How to connect two wires of different sections

Electrical wiring diagrams in a private house: self-installation according to instructions

A modern home is a network of communications, the intersection of all kinds of wires, pipes of various diameters and cables, each of which has its own purpose.

The uninterrupted functioning of household electrical appliances and intra-house communications depends on the reliability of the electrical network. Its installation and switching must be entrusted to a specialist electrician.

But, given that the process is simple, someone with basic knowledge of the functioning of the electrical network will be able to install electrical wiring in a private home independently.

DIY electrical wiring installation

The construction of the house is carried out in several stages. The installation of communications begins after the box - walls and roof - has been erected. Wiring installation is carried out in accordance with a pre-drawn step-by-step diagram. When you have doubts about your own abilities, you need to invite a professional.

You need to have a simple set of tools and know how to use them. Compliance with safety precautions is mandatory. For work you will need electric and manual tools and protective equipment:

• angle grinder (grinder);
• wall chaser for selecting grooves in concrete and brick walls;
• hammer drill for drilling through holes in walls and selecting mounting grooves and holes;
• wire crimping pliers;
• insulation stripper for stripping cable ends;
• hammer, pliers, side cutters;
• screwdrivers, knife for working with wires;
• a reliable stepladder for mounting lamps and chandeliers;
• protective gloves and a respirator if you plan to cut grooves.

Step-by-step instruction

Installing electrical wiring in a house involves a sequence of actions. Before getting down to business, it is imperative to develop an action plan, divide all work into successive stages and strictly follow the plan.

Also, at the stage of creating step-by-step instructions, it is necessary to create a list with an approximate list of necessary accessories and consumables. The exact amount of material that is purchased for moldings will become clear after marking the walls and taking measurements.

Circuit markup

Work begins with surface marking of laying places, cable switching, points of single intersection of communications, installation areas of circuit control elements and electrical distribution points: switches, sockets, chandeliers, lamps, junction boxes, panels. It is convenient to mark with colored chalk - highways are indicated by one color, fittings - by another.

After the diagram is transferred from paper to the walls, “bottlenecks” will be discovered - points of intersection of electrical wires with other communications: heating water pipes, ventilation gutters, etc. Contact of conductive elements with metal components of intra-house communications is strictly prohibited. Places of possible contact and areas inconvenient for work can be bypassed and, if necessary, moved.

It is impossible to save on laying cables using the “shortest route”; it is customary for electricians to lay hidden lines from sockets and switches horizontally and vertically; this will help in the future to facilitate the installation of decorative elements and household items mounted on walls: paintings, cabinets, shelves, mezzanines.

Wall work

The volume of chiselling work depends on the type of wiring being laid in a brick house: it can be open or hidden. Chiseling, the most labor-intensive and traumatic part of the activity, involves working with electric tools.

It is necessary to observe safety measures: use protective equipment, take a stable position while working, using cutting and chiseling tools above floor level, use stable ladders, reliable stepladders, scaffolding. It is better to bypass narrow and inconvenient places for working with power tools.

Open wiring

If the power supply to a private house is carried out over the walls, it is necessary to select holes for embedded elements in which the wires will be laid - cable channels, corrugated pipes, brackets, baseboards. The open type of wiring is considered less labor-intensive, but its significant drawback is the disruption of the aesthetics of the premises by external electrical installation elements.

Hiding wiring with plasterboard panels leads to a significant loss of volume in residential premises. For open installation, it is necessary to use special corrugated pipes and cable ducts made of non-flammable plastics.

Closed wiring

When electrical wiring is carried out in channels specially selected for this purpose in the thickness of the walls, it is called closed. Carrying out the preparatory part, you will have to make a lot of noise and create dust: making grooves in the brick for the wires and using a core drill to select holes for mounting internal sockets and switches is a difficult task. The laboriousness of the process is justified by the end result - the beautiful aesthetics of the interior upon completion of the renovation.

It is impossible to electrify a wooden structure (a log house or a structure made of timber) in a closed way; laying wires in the thickness of the tree is strictly prohibited. In order not to spoil the aesthetics of the premises, retro installation is used as an option - twisted wires are fixed on special porcelain insulators. Sockets and switches are installed on dielectric porcelain pads. Junction boxes must be fireproof.

Preparing the wires

Before wiring, you need to decide on the material of the wires: copper or aluminum. It is advisable to lay main carriers of the same type; the copper-aluminum strands will heat up and weaken. In damp rooms (bathrooms, basements) the situation will be aggravated by oxidation. In cases where it is necessary to connect different metals, special mounting strips or tubular connecting crimp lugs are used.

