How to connect two wires into one

How to connect two wires without soldering

Cut the cable at an angle so that the end is tapered rather than blunt. Leave the wire closest to the cut point about 7-8 cm longer than the other two wires. Straighten the stiff wire and make a small loop at the end.

Pass the wire through the loop and wrap it around the stiff wire. Start wrapping the electrical tape around the cable, over the connection. Wrap the tape tightly in a spiral until you get it over the wires.

Each successive winding overlaps the previous one, reducing the likelihood that the edge of the tape will catch on something as you pull it through obstacles.

Copper wire is not as stiff, so it is more likely to come free from the connection in the style shown, so this method should not be used with it.

If you are using copper wire as a fishing tool, please use Western Union connection. Start with two L's, then wrap each wire around the other without looping them over themselves. The recording step is the same for both methods.

Methods of connecting wires are regulated by the Electrical Installation Rules. According to their latest edition, the following options can be used for connection:

• soldering;
• welding;
• crimping;
• squeeze

Nevertheless, many electricians still use one of the most common connection methods - twisting. According to current rules, this is not a complete process; it must be followed by soldering, welding or clamping. The soldering method is not given below.

How to choose a wire connection method

The choice of the optimal option depends not only on the personal preferences of the master, but also on a number of other factors. For example, when combining aluminum and copper, it is important to consider the possible oxidation process. Also, not all methods are suitable for a large number of wires in a connection. The load in the circuit, cross-section and number of cores, etc. also have an impact.

Compared to soldering, welding is an even more reliable connection method, but it is rarely used as a household method, since it requires a welding machine, personal protective equipment and welding skills.

The welding technique is approximately the same as in the case of soldering, but before the procedure it is necessary to take the free ends of the two wires, straighten them and press them parallel to each other in order to better form a melt ball.

Wire welding is considered one of the most reliable connection methods

The welding area must cool naturally before insulation is carried out. Submerging the wire in cold water causes microcracks to appear.

The disadvantages of the method include:

• high cost of equipment;
• the need for relevant skills;
• time costs.

Pressure testing of connections

Crimping ensures high-quality installation and reliable insulation. For this method, special tubular sleeves are used, which are selected in size depending on the cross-section of the wire. Connecting wires in this way requires a crimping tool: pliers or a crimping press.

Wire crimping option

After cutting the wire, that is, removing the insulation and stripping the ends, quartz-vaseline paste is applied to the wires, a connector is put on and crimped. Wires can be inserted from opposite or one side. If you use a high-quality and professional tool, you can crimp the wire in one go. After this, the usual insulation of the joint is performed.

Among the disadvantages of this method are:

• the inability to reuse the connector, as it is deformed during crimping;
• connecting copper and aluminum wires in this way is only possible when using a special sleeve, which is difficult to find on sale;
• takes quite a long time.

Connecting wires using compression

Wire compression can be done in various ways, some of which are more preferable, others less so.

Connecting insulating clamps resemble crimping sleeves, with the difference that inside they have a steel wire coiled into a spiral, which protects the wires from oxidation and presses them tightly together. The connections are easy to use, and you can use clamps of different colors if the wires are not color-coded to mark zero, phase, and ground.

The use of clamps is limited by the number of wires connected: they are suitable for two wires with a cross-section of 4 mm2 or four with a cross-section of 1.5 mm2. Over time, the spring weakens, causing resistance to increase and voltage loss in the network to occur. It is impossible to combine wires from different materials with this connection method.

Using a short bolt, three washers, a nut and electrical tape, you can quickly and cost-effectively connect wires from any materials, but the junction is very bulky, so this option cannot be used in a junction box.

Screw terminals are convenient for connecting lamps, sockets and switches. They allow you to connect copper and aluminum wires without additional insulation. The disadvantages include the need to maintain connections: the screws need to be tightened periodically.

Using modern terminal blocks is the simplest, fastest and most convenient way to connect wires of any type. Due to their small size, they easily fit into a junction box; there are different options for terminals for wires with different cross-sections.

They provide high quality connections and high installation speed. One of the disadvantages is the possibility of poor quality pads, which can cause disruptions in the network. Working with them requires care and attention to avoid damaging the wires.

Terminal blocks provide simple, fast and reliable connections

When choosing any of the above options, you must ensure the safety and reliability of the electrical network. It is very important that all wire connections, regardless of the method of their joining, are provided with convenient access for inspection and maintenance during operation.

Source: https://izobreteniya.net/kak-soedinit-dva-provoda-bez-pajki/

Electrical contact - wire connection

Electrical contact depends on the quality and reliability of the wire connection. When installing electrical wiring, it is impossible to do without connecting the wires .

At the connection points, the electrical contacts must satisfy the following basic requirements:

• — reliable contact, without additional resistance. The resistance of the connecting contact should not be greater than the resistance of the whole piece of wire;
• — mechanical strength in case of tension. If the wire at the connection points is subject to random stretching, then the strength of the contact should be no less than the strength of the conductor itself.

Wire connection methods

1. Twisted wire connections. Due to its simplicity, the most common method. To do this, just take two wires, remove the insulation (for reliable twisting, at least 5 cm of insulation is removed), then the bare wires are twisted together.

The twisted bare conductors are insulated with conventional insulating PVC tape. In place of the insulating tape, you can use special “twist caps”. Twist caps are screwed onto the connected wires, thereby insulating the exposed parts and additionally pressing the electrical contact.

It is not permissible to twist wires of dissimilar metals, such as copper and aluminum.

2. Connecting wires by soldering. Using soldering, making connections takes a little longer, but this method is more reliable than conventional twisting.

When twisting contacts, no matter how good it is, the connection points have some resistance and when current flows, the twisted contacts overheat.

The consequences of poor quality twisting are melting of the insulation at the joints, short circuit and fire.

Soldering guarantees reliable electrical contact with low resistance and the necessary mechanical strength. For soldering, ordinary tin-lead solder and rosin are used.

3. Use of terminal blocks. The terminal block itself is an insulating plate with contacts. Using terminal blocks, you can connect copper wires to aluminum wires.

Terminal blocks, based on the method of securing wires in them, are divided into terminal blocks with a tightening screw and terminal blocks with clamping plates.

