give it the correct position, and also ensure the required cutting speed.

After marking the workpiece, you should mark the center of the future hole. This will prevent the drill from moving away from the specified point. For ease of work, the workpiece should be clamped in a bench vice or placed on a stand so that it takes a stable position. The drill is installed strictly perpendicular to the surface to be drilled. This is important to avoid it breaking.

When drilling metal, you do not need to apply much pressure to the drill. On the contrary, it should decrease as you progress. This will prevent the drill from breaking and will also reduce the formation of burrs on the exit edge of the through hole. Care must be taken to remove chips. If the cutting tool is jammed, it is released by returning it to reverse rotation.

Selecting cutting mode

When using a high-speed steel tool, you can focus on the rotation speed according to the data in the table. When working with carbide drills, the permissible values ​​are 1.52 times higher.

Drill diameter, mm Rotation speed, rpm

up to 5	610	1115	1620
13002000	7001300	400700	300400

Drilling of metal products must be carried out with cooling. If it is not used, there is a high probability that the tool will lose its cutting properties due to overheating. The cleanliness of the hole surface will be quite low. An emulsion is usually used as a coolant for hard steels. At home, machine oil is suitable. Cast iron and non-ferrous metals can be drilled without coolant.

Features of drilling deep holes

Holes are considered deep if their size is greater than five drill diameters. The peculiarity of the work here lies in the difficulties associated with cooling and chip removal. The length of the cutting part of the tool must be greater than the depth of the hole. Otherwise, the body of the part will block the screw grooves through which chips are removed and liquid for cooling and lubrication is supplied.

First, the hole is drilled with a rigid short drill to a shallow depth. This operation is necessary to set the direction and centering of the main tool. After this, a hole of the required length is made. As you progress, you need to remove metal shavings from time to time. For this purpose, use coolant, hooks, magnets, or turn the part over.

Source: https://tehnouzel.ru/tehnologii-remonta/kak-prosverlit-otverstie-v-metalle.html

How to drill with a drill correctly and evenly

In the repair industry, the ability to drill correctly is one of the basic skills. In addition to the general rules, it is important to take into account all the nuances when working with a specific material: concrete, tile, metal, etc. All issues related to drilling will be covered in this article.

• Choosing an electric drill: which one is better?
• How to remove a drill from a hammer drill

As already mentioned, drilling is the most common activity for a repairman, and therefore it is important to immediately learn a few basic rules associated with this activity.

• Use of suitable tools. There are many drills, each of which is designed for a specific type of material. Therefore, you should not try to drill concrete with a wood drill and vice versa. It is also important to consider the conditions in which the tool will be used. For example, industrial drills cannot be used for interior repairs (this is simply unsafe). It is also important to take into account resistance to moisture: for outdoor work you will need a tool of class IP34 if the climate in the area is humid and IP32 if you have to work in good weather. IPX2/ can be used indoors
• Correct markup. Before starting any work, it is important to carefully and accurately mark the drilling locations with a marker. You can also put paper tape under the marker to prevent the drill from slipping on the material.
• Selecting the required drilling speed. Here everything depends equally on both the material and the diameter of the blade. If we are talking about very thin drills (with a diameter of less than 3 mm), then you need to work at low speeds, less than four hundred per minute. For other drills, the following rule applies: the thinner the drill, the higher the drilling speed required.

It is also important to ensure that the handle is securely attached to the shaft of the hand drill. The drill must also not be allowed to skew.

How to drill metal correctly + ()

The first thing to start with is the selection of drills. They are distinguished by a sharp edge designed to allow the drill to easily penetrate the metal. Regular metal drills are good for not too hard metals like copper or aluminum, but for something harder (for example, stainless steel) you need to take products made of titanium carbide or chrome-vanadium alloy.

We should also talk about optimal speeds. A common mistake beginners make is using too many turns. In fact, for hard metals, medium speeds are used: for example, brass one centimeter thick will be optimally drilled at a speed of 2000-2500 rpm.

There are a few more points to cover. So:

• If a thin iron plate needs to be drilled, it must be secured between two pieces of wood. This is done so that the sheet of metal does not tear off.
• It is necessary to use lubricating oil from time to time to cool the drill and facilitate the drilling process.
• If you need to make a hole in the pipe, it must be securely fastened. To prevent the pipe from being flattened by the drill, a piece of hard wood should be placed inside.

If you follow these simple rules, then even a beginner will be able to perform high-quality drilling.

How to drill concrete walls + ()

In everyday life, you have to drill into walls most often, because without this it is impossible to hang a shelf, a cabinet, or install a cornice. Of course, it is better to use a hammer drill or impact drill for this purpose.

These tools are powerful enough to handle hard materials like concrete or brick. However, if the wall thickness does not exceed 10-12 cm, then you can get by with a regular drill.

But you shouldn’t take risks if you only have a low-power tool at your disposal - if it comes into contact with concrete, it can simply break. If the drill is selected correctly, then the following tips will be useful:

• Before starting work, you should make sure that there are no pipes or other communication systems in the drilling area.
• The drills used for such work must be made of hard metals or alloys. The best option would be diamond-coated drills.
• If during drilling you come across too dense areas of concrete, they need to be punched out using a small hammer and a pin (punch).

Although it is generally possible to drill through a concrete wall with a drill, it should still be done with caution. Otherwise, the damage can be quite serious. It is better to use specialized tools for this.

How to work with tiles using a drill + ()

Often people who do not have extensive experience in the field of repairs are afraid to drill into such a fragile material as tiles. However, this can become an urgent necessity, because you need something to attach various cabinets and shelves in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet.

Alas, in many respects the condition of the tile after drilling is determined not by the master who takes up the drill, but by the one who laid the tile. A competent tiler lays the tiles so that no voids form between the tiles and the wall. In this case, careful drilling will not harm the tile in any way.