Before purchasing cables, you need to make lists of group consumers (electrical appliances that will be located in each room) and calculate their total power. This will help the sales consultant suggest wires of the required cross-section. Excessively thick - not needed, because... will greatly increase the estimated cost of wiring in the house. In addition, they are much rougher and inconvenient to work with.

Kinds

Wires are divided according to the material of manufacture:

1. Aluminum. Cheap, their disadvantage is fragility and lower electrical conductivity compared to copper.
2. Copper. They are flexible and can withstand several twists and impacts from bolted mounting strips.

By appearance:

1. Flat. They are used when hidden installation is envisaged: slotting work is labor-intensive, and flat cables require less installation space in the grooves.
2. Round. Needed for installation of open type wiring.

By type of conductor:

1. Single-core. The current-carrying core is solid. Well suited for replacing electrical wiring in a private home as well as creating a power supply system in newly built premises.
2. Stranded. The core consists of several thin wires combined into a bundle. These cables are extremely flexible and can be installed in sharp bends. When connecting on mounting strips and automatic cutters, the ends of stranded wires are sealed into tubular lugs so that the bolts do not crush the bundle and do not cut off individual wires with sharp edges.

A caveat: it is more convenient to work with multi-colored wires, especially when installing sockets with a grounding conductor.

Which ones to choose

You shouldn’t be zealous and buy something overly fashionable and technologically advanced - just choose non-flammable conductors with double insulation (brands VVG, PVG) and a cross-section from 3 to 5 mm.

Input cable

The cable that powers the house from the overhead line is called the input cable; it must withstand the total load of the connected facility. The input cable is laid from the power line pole to the input panel. Installation to the panel is carried out independently; it is connected to the power line by a specialized team of electricians.

The self-supporting insulated wire (SIP) used to make the input comes in cross-sections of 10.16 and 25 mm. The SIP is fixed with special tensioners; its stripping and switching by twisting is not allowed; piercing clamps must be used.

Grounding

A grounding loop is required to minimize the risk of electric shock to people. Modern facilities use three-pole sockets with a grounding pin connected by a grounding conductor to the circuit.

How to make a grounding loop in a private house

The grounding loop consists of metal pins (electrodes) driven into the vertices of an equilateral triangle drawn on the ground. At the soil level, the electrodes are welded together using rolled wire. The grounding circuit must comply with the operating rules for electrical installations.

The distance between the electrodes and their depth depend on the electrical conductivity of the soil in which the circuit is installed; Installation values ​​must be clarified with the service organization. After installation, the electrical laboratory tests the circuit for compliance with standards.

Residual current system and circuit breaker

In the electrical wiring diagram in a private house, 2 types of protective devices against electric shock are used:

1. RCD - residual current device. Cuts off the line in case of leakage.
2. RCBO - residual current circuit breaker. Shuts down in case of leakage, overloads and short circuits.

RCBO is a complex and expensive device, which, in addition to its purpose, also performs the functions of an RCD. For a private house, installing an RCD will be sufficient.

Distribution boxes

Distribution boxes are necessary for arranging connections of electrical wires and distributing lines leading to electricity distribution facilities. In boxes, wires can be connected by twisting or fixing with bolts on special mounting strips. The boxes limit accidental access to connections and prevent the spread of fire in the event of overheating of connections and short circuits.

Installation and switching of cables and structures

Electrical wiring in the house is connected to each other using the following method:

1. Soldering. Soldering is not used for in-house installation; it is an expensive and labor-intensive process.
2. Twisting. The easiest way to install wires from the same material. Copper and aluminum cannot be twisted - the connection will heat up.
3. Connections on terminal blocks. Reliable, simple and inexpensive installation method. Terminal blocks of various types, shapes, types and sizes greatly simplify installation.

Connecting lighting sockets

Electrical wiring in a private house with your own hands should eliminate confusion: each wire, zero-phase-ground, must be in its place, they cannot be confused. To prevent this from happening, you should focus on the difference in the color of the cores.

Switchboard

All wires converge to the switchboard: power input from outside and group consumers from inside the house. You need to equip the switchboard with cut-off machines yourself. The number of machines must correspond to the number of group consumers. It would not be superfluous to provide backup machines.

To facilitate switching and prevent errors when changing installation, the ends of the cables must be marked with temporary nameplates (markers with a mark on the purpose of the wire); they can be secured to the end of the wire with cable ties or duct tape. After installation, the information from the nameplates is transferred to a plate fixed on the switchboard door.