Terminal blocks in which the wires are pressed with a screw have one drawback. In them, the wire can be damaged by the twist itself when the contact is tightened. This is especially true when connecting aluminum or stranded wires.

Terminals with pressure plates are more reliable than screw terminals, since when tightened, the wire is pressed against the terminal by the plate.

4. Spring terminals. Probably the fastest and most efficient way to connect wires. To do this, the insulation is removed from the conductive core and inserted into the terminal. They differ from screw ones in that the wires are fixed not with a screw, but with a spring clamp.

Today there are a lot of spring-type clamps, the most common of them are terminal blocks from Wago.

Used to connect both soft stranded and single-core wires of different sections.

These terminals can also be used to connect copper and aluminum wires. For this purpose, special “Wago” terminal blocks are used. They use contacts made of a bimetallic plate coated with a special paste that prevents oxidation of the wires.

5. Branch compression. Branch clamps, or “nuts” as they are popularly called, are used to connect a line to the main without creating a break in it.

The compression itself consists of three metal plates with screws and an insulating box in which these plates are located. Branch clamp is often used to connect copper and aluminum wires, for example to connect to an aluminum overhead line.

Connecting copper and aluminum wires at home

If you need to connect copper and aluminum wires , but terminal clamps and blocks are not at hand, you can do without them. Twisting the wires in this case is not a good way out, because sooner or later the place where the copper and aluminum are twisted will oxidize and this will lead to loss of contact.

An effective solution to this problem is to use a regular nut, bolt and washer.

The reliability of this connection is in no way inferior to the terminal blocks described above. The only drawback is the bulkiness (for example, when used in a junction box) and the large amount of PVC insulating tape for reliable insulation.

Source: https://electricvdome.ru/montaj-electroprivodki/soedinenie-provodov.html

How to connect wires

How to connect the wires? Soldering or welding? Long and inconvenient. You need to look for a soldering iron or welding machine. But I’ll tell you a secret that the best connection is welding, then soldering. Twisting wires? It's a good thing, but not aesthetically pleasing. And according to the new rules, it is forbidden to use it, except on the sly in the country. Nowadays, special connectors for wires have been invented, which make life much easier for electricians and electricians. We will talk about them in this article.

Connection screw terminal block

It is used very widely in production, as well as in the home for connecting two wires to each other. Sold in cassettes of 10 pieces or more. We cut off as much as needed and use it as needed. Mainly used for connecting copper wires. Not recommended for aluminum ones. Aluminum wires have the property of fluidity. This means that after some time the clamped aluminum wire will “spread” from under the clamping bolt and the connection will weaken.

The advantage of connecting terminal blocks is that they are very cheap and allow you to connect two wires to each other without problems in a matter of seconds. The main thing is to find a suitable flat-head screwdriver.

PPE caps

PPE is a connecting insulating clamp. It is used for connecting single-wire wires and then screwing them clockwise. PPE caps are very convenient, but still not very reliable. Therefore, if you have a critical part of the electrical wiring, then it is better to give preference to the cooler competitors of PPE caps.

As you may have noticed, there is a spiral inside the cap, which, when screwing the cap, compresses the connected wires.

In practice, it all happens something like this: we strip two wires, and then screw the PPE cap onto them

WAGO terminal blocks

Vago terminal blocks are currently the top-end wire connectors. Although they also have their drawbacks - they are expensive and have a weak switching current. The photo below shows the operating principle of Vago terminal blocks.

Conclusion

At present, blue electrical tape can already be shelved. If earlier the Soviet Union was built with its help, now there is no need for it. It’s much easier to go to the nearest store and buy connectors for wires. It won't hurt your pocket too much. As a result, your electrical installation will be much stronger and safer.

Also, do not forget about the current strength for which these connectors are designed. For example, you should not use VAGO terminal blocks for various electric boilers and powerful energy consumers. In this case, they may not be able to withstand heavy loads, which will lead to even worse consequences.

Source: https://www.RusElectronic.com/kak-sojedinit-provoda/

Examples of connecting wires in home wiring

Consequences of connecting wires through Vago terminals

In this article I will tell you about a real case of connecting wires in an apartment. I already have a lot of such articles, I will provide some links along the way. As usual, there will be a lot of photos, tips and instructions)

So, the story began with the fact that a client called me to his place, who was flooded by his upstairs neighbors. The house is an old two-story barracks, pre-war, the wiring is terrible. Namely - aluminum and copper in different combinations. The house and apartment were completed and rebuilt many times, and the wiring was redone accordingly.

Therefore, when water got on the electrical wiring, it led to the apartment being completely de-energized. The situation was aggravated by the fact that the apartment had just been renovated with good finishing, the walls were covered with expensive wallpaper and decorative stone. And, as always, before making repairs, the owners did not think about the fact that the wiring left much to be desired. That is, it is in unsatisfactory condition.

For a Russian person, as usual, until the thunder strikes. But for now it works - and okay!

So, I came that evening and restored the apartment from an electrical point of view, connecting the wires in the junction box with what I had in my arsenal - Wago of different models, PPE connectors.

But I immediately said that I don’t give any guarantee - perhaps in a day everything will burn again! And all the wire connections will need to be done in a normal way.

And now, half a year later - a call! It's time! It literally burned, the photo is at the beginning of the article, and here:

Consequences of connecting wires in a box through Wago terminals. At the top there is a hole in the suspended ceiling.

The fact is that the machines in the entire apartment were set at 25A. More precisely, there was actually 1 machine, since one was on phase, the second was on zero. This is the shield that was installed throughout the entire apartment:

Electrical panel for apartment power supply

Let me remind you that you cannot do this, this bad tradition dates back to the times when round fuse plugs were installed after the meter. Why is this dangerous - if you hit zero (and here the chances are 50/50), and it seems like there is no “light” in the house, but all the electrical wiring is at phase voltage potential. Even the zero part, which was not dangerous before. Therefore, in this case there should be a two-pole circuit breaker, but not two single-pole ones.

This also happened because before there might not have actually been zero, but in reality there were two phases, with a linear voltage between them of 220V. And if there was a zero and a phase, then no distinction was made between them. Poverty and technological backwardness

I recommend my article about choosing machines for an apartment building.