If there are “air pockets” between the wall and the tile, then most likely the tile will crack.

In order to properly drill through the tiles, you need to take a drill, masking tape, or a hammer drill (or a powerful drill with drill bits for concrete). Next you will need to perform the following steps:

1. The drilling location is marked with a piece of masking tape and a marker. The tape is here to prevent the nail from sliding on the surface of the tile.
2. Drilling is carried out strictly perpendicular to the material. The number of revolutions should increase gradually: from the minimum possible to 150-200 revolutions per minute. This way you can avoid damage to both the material and the tool.
3. It is important to ensure that the drill does not overheat. If smoke starts coming out, the drill needs to be cooled down immediately.

Once the holes are made, you can insert dowels into them. This is done with a hammer.

Drilling cast iron - how to do it correctly + ()

Cast iron is a fairly hard material, so drilling it is very, very difficult. In addition, cast iron products are fragile, so it is important not to crumble them. Like other materials, cast iron has its own subtleties when it comes to drilling.

• There's no rush. This is perhaps the most important rule when working with cast iron. Everything must be done slowly, with extreme care and attention.
• The drill must be made of a very hard and durable alloy, in addition, it must be perfectly sharpened. To prevent cast iron from crumbling, you need to take drills with an angle of 114-119 degrees.
• It is unacceptable for the drill to overheat. Sometimes they don’t pay attention to the fact that the instrument is overheated. And this can lead to poor quality work or even breakdown.

How to carefully drill through wood + ()

Wood is one of the “easiest” materials when working with a drill. However, there are some subtleties here too.

• The drilling speed directly depends on the type of wood. Loose, not too hard types of wood will be suitable even for a low-power device. Of course, the expected diameter of the hole also plays a role - the larger it is, the more powerful the drill is needed.
• In order to make large holes, you need to use special core drills. Their diameter can exceed 120 mm. As for depth, on average crowns are suitable for materials up to 20-22 mm thick, but there are also special models that can cope with thicknesses of more than 60 mm.
• If you need to make a blind hole rather than a through hole, then Forstner drills, which are available in diameters from 1 to 5 cm, are perfect for this.

We should also talk about drilling timber. Although it is convenient to fix it for further drilling, the large thickness of the material creates certain difficulties. Drilling timber for further fastening in the dowel holes. For a standard beam 18 cm thick, it would be best to take a drill with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 36 cm.

You will need to drill slowly, at low speeds. In terms of power, a 1300-1500 W drill is perfect. If the beam is not very long, then two holes on each side will be enough. If the length of the beam for the dowels is long enough, then it will be necessary to make an additional hole in the center.

After the holes are made, you can drive the dowels into them using a hammer or small sledgehammer.

At what speed should you drill?

One of the important parameters when drilling is the number of revolutions per minute. The speed at which you need to drill depends on the type of material and the type of drill. There is a general rule: the harder the material and the thicker the joint, the lower the number of revolutions per minute should be. As for the specific numbers, they can be seen in the table below.

drill diameter, mm	soft wood	solid wood	plastic (acrylic)	copper	aluminum	steel	Notes
1.5-4.8	3000	3000	2500	3000	3000	3000	When drilling metal thicker than 3 cm, lubricate the drill thoroughly with oil.
6.4-9.5	3000	1500	2000	120	2500	1000
11.1-15.9	1500	750	1500	750	1500	600

Source: http://instrument-blog.ru/elektroinstrumenty/kak-sverlit-drelyu.html

How to drill metal correctly with a drill

Drilling a hole in the wall may seem like a piece of cake. However, if you choose the wrong tool for a particular surface material, the drill may become dull or even break, and scratches and cracks may appear on the surface. To prevent this from happening, you need to know certain nuances of doing the work. How to drill, how to properly prepare the surface and select a drill, we will consider further.

The tool must be held correctly in your hands. The drill should be positioned straight and enter the surface in a vertical direction. To make drilling easier and more accurate, you can use an additional handle, which usually comes with the drill.

Based on what type of surface you are working with, you need to select the material and size of the drill and determine the operating mode of the tool.

Here is the main principle of how to drill correctly: the material of the cutting tool must be harder than the material of the surface being drilled. Imagine the following situation. Let's say you decide to drill into a concrete wall using a drill bit designed for wood. You can rest assured that nothing good will come of this, and you will have to throw away the drill. Therefore, the type and material of the drill must be carefully selected for each type of surface.

Drilling a concrete wall

1. Selecting a drill. If the surface is brick, stone or concrete, you need to use a carbide drill. Typically, pobedit drills are used for such purposes. They do not cut the material, but turn it into crumbs, so they are ideal for concrete or stone walls.

But they are not intended for making holes in plastic, wood or steel. If you try to drill a wooden wall with a Pobedit drill, the wood fibers will break and the hole will be ugly, sloppy and larger in diameter than necessary.

You won't be able to drill through steel with this drill at all.

Drill, hammer drill and concrete bit.

2. Surface preparation. Before drilling a wall, you need to make sure that there are no electrical wiring, heating or water pipes in this section of the wall. For this purpose, it is most convenient to use a metal detector. It reacts both to iron and steel objects, and to objects made of non-ferrous metals. Using a metal detector, you can find out where electrical cables run and determine how deep you can drill.

Holes with a diameter of less than 13 mm are made with a drill, and wider holes with a hammer drill. However, several large holes can be drilled with a drill if its chuck is suitable for a conical drill with a diameter of 13 mm.

3. Drilling process. First you need to outline where the hole will be made.

 It doesn’t matter whether you use an impact drill or a hammer drill, in some cases, to start drilling, you need to switch the device to a simple drilling mode without impacts and make a hole at low speeds.