Testing and commissioning

Electrical laboratory specialists check the functionality of the installed in-house electrical network. After the tests, a protocol is written and a report on the test results is issued. If the test wiring did not pass, the report will indicate a list of shortcomings that need to be eliminated. After they are eliminated, the check is repeated.

Conclusion

Based on a clearly drawn up action plan, it is not difficult to carry out electrical wiring in the house with your own hands. It is worth paying maximum attention to creating a plan and considering each of the stages of the proposed work.

Even the smallest details need to be written down on paper. If possible, you should consult with electrical specialists or friends who have independently installed electrical wiring.

Watch also the video on how to make electrical wiring yourself

Source: https://vodatyt.ru/elektrika/v-chastnom-dome.html

Terminal blocks for wires - “reliable, like the entire civilian fleet”

Today it is difficult to imagine the work of an electrician without the use of mounting accessories, namely various terminal blocks. With the development of technology, new requirements are being established for the safety and parameters of electrical networks in premises for various purposes, new requirements are being issued and standards are being established that have already prohibited the use of twists, which were indispensable some 20-30 years ago.

Types of individual terminals

This is what a prefabricated terminal block looks like for several cores, and individual clamps are nestled inside it

Let's get straight to the main point. Let's start with the fact that all terminals can be divided into two types: electrical and electrical.

The difference between them is small and lies in the maximum current load, so when choosing an option for a specific connection, always pay attention to this. Otherwise, the models will differ from each other in their shape and method of fixing the cables, which determines the ease of working with a particular device.

In the first part of the article we will list the simplest options for individual terminals, mostly related to electrical engineering.

Interesting to know! In addition to terminal connections, electricians use many other methods for connecting wires, for example, soldering or welding, but terminals are rightfully considered the fastest and most convenient to install.

Scabbard terminals

Such terminals usually have two connectors “male” and “female”

This version of the sv 15 terminal blocks can be considered the most common. Probably everyone who has ever looked inside an iron or under the hood of a car has seen them. It is considered electrical, since it is not intended for connections in power electrical circuits, that is, you will not find it in an apartment or electrical panels.

• It is possible to install such a solution on wires, mainly multi-core, with a cross-section from 0.26 to 6 millimeters.
• This is done simply - the end of the wire, stripped of insulation, is inserted into the crimp shank, after which its blades are pressed tightly to the center using pliers, thereby ensuring a reliable connection.
• Such terminal blocks for wires have mating parts; they are conventionally called “male and female”. After installing each such part on the corresponding ends of the wire, they are inserted into each other. In finished products, the male is usually hard-soldered into some part, such as a relay, so you only need the female, which is shown in the photo above.
• You can purchase two types of such terminals: with and without insulation. The color of the insulation varies and usually indicates the power of the product. The second option is more convenient to use when connecting individual wires, and then cover the connection with electrical tape or heat shrink.

Ring terminals

Another common terminal option

Here are the terminals used for screw connections of conductors. This option can also be divided into two groups, which are non-isolated.

• The first type includes models with a closed ring. To connect it, you need to completely disassemble the bolted connection, and putting on the ends to be connected, tighten everything again.

Horn terminal

• The second type is a model with a broken contour, so to speak, a fork or horn type. Similar options can be used on unassembled bolted connections - it is enough to just loosen the tie a little so that there is enough space to make contact.

It is worth noting that both versions are widely used in electrical engineering. They can be found in the same cars or, for example, in all kinds of Hi-Fi speaker systems.

However, the first type is still more common due to better technical characteristics. They can be used with wires of various cross-sections: from 0.25 to 16.8 millimeters - while the plug type is designed for a much smaller range - from 0.25 to 4.6 millimeters.

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Source: http://www.12info.ru/klemmniki-dlya-provodov-nadezhnye-kak-ves-grazhdanskij-flot.html

Methods for connecting wires to each other

First of all, you must understand that different types of connections may be used in different conditions. And their choice depends on the specific task at hand.

For example, it is much more convenient to connect small-section wires up to 2.5 mm2 in a compact junction box with terminal blocks or clamps. But if we are talking about a groove or a cable channel, then the sleeves come first.

Let's consider the three most simple and at the same time reliable types of connections.

Let's start with the connection type PPE. It stands for:

It looks like a simple cap. Comes in different colors.

The cores are inserted into this cap and twisted together.