It is clear that the connection of wires in the box with such protection burned out. Moreover, the wires that were connected through the terminals were old, oxidized, and of different sections.

It is important to remember that the terminals for connecting the wires are the last thing to blame here, so I would like to immediately warn Vago’s opponents - if they are used correctly, they will last for many years!

For those who are not in the know, I highly recommend the article - Examples of practical connection of wires through Wago terminals.

Not only the input wire box (above the meter) burned out, but also the distribution box in the hallway, through which power was supplied to the kitchen and bathroom. Here's what happened to her:

Burnt connection between aluminum and copper wires.

As you can see, a whole collection of different terminal blocks was used to connect the wires.

This photo can be characterized by the words from the song - “I made him from what was”

At the same time, Vago terminal blocks took on bizarre forms of techno-art:

What can terminals for connecting wires turn into 1

What can the terminals for connecting wires 2 turn into?

What can the terminals for connecting wires 3 turn into?

What can the terminals for connecting wires 4 turn into?

I repeat, these photos are not anti-advertising at all. Rather, this is a warning that you need to use Vagi correctly!

Replacing connections

So, we have two junction boxes, the wire connections in which are completely useless. What should be done in such cases? Here are the main points:

• Cut out the old terminal blocks with pliers,
• Strip the wires to a good metal that has not darkened due to temperature. If necessary, cut the wire even shorter,
• If necessary, extend the wires so that they can be connected,
• During all these manipulations, understand the train of thought of the electrician who acted here 20-40-60 years ago. In other words, understand the wiring diagram,
• Install a new junction box,
• Connect the wires to each other using terminal blocks.

Here's how I did the electrical wiring repair in this case.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2J-6t4Rfb0

After the meter, there were initially two 25-amp circuit breakers; from their output terminals I powered the following electrical panel:

Electrical panel in which the correct protection of electrical wiring from overload is installed

I don’t remember the exact connection diagram now, but that’s not important right now.

I installed the following boxes:

We install distribution boxes for connecting wires

Why two boxes instead of one? You will need to fit everything - all the wires and terminals. In addition, cutting off the burnt ends of the wires makes them shorter.

From this place, wires spread throughout the entire apartment (both copper and aluminum), and two VVG 3x2.5 cables arrive:

Connecting wires in a junction box with different terminal blocks

In this case, I use the TB2504 terminal block to connect the outlet circuits.

I’ll talk about such terminals later in this article.

For connecting lighting circuits - Vago terminals. Here's a closer look:

Connecting copper and aluminum wires using terminals

I am quite calm about such connections, and I can give a multi-year guarantee for such electrical wiring repairs.

Connecting wires with terminal blocks

Why do I like making connections with terminal blocks? The fact is that I can be quite confident in such connections, unlike Vago terminals (see photo of what happens in this article)

Such terminals have very low contact resistance and very high reliability if used correctly. The situation is almost the same with crimp connection sleeves. But for the sleeves you need a special tool - press pliers, and for the terminal block a screwdriver is often enough.

For better installation, you need to try to ensure that the area of ​​contact of the wire with the terminal pad is maximum, and the wire itself is as clean as possible. Ideally, a flexible stranded wire should be terminated with lugs.

I already wrote about lugs for stranded wires in an article about the practical use of Vago terminals, the link was above. In addition, stranded wires are discussed in the article about making electrical harnesses.

There are many names for such terminals, and sometimes confusion arises.

Possible names are: a line of screw terminals, a terminal block, a terminal block, a terminal block, and, ultimately, a black carbolite terminal block.

In English, this name sounds like Screw Barrier Terminal Block. Abbreviated as Terminal Block, the first letters of these words (TB) are included in the trade name. Next come two numbers indicating the rated current, and two more numbers indicating the number of terminals in the block.

For example:

• TB1512 (15Amp 12 terminals),
• TB3504 (35A, 4 terminals),
• TB45, TB60 – terminal blocks for 45 and 60 Amps.

Here's an example of how I used these terminal blocks to power an entire office:

Using terminal blocks to connect input wires

Using TB4504 terminal blocks to connect input wires

More details on such important connections can be found in the article about connecting three-phase voltage relays.

These are the terminals I use where there are high currents and a high cost of error. For example, in hard-to-reach places, at the entrance to homes, etc.

I see only one disadvantage of such terminals - size. Such terminal blocks do not fit into standard distribution boxes and must be placed differently. For example, as shown in this article.

There is another connection option - through the terminals of circuit breakers, where the reliability is no less, and this method is used everywhere.

Walnut type compression

And for large currents and cross sections (more than 63A and more than 10 mm2 for copper) - a completely different story and philosophy.

It often happens here that you need to connect wires of different sections and materials (copper + aluminum). And the best thing that was invented for this is Nuts. Like in this photo:

Nuts for connecting wires

Here is another example of connecting wires with nuts:

Walnut connection in the floor panel

Most often they are installed in panels for entry into private houses and apartment buildings.

by connecting wires

Summary of the article - connect the wires so as to be 100% sure! I wish everyone a good contact!

Source: https://SamElectric.ru/elektrika/primer-soedineniya-provodov-v-domashnej-provodke.html

Connection of power wires

When installing equipment, you often have to connect power or interconnect wires - lengthen the plug, extend the wire, and so on.

This can be done in different ways.

Twist connection

This is a fairly common connection, even though there is a huge range of connectors on the market.

The two wires are stripped, twisted together, and then insulated with adhesive tape.

Quite often, twisting is the cause of short circuits and fires.

It happens like this - the place of poor contact, due to the increased resistance, heats up, melting the insulation.

After some time, the two wires are shorted through the burnt insulation. 

It is especially not recommended to connect powerful systems by twisting.

Polyethylene terminal blocks

They consist of brass holders with screws, all of this is fixed in a base made of low-melting plastic. 

They are used very often, the main reason is low price and availability; all stores and markets are littered with them.

But when using them there are certain subtleties that many do not know or neglect.

Maximum permissible load current

Each standard size is designed for a certain current, and it has nothing to do with the permissible current of the wires connected using these blocks.

 If these requirements are not met, the polyethylene holder begins to slowly melt from the heated brass connectors. As a result - short circuit.