This makes it easier to start drilling, the drill will not jump around the surface and you will be able to drill more accurately. And after you have marked the location of the future hole, you can switch to impact mode and add speed.  

If you are using plastic dowels, the hole should be deeper than the length of the dowel. As a rule, during the drilling process, a certain amount of crushed material in the form of dust remains in the hole; it is necessary to leave a length margin of 10 mm.

Those who have repeatedly worked with a drill know that holding it in the required position is sometimes difficult. The tool itself has significant weight, in addition to this, vibration occurs and dust flies during operation. To avoid dust getting on the operator and the tool itself, there are special dust collectors on the market today.

Drilling metal

1. Selecting a drill. To make a neat hole in a metal surface, you should purchase a high-quality metal drill. In this case, you should not use cheap drills, since they will not only not drill through the base, but will also cause a lot of trouble. Therefore, try to buy only proven, high-quality drills from well-known manufacturers. The normal price for a good drill is about 300 rubles.

Types of drills and bits for metal.

2. Surface preparation. Before drilling metal, it is necessary to punch the middle of the hole so that the drill does not slip off the surface. This work is performed using a center punch, which is a pointed metal rod. The center punch is hit with a hammer, and its tip knocks out a notch in the surface. Thanks to this, the drill can be fixed in one position, and the hole will be correct and neat.

3. Drilling process. To make a hole in metal whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, it is advisable to use several drills. First, the work is performed with a drill with a small diameter, and then drilled with a large drill to the desired diameter. First, turn on the drill at low speeds, then increase the speed slightly.

To make drilling metal easier, it is advisable to place a board under it. This will make the holes smoother and neater.

When metal is being processed, the drill becomes hot. It is advisable to lubricate it with a special paste or coolant before work. If you don't have it, regular machine oil will do. The exception to this rule is gray cast iron, which is always dry drilled.

To remove the drill from the resulting hole, you need to turn the drill in the opposite direction, if its mechanism has such a function.

Often, for drilling metal, a drill stand is used, to which the tool is attached. In this case, at the beginning of work, it is necessary to press its handle only lightly, and when chips start to flow, the pressure should be increased.

Drill installed in a drill stand.

There is a direct relationship between the thickness of the drill and the number of revolutions of the tool. Remember that the larger the diameter of the drill, the lower the speed. Let's say if you use a drill 4 mm in diameter, the tool speed is about 2400-2800 per minute. If the drill diameter is 6-8 mm, the number of revolutions is much lower - approximately 1200-1300 per minute.

Drilling tiles

For more details, see a separate article How to drill ceramic tiles - select a tool and drill according to all the rules: /stroitelnye-raboty/70-kak-sverlit-keramicheskuyu-plitku.html

1. Selecting a drill. There are special drills for working on ceramics and glass. You can replace them with a concrete drill with pobedite surfacing, if you have certain work skills. In this case, the concrete drill should not be very worn.

On the left is a drill for concrete, on the right for tiles.

Drills used for drilling tiles.

2. Surface preparation. Tile is quite slippery and hard, but at the same time fragile.

If you use a regular concrete drill for drilling, it is difficult to do work on tiles, because the drill begins to slip and scratch the base.

To avoid problems during the work, a piece of adhesive should be glued to the area where the hole will be made. If you use a special drill for tiles, then you don’t need to do this, the only thing is that if it is dull, it needs to be sharpened.

3. Drilling process. Now consider how to drill tiles. It is impossible to drill the tile itself using the impact mode, so as not to break off the glaze. First, drill the tiles. In this case, the pressure force should be small.

Work is performed at low speeds. After the tile is drilled, the impact mode is turned on and a hole is made in the wall.

If the tile was drilled with a special drill for ceramics, then after passing through the tile it is replaced with a drill with a Pobedit tip.

Drilling chipboard and wood

1. Selecting a drill. Holes less than 10-12 mm in diameter are usually made with a metal drill. Special drills for wood need to be purchased only when the hole diameter is large enough, or when high demands are placed on the quality of work.

Wood drills come in several types:

• spiral;
• single-stranded (twisted);
• ring (crowns);
• feathers;
• Forstner cylindrical drills.

If transverse drilling is performed, use a center drill, and if longitudinal, use a spiral drill.

Above is a spiral drill, below is a twisted wood drill.

Above are feather drills, below are Forstner drills for wood and chipboard.

Various versions of crowns for drilling large holes in wood.

2. Surface preparation. A recess is made in the middle of the hole using an awl to prevent the drill from slipping. To prevent chipping after the tool comes out, a block is placed on the back side of the board.

3. Drilling process. Perform work at low or medium speeds. Chipboard has a particularly fragile structure, so to avoid peeling of the coating, drills with sharp edges are used, and a block is placed under the base.

Source: http://ooo-asteko.ru/kak-pravilno-sverlit-metall-drelyu/

How to drill hardened steel at home

To improve the basic characteristics of the metal, it is often hardened. This technology involves increasing the hardness of the product due to strong heating of the metal and its rapid cooling. In some cases, after heat treatment it is necessary to perform drilling. By increasing this characteristic, drilling hardened metal becomes more difficult. Let's take a closer look at all the features of drilling hardened steel.

How to drill through hardened steel

Drilling a hole in hardened steel

The widespread question of how to drill through hardened steel can be associated with the fact that when using conventional technology, the tool quickly becomes dull and becomes unusable. That is why you need to pay attention to the features of drilling hardened alloy. Among the features of the technology, we note the following points:

1. It is necessary to properly prepare the hardened workpiece.
2. In some cases, a special tool is required.
3. Coolant is being used.

If necessary, you can make a drill for hardened steel with your own hands, which requires certain equipment and skills. However, in most cases, a purchased version is used, since it will cope better with the task when cutting hardened steel.

Hardened steel drilling process

Nuances when drilling

The technology in question has a fairly large number of features that need to be taken into account. Drilling of hardened metal is carried out taking into account the following points:

1. Before carrying out work, pay attention to the hardness of the surface. This parameter is used to select the most suitable drill. Hardness can be determined using a variety of technologies.
2. During drilling, a large amount of heat is generated. This is why rapid wear of the cutting edge occurs. In this regard, in many cases, cooling liquid is supplied to the cutting zone.
3. When cutting difficult-to-cut material, it is necessary to sharpen the cutting edge from time to time. For this, a conventional sharpening machine or a special tool is used. Only diamond-coated wheels are suitable as an abrasive.

Steel Drilling Tool

There are a variety of methods for cutting hardened steel. Some of them significantly simplify the processing. Only by taking into account all the nuances can the quality of the resulting hole be improved.

Useful drilling techniques

A variety of technologies can be used to work with hardened steel. The most common technologies are characterized by the following features:

1. Surface treatment with acid. This technology is characterized by long-term use, since it takes quite a lot of time to reduce the surface hardness. Sulfuric, perchloric or other acid can be used for etching. The procedure involves creating a lip that will contain the substance used in the cutting zone. After prolonged exposure, the metal becomes softer, and it will be possible to drill using the conventional version.
2. You can use a welding machine to achieve your goal. When exposed to high temperatures, the metal becomes softer, which greatly simplifies the procedure.
3. Most often, a special drill is used. There are versions on sale that can be used for processing hardened steel. In their manufacture, metal with increased resistance to wear and high temperatures is used. However, the complexity of manufacturing and some other points determine that the cost of a special tool is quite high.

In addition, to achieve this goal, a punch is often purchased. It can be used to make a small hole, which will simplify further drilling.

Use of lubricants

When drilling through hardened steel, serious friction occurs. That is why it is recommended to purchase and use various lubricants. Among the features of this processing method, we note the following points:

1. First, the drilling area is processed. A small amount of lubricant is applied to the surface where the hole will be located.
2. Oil is added to the cutting edge. To process hardened steel, a small amount of the substance is required, but it must be added from time to time, since it scatters when the tool rotates.
3. During work, it is recommended to take breaks to cool the cutting surface and the surface being processed.

Lubricating steel with special oil

Special oil not only simplifies drilling, but also increases the service life of the tool used.

This is because oil can reduce the temperature of the cutting edge.

Twist drills, which are represented by a vertical rod with two grooves, have become quite widespread. Due to the specific arrangement of the grooves, a cutting edge is formed. Among the features of the choice, we note the following points:

1. The pobedite drill bit has become quite widespread. It can be used to work with various hardened alloys. However, a surface with too high hardness cannot be processed with such a tool.
2. The choice is also made based on diameter. It is worth considering that it is quite difficult to obtain a large diameter hole. The larger diameter version is much more expensive due to the use of a large amount of material in its manufacture.
3. Attention is also paid to the sharpening angle, the purpose of the product and the type of material used in manufacturing. For example, cobalt versions are characterized by higher resistance to high temperatures.
4. It is recommended to pay attention to products exclusively from well-known manufacturers. This is due to the fact that Chinese versions are manufactured using low-quality materials. However, such an offer is much cheaper and can be used for short-term or one-time work.
5. When choosing a drill, you can be guided by the markings. It can be used to determine which materials were used in production. The diameter of the hole that can be obtained when using the tool is also indicated.

Drill for hardened steel

In a specialized store you can find almost everything you need to carry out the work. However, the fairly high cost of the product and some other factors determine that some decide to make a drill themselves from scrap materials. Similar work can be done if you have the required tools.

If necessary, a drill can be made from hardened steel. Among the main recommendations for carrying out such work, we note:

1. Rods are selected that are made from tungsten and cobalt alloys. People call this metal victorious. Compared to a conventional drill, this version is characterized by increased wear resistance.
2. To process the workpiece, you need to secure it in a small vice. Otherwise, the work will be quite difficult.
3. To sharpen such a surface, a diamond stone is required. The usual one will not withstand long-term work.
4. The end surface is sharpened to create a surface that resembles a flat-head screwdriver. The cutting edges are then sharpened to produce a sharp tip.

In order to reduce the degree of surface machinability, oil is added. This ensures long-term processing due to reduced friction and lower temperature.

Homemade drill bits

In conclusion, we note that processing of hardened steel should be carried out exclusively with the use of special tools. The work requires a drilling machine, since a manual one will not allow you to get the required hole.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/tehnologii/kak-prosverlit-kalenuyu-stal-v-domashnikh-usloviyakh.html

How to drill metal with a drill?

Hi all! You can write a very long article about how to drill metal with a drill if you wish. But I see two main problems here:

• inability to drill accurately in the place where the hole is required
• rapid dulling of drills

Typically, inexperienced users encounter such problems. Experienced men know what to do in such cases. Well, considering myself an experienced person, I will take the liberty of telling you how to cope with these problems. Well, I’ll also give you some tips that will also come in handy.

How to drill in the right place?

If you think about this question a little, the answer should come to your mind even without a hint. Well, at least it seems so to me. But if you don’t want to think, then read.

For this case you will need a core. This is a tool made of durable steel, having a cylindrical shape and a point at the end.

We place the tip at the desired drilling location and hit the roll on the other side with a hammer several times.

Now that you have finished drilling, place a drill on the surface of the roughness and start drilling - the tip will not run away anywhere.

How to avoid dulling drills?

Metal drills become dull if they get too hot during operation, causing them to lose their strength. Heating occurs due to friction. Moreover, the faster it spins, the more it heats up.

Hence the obvious rule - you need to drill at low drill speeds. They should be no more than 1000 per minute. But who will measure this during work? So just don't press the start button all the way. The correct speed can be assessed as follows: the eye should see the rotation of the drill. That is, the grooves on it should not merge into one for vision.

When working with thick workpieces, additional cooling is necessary. It is provided by special lubricants or pastes that are added to the drilling site, or the drill is dipped into them. In addition, they not only cool, but also lubricate the tip, resulting in less friction.

In domestic conditions there is no need to have special lubricants and pastes. You can get by with regular machine oil.

So, use a core, drill low and add some lube or oil and this job will be a cakewalk.

Well, a few more tips on this topic.

Drill types

For drilling, use only metal drills (not wood, for example). They have their own sharpening and are made from certain types of steel. The most common ones are marked P6M5 - this is high-speed steel, which foreign manufacturers label as HSS.

To provide additional strength, the above drill bits are coated with titanium nitride. That's why they are yellow.

There are also stronger P18, which are used respectively for hard steels.

Also, to increase strength, cobalt can be added, and then the marking P6M5K5 is obtained.

Well, the most durable ones are drills with carbide tips. They are used for drilling alloy steels. It will also take ordinary steel, but buying it just for this will be somewhat savvy, since the price for them is quite high, and although it is hard, it still dulls. But it will be difficult to sharpen it later, since this requires a diamond blade, which is also not very cheap, and you can’t buy it everywhere.

Drilling thick workpieces

If the workpiece has a thickness of more than 5 mm, and you need a hole larger than 8 mm, then it is better to first make a hole with a thin drill, and only then work with a thick one.

Working with some types of metal

• When drilling into thick aluminum pieces, chips often clog the drill channels, making it more difficult to rotate. Therefore, when working with such material, remove the drill from the recess more often and remove the chips. Well, don’t forget to pour plenty of oil on it.
• If you need to drill black cast iron, then you do not need to add any lubricating and cooling substances, since it drills very well even dry
• Unlike black cast iron, white cast iron has increased strength, which means strong drills and lubricants are required to process it.

These are the basic rules for drilling metal with a drill.

I hope I was able to bridge this gap in your knowledge. Good luck with your homework and see you soon!

Source: http://instrument-tehnika.ru/kak-sverlit-metall-drelyu/

How to drill metal with a drill? — Machine tools, welding, metalworking

When purchasing drills, you need to have one because conventional drills made of high-speed tool steel (nettle, P6M5) are intended for metals that do not have high hardness. To drill through metal of increased hardness, you will need carbide drills. Such drills are made entirely of carbide or have only a carbide tip.

Before drilling begins, it is not known what hardness the metal is to be drilled.

Therefore, if you see at the first moment of drilling that the drill does not penetrate the metal, you must immediately stop drilling, otherwise the drill will be irretrievably damaged, overheating without losing hardness. Evidence of this will be the appearance of a dark blue color.

Before drilling into metal whose hardness is unknown, of course run a file over it. If the latter does not leave marks on the metal, then the material has increased hardness.

How to drill metal

When drilling metal, the sharpness of the drill is very important; the drill becomes dull in a short time. The rate of dulling of the drill depends specifically on the speed, feed force, cooling and other factors, but no matter how hard you try, if you are drilling a non-aluminum alloy, the working time of the drill until it becomes unsatisfactory is measured in minutes.

Before drilling, you need to mark the hole by tapping it. To do this, you need to install the tip of the center punch (dowel) in the expected center of the hole without hitting it with a hammer. Punching is necessary to prevent the drill from slipping at the first moment of drilling. If the mark from the core is not large enough to hold the drill, then you should first widen the recess with a small-diameter drill.

To create better drilling conditions, it is advisable to dip the tip of the drill in machine oil, as it is also called, and drop it onto the core site. Oil in the drilling area helps to better cool the drill but does not make metal cutting easier.

A drill used to drill with oil is less dull, requires less frequent sharpening, and does not last longer. For antifreeze, a special emulsion, soapy water, and kerosene are also used. According to some craftsmen, lard is a good non-cooling lubricant.

Before drilling, a rotating drill is immersed in a piece of lard, which melts during drilling and does not have a lubricating or cooling effect. In any case, the simplest and most inconvenient remedy is soapy water. Just like oil doesn’t stain, but of course everyone has soap.

It is enough to drop it once at the beginning of drilling and not throughout. Of course, periodically dip the drill in a soapy solution.

When through drilling with a large feed, a burr (burr) is formed at the exit of the hole, to which the drill clings with its side cutters. Upon completion, sometimes there is a sharp blocking of the drill, or its fracture or, in other words , chipping of the cutter, and under such circumstances the drill becomes particularly dull. Such stops have a negative impact on the condition of the drill.

To avoid burr formation, you need to finish drilling holes in the metal with low feed. It is also advisable to place a wooden block under the part being drilled, which prevents the formation of a burr. The bar, not the workpiece, should be pressed tightly against the loved one.

For greater effect, there is an option to place not a wooden block, but a plate of the same, or less hard, metal, which should be tightly pressed to the point where the drill exits.

Analysis 3. drilling metal

This video shows an example of a common mistake when drilling metal . About how to check correctly.

you have to drill steel, but often you have to drill other metals that have their own drilling characteristics. Aluminum, for example, envelops the drill, making it difficult for it to penetrate deeper and widening the resulting hole.

If you need to drill a precise hole in aluminum (for example, for a thread), you must use coolant and remove the drill from the hole more often to clean it. Regular gray cast iron drills relatively easily and does not require coolant or lubricant. But drilling in cast iron can bring surprises.

There are high-strength gray cast irons that must be drilled with a carbide drill. White cast iron, whose main structural constituent is cementite, is very hard and requires a high-strength drill.

Large diameter holes should be drilled in stages. First you need to drill the part with a thin drill, then drill the hole to a larger diameter. For example, it is better to drill a hole with a diameter of twelve mm in two or three steps. sequentially with drills 5, ten and twelve mm.

Dull drills need to be sharpened promptly. It is better to do this with a sharpening device, but you can do without it. In this case, you need to pay attention to the symmetry of the drill tip.

If the sharpened edges do not meet exactly in the center, the hole drilled with such a drill will have a larger diameter, since one cutting edge will be longer than the other. The standard point angle (angle between cutting edges) is 118°.

When drilling, you need to maintain the verticality of the drill relative to the metal surface (if you do not need to drill an inclined hole). When making holes in thin sheets, this requirement is not as important as for thick-walled or hollow parts.

Drilling pipes, for example, often results in the inlet and outlet holes being offset from each other. the greater the larger the pipe diameter.

It is quite difficult to maintain the perpendicularity of the drill by eye, so you can use homemade or purchased drilling jigs or guides that ensure the perpendicularity of the drill.

Conductors are also needed for drilling two or more holes in mating parts. The best way to ensure hole alignment. This is drilling them together. When drilling holes for rivets, drilling the assembly is a must.

Once you've drilled the first hole, you can use it to bolt the pieces together so you can drill the remaining holes without worrying about the pieces moving relative to each other. If drilling the mating parts in the assembly is impossible or inconvenient, then a jig or guide must be used.

You should know that no matter how accurately the mating holes are marked and cored, they will still not coincide absolutely exactly, since when drilling even a cored hole, the drill will move slightly to the side.

Source: https://stanki-info.com/kak-sverlit-metall-drelyu/

How to use a drill: insert and remove a drill, correctly drill metal, cast iron, how to make a smooth perpendicular hole

The drill began to look familiar to modern builders in the mid-twenties of the last century. Then they decided to give it the appearance of a pistol with a button to replace the trigger. Now this device occupies a special place in any construction work. Thanks to the huge variety of attachments, it becomes truly indispensable. But many novice craftsmen still do not know how to properly use this drill.

Main functions

The drill is designed for drilling holes in various surfaces. The instrument was invented by Wilhelm Fein in 1895.

The plastic case of the product contains the following parts:

1. Electrical engine;
2. Start button;
3. Gearbox;
4. Reverse;
5. Capacitor;
6. Retainer;
7. Impact mechanism.

Using threads and a screw to secure it, a chuck is attached to the drill spindle to hold the bit. The equipment, which is used to perform various jobs, can rotate both clockwise and counterclockwise. This is done thanks to reverse. Its use is permitted only when inserting the nozzle into the surface and unscrewing the screws. You can run it for a short time at low speed.

Drill operating modes

Previously, to make holes in surfaces, you had to hit them with a bolt. Nowadays this kind of work can be done quickly using a drill with the correct settings. It has two main operating procedures:

• Unstressed. The mode is intended for performing metalwork or carpentry work.
• Shock. Used on concrete, stone or brick surfaces. At the same time, the drill rotates around its axis and makes translational movements.

Each task has its own speed limits. They are manually adjusted in two ways.

Ways to adjust the speed of the drill:

• Mechanical. On the tool itself there is a scale on which you can set the required speed. If it decreases for any reason, then the torque element increases. The output power does not change even when performing heavy loads. The speed can be changed while the drill is operating.
• Electronic. When using it, the speeds are regulated using a built-in rheostat. If a person presses the corresponding button weakly, the speed remains low. The greater the force that is applied to the drill button, the higher the speed rises (up to the set limit). To limit the extreme position, a wheel on a button is often used. When using this control method, the output power is reduced.

You should not select a nozzle rotation speed or operating mode that does not comply with the recommendations in the technical manual for the device. Each material and type of work has its own standards, and they should be followed.

Preparing for work

Proper preparation should be made before starting work. To determine whether a tool is ready to perform tasks, there are several conditions:

1. When the drill is started using the power cord, it must be connected to the mains;
2. If it operates using a battery, it must be connected and charged;
3. A drill is inserted and fixed inside the drill.

Important! To obtain a straight hole, the working side of the nozzle should be as sharp as possible. Therefore, to use the tool, you should take new attachments, or sharpen blunt equipment with a grindstone.

To check the functionality of the drill, you need to click on the power button. If the chuck rotates fast enough, there is enough charge and you can start working. If it rotates very slowly, then the battery is discharged and needs to be recharged.

Drill fixation mechanism

It is difficult to perform tasks using a drill that is inserted incorrectly.

It may fly out or break, then the hole in the surface will turn out crooked.

The drill is equipped with a jaw chuck.

This means that the adjusting ring moves along the surface of the hollow cylinder. The chuck is attached to the drill shaft using a base with a threaded or tapered hole.

How to insert a drill correctly

To properly secure the equipment, you need to know some nuances. The hole, which acts as a clamping device, has a depth of 2 cm. The deeper you can push the drill inside, the more securely and firmly it will be fixed.

Standard drills have one of two types of clamping mechanisms:

• Manual - it must be tightened by hand;
• Key - fastening occurs using a key.

Modern drills are equipped with a quick-release (manual) chuck. It has a simpler device and quickly fixes the drill.

To secure the equipment in the chuck, they work according to the following scheme:

1. In a stationary position, the chuck jaws are connected. The adjusting ring is turned counterclockwise by hand. This is done until the cams are completely separated. The distance will be slightly larger than the size of a standard drill;
2. The drill is then inserted as deep as possible. For precise fastening, its diameter should be in the range from 2 to 13 mm;
3. To tighten the drill, the adjusting ring is turned in the opposite direction;
4. Now a special key should be inserted into the hole on the cartridge. The teeth on it should close with those located on the instrument;
5. The key is turned clockwise with little effort until it stops. If the chuck has several holes for the key, you should gradually turn it in all of them so that the clamp is uniform.

Less common is a quick-release mechanism that should be locked without using a key. It can be with one or two sleeves for adjustment and anti-slip notches. If one sleeve is used, the device must be kept stationary. If there are two sleeves, then only the part fixed to the spindle does not move. The moving part should be turned clockwise by hand.

How to remove a drill from a chuck

Before removing the attachment, make sure that the drill is not plugged into an outlet. If the tool is powered by a battery, you need to eliminate the possibility of accidentally pressing the start button.

If the device of the tool requires a chuck with a key, proceed as follows:

1. The drill turns off, the chuck stops completely;
2. The key is placed in the chuck hole;
3. The key is turned counterclockwise to move the chuck;
4. The cartridge is unscrewed by hand, at which time the jaws move apart;
5. The drill is removed;
6. The key is placed in a pocket or other convenient place. Often, craftsmen glue a piece of electrical tape to the drill wire to hold the key.

Please be aware that the attachment and chuck become hot when rotated. Therefore, you should not grab them with bare hands, it is better to use gloves when you want to change the drill.

How to remove a drill from a drill without a key

Some drills use a keyless chuck. If removing the attachments does not involve using a wrench, proceed as follows:

1. Release the power button;
2. Wait until the rotating chuck comes to a complete stop;
3. Take the drill chuck with one hand and turn it counterclockwise with the other;
4. Pull out the nozzle with your hands after the chuck jaws move apart;
5. Place the nozzle in a visible place so as not to accidentally lose it or step on, for example, a table.

You cannot start pulling out the equipment until the chuck has completely stopped after turning off. It is also prohibited to stop the cartridge with your hands, as this may cause serious injury.

Source: https://2lzz.ru/elektroinstrument/drel/kak-polzovatsya

How to drill metal with a drill - detailed step-by-step instructions

Drilling through metal with a drill is not as easy as compared to wood, brick or mortar. There are also certain properties.

For your convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into detailed instructions.

1. You will need these tools: a drill, a drill bit, coolant (machine oil is better, but water is also fine), a center punch, a hammer, and safety glasses.
2. When drilling metal occurs on a surface placed horizontally, we place a block of wood under the product and mark it as best as possible. When working vertically, rigid fixation is very important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
3. We carry out the markings, after which we use a center punch and a hammer to mark the center of the future hole.
4. Pour coolant into a small container.
5. We put on glasses for protection.
6. Let's start drilling. Do not put strong pressure on the drill, because it is better to work at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term activation is suitable until the tool is too late to reach the highest speed.
7. Remember to cool the drill more often.
8. When drilling is not performed strictly perpendicularly, but at an angle, there is a possibility that the drill will jam. If this happens, then set the switch to the reverse position. This will help you avoid injury and prevent you from breaking the drill.
9. If you did everything correctly, then even in everyday conditions, using a low-power drill, you will be able to make a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick inclusive and with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. We will talk about more difficult missions below.

Metal drilling work

Is it possible to drill out metal with a cement mortar drill?

It is possible, but this is only in case of emergency for shallow holes with a small diameter. Not profitable.

It is better to use either standard metal drills with steel grade R6M5 or improved ones - R6M5K5.

The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. On the market you can find a drill called “Cobalt”. We will not vouch for all manufacturers; we will only remind you that opinions on functional use in a large number of cases are positive.

How to drill with a step drill in metal?

Step drills are universal - just one is allowed to make holes of various diameters (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most productive when working with thin metal, when you need to get a neat edge.

They are better installed in a cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore, when used correctly, they work much longer, but the price is much higher than usual. The principles of working with them are the same, but it is easier to drill large-diameter holes than with traditional twist drills.

  Should I drill a metal-plastic window or not?

Is it possible to drill out metal with a drill from Pobedit?

The working principle of metal drills is to cut, and with pobedite soldering, divide materials. Brick, cement mortar, and stone are better suited for this. Thanks to this, as mentioned above, you can, of course, drill out metal with a cement mortar drill, but it will instantly break and the pobedite solder will break.

Revolutions

What is the larger hole diameter? the lower the speed should be. The greater the depth? it is therefore necessary to gradually reduce the pressure on the drill. With a drill diameter of up to 5 mm, the torque does not have to be more than 1200-1500 rpm. Based on this, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in large diameter metal?

Basically, a significant part of drills for household use have a power from 500 to 800 W, which makes it possible to drill holes with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. In metal up to 2 mm thick, using step drills it is allowed to make holes up to 40 mm.

With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better suited.
Bimetallic crowns performed well when working with stainless and carbon steel and non-ferrous metals.

They also work well with multilayer materials, such as wood, chipboard, plywood, plastic, acrylic glass, asbestos cement sheet.

Bimetal bit When drilling deep holes with each tool, a magnet can be useful periodically to remove the chips.

The process of drilling metal
Much attention must be paid to safety precautions, be sure to protect your eyes from chips, and if there is skew and jamming, immediately turn off the drill and change the torque to reverse movement.

In the absence of electricity or when the roar of a working tool can disturb those around ( read : when is it allowed to make repairs so as not to quarrel with neighbors?) - an excellent solution when drilling metal is a hand-held mechanical drill, in other words, a brace. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, exactly what is needed. Of course, there are also disadvantages - time-consuming and rapid fatigue. Using this simple “old-fashioned” method, you can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We believe that our recommendations will be useful to you.

Additional information in this video.

• drill
• metal drill
• drill
• metal
• drill

Source: http://kvartal-club.com.ua/polezno-znat/kak-sverlit-metall-drelju-podrobnaja-poshagovaja.html

Drilling precise holes in metal with a drill. Secrets of mastery

Good mood to everyone! Today we’ll look at the issue of drilling precise holes in solid metal with a drill. The topic may seem quite simple, but still, there are certain secrets of skill, having mastered which you will drill holes with particular ease.

Drilling holes in metal using a drill and special tools

At home, it is often necessary to drill holes in metal to install fasteners and other mechanical parts. Although in some cases it is possible to drill holes quite accurately using a conventional hand-held electric drill, to obtain high-quality work, you should use a vertical drilling machine. To change the rotation speed of the machine, you need to move the drive belt from one pulley to another.

Drill markings and design features

One of the options for marking drills (according to sizes) is to indicate their diameter in millimeters.

To drill large recesses, you can install a hole saw instead of a drill - a cylinder with teeth that can cut holes up to 150 mm in size and a depth of up to two-thirds of the height of the saw itself.

You can also use a special drill, which differs from the usual one by the presence of an elongated L-shaped cutting edge. Special drills are available for drilling conical or cylindrical recesses for the heads of fasteners, such as bolts, rivets or screws.

Read also: Types and purpose of metal turning tools

To give the drilled hole precise geometric dimensions, provided that the diameter of this hole does not exceed 35 mm, it is necessary to process it with a reamer. This processing is done manually or on a machine. Hand reamers are straight drills with four or more cutting edges that gradually machine the inside of the hole as they rotate. Machine reamers are installed in vertical drilling machines.

Precision drilling of metal on a machine

When drilling precise holes, you should always use a special cutting fluid that reduces friction and cools the drill during operation. In addition, it is necessary to use clamps and a vice for precise, stationary installation of the workpiece. When marking the drilling site, you should use a center punch, with which a small depression is made at the drilling site.

When drilling on a machine, to determine the position of the hole, you need to use a ruler to draw two short lines intersecting at right angles in the center of the hole. To prevent the drill from slipping, it is necessary to make a small depression in the found center using a center punch and a hammer.

Determining tool rotation parameters

Determine the required rotation speed and set the machine to rotate at this speed. To set the rotation speed, you need to open the casing cover and loosen the belt tension by unscrewing the handle that secures the motor in the casing.

To change the speed, the engine moves forward and the belt is moved from one level of pulleys to another in accordance with the necessary change in speeds, which are determined from the nameplate or operating instructions. The lowest speed is achieved when the belt is placed in its lowest position - between the smallest motor pulley and the largest spindle pulley.

On the contrary, the highest speed is achieved when the belt is installed in the uppermost pulleys. Next, you need to make sure that the belt is tensioned horizontally between the pulleys, move the engine to its original position and tighten the knob securing the engine to the casing.

Setting up tools and fixtures

Before drilling begins, the drill is installed in the chuck and tightened.

Don't forget to adjust the vertical movement of the spindle by lowering the drill along the workpiece and moving the stopper to the desired point on the graduated stopper movement scale.

The spindle rises to a height sufficient to install the workpiece under the drill and is fixed in this position. The workpiece is moved so that the intended hole is exactly under the drill. The workpiece is clamped securely before drilling begins.

Subsequently, it is necessary to lower the spindle sleeve lock and turn on the drilling machine. Squeeze a drop of coolant and lubricant onto the recess, lower the drill with the lever and start drilling. Even pressure should be applied during operation. A brush is used to remove shavings and sawdust.

The appearance of smoke from the drilled hole indicates the need to check the color of the metal shavings. They should be white or straw yellow. Blue color means overheating. In this case, you need to add cutting fluid or reduce the rotation speed.

After finishing drilling, you must slowly release the feed handle and turn off the machine.

Drilling precise holes in metal with a hand drill

If there is no need to maintain the precision when drilling holes that a vertical drilling machine provides, you can use a powerful hand-held electric drill. However, if this drill is not multi-speed, then when drilling holes in metal, it should be turned on for short periods of time by briefly pressing the switch in succession.

The key to success in most cases depends on how you hold the drill. Before drilling begins, the workpiece is clamped in a vice or pressed firmly to the table. Then, without turning on the drill, the end of the drill is installed on the point marked with the center punch. To increase the starting point, you can manually rotate the drill chuck several times while pressing on the drill bit.

After applying the cutting fluid, the voltage will turn on. The drill body is held motionless with the left hand, the tool itself is pressed with the right hand when the drill begins to increase speed. If possible, place a vertical square next to the drill to make it easier to install the drill in a vertical position.

This will make it easier to drill precise holes.

Read also: Chiseling and planing as a type of mechanical processing.

If the drill cannot go deep into the surface of the metal workpiece, a second, larger depression is made using a center punch at the desired point.

Safety precautions when working with a hand drill

When working with drills, safety rules must not be neglected. To prevent the risk of accidents when drilling metal products, the following instructions must be strictly adhered to:

•  It is prohibited to drill a product that is held only by hands;
•  It is forbidden to work with loose long hair or loose clothing that is not fastened, as well as wearing gloves, since there is a danger of the glove material being caught by the drill;
•  Safety glasses should not be neglected;
•  Before turning on the machine, make sure that the drill in the chuck is tightened tightly and the key is removed.

I recommend watching this video to reinforce the material:

Perhaps we'll end here. Drilling precise holes in metal is useful not only at home but also when performing industrial tasks.

Bye everyone! Write your comments and share the article via social networks by clicking the buttons below.

Andrey was with you!

Source: http://mextexnologii.ru/obrabotka-metalla-i-metrologiya/sverlenie-tochnyh-otverstiy-drelyu-sekrety-masterstva/