How to do it correctly, first twist the wires and then put on a cap or twist them directly with the PPE itself, is discussed in detail in the article “PPE cap for twisting wires.”

As a result, thanks to PPE, you get a good old twist, only immediately protected and insulated.

On top of that, it has a spring-loaded contact that prevents it from coming loose.

In addition, this process can be slightly automated by using an attachment for PPE for a screwdriver. This is also discussed in the above article.

The next type is Wago terminal blocks. They also come in different sizes, and for different numbers of connected wires - two, three, five, eight.

They can connect both monocores and stranded wires together.
Moreover, this can be implemented both in different types of Vago, and in just one.

For stranded ones, the clamp must have a latch-flag, which, when open, easily allows you to insert the wire and clamp it inside after latching.

According to the manufacturer, these terminal blocks in home wiring can easily withstand loads of up to 24A (lights, sockets).

There are some compact specimens also available for 32A-41A.

Here are the most popular types of Wago clamps, their markings, characteristics and what cross-section they are designed for:

There is also an industrial series for cable cross-sections up to 95mm2. Their terminals are really large, but the principle of operation is almost the same as that of small ones.

When you measure the load on such terminals, with a current value of more than 200A, and at the same time you see that nothing is burning or heating, many doubts about Wago products disappear.

If you have original Vago clamps, and not a Chinese counterfeit, and the line is protected by a circuit breaker with a correctly selected setting, then this type of connection can rightfully be called the simplest, most modern and convenient to install.

Violate any of the above conditions and the result will be quite natural.

Therefore, there is no need to install wago at 24A and at the same time protect such wiring with a 25A automatic. In this case, the contact will burn out if overloaded.

Always choose the right terminal blocks for your car.

There is also a fairly old type of connection, such as terminal blocks. ZVI – insulated screw clamp.

In appearance, this is a very simple screw connection of wires to each other. Again, it comes in different sections and different shapes.

Here are their technical characteristics (current, cross-section, dimensions, screw torque):

However, ZVI has a number of significant disadvantages, due to which it cannot be called the most successful and reliable connection.

Basically, you can only connect two wires to each other in this way. Unless, of course, you specifically choose large pads and shove several wires there. What to do is not recommended.

This screw connection works well for monocores, but not for stranded flexible wires.

For flexible wires, you will have to press them with NShVI lugs and incur additional costs.

You can find videos online where, as an experiment, transition resistances on different types of connections are measured with a microohmmeter.

But we should not forget that this experiment refers to “fresh contacts.” Try making the same measurements after a year or two of intensive use. The results will be completely different.

Often a situation arises when it is necessary to connect a copper conductor to an aluminum one. Since the chemical properties of copper and aluminum are different, direct contact between them, with access to oxygen, leads to oxidation. Often even copper contacts on circuit breakers are susceptible to this phenomenon.

An oxide film forms, resistance increases, and heating occurs. Here we recommend using 3 options to avoid this:

• bolt + nut with steel washers

They remove direct contact between aluminum and copper. The connection occurs through steel.

• special Wago terminal blocks with paste

The contacts are separated from each other in separate cells, plus the paste prevents the access of air and prevents the oxidation process from developing.

• use of copper-aluminum adapter sleeves GMA

The third simple way to connect conductors is crimping with sleeves.

GML sleeves are most often used for joining copper wires. Deciphered as:

For connecting pure aluminum - GA (aluminum sleeve):

To switch from copper to aluminum, special adapters GAM:

What is the crimping method? Everything is quite simple. Take two conductors and strip them to the required distance.

After this, on each side of the sleeve, the conductors are inserted inside, and the whole thing is crimped with press pliers.

Despite its obvious simplicity, there are several rules and nuances in this procedure, if not followed, you can easily ruin a seemingly reliable contact. Read about these mistakes and rules on how to avoid them in the articles “5 Rules of Crimping” and “Crimping Insulated Tips, Sleeves and Terminals”.

To work with conductors of large sections 35mm2-240mm2, a hydraulic press is used.

Up to cross-sections of 35mm2, you can also use a mechanical one with a large span of handles.

The sleeve must be crimped two to four times, depending on the cross-section of the wire and the length of the tube.

The most important thing in this work is to choose the correct sleeve size.

And in this way you can connect several conductors at one point at the same time. In this case, only one sleeve will be used.

The main thing is to completely fill its internal space. If you are crimping three conductors at the same time, and you still have voids inside, then you need to “fill” this free space with additional pieces of the same wire, or with conductors of a smaller cross-section.

Only after this can you press.

After crimping, such a connection must be insulated. The most convenient way to do this is with a heat-shrinkable tube HERE.  

There are tubes with an adhesive base. When heated, this glue flows out and ensures the tightness of the connection.

Insulation using a thermal tube is also a fairly simple process. In the absence of a gas burner or hair dryer, even a lighter is sufficient for small sections.

Sleeve crimping is one of the most versatile and reliable connections, especially when it is necessary to extend the cable, including the input cable.

In this case, the insulation turns out to be almost equivalent to the main one, when also using the outer tube HERE as a casing.
Of course, you won’t use either PPE or Wago for these purposes, but GML cartridges are just the thing! At the same time, everything comes out compact and can be easily reduced, either in a groove or in a cable channel.

In addition to all the above connection methods, there are two more types that experienced electricians rightfully consider the most reliable.

• electric welding

• soldering wires

However, this type of docking cannot be classified as simple. It requires special equipment, which even 90% of electricians often do not have available.

And even with its help it is not always possible to connect an aluminum monocore wire with a flexible copper stranded one. In addition, you are forever tied to an outlet or extension cord.

What if there is no voltage or generator nearby? More details

At the same time, on the contrary, 90% of electrical installers have elementary press pliers. It is not necessary to purchase the most expensive and sophisticated ones for this.

For example, batteries. It’s convenient, of course, just walk and press a button.

The Chinese counterparts also cope well with their task of crimping. Moreover, the entire process takes no more than 1 minute.

Source: https://domikelectrica.ru/sposoby-soedineniya-provodov-mezhdu-soboj/

How to connect the wires?

It may seem to some that there is absolutely nothing complicated about this, but later, if you do not pay due attention, this can lead to the wiring failing, and even the impossibility of restoring it without major repairs.

That is why it is necessary to know in what cases and what joining technique should be used in order to achieve the best result.

How to connect two wires

Connecting a pair of wires is the most common case when a consumer needs to create a circuit, but cannot do without a break.

Depending on the operating conditions, the following types of connections are distinguished:

• · soldering – a reliable connection, used in low-voltage circuits, electronics and household networks with low load;
• · mechanical clamp – used in household and industrial networks; depending on the load power, the corresponding types of clamps are used;
• · mechanical twisting is the simplest and most accessible method, can be used in household networks.

Most often, in domestic conditions, especially when it is necessary to quickly make a connection, and there is nothing else at hand, twisting is performed, and for mechanical strength it is also combined with soldering, but on the condition that powerful heating devices are not connected to the line, which may cause the solder to melt.

If this is still expected, it is recommended to leave the twist in its original position, or use a clamp.

How to connect 3 wires

Quite often a situation arises when it is necessary to connect not two, but three wires, for example, when supplying energy from one phase to two consumers at once, and in such cases, the most convenient method of connection is a mechanical clamp.

Depending on how large the load will be, it is necessary to select the appropriate model of the clamp used. The simplest option is a metal sleeve into which wires are inserted on both sides, on the one hand supplying, and on the other, pre-twisted together, feeding.

If one of the wires has a larger cross-section, then it is this wire that is inserted into the sleeve without twisting. After the wires are inserted, the connection is secured with clamping screws.

If the wires are of small cross-section, then the usual twisting of all three is used; pliers are used to ensure a tight connection. The twisting area can be covered with a plastic threaded cap.

How to connect wires of different sections

Quite often it is necessary to connect wires of different cross-sections; this can be seen in the distribution boards of residential buildings, when branches go from the supply core to each of the apartments.

The difference in cross-sections, and sometimes significant, primarily implies a very tight connection in order to avoid heating in this place.

The most commonly used connection method in this case is twisting. Despite the seeming backwardness of this method, many experts can confirm that if the twisting is done well, it can withstand a much greater load and temperature than a clamp.

It is advisable to do twisting in the case when it is necessary to make a branch from the main line that does not have a break. In this case, in a selected area, the insulation layer is simply removed, and the end of the connected wire is wound around the core of the line.

When a wire break does occur, mechanical clamps, or terminal blocks, or any other device that is structurally designed to connect such cross-sectional sizes can be used.

Source: http://euroelectrica.ru/kak-soedinit-provoda/

Protection of two lines with one machine

There is often a situation where you need to connect two wires into one machine. Before doing this, you should know the features of such a connection, and also correctly calculate the load resulting from the connection, whether it exceeds the rating of the circuit breaker.

You also need to know the correct way to connect both wires to the machine contact, since an incorrect connection will either lead to the contact burning out, or the machine terminal will not make contact with the wire. Now about everything in detail.

Connecting two wires to one machine

I’ll say right away: you can connect two wires to the machine only if you follow all the rules for such a connection, otherwise this situation will lead to disastrous consequences. Ideally, it is better to connect one wire to one machine, but if for some reason this cannot be done, you need to follow the advice from this article.

Below we will look at the main problems of such a connection, as well as consider ways to avoid these problems and how to connect correctly.

Possible problems with such a connection

We list the main problems of connecting two wires to one machine :

1) Overstating the machine - the wiring will burn out

Each machine has its own nominal characteristics. Each wire also has its own characteristics, depending on the cross-section of the wire and its type. In electrical applications, copper wires are the most popular.

In the case when the wire cross-section is designed, for example, for a current of 21 amperes (for a wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm2), the machine must be installed with a rating of no more than 16 amperes. Considering that with an overload of 45%, any circuit breaker may not turn off for 1 hour (1.45 * 16 = 23.2 A), the wire will have a certain safety margin.

The main purpose of the machine is to protect electrical wiring and electrical appliances connected to it from high currents that occur during a short circuit and overload.

It happens that a circuit breaker is often knocked out, while many simply replace it with a circuit breaker of a higher rating. But at the same time, the installed machine accordingly passes a current whose strength exceeds the maximum possible for normal operation of the wiring. As a result, such wiring burns out, melts, and can even short out due to insulation failure.

When connecting two wires to one machine, follow a very simple rule:

Both wires must be of the same cross-section and correspond to the rating of the machine!

For example, a 16 amp machine is available. For proper connection, we take two NYM type cables with a cross section of 3×2.5. The maximum permissible continuous current value for such a cable is 25 A if the cable is hanging in the air, and 38 A if it lies in the ground. Since our cable does not lie in the ground, so as not to test it under maximum loads, a 16 Ampere circuit breaker is the ideal solution for such a cable, and in our case, for two wires.

2) Poor contact at the terminal

When connecting two wires to one machine, a problem arises: how to ensure tight contact between the machine terminal and both ends of the wire.

It has already been written above that the wires must be of the same cross-section. Why? When connecting wires of different cross-sections to the circuit breaker, when you tighten the terminal, one of the wires will not have good, tight contact with the terminal due to the larger wire .

Many “Kulibins” will immediately say “twist two wires of different sections into a twist and you will be happy.” There are statistics for this that show that twisting is the most common cause of malfunction in electrical wiring. Due to poor fastening, the twist will constantly fall out, or, no, touching the terminal of the machine, it will short out.

Two wires of the same cross-section will fit perfectly into the terminal of the machine without twisting. If you need to connect wires of different sections or more than two in number, then it is better to use special cross modules or buses for these purposes.

To connect multi-core wires, there is a decent way out of this situation - NSHVI lugs (insulated pin sleeve lug). These are special connectors that are designed to connect two wires. They have a cone-shaped input and a metal contact that is directly inserted into the terminal of the machine.

NShVI tips are divided into two types: NShVI and NShVI-2. NShVI are designed for terminating the cores of one wire, and NShVI-2 is for terminating two multi-core wires with one sleeve with the possibility of connecting them later to one terminal.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2J-6t4Rfb0

The use of such tips will ensure, firstly, ideal contact of the electrical wiring with the terminal of the machine, and secondly, it will give an aesthetic appearance to your panel. All connections will be neat and reliable without any twists, and two wires will be connected perfectly into one circuit breaker.

Connecting mono-core and multi-core in the terminal of the machine

Friends, especially for comment No. 1 under this article, I decided to consider another way to connect two wires in a machine, and the wires are different in design. We are talking about connecting single-core (monolithic) and stranded wires to the terminal of the circuit breaker.

The NShVI tip will help us with this. We take two wires, remove the insulation from them and crimp them with a double tip. In my example, both monolithic and stranded wires with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 are crimped NShVI(2)-2.5.

The advantage of this connection is that the wall of the tip itself is thin and under the action of the screw force the sleeve will compress, thereby improving the connection of the wires.

Source: https://electricvdome.ru/avtomaticheskie-vikluchateli/dva-provoda-v-odin-avtomat.html

Methods for connecting electrical wires or how to avoid fire

With the development of new technologies, life is becoming much more dangerous for humanity. For example, electricity gives us comfort, but at the same time it can be unsafe for life. In today's article we will discuss ways to connect electrical wires and consider the safest options.

In order to connect current-carrying conductors, various materials with special properties and capabilities are used. Each of these products is optimal for certain conditions.

How are the wires connected to each other?

There are only five main options for connecting electrical wiring:

• welding;
• soldering;
• twist;
• bolt fastenings;
• plastic terminal clamps.

Each of these methods has been used in practice more than once, but the method of twisting conductors is considered unsafe without the use of additional connections or good insulation.

Electrical connection using soldering method

Methods of connecting wires: procedure for performing the operation

Twisting is considered the most common option for fastening several conductors together. For this method, it is enough to remove the insulation from the current-carrying wires and twist them tightly together.

Important! For maximum reliability of such a connection, it is recommended to remove the insulation material by at least 5 cm. For good contact, the wires are pressed with pliers.

The method of soldering two conductors takes a little longer than the previous one, but it is more reliable. The ends of the conductors are coated with tin or rosin, and then carefully soldered. Such fastening does not create much resistance in the conductors.

The welding method is similar to soldering, but requires more care and the involvement of specialists for such work.

Connection terminals are the most popular and advanced option. Similar fasteners are used in switchboard devices and distribution boxes. The convenience of the connection lies in the ability to use current-carrying conductors of various cross-sections and materials of manufacture.

Spring fasteners are not inferior to pads. The method of such a connection is no less reliable, but efficient. With this, everyone can cope with the task of connecting electrical wiring. In home improvement, the use of bolted clamps and connections is practiced. The only drawback of such fasteners is the mandatory and durable insulation. These devices are used to fasten stranded wires and conductors with different cross-sections.

Spring terminal blocks for wires of different sections

How to connect wires of different sections?

Connecting wires of different sections requires care. However, by twisting or soldering, you can only connect cores of adjacent sections, for example, 4 sq. mm and 5 sq. mm.

1. Conductors of different sizes are connected using screw-type terminals (SCI). This device allows you to insert a core of one cross-section into one entrance, and a different cross-section into the other. A reliable clamp will ensure perfect electrical contact. Each wire is clamped with a separate screw.
2. Universal self-clamps Wago. This tool has been used for quite some time. It is easy to use. They are intended not only for connecting conductors with different cross-sections, but also create good contact between conductors made of different raw materials.
3. A bolted connection can be made from an unlimited number of conductors. They use both different sections and different materials. Installation of washers in such a connection is mandatory. In addition, it is important to tighten the bolts tightly so that they do not quickly become loose.
4. It is common to use tinned copper tips in combination with a bolted connection. Tips alone are not enough; you also need to purchase a hydraulic press or special pliers. To achieve a tight connection, the insulation must be removed in accordance with the PUE. Similar to the previous method, flat metal washers are used.

Important! It is not recommended to service wires before connecting to powerful consumers.

Terminal blocks for connecting wires of different materials

Stranded wires, is it possible to connect them?

Most modern apartments are equipped with multi-core electrical wiring. Therefore, sooner or later the question of its restoration or addition arises. What to do in such situations - see our recommendations.

Traditional and fairly familiar connection options can be used for both single-core and stranded wires.

For example, the WAGO spring terminal block is an ideal mounting method. For multi-core current-carrying elements, product grade 222 is used. Stranded copper can be connected by twisting. Here all the conductors are collected into pigtails, and the ends are carefully processed with sandpaper.

Recommendation! Add strength to your wire connection. To do this, provide the conductors with additional insulation. Use modern means, liquid insulation is perfect.

PPE caps for insulating wire connections

Insulation of conductor connections: important points

There are many options used as insulation for junctions of current-carrying conductors. Typically, special insulating plastic caps (PPE) are used to traditional methods of connecting conductors. Such means are not very reliable, but will provide the best contact if the wires are twisted, soldered or welded.

It is recommended to use the twisting technique only for the lighting system, since such a connection for power circuits is unfavorable. In domestic conditions, simplified types of wire connections are used, which do not require certain qualifications and are carried out quite quickly.

Attention! Twist the wires correctly; secure it by soldering, welding and provide insulation.

Source: https://prokommunikacii.ru/elektrika/elektroprovodka/sposoby-soedineniya-ehlektricheskikh-provodov-ili-kak-izbezhat-vozgoraniya.html

Making the correct twist of wires

Wire twisting is one of the methods when it is necessary to make a branch or additional wiring connection. However, according to the PUE it is prohibited to use it. But knowing how to twist wires correctly, you can really avoid unforeseen incidents, especially short circuits, which often lead to fire.  

Connecting wires

To ensure full electrical conductivity, the integrity of the wiring is an important point. Damage or poor-quality adhesion is unacceptable. It is important to ensure tight contact contacts and reliable connections in the “electrical node” areas. There are certain methods for eliminating breaks in cables. Among them, welding should be noted. It applies to copper and aluminum wires. This ensures a particularly reliable grip.

Connections can be divided into types:

• twist;
• welding;
• soldering;
• pressure testing;
• terminal blocks;
• self-clamping terminal blocks (WAGO terminals);
• PPE caps;
• bolt clamp.

Connection methods

The most complete connection for wires made of copper is soldering. It can be easily accomplished using flux (rosin, borax) and tin solder. Terminal blocks are also used - a special device that is made using screw terminals. They are selected separately in accordance with the cross-section of the cores.

Self-clamping terminal blocks are often used to save time on electrical installation work. In order to isolate a twisted or soldered electrical connection, PPE insulating caps are used. Today in the energy sector, WAGO terminals are widely used, which are produced for wires and cables of various diameters.

In addition, WAGO terminals allow you to connect conductors made of different materials (copper and aluminum).

The choice of which connection to use depends on various factors:

• material (steel, copper, aluminum);
• number of twisted elements;
• section;
• place of work (house, street, in the ground, etc.).

Types of twists

Reliable and tight twisting protects against unforeseen emergency situations. It is important to do it as correctly as possible. Even the slightest violation of safety regulations can cause a fire.

For this reason, the rules for the design of electrical equipment do not provide for the legal use of this method. Despite the ban, it is relevant both in production and in everyday life.

Existing types of wire twists can be used temporarily when, for some reason, a quick connection using safer methods is not possible.

There are simple methods by which the connection can be made safely and firmly. They are not difficult even for a beginner. When performing, it is possible to use both two wires and several. The following known types of twists are usually used:

• bandage;
• groove;
• simple branching method.

Types of wire twists

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZH1ZLOYL_xo

The above twisted electrical wires are completely reliable electrical connections. But implementation requires certain skills with hand tools. Self-training is available to every person who practices repairing electrical wires.

Bandage is one of the methods of twisting wires, often used in everyday life. It is characterized by the use of an additional segment, which is superimposed on the connected conductors. This is a good method for serial, parallel and branch connections.

Stranded

Beginners sometimes wonder: “how to connect single-core and stranded copper wire?” In fact, the main requirement is a tight and reliable fit of the cross-sectional area of ​​the cores to each other.

Knowing how many wires can be twisted into one twist, you can quickly complete the task. The number of electrical conductors depends on their cross-section. The larger it is, the fewer wires are allowed to twist.

And vice versa: the smaller the cross-section of the conductive wires, the greater the number of wires that can be twisted.

Connecting stranded wires using the groove method is not difficult. This is an easier way to do the job than the “bandage”. In this connection, it is not necessary to use an additional piece of wiring. In this case, a complete connection of wires by twisting is carried out directly by the wires themselves. They are laid in parallel, in series or in a branch.

Before twisting the three wires together, it is necessary to remove the insulation from the ends of the wires and use a hand tool to twist them. It is permissible to use the “groove” and “bandage” methods, as well as a simple branch.

The maximum number of wires in a twist using the latter method depends on the diameter of the conductor. Even with the smallest diameter of the cores, their number should not be more than six. Novice electricians are wondering: “how to make a twist of 4 wires?”

  It is most optimal to perform this action using the “groove” or “simple branch” method.

Twisting of wires according to the PUE

The twisting length of wires according to the PUE ranges from 3 cm to 6 cm, depending on their diameters.

Twisting single-core with stranded is carried out as follows:

1. The ends are prepared at a distance of 4 cm to 8 cm.
2. A multi-core current-carrying core is superimposed on a single-core one and wound up to a length of 4 cm.

Wire Twist Tool

This task requires certain tools. Among the mandatory ones:

Hydraulic manual press KVT “PGR-70”

You will also need a twisting attachment and insulation material. When working with these tools, it is imperative to comply with safety regulations. Certain job skills will be required.

Although in some cases it is possible to twist wires protected by insulation by hand, today a wire twister is usually used. It greatly simplifies the work and guarantees high quality results.

A work device such as pneumatic or hydraulic press jaws allows you to terminate conductive wires for further connection.

There are also small devices that allow you to speed up the twisting of the cores. Such a device is inserted into a screwdