Wood chip sizes
The wood spindle drill is very popular among carpentry craftsmen due to its high performance, in which it is unlikely to be compared with standard twist drills for a similar purpose.
Drilling pens do an excellent job of forming holes with a diameter of 5 to 60 mm, not only when working on wood, but also when processing other materials ( chipboard , MDF , plastic, drywall, etc.).
As for the cleanliness of the cut, it is not ideal here, so perka is in most cases used to perform rough processes. Feather drills have an elongated rod body with a cutting tip and a hex shank.
A carpentry device with a central point and a pair of incisors branching off from it received its name due to the special shape of the working part, made in the form of a feather. Spade drills come in both single-sided and double-sided, and cut in one or two directions, respectively. A sample with a one-sided cutter has a cutting angle of 75-90°, while for a double-sided drill this parameter is 120-135°.
Advantages and disadvantages
One of the main advantages of feather drills is their affordable price. If we compare them with cylinder drills, then the pen models have a large range of working areas, while the cost of such samples is several times less. The length of the tool is 15 cm, but the hole can be deepened by 30 mm by using a special extension.
The wood tip drill has a simple configuration, thanks to which it can be sharpened without any problems both on professional equipment and manually, and you do not need a special expensive sharpener, but a regular file will be enough.
In practice, craftsmen use such drills quite widely, drilling with them not only wooden material, but also thin sheet metal.
The hexagonal shank of the product allows you to tightly fix the drill in the power tool chuck, completely eliminating its rotation.
Along with the advantages, feather drills also have disadvantages, and first of all this concerns the limitation of the cutting diameter, since the maximum groove diameter here will be no more than 60 mm.
The drilling process in this case is carried out exclusively with pointed end cutters, while the rounded sides of the tool, when in contact with the edges of the groove, leave small wood fibers on them.
Because of this feature, the surface of the hole becomes rough and takes on a not very neat appearance. Another disadvantage of the perka drill is that the tool quickly becomes dull and requires re-sharpening.
Dimensions
Depending on the nature of the work, craftsmen purchase individual copies or a complete set of feathers, which usually includes the most popular nozzles of the following diameters: 25 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm and 60 mm.
It is these diameters of joinery that will allow you to cope with standard tasks when forming various holes.
If you need to cut a groove with a diameter of more than 60 mm, it is better not to purchase feather drills, as they will not be able to cover a large area of the material and the drilling will not be correct.
Operating rules
To ensure that the drill bit does not become deformed during operation and that the work is completed correctly, it is necessary to follow the basic rules for its use. Before starting drilling, craftsmen recommend marking the place where the hole will be formed and using a core to make a small indentation at a given point.
Whenever possible, when working with pen-shaped drills, it is better to use a drill with variable speed control. The thing is that in this case the diameter of the pen is directly dependent on the cutting speed: the larger the size of the cutter, the lower the shaft rotation speed should be, and vice versa.
If you neglect this rule, you may encounter an unpleasant moment when, at high speed, rapid wear of the cutters will be provoked or the drill will simply break.
If you need to drill deep holes, initially purchase a special extension. Such an auxiliary device, installed on wood drill bits, is equipped with a locking element, which is clamped using a 3 mm hexagon, making the cutter itself and its extension turn into a single piece.
Selection rules
All companies that produce carpentry tools produce feather drills, so to select a quality sample, do not be lazy to familiarize yourself with the following product parameters:
- configuration - must be symmetrical;
- cutting elements must be smooth, which indicates the decent quality of the factory model;
- the absence of any defects on the drills is mandatory, since chips and all kinds of irregularities are more likely to be characteristic of handicraft products.
In addition to the signs listed above, pay attention to the color of the pen drill, because it can tell a lot about the quality of the metal. If the cutting element in front of you is steel-colored with a gray tint, then it did not lend itself to additional processing that improves the quality of the drill. Dark metal indicates that the manufacturers strengthened the product with steam, thereby increasing the strength of the nozzle.
If the drill is produced using a special technology that involves removing material by internal pressure, the metal will acquire a golden color.
The highest quality factory drills have a bright golden color, which is typical for products coated with a layer of titanium nitride.
This coating significantly increases the service life of the tool by enhancing its strength characteristics, which means that with its help you can drill grooves longer, and you will need a mandrel for feather drills much less often.
Properly sharpening the tool
The feather drill is the easiest to maintain, and you can sharpen it without any problems with your own hands at home, and this can be done using a flat file. If you have a sharpening machine, the process will be even easier.
Before sharpening a dull pen, carefully inspect the new tool, which is good for checking the shape of the incisors when editing them. Pay special attention to the tip - it is turned exclusively in the center.
Even the slightest deviation relative to the axis will negatively affect the drilling progress and the wood will not be processed properly.
Source: https://moy-instrument.ru/masteru/pyorka-po-derevu-razmery.html
Spade drill for wood: video on how to sharpen
Wood is a material that can be easily processed with various tools. One of their types may be a drill. You have to use a drill quite often when processing material.
The holes that need to be drilled can be of different diameters, as well as blind or through.
- Twisted or single-stranded
- Ballerina
- Crown
- Forstner drill bit for wood
- Feather drill
- What is a drill?
- Features of use
- How to sharpen a feather drill?
For small sizes, a metal tool is usually used, but for larger diameters, a specialized large-diameter wood drill is used.
There are several types:
There are, but are rarely used, drills for cutting conical tenons, cork drills, etc., etc. Let's look at some of them.
Twisted or single-stranded
A spiral, or screw, wood drill is available with two types of working tips: conical and special scoring tips. The basis is a cylindrical rod, the working part of which is formed by helical spiral grooves. The grooves effectively remove chips during operation.
Used for making deep holes. Using this tool, the holes are even, smooth and neat.
Ballerina
It is an adjustable device with cutters. The gimlet in the center carries out preliminary drilling, and the cutters cut around the circumference. When setting the desired diameter, the cutters move along the guide at the same distance from the gimlet and are securely fixed.
Due to the design features, deep holes cannot be made . The maximum hole size does not exceed 300 millimeters.
Crown
Used for drilling shallow through holes. A disk is used as a base, in the center of which a spiral gimlet is installed. Saw blades are installed in special places. Usually produced in sets with canvases of different sizes up to 100 mm.
Forstner drill bit for wood
The Forstner drill is mainly used in furniture production to drill holes of precise diameter. It makes it easy to make a blind hole. Milling cutters are available with different working surface diameters: 10, 16, 24, 27, 32, 36, 38, 40, 45, 50 (mm). The price depends on the diameter, the larger it is, the higher the price.
It is a drill consisting of a cylindrical shank with two cutting edges and a circumferential edge. The cutter is characterized by perfectly smooth hole edges and a long service life.
Feather drill
Quite often, feather drills are used for drilling any type of wood.
A feather drill is designed to make through holes of different diameters. Of course, you can drill with other types of drills, but the advantage of a feather drill is the following:
- low price;
- good diameter selection step;
- easy to use, no pre-coring required;
- high performance;
- possibility of using an extension cord.
The disadvantages include the quality of work and fairly rapid wear of the cutting parts, and therefore are usually used for rough operations that do not require a clean surface.
What is a drill?
Structurally, the drill is made in the form of a rod. The upper part of the rod is a hexagon designed to be clamped into the drill head. The lower part, the working one, has the shape of a blade, which has two specially shaped cutting blades sharpened on its sides. Thanks to this shape, the blade cuts into the wood, removing chips around the circumference. In order for the drill to be stable during operation, a centering point is made in its very center below the blade.
By their type, drills can be single-sided or double-sided. The bevel angle of the cutter for one-sided is 70−90 degrees, and for double-sided it is 115−135 degrees.
The drill has a standard length of 150 mm. Using a special extension, the depth can be increased to thirty centimeters.
So, we can distinguish the following parts of the tool:
- hex shank;
- shoulder blade;
- cutting blade;
- trimmer;
- centering point.
At points of sale you can purchase both a set of feather drills for wood and single ones. They are produced in different diameter sizes. On the blade there is a number indicating the diameter of the hole in millimeters that it can make, for example, 50. The maximum usable diameter is sixty millimeters. No longer produced, as the tool would simply break under such a load. The most popular set consists of diameters: 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 25 (mm).
The tool is distinguished by color:
- Golden. The material was processed with internal pressure removal.
- Dark. Heated steam treatment was carried out to increase the strength of the material.
- Bright gold. The surface is coated with titanium nitride, which increases the service life of the tool.
- Steel. No additional processing.
Features of use
It is better to use such a drill with a drill that has adjustable speed. They must be set to medium mode, since when working at high speeds, the likelihood of drill breakage increases. It should be noted that the larger the diameter of the drill, the lower the rotation speed should be set.
During operation, the middle of the drill should be set strictly perpendicular to the workpiece, the pressing force is light. The chips that appear in the hole created, due to the design of the drill, must be periodically removed. If this is not done, it will become impossible to control the drilling process, and the load on the drill and tool will also increase.
I would like to highlight such an interesting tool as an adjustable pen drill. This tool allows you to make holes with a diameter of 22 to 76 mm. Such a device is very convenient to use for non-standard diameters, for example, 23 mm, 52 mm, etc. Work is exclusively carried out at low rotation speeds, using a power tool.
How to sharpen a feather drill?
As mentioned above, the disadvantage of a pen tool is the rapid wear of the cutting edges, but at the same time, sharpening them yourself is not difficult.
Any abrasive material can be used for sharpening . Sharpening can be done manually or on a machine. It is best to sharpen the cutters according to the sample, and try to sharpen the tip in the center. When sharpening a pen drill for woodworking, you must be very careful not to accidentally damage the tip.
After finishing the sharpening process, it is necessary to perform a test drilling and, if necessary, adjust the cutting blades or alignment.
To summarize, it should be noted: the choice of tool will primarily depend on the requirements for the quality of work when processing the material, as well as technological conditions. For one-time work, you can use a cheap tool, while for permanent work it is better to use drills produced by well-known manufacturers Bosch, Makita, DeWalt, Heller. They are made from high-quality materials, which will ensure a clean cut and a longer service life.
Source: https://instrument.guru/osnastka/perevoe-sverlo-po-derevu-video-kak-zatochit.html
Wood drill sharpening
Not all people who are accustomed to working with their own hands know how to sharpen a drill for metal.
Processing materials, and especially metals, is always a complex process and includes many operations.
To carry out sharpening, you need a sharp, reliable device.
In addition, when buying a drill, it is important to understand that it will have to be sharpened quite often due to the frequency of use of the cutting part.
And if it becomes dull, then it becomes unsafe to work.
Frequently asked question: what to do with a wood drill?
Technology for sharpening drills of various types
There is no need to worry here, because due to interaction with such a soft material, the tool can work without sharpening for more than one year.
But with metals the situation looks different - after a couple of months you can notice signs of loss of sharpness. How do you know when it's time to sharpen your tools?
The drill begins to hum or squeak when starting work. It generates heat and overheats.
Such a tool breaks down much faster, making metal processing impossible.
You can sharpen a drill using a machine or a special device.
If possible, it is better to trust such a process to professional equipment, but if you don’t have it at hand, you can really do everything yourself at home.
The most popular way is to make a machine with a sharpening stone at home, which is easy to use and does not require significant expenses.
The question of sharpening a drill for metal torments many people, because the center line of the cutting part can have a varied design: one cavity or two, and it can also be conical, cylindrical or helical.
Sharpening should be done correctly along the back edges. The angle at which the tool is fed into the machine plays a big role.
An incorrect angle can damage the drill beyond repair.
The cutting part itself consists of an edge - it must be the sharpest in order to cope with metals, as well as an auxiliary screw, a jumper, and the back and front surfaces.
Initial stage of work
:
First of all, let’s decide what you will need in the process of sharpening with your own hands.
When sharpening a drill for metal, and even with your own hands, you always have to look for an alternative to factory tools, because there are special sharpening machines in production.
At home, the minimum set for sharpening a metal drill will be more difficult to find.
First you need to buy special grinding wheels.
Usually you need one circle, but with frequent use it will wear out quickly, so it is better to take several at once, for a reserve. The circle itself is installed on a rotating shaft with your own hands.
We also need a container and the coolant itself: here you can even choose water or engine oil.
While the drill is being sharpened, it will also heat up at the same time. If it is not cooled, then during operation it will fail faster due to the temperature difference.
It is equally important to maintain the angle; here eye control is unacceptable. It is because of this problem that people buy a special device so as not to constantly carry out tedious calculations.
It is necessary to know the angle of approach of the metal drill. The main angle is the rake angle, it can be defined in the main cutting plane as the angle between the front part and the base of the cutting part.
The rear angle has the same parameters, only on the rear plane. The angle at the top can be seen if you look at the metal drill from the side: it is located between the two edges.
It is believed that for the front angle you need to maintain a slope of 20 degrees, and for the rear - 10 degrees. The angle at the top is the same in all metal drills and has a value of 118 degrees.
Don't forget to take precautions when working with your own hands. Since we have to work with sharp parts, it is better to protect our hands with gloves. Be sure to wear glasses while sharpening.
In the process, small particles will fly off from the circle, which are also very overheated.
Watch the position of the tool, because if the feed angle is incorrect, it can be torn out of your hands.
Let's start the sharpening process
First, let's look at how to properly sharpen a drill yourself using sandpaper.
The main process falls on the back. We turn on the device with emery and, holding the metal drill tightly, bring it to the circle so that the cutting part is directed towards the sharpener.
We will get a parallel arrangement of the drill relative to the mechanism. Having sharpened the tool in this way, we get a high-quality drill for metals.
This simple sharpening is suitable for drills with a diameter of no more than 10 millimeters.
If it increases, then you can add the total sharpening time, pay more attention to the front side, and so on.
You can sharpen a drill in this way until the diameter exceeds 16 millimeters.
However, for devices with large diameters, or when working with dense metals, a machine may be needed.
This device allows you to make sharpening safer and correctly control the angle of inclination.
In addition, if you need to constantly be able to sharpen your tools, then your own machine will come in handy.
It is especially beneficial to install such a device at home if you need to sharpen carbide drills for metal.
There are certain requirements according to which sharpening should be carried out only on a machine:
- if we work with drills that are used to work in blind holes, with a reduction in the axial cutting force;
- working with universal tools that have great strength, which makes it possible to process durable metals;
- work with a point of smaller thickness if drilling to a significant depth is required.
The main task that the machine must perform is not just sharpening, but correctly orienting the drill along the metal relative to the circle. Therefore, its design has a base plate.
Both the machine itself and the engine, the shaft of which allows turning, are installed on it. There we also connect the rotary column on which the drill will be attached.
It rotates in a position convenient for us - another plus in the ability to position the tool.
Advantages of using the machine
Another feature that the machine provides is movement with the help of a motor.
Therefore, it is realistic to use any bearing assembly with a shaft as a column.
At the end of the shaft we will have a mount for the drill. It is best to use bolts for secure fixation.
After the tool is fixed, turn on the sharpener, and the column itself is brought to the circle so that the back of the metal drill is turned to sharpen.
This is convenient, because even before turning it on, we can set the correct angle to sharpen the drill.
There is also a machine that has a more compact design.
The main disadvantage of a conventional device is that you cannot take it outside the garage, and you need a lot of space inside the room.
Therefore, there is an option to use an attachment machine.
In such a device, on one side there is a connecting unit, thanks to which the attachment is installed on the drill spindle, and on the other, you can find a hole for drills for metals.
It’s easy to sharpen a tool in this way, even with your own hands - just insert it all the way and turn on the mechanism.
The riskiest option is sharpening with a grinder or other portable device with a moving wheel. What is the danger? It will be extremely difficult to secure the device.
And the slightest shifts during work can result in injuries. A grinder cannot achieve high quality; it is only suitable for metal drills with a small diameter.
And after the sharpening process, you cannot do fine-tuning.
Finishing is an important part of the process when it is necessary to sharpen a tool.
In factory conditions, it allows you to remove all irregularities at the end of the procedure and make the cutting part smooth.
If the drill is solid and uniform, it will last much longer and better.
If desired, finishing can be done at home. To do this, we simply change the circle to one made of silicon carbide.
What should those who have a pobedit drill bit with tips for the strongest metals do? Even it can be sharpened, despite the fact that such a device wears out much more slowly.
A diamond stone is used as a grinding wheel. With this process, an emery wheel simply will not give the desired results.
Before sharpening a tool, it is worth measuring the soldering, because if it is less than 10 millimeters, there is no point in sharpening. Only a complete replacement is needed.
Remember that the harder the tool material, the lower the wheel rotation speed should be.
And for a pobedit metal drill, the speed is generally at a minimum so as not to damage the cutting part.
Sharpening is carried out with short and smooth touches, excluding sudden movements.
If we are talking about soldering, then they are sharpened in the same way as ordinary drills - from the back side.
Source: https://stroyvolga.ru/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0% B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%83/
How to sharpen a feather drill
Wood is a material that can be easily processed with various tools. One of their types may be a drill. You have to use a drill quite often when processing material.
The holes that need to be drilled can be of different diameters, as well as blind or through.
- Twisted or single-stranded
- Ballerina
- Crown
- Forstner drill bit for wood
- Feather drill
- What is a drill?
- Features of use
- How to sharpen a feather drill?
For small sizes, a metal tool is usually used, but for larger diameters, a specialized large-diameter wood drill is used.
There are several types:
There are, but are rarely used, drills for cutting conical tenons, cork drills, etc., etc. Let's look at some of them.
How to sharpen a feather drill for wood. How to sharpen a metal drill at home
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Dimensions
- Operating rules
- Selection rules
The wood spindle drill is very popular among carpentry craftsmen due to its high performance, in which it is unlikely to be compared with standard twist drills for a similar purpose.
Drilling pens do an excellent job of forming holes with a diameter of 5 to 60 mm, not only when working on wood, but also when processing other materials (chipboard , MDF , plastic, drywall, etc.). As for the cleanliness of the cut, it is not ideal here, so perka is in most cases used to perform rough processes.
Feather drills have an elongated rod body with a cutting tip and a hex shank.
A carpentry device with a central point and a pair of incisors branching off from it received its name due to the special shape of the working part, made in the form of a feather. Spade drills come in both single-sided and double-sided, and cut in one or two directions, respectively. A sample with a one-sided cutter has a cutting angle of 75-90°, while for a double-sided drill this parameter is 120-135°.
How to sharpen a wood drill correctly
The wood spindle drill is very popular among carpentry craftsmen due to its high performance, in which it is unlikely to be compared with standard twist drills for a similar purpose.
Drilling pens do an excellent job of forming holes with a diameter of 5 to 60 mm, not only when working on wood, but also when processing other materials ( chipboard , MDF , plastic, drywall, etc.).
As for the cleanliness of the cut, it is not ideal here, so perka is in most cases used to perform rough processes. Feather drills have an elongated rod body with a cutting tip and a hex shank.
A carpentry device with a central point and a pair of incisors branching off from it received its name due to the special shape of the working part, made in the form of a feather. Spade drills come in both single-sided and double-sided, and cut in one or two directions, respectively. A sample with a one-sided cutter has a cutting angle of 75-90°, while for a double-sided drill this parameter is 120-135°.
Feather (feather) drill for wood: types and features of operation
To drill holes in products made of wood, you can use tools of various types, differing in design, material of manufacture and geometric parameters. One of these tools is a feather drill for wood, the design features and technical characteristics of which are worth dwelling on in more detail.
Feather drills differ in the shape of the cutting part and the sharpening of the blades
When do you need a special tool for drilling wood?
The question of how and what is the best way to drill a hole in a product made of chipboard, MDF, plywood or solid natural wood is relevant not only for carpentry specialists and those who professionally make furniture, but also for home craftsmen who prefer many jobs around the house do it yourself. The choice of drills for wood in such cases is made depending on what type of holes need to be drilled:
- blind, without an exit from the opposite side of the product (intended for mounting hinges on interior doors or on doors that are equipped with furniture structures);
- through (threaded connection elements (bolts and studs) are placed in them; without such holes it is impossible to install door handles and locks).
The main purpose of feather drills is to quickly make through holes of small depth. When drilling blind holes, be aware of the protruding tip of the drill bit.
For woodworking, you can purchase an expensive tool (such as a disk cutter). However, its use is not justified in all cases.
For most situations where wood needs to be drilled, a tool that is easier to use and significantly less expensive will do the job. These are, for example, feather drills, which, despite their affordable cost, are highly efficient in use.
A wood drill bit can be used in combination with either an electric drill or a regular screwdriver.
Main characteristics
When using pen drills for wood, it is advisable to know how they differ from other types of cutting tools and what advantages they have.
Comparison with other types of instruments
Like metal drills, tools designed for woodworking are available in various designs and, accordingly, differ from each other in characteristics and functionality. When choosing such tools, you should have an idea of the advantages and disadvantages they have.
Table 1. Comparison of different types of wood drills
Feather drills, as can be seen from the table presented, have a number of advantages when compared with other types of tools. Meanwhile, a pen-type tool is not recommended for making large-diameter holes (more than 60 mm), since their edges may turn out torn. For such purposes, it is better to use core drills, which are made in the shape of a metal cup with cutting teeth located on its end part.
A pen with a threaded tip is more suitable for working on a machine: it drills faster, but the hole may end up oval-shaped if the part is not secured with clamps
Due to the low cost of feather drills for wood, any home craftsman can purchase a set of them. Having such a set in your home workshop makes it easy and quick to select a tool for drilling holes of different diameters.
Design Features
The tip drill has a very simple design, the elements of which are the working and tail parts.
Feather drill design
The working part is a flat blade, in the center of which there is a sharp protrusion used to center the hole being made. On the working part of the pen drills there are two cutting blades located on either side of the central protrusion.
Each of these blades starts from the tip of the central protrusion and reaches one of the edges of the working part. The tilt of sharpening the blades of feather drills for wood, if you look at their working part in cross section, is done to the right.
When making drills of this type, manufacturers adhere to certain ratios between the thickness and width of the cutting part.
Table 2. The ratio of the thickness and width of the cutting element of the drill
The tail part is made in the shape of a hexagon. This cross-sectional shape allows not only to securely fix the tool in the chucks of drills and screwdrivers, but also to use magnetic adapters and extensions for these purposes.
The simplicity of the design, which distinguishes drills related to pen drills, the absence of spiral grooves, ribbons and other complex elements, are not indicators of the low efficiency of this tool.
Twin-scoring point drills penetrate wood more smoothly and leave fewer burrs along the edges of the holes.
Recommendations for selection
When choosing a pen drill intended for woodworking, you should pay attention to several parameters:
- correctness of shape (wood drill feathers located on the right and left sides of the central protrusion must be symmetrical and identical in their linear dimensions);
- degree of sharpness of the cutting part (sharpening of new pen drills must be carried out in the factory and meet standard requirements);
- absence of visible defects (if the surface of a new drill contains visible defects of various types, this is a clear indicator of the low quality of such a product, most likely produced in artisanal conditions);
- color (by the color of the metal you can determine the types of additional processing to which the finished product has been subjected).
Table 3. Influence of manufacturing technology on the color of the drill bit
How to sharpen feather drills
Unlike other types of drilling tools, pen drills designed for woodworking are quite easy to sharpen. To perform this procedure, you can use a sharpening machine equipped with a diamond wheel. If such equipment is not at your disposal, a quality rule will do. The sharpening procedure itself is as follows.
- If the craftsman has a set of feather drills, a new, unused tool is taken from it, which will act as a sample.
- Focusing on the geometric parameters of the sample, sharpen the cutting part of the dull drill.
- When sharpening a pen drill for woodworking, you should be very careful not to accidentally damage its central protrusion.
It makes no sense to sharpen feather drills in cases where their cutting part is sharpened too much. Given their low cost, it is easier to replace heavily worn-out products with new ones than to try to return them to working condition.
As a conclusion
Despite the simplicity of their design, drills classified as feather drills allow you to create holes of various depths and diameters in wood. Spade drills are also successfully used for metal work. Naturally, to effectively process products made from different materials, it is necessary to select the right tool.
The advantages of using drills of this type also lie in the fact that even a person who is not highly qualified can sharpen and restore their cutting part efficiently, which cannot be said about drills of any other category.
If it is no longer possible to restore the functionality of the tool, it can be easily replaced with a new one. The low cost of feather-type wood drills allows you to always have a set of them on hand and easily select them to match the parameters of the hole you need to make.
Source: http://met-all.org/oborudovanie/prochee/perevoe-sverlo-po-derevu.html
Wood drill: how to choose and sharpen correctly?
The modern market offers customers a huge number of different types of drills. Some of them are used exclusively for wooden structures, let's figure out how to choose them correctly and how to sharpen a wood drill in the best way.
Features of choosing a drill for wood
When it becomes necessary to choose the right drill, the first thing you need to pay attention to is the color. So, for example, each shade of the product is responsible for the type of final processing, which shows the life of the drill and its strength.
- The worst option can be considered gray products, which are not processed in any way and their performance parameters are quite low.
- The color can be golden, which indicates titanium coating and a fairly long service life.
- Black drills treated with steam during creation are no worse in performance.
In addition, it is worth carefully visually examining the object. If there are visible signs of deformation on it, then it is better not to use such a product. It is important to choose a drill without a single scratch or crack; its surface should be perfectly flat and smooth.
Types of wood drills
Types of wood drills
Typically, high-quality drills are used by experienced craftsmen who require various types of products in their work to create holes in wood. These could be holes, for example, for tenons, bolts or dowels. Moreover, the drilling process itself can be very diverse in quality, which will lead to thoughts about how to properly sharpen the drill after use and whether it will have to be sharpened at all.
The most common types of drills today include: screw, spiral, feather, center, ring and Forstner drills.
Screw
If you need to drill wood across the grain without once again asking yourself the question of how to properly sharpen a drill for wood, then a screw drill with a fine thread at the end will come in handy. They can reach up to 50 millimeters in diameter.
A special screw shape will help remove chips from the work site in a timely manner and thus not overheat the rod. Depending on the required hole depth, you can purchase drills longer than a centimeter, with a minimum size of 400 millimeters.
Screw drills for wood
Spiral
A spiral product can immediately be distinguished by a perfectly polished milled spiral with an edge that prevents any movement of the rod to the side during operation.
It is thanks to the spiral shape that they can easily drill holes in veneer structures. The diameter of the corresponding drills reaches 52 millimeters, and the smallest can be found at 3 millimeters.
In order to accurately target the intended drilling location, the tail of the product is equipped with a conical shape, which gives a lot of convenience.
If, when purchasing, the choice fell on twist drills, then you should always remember the relationship between the diameter of the product and the maximum number of revolutions that it can produce. Otherwise, the service life of the product will be sharply reduced. If you need to process hard wooden surfaces, it is better to set a maximum of 900 rpm with a drill diameter of 14 millimeters or less. But for soft wood, you can set the drilling tool to 1800 rpm.
Twist drill bit set for wood
Feathers
The most common type of drill is the feather drill. It is this that makes you think about how to sharpen a feather drill for wood, and is most often used in repair and construction work. It is the most convenient and has various options in diameter.
It has only one important drawback: this shape of the drill does not facilitate chip removal and the drilling process becomes significantly more complicated, especially when a hole with a large depth is needed. That is why experts recommend using this type of drill when working with wood boards or thick boards, where the drilling process will occur as efficiently as possible.
A special type of tip for a feather drill or a similar product with an extension can correct the situation. This extension has a hexagonal shape and can be used for other types of drills. In this case, the diameter of the final hole can reach up to 52 millimeters.
Feather drills for wood
Center and ring
But center drills are useful for creating perfectly smooth through holes in a wooden surface. Typically, such products take the form of a 50 mm (minimum 12 mm) rod with a cutting edge at the bottom, reaching a length of up to 150 mm. Of course, it will not be possible to make deep enough holes. For this purpose, ring drills are suitable, which look similar to a crown or a ring with teeth. They are usually sold as a whole set in the form of attachments with a centering drill and a single base.
Forstner drills
When it comes to repairing or creating furniture, and not about thoughts with the question of how to sharpen a feather drill for wood, then you can immediately safely go for Forstner drills, which are best suited for this task. They allow you to drill completely blind holes with a perfectly flat bottom. In this case, the diameter of the product reaches from 10 to 50 millimeters. The drill itself is coated with a specialized alloy, which serves as protection and increases service life.
Forstner wood drill bit
Correct sharpening of the drill
Before you start directly sharpening an expensive and high-quality drill, you should try your skills on old, used products. Thus, if the result is negative, the old drill can always be used as a consumable. When your hand is full, you can switch to a new drill without fear.
For the most correct sharpening of a wood drill, its geometric parameters should be observed. This means that it is important to maintain the factory sharpening angle. Sometimes the result can be just like this – perfectly sharpened for a hammer drill. The drill itself can be processed either manually or using an electric sharpener.
Device for sharpening drills at home
Manual sharpening
When sharpening by hand, a mild steel file is used. Moreover, it is worth starting the processing process with a tool with a wide notch pitch, processing both the cutting edge and the back side. After this, you can bring the drill to perfect condition using a file with a fine notch.
Sharpening with an electric sharpener
When sharpening a drill occurs in an “automatic” mode using an electric sharpener, it is very important to have cold water nearby (in a container or running water), since it is necessary to constantly cool the rod. This will keep the product from overheating and damage.
With this option, the drill should be sharpened on the edge of the sharpening disk.
Once the required drill geometry has been achieved, it is worth finishing the drill at low speeds.
Homemade drill sharpening machine
If you don’t have a sharpening machine at hand, you can easily make one yourself.
- It is necessary to firmly install the grinder in a comfortable position. A stationary frame with a motor speed of up to 1500 rpm (with a power of 200 W) is also suitable.
- The basis for a homemade machine may well be thick plywood or a wooden beam.
- For more correct sharpening, it is necessary to eliminate any vibration of the engine and create conditions for a smooth transition to different speeds. To achieve this result, you can use an abrasive wheel.
Step-by-step instructions for sharpening a drill
The result of the above actions is a certain scheme of actions:
- Guide the drill to the edge of the grinding machine disk.
- Mandatory adherence to the factory sharpening angle of 95 degrees.
- To improve the quality of sharpening, the drill should be secured in a washer, the rear edges of which should be tucked a couple of millimeters.
- Once sharpening is completed, it is worth continuing work at lower speeds.
- After this, you can cool the sharpened product and test it for functionality.
When sharpening a drill, it is important to understand that a person must have very good eyesight. Therefore, for better results, you need to organize high-quality lighting of the work place. If the rules are strictly followed, a sharpened drill will last a very long time and will always be a “savior” during repair or construction work.
Source: https://stroypomochnik.ru/kak-zatochit-sverlo-po-derevu-i-kakie-oni-byvayut01/
Spade drill - what you need to know about the tool
:
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Dimensions
- Operating rules
- Selection rules
- Properly sharpening the tool
The wood spindle drill is very popular among carpentry craftsmen due to its high performance, in which it is unlikely to be compared with standard twist drills for a similar purpose.
Drilling pens do an excellent job of forming holes with a diameter of 5 to 60 mm, not only when working on wood, but also when processing other materials ( chipboard , MDF , plastic, drywall, etc.).
As for the cleanliness of the cut, it is not ideal here, so perka is in most cases used to perform rough processes. Feather drills have an elongated rod body with a cutting tip and a hex shank.
A carpentry device with a central point and a pair of incisors branching off from it received its name due to the special shape of the working part, made in the form of a feather. Spade drills come in both single-sided and double-sided, and cut in one or two directions, respectively. A sample with a one-sided cutter has a cutting angle of 75-90°, while for a double-sided drill this parameter is 120-135°.
How to sharpen a twist drill bit for wood
Wood is a material that can be easily processed with various tools. One of their types may be a drill. You have to use a drill quite often when processing material.
The holes that need to be drilled can be of different diameters, as well as blind or through.
For small sizes, a metal tool is usually used, but for larger diameters, a specialized large-diameter wood drill is used.
There are several types:
- spiral;
- twisted or single-stranded;
- "ballerina";
- ring (crown);
- cylindrical Forstner;
- feather
There are, but are rarely used, drills for cutting conical tenons, cork drills, etc., etc. Let's look at some of them.