Screw connection

The wire is pressed with a screw, which does not have a perfectly flat surface and makes circular movements.

Let's look at what happens when a wire is clamped in a block.

We twist the wire strands together, insert them into the block and clamp them with a screw.

Then carefully unscrew and remove the wire, this is what happens:

Some of the conductors broke off, the contact is not complete, but partial.

Loose contact

Gradually, the contact between the wire and the terminal block weakens.

There are several reasons - expansion of the metal when heated, contraction when cooling, aluminum wires are characterized by the fluidity of the metal.

Accordingly, the conclusion is:

• use for connecting solid wires
• for stranded wires, use sleeve terminals
• observe the specified currents
• periodically tighten the clamping screws

Spring terminal blocks WAGO

Reusable, series 222

 Available for connecting two, three and five wires. They are spring contacts that snap into place at the top with flags; if desired, you can squeeze them out and remove the wire without any problems.

Advantages:

• the fastest way to connect wires
• multi-core wires can be connected
• You can connect wires of different diameters at the same time
• You can use both copper and aluminum wires at the same time
• reliable fixation - no heating
• closed design eliminates short circuits
• connection does not require professional training
• It is possible to measure voltage

Maximum current 32 A.

Just use original clamps; analogues have much lower current.

Presentation of clamps from the manufacturer:

 Disposable, series 773

Clamps in this series are designed for connecting single-core wires only.

Clamps are produced for the number of wires from two to eight.

The stripped wire is inserted into the connector to the limit, while it is compressed by a spring contact, which prevents it from coming out back.

 Terminal blocks of this series are also produced with a lubricant consisting of an abrasive material with technical petroleum jelly.

It is designed to remove oxide film from aluminum wires and subsequently protect against oxidation.

Advantages of WAGO-773:

• fast connection
• small size
• reliable fixation
• no contact loosening

These terminal blocks are designed for currents up to 25 A.

Screw terminal blocks Terminal Blocks TB-xxyy

The block consists of a plastic platform with a conductive steel plate, a pressure plate and a screw. The top is covered with a transparent lid.

They produce blocks with 3, 4, 6, 9, 12 terminals.

Maximum currents - 15, 25, 40 A. 

In the designation, for example, TV-2504

• the first two digits are the current in Amperes (25 A)
• the last two - the number of terminals for the clamp (4 pcs)

Advantages of terminal blocks:

• it is not the screw that presses, but the plate with its entire plane
• the blocks actually withstand the declared current
• When unscrewed, the pressure washer rises upward, leaving a gap for the wire
• ability to connect wires of different diameters and from different materials

Flaws:

• screws need to be tightened periodically
• the conductor plate is steel, not brass
• plastic is not heat resistant
• big sizes

But overall, these blocks make a good impression compared to their Chinese counterparts.

Source: https://MasterXoloda.ru/1/soedinenie-silovyh-provodov

Connecting wires with different cross-sections

In this article we will talk about how to connect wires to each other in an apartment. The issue of electrical wiring is very relevant, especially for those who decide to do their own repairs. Mostly people are interested in the possibility and technology of connecting wires of different materials and cross-sections to each other. Let's talk about everything in order.

CONTENT:

Is it possible to connect wires by twisting

Very often, especially in old houses, we start removing old wallpaper, unscrewing old sockets, disassembling dilapidated junction boxes and what do we see: a lot of wires twisted together and wrapped in insulation:

I know that many electricians still twist wires this way and consider it the most reliable. However, from a fire safety point of view, no firefighter will approve of electrical connections in an apartment made only by twisting.

The fact is that sometimes you have to connect wires of different sections and different materials, for example, copper and aluminum wires. And it is precisely for such cases that twisting is unacceptable. For example, with the same load on the network, it will act differently on thick and thin wires twisted together, one of which will feel good, and the other will heat up.

How to connect wires of the same material and cross-section

How to connect wires of the same material and cross-section to each other, for example, copper to copper for 2.5 squares? This is the simplest case, and twisting may well be suitable here:

Only instead of regular insulating tape, the store sells caps for twisting:

You need to take the cap and screw it onto the twist:

Is it possible to connect wires of different sections of the same material?

If, for example, you need to connect wires of different cross-sections (they are also suitable for the same cross-section) and the same material (copper or aluminum), then in this case the special connecting blocks presented below are well suited.

They have different numbers of inputs: in the figure, respectively: 2, 4, 6.

That is, this is a “sort of” twist for 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wires.

Moreover, if you need to connect 3 wires to each other, then for this you can use a block that has 4 or 6 inputs:

By reading my blog, you are probably making repairs. this page to your bookmarks . This is where all the useful home improvement stores are located.

The block is simply pressed tightly onto the wires:

You need to understand that after connecting the wires in this way, they can no longer be removed from the block. Therefore, if you have never tried to work with such devices, buy a few of them in a store with a supply and practice at home. They cost pennies.

How to connect copper and aluminum wires

When you need to connect wires made of different materials (copper and aluminum), and even different sections, in this case you will be helped by pads whose inputs are filled with a special paste that prevents oxidation:

The same pads, of course, are suitable for wires of the same cross-section and the same material. As in the previous case, if you have already put wires on them, then they will no longer be removed from the blocks. Therefore, think through all your connections in advance.

Connecting blocks - latches

There are also jumper blocks that will allow you to connect wires together, but if you make a mistake, you can disconnect any of the connected wires. These are the so-called latches:

For latches, you should definitely check with the seller in the store about the possibility of connecting wires of different materials and cross-sections.

One of the options for connecting wires in a chandelier

If you need to connect a chandelier, then one of the options for connecting the wires coming out of the ceiling with the wires coming from the chandelier would be to use blocks in which the wire connection is secured using screws:

For a chandelier, the option of using wago type terminals, especially if the wires coming from the ceiling are short, will not be very good, since, as already mentioned, in this case the wires cannot be removed (for example, you will need to change the chandelier or wash it) and you will have to cut them off. In the case of terminals with a screw connection, it will be enough to simply unscrew the fastening screws and release the wires.

Important Notes on Wiring Connections

Let us note important points regarding electrical wires.

1. All wires twisted together should not dangle somewhere in the air! They must be placed in a junction box.
2. For all wire connections, ensure that the bare ends of the wires are completely hidden in the connection block. That is, try to make the connection so that after this connection it would be impossible to reach the bare end of the wire with your hand.
3. Do not try to remove the wire from terminals that are not intended for this purpose. For example, there are craftsmen who manage to remove wires from wago terminals. But I do not recommend doing this, since such removal is always associated with deformation of the wire. And this is unacceptable, because the load on the network should be experienced by whole wires, and not half-broken ones, which can lead to short circuits.

This is where the article ends. We have studied in detail the issue of how to connect wires in an apartment. Now, when moving the socket from one place to another, you can easily extend the wires by laying them in the wall and making the correct connection.

Source: https://1000eletric.com/soedinenie-provodov-s-raznym-secheniem/

How to connect electrical wires or cables to each other?

Requirements are requirements, and the most popular type of connection is twisting. Where quick installation is required, terminal blocks of various shapes are used. One of the types of terminal connections is spring terminals. Wago products are especially popular.

To perform a tap without breaking the line, squeezes are used, which are called nuts among electricians. It is some type of terminal connection.

Using Terminal Blocks

The terminal block consists of contacts mounted on a plate of insulating material. The contact plate has a screw on both sides with which the wire is tightened. This allows you to press a copper wire on one side of the plate, and an aluminum wire on the other side, without fear of chemical interaction between these metals.

You can connect different types of wires. On one side, a single-core wire can be attached to the plate, and on the other, a multi-core wire. Another problem that can be easily solved using a terminal block is connecting wires with different core diameters.

The terminal block can consist of one or more contact plates, which is very convenient in installation conditions. To do this, just collect the required number of plates and secure them in the right place.

Spring terminals

Terminals of this type are very similar in design to terminal blocks. The difference is that a spring-loaded plate is used as a clamp. Using spring terminals is very simple - you just need to strip the wire to the depth of the terminal.

The pressure plate is removed and the stripped wire is inserted into the terminal. The wire is inserted so that there are no exposed sections of the wire. Then the pressure plate snaps into place and the process is complete.

Spring terminals can be used to mount single-core, stranded wires and wires of different diameters. Installation of wires from different metals is allowed. The most widely used contacts are Wago contacts, which contain bimetal plates with a special contact paste against metal oxidation.

Installation of PPE caps

PPE caps are often used when installing wiring. In appearance, they are very similar to the back plastic cap of a ballpoint pen. A cone-shaped spring is placed inside it. The spring is coated with oxidation-resistant metal by anodizing.

To connect the wires, you need to strip them to a length of 10 - 15 mm and fold the stripped sections into one bundle. The ends of the bundle are inserted into the cap, which is then screwed onto them until it stops. The PPE cap can connect several wires, the total cross-section of which will not exceed 20 mm².

They are produced in different sizes, so choosing the ones you need is easy. The caps are color-coded, which is convenient for identifying phase or neutral wires.

PPE brand	Number and cross-section of cores in mm²	Cap color
PPE – 1	2 x 1.5	Grey
PPE – 2	3 x 1.5	Blue
PPE – 3	2 x 2.5	Orange
PPE – 4	4 x 2.5	Yellow
PPE - 5	8 x 2.5	Red

PPE caps can significantly increase installation time because this connection does not require additional insulation. The cap material is made of non-flammable material and will not cause spontaneous combustion if overheated at the junction.

The quality of connection of PPE with caps is worse than with terminals and does not allow connecting wires of different metals.

Crimping with special sleeves

Where it is necessary to create a high-quality and reliable connection, special sleeves can be used. The sleeve is a piece of copper tube of the required diameter. The diameter of the sleeve is selected depending on the total diameter of the connected wires.

The stripped ends of the wires are inserted into the sleeve and clamped. Then a heat-shrinkable tube is put on the sleeve, which insulates this sleeve. If there is no heat shrink tube, you can use cambric or electrical tape. Wires can be inserted into the sleeve from one or both sides. For crimping, they try to use special hand press pliers.

With this connection, the sleeve cannot be used twice. During repairs, it is simply thrown away. If you use hand strippers and press pliers, you can perform installation with good productivity.

Soldering or welding

Installation using soldering is not used very often. Soldering always guarantees a reliable connection. The contact has low resistance and good mechanical strength. Soldered wires are less susceptible to damage due to ingress of moisture.

To connect by soldering, it is necessary to strip the wires by 40 - 50 mm, tin with rosin and twist. Then solder is applied to the twisted ends and heated until it spreads evenly over the entire twist and flows inside. The appearance of the soldered wires should be shiny.

After soldering, the sharp ends are treated to prevent damage to the insulating material. Any available type can be used as insulation.

This connection can be considered the most labor-intensive. The soldering process requires certain skills. Installation in this way at a height using improvised means is not very convenient. When connecting by soldering, it is necessary to leave some reserve in case of repair.

In some cases, a connection using the contact welding method is used. The process itself is similar to the soldering method, but the stripped twisted wires are not coated with solder. A welding transformer is used for connection. The ends of the wires are heated until they fuse into one metal ball.

For insulation, put a heat-shrinkable tube or wrap it with electrical tape on the welded ends.

Stranding and insulation

The rules of the PUE completely reject twisting, but in practice, connecting wires by twisting is used almost everywhere. But you need to know how to twist, and then it will last for decades. To do this, strip the wires according to this calculation. That the twist should be at least 4 - 5 cm long.

The cleaned areas are cleaned of the oxide film with a knife blade or fine sandpaper. The ends of the wires are crossed at a certain angle at the end of the insulation and twisted tightly with pliers. The twist should be even and tight. From above it is insulated with existing insulation.

Twisted connections cannot be made for wires of different sections. Do not twist wires made of different metals. Twisting a single-core wire with a stranded wire is not allowed. This connection is used only where there is no fire-technical acceptance of repairs.

Walnut clamp

The nut-type branch clamp is designed for making branches from main wires without breaking. At the point where the outlet is connected, a section of insulation is removed and a “nut” is attached to this place. The clamp consists of a carbolite body and a steel clamp. The clamp consists of two plates and screws. Each plate has a recess for a certain cross-section of wire.

One plate is placed under the wire and covered with another plate on top. Both plates are clamped with screws, and between them there is a wire and a tap. To choose the right “nut” depending on the diameter of the wire, you need to use the table.

Clamp type	Line cross-section mm²	Branch section mm²	Clamp dimensions
U731M	4 – 10	1.5 – 10	42 x 41 x 31
U733M	16 – 35	1.5 – 10	42 x 41 x 31
U734M	16 – 35	16 – 25	42 x 41 x 31
U739M	4 – 10	1.5 – 2.5	42 x 36 x 23
U859M	50 – 70	4 – 35	62 x 61 x 43.5
U870M	95 – 150	16 – 50	84 x 85 x 60
U871M	95 – 150	50 – 95	84 x 85 x 60
U872M	95 — 150	95 — 120	84 x 85 x 60

To make the connection, you need to disassemble the carbolite body. It consists of two halves compressed by two retaining rings. If the rings are pryed and removed, the body will fall apart. If the wires are made of different metals, then it is necessary to use an additional plate. It will prevent contact of different metals and further oxidation process, which will worsen the contact. The screws are tightened with reasonable torque and inserted into the housing.

Using a bolt

The bolt connection is most often used when it is necessary to connect copper and aluminum wires. Stripped wires are put on a regular steel bolt, and steel washers and a Grover washer are put between them. The entire “sandwich” is pulled together and wrapped with insulating tape.

What to do if there are several wires?

To connect multiple wires, you can use a terminal block. To do this, you need to connect one half of the contact plates with one wire. The number of such plates must be equal to the number of wires. The remaining wires are attached to the opposite contacts of the plates.

You can take a terminal block with a number of plates equal to the number of wires divided in half. Then one half of the wires is clamped onto one half, and the other half onto the other half of the contacts.

Multiple wires can be connected using a bolt. Place a steel washer between the wires, and put a Grover washer under the nut.

Identical wires can be connected using a PPE cap using known technology or by welding.

What to do if the wires are of different sections?

If you need to connect wires with cores of different sections, you can use:

• Soldering or welding;
• Bolted connection;
• Connection with self-clamping terminals;
• Screw terminals;
• Branch clamp;
• Copper lugs and bolted connection.

Combining stranded and single-core products

The connection of stranded and single-core wires can be made using:

• Solder connection;
• Connection with special sleeves;
• Terminal connections;
• Connection with lugs.

How to carry out work in water and on land?

All outdoor electrical wiring must be carefully protected from moisture. For installation, it is necessary to choose cable products that are designed for such work. The cable must have at least two insulating layers. In addition to the existing insulation, the wire must be placed in a corrugation. For installation in the ground - in a pipe with sealed couplings.

All sockets, switches, lamps and other elements must be manufactured in the appropriate design. On water, only low voltage is used for power supply. All connecting elements are placed above the water level.

Source: https://electricity-help.ru/ustanovka-i-podklyuchenie/kak-soedinit-yelektricheskie-provoda/

How to connect a wire to a stranded conductor correctly, connection rules

A wire with a stranded core (stranded wire) is one of the most commonly used in electrical wiring, as it has sufficient elasticity and flexibility better than others, and the connections with it are strong and durable. The wire consists of many strands tightly intertwined and covered with a layer of insulation. This type of wire is used not only at home, but also in large-scale production.

If a person does not have special knowledge and skills during the installation of electrical wiring, then incorrect connection of these wires can lead to serious negative consequences. There are so-called “Electrical Installation Rules” (RUE), which clearly state that electrical wiring must be used in a residential area, which is made only with copper wires!

Stranded and single-core wires can only be connected using soldering, pressing, welding, or squeezing.

Let's take a closer look at each of these methods.

Soldering

Soldering is when wire strands are connected using straightened solder. Although this method requires special tools and consumables, it is widely used due to the fact that absolute electrical contact is obtained with this method. This type is used when moving sockets, switches, connecting several damaged wires, etc.

What you will need:

• Flux (rosin)
• Sandpaper
• Tin-lead solder
• Soldering iron

Advice! In order for the connection to last for a long time, immediately before soldering it is necessary to apply a bandage and wrap the connected parts with wires of a smaller diameter.

Stages of work:

1. The first thing that is required is to remove the insulation from the wire by about 40-50 mm.
2. Use sandpaper to polish the wires to a metallic shine.
3. We connect the wire cores using one of the options shown in the figure.
4. Place the solder on the soldering iron and heat the twist so that the molten solder flows into it.
5. After the soldering has hardened, you can wipe it with an alcohol solution.
6. Then the completed connection is isolated.

Note! During the process, and immediately after you have soldered the wires, do not pull them! They should remain motionless for 5-8 seconds until they harden. After the structure has hardened, the surface of the solder will acquire a matte color.

Pressing

One of the advantages of this method is the faster connection speed than soldering.

The pressing method involves the use of special sleeves, hollow from the inside, into which wires are inserted and then clamped with pliers. Sleeves can be aluminum, copper and brass. Aluminum is used with aluminum wires, copper is used with copper, and others are used for both types of wires.

When the sleeves are compressed, the wires are deformed and, rubbing tightly against each other, create the necessary electrical contact, and the junction becomes quite strong.

What you will need:

• Connection sleeve
• Special pliers

Stages of work:

1. Using a special knife, remove the insulation from the wire. Insulation is made along the length of the sleeve.
2. They do a twist.
3. Twisted wires are placed inside.
4. Then the sleeve is squeezed with pliers.
5. Insulation of the connection point.

Advice! To prevent oxidation of the wires, the connection point should be preserved with technical petroleum jelly.

Welding

Connecting wires using this method is superior to other methods, as it is the most durable and of the highest quality. The essence of this method is that the ends of the wire strands are melted using a welding machine, and upon subsequent solidification, these strands become solid, ball-like, which ensures a fairly strong and durable contact. Welding can be carried out using both direct and alternating current.

What you will need:

• Welding machine (power at least 1 kW)
• Carbon electrode
• Flux (it protects the melt from oxygen)
• Welding mask (goggles)
• Rubber gloves
• Cord brush

Stages of work:

1. We remove the insulation and thoroughly clean the conductors to a metallic shine.
2. We twist the wires and align them, cutting off the ends.
3. Pour flux into the recess of the electrode, then, lowering the twist, press it firmly to the electrode.
4. We turn on the welding machine and watch how the ends of the wires melt, turning into a ball.
5. Using a metal brush, you need to thoroughly clean the finished ball of flux.
6. We varnish and insulate the finished connection.

Compression connection

According to the PUE, the compression method is the connection of conductors using bolts and screws. This also includes the use of Wago self-clamping terminals.

Connection with bolts

This type of connection is quite simple, but at the same time not very strong. In order to increase the reliability of the connection, it is necessary to strip the ends of the insulation, then tin the sections and fasten them with a bolt or nut, placing a washer between them. Due to the fact that connection using bolts is quite cumbersome and not entirely aesthetic, it was replaced by another, more convenient method of clamping using screws.

Connection with screws

This method is used to join types of metals such as copper and aluminum. The screw terminal block is presented in the form of a brass tube with two holes and a thread into which screws are inserted, which firmly compress the wire placed in the tube. Due to their small size, screw terminal blocks are used when connecting wires in junction boxes.

Self-clamping terminal block Wago

This method is widely used both in production and at home due to the fact that, firstly, it is simple and easy to use, and secondly, it does not take much time.

In terminal blocks of this type, the wire snaps into the socket. With its help, you can simultaneously connect up to 8 wires at once. Some terminals already have a special contact paste applied to them, which prevents oxidation of the aluminum conductors.

Source: https://remboo.ru/inzhenernye-seti/elektrika/soedinit-provod-s-mnogoprovolochnoj-zhiloj.html

How to properly connect electrical wires

In this article we will talk about how to connect wires to each other in an apartment. The issue of electrical wiring is very relevant, especially for those who decide to do their own repairs. Mostly people are interested in the possibility and technology of connecting wires of different materials and cross-sections to each other. Let's talk about everything in order.

CONTENT:

Connecting blocks - latches

There are also jumper blocks that will allow you to connect wires together, but if you make a mistake, you can disconnect any of the connected wires. These are the so-called latches:

For latches, you should definitely check with the seller in the store about the possibility of connecting wires of different materials and cross-sections.

How to reliably connect any wires without soldering

Not only the trouble-free operation of electrical appliances, but also safety depends on the reliability of the connection of wires.

A poor connection may cause heat and fire. Often the connection points of the wires are not visible and therefore, in order to eliminate the break, you have to dismantle the floor, roof or even break down walls.

Today, the most effective way to connect wires is soldering. But there are times when you cannot use this proven method - there is no soldering iron or solder at hand, there is no electricity, or the person simply does not know how to solder.

There are several proven ways to connect any wires without soldering, which will ensure reliability and, most importantly, safety.

Reliable ways to connect wires without soldering

Today, time-tested methods of connecting wires without soldering have become:

• Twisting is the most popular method. You don't need anything to twist, just pliers! The technology is simple and straightforward - bare wires are twisted with pliers and reliable contact is ensured. There are proven ways to twist two, three or more wires. But this method also has disadvantages; twisting cannot be used if wires made of different metals are connected - copper and aluminum.

No matter how tightly the wires are twisted, over time the contact will deteriorate and local heating will occur, which will lead to a fire.

• Bolted connection - simple and reliable! The ends of the wires are bent in the shape of rings to match the diameter of the bolt and connected. Washers are placed on both sides. Ideally, the bolt, nut and washer should be made of non-ferrous metal (copper, brass or bronze), but if it is steel, that’s okay! Using a bolt, you can connect wires of different metals.
• Terminal blocks are a great item and can be purchased at any electrical supply store. The stripped wires are inserted into the terminal socket and clamped with a screw. Terminal blocks are available for one, two, three or more wires. The product can be reused more than once.

• Spring connection is the fastest method! An experienced installer spends only a couple of seconds connecting two stripped wires. An elastic spring tightly clamps the two conductors, ensuring reliable contact. The product is sold in an electrical goods store for different sections and is not expensive.
• Crimping with sleeves is a reliable method, but to use it you need to have a press. The essence of the method is as follows: two wires are inserted into an aluminum or copper sleeve and it is crimped using a manual or hydraulic press. The method is not inferior in reliability to soldering and even welding. Before inserting the core into the sleeve, especially with large sections, the ohm must be lubricated with a special paste.

The type of connection should be selected based on the expected dimensions of the connection. For example, bulky bolt and terminal boxes are not suitable for electrical wiring.

In what cases is the use of such compounds justified?

If the electrical installation will operate under normal conditions, where there are no dangerous factors (explosive atmosphere, high humidity, high temperatures), then you can safely refuse soldering and use the above connection methods.

These methods not only simplify, but significantly speed up the process of repairing or installing equipment.

Our people are very inventive and can improve such things that sometimes you are surprised at what the ingenuity of a Russian person is capable of!

 If the reader has his own secrets or the author has made some inaccuracies, please share your secrets or comment on this article.

Source: https://tradinghub.ru/kak-nadezhno-soedinit-lyubye-provoda-bez-payki/

How to properly connect wires in a junction box - connection methods and diagrams

Junction boxes perform a very important function. They ensure the distribution of electrical wires between points of consumption, i.e. switches, lighting fixtures and sockets.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRHLv23JFv4

Connecting wires in a junction box

Have you decided to install the devices listed above yourself? Then you need to thoroughly understand the features and order of connecting cables, as well as the basic methods of connecting them.

For a better understanding of the process, this event will be considered in several stages: from preparing the necessary materials to connecting electrical appliances using the example of an outlet, a two-key switch and light bulbs. First, you will learn about the basic methods of connecting cables and the features of connecting the box.

Twist

Twist

Currently, connecting cables in junction boxes using the twisting method is prohibited - it is considered extremely unreliable compared to other existing options. By choosing twisting, you consciously accept all possible responsibility upon yourself.

How to properly splice and branch wires using twisting

The connection itself is extremely simple: approximately 10 mm of insulation is removed from the wires, and then they are carefully screwed onto each other. When connecting wires with a diameter of up to 1 mm, we perform at least 5 turns, in the case of twisting more “serious” cables - from 3 turns.

Crimping

Crimping tool

Popular connection option. It is performed using a special sleeve according to the size of the wire bundle. The sleeve material must also match the cable material.

To crimp the product, press pliers are used to crimp the sleeves. Craftsmen often try to perform crimping using pliers, but professionals recommend refraining from this option, because the connection will not be as reliable.

The work is performed in the following order.

First step

We remove the insulation from the wires, focusing on the length of the sleeve used.

Second step

We twist the wires into a bundle and insert them into the connector.

Third step

We crimp the sleeve with the wires using press pliers.

Crimping process

Fourth step

We insulate the finished connection with heat shrink or regular electrical tape.

Crimping process

Fifth step

Welding

We clean the resulting contact point from flux and cover it with varnish.

Finally, all we have to do is insulate the finished connection.

Screw terminals

Screw terminals

A great method for quickly and easily connecting wires in a junction box. Compact, inexpensive clamps allow you to connect both homogeneous and dissimilar conductors.

The job is done in two simple steps. You need to do the following:

• strip off approximately 5 mm of insulation from the ends of the wires;
• insert the wires into the clamp and tighten with a screw.

Important! Control the clamping force so as not to damage the integrity of the cores. Be especially careful when connecting aluminum wires.

Bolted connections

Bolted connections

The connection is reliable, but very bulky. Suitable for the same bulky old-style boxes. In a modern box, a bolted connection may simply not fit.

The work is performed in the following order.

Self-clamping connections

The most modern and popular option today. The clamps are extremely easy to use. In addition, such connections initially contain a paste that eliminates the risk of metal oxidation, which allows dissimilar conductors to be inserted into the clips without any fear.

We work in this order.

Self-clamping connections

First step. We remove approximately 10 mm of insulation from each wire.

Second step. Raise the clip lever up.

Third step. Insert the conductors into the connector.

Fourth step. We lower the lever down.

Clamps without levers simply snap into place.

Self-clamping connections

Studying the box wiring diagram

When connecting wires in a junction box, it is very important to know the specific markings of each cable. This will create a secure, reliable and generally correct connection.

Let's study the wiring diagram of the box. Connecting wires with grounding (PE)

Connecting wires without grounding (PE)

So, the “zero” wires (in the diagram they are blue) and the ground cables (indicated in yellow) are connected accordingly by color, as shown in the image. When arranging two-wire wiring, the circuit remains the same, only the grounding wires are excluded.

The phase desoldering procedure (indicated in black or red) is more complex. If only cables are routed through the box to connect the socket, the phase wires are also connected together.

Scheme in a junction box, two lamps

If cables go from the box to a switch with one button, then the wire that goes to the switch must be twisted with all the wires of the phase. The same cable that comes from the switch is connected to the phase wire going to the lighting fixture. As a result, 4 connections will be made.

Scheme in a junction box, two lamps and a group of sockets

In the case of connection through a junction box of a switch with two keys in conditions of three-wire wiring, a cable with four cores is connected to the chandelier. If the wiring is two-wire, the number of wires is reduced to three, because grounding is excluded from the circuit, as shown in the figure.

Studying the box wiring diagram

Without taking into account the separate twisting of the ground electrode, 4 connections are created in the box. All the “zero” wires (indicated in blue) are connected to each other.

The phases of the sockets and the power cable are twisted together and then connected to the common terminal of the switch with two keys. From the latter there are 2 separate wires going to the lighting fixture.

Thus, there is nothing super complicated about wiring the box. You just need to understand the peculiarities of the wire designation and the order of their connection. After this, you can begin to consolidate the acquired theoretical knowledge in practice.

Proper connection of wires in the junction box

The procedure for installing and connecting the distribution box

You are invited to familiarize yourself with the features of all key stages of connecting a junction box: from wiring to connecting electrical appliances.

The first stage - getting ready for work

Preparation of the workplace

First of all, we prepare everything that is needed to connect electrical appliances to the box. Set includes:

• cables 3x2.5, VVG;
• cables 2x2.5, AVVG;
• switch with 2 keys;
• fastenings;
• lighting;
• socket;
• round nose pliers;
• roulette;
• wire cutters;
• pliers;
• flat screwdriver;
• hammer.

Second stage - make the markings

Marking the working surface

At this stage, we mark the installation locations of electrical appliances and the routes for wires. This way we can calculate the required amount of materials for installing the system.

The third stage - we begin installation

Start of installation

First turn off the electricity supply.

We connect the wires to the junction box. As a rule, cables are laid in grooves. Small nails or special plastic staples are used to secure the cables. If the work is carried out in a wooden house, the wires will be supplied through special mounting boxes.

Important note! You should try to lay the wiring so that the cables do not intersect. If intersections are unavoidable, such places must be isolated especially carefully.

The fourth stage - we connect electrical appliances and connect the wires

Schematic diagram of connecting wires through terminal blocks

We insert approximately 10 cm of wire into a distribution box pre-built into the wall or fixed to the base (depending on the model). We remove the general sheath from the cables. Then we remove approximately 0.5 cm of insulation from each core. At this point, we focus on the situation - we remove enough insulation so that the cores can be connected in the chosen way.

The diagram shows an example of connecting electrical wires using terminal blocks.

In the example under consideration, the connection is made using a two-wire wire, in which one wire is a zero, the second is a phase. We connect the outlet and lighting fixtures to zero. We connect the phase supply wire to the socket and one core of the switch cable.

In our example, the switch is two-key. Each key is responsible for controlling a separate group of lighting fixtures. We connect the second wire of the switch cable to the first button, the third wire is connected to the second button.

The distribution box contains the neutral wires from the socket and light bulb sockets. The power cable is connected: zero is marked in blue, phase is marked in red. Wires are connected to connect each switch button to the light sockets.

Connecting wires

Connecting wires

Connecting wires

Fifth stage - checking the functionality of the system

We turn on the power supply and check the operation of our socket and switch. Everything works fine. We did a great job.

Checking the functionality of electrical equipment

Now you know the order of connecting the wires in the junction box and the connection features of each main electrical appliance. Using the information received, you will be able to independently cope with all planned events.

Good luck!

– Connection of wires in the junction box

Source: https://derevyannie-doma.com/poleznoe/soedinenie-provodov-v-raspredelitel-noy-korobke-video-shemy-foto.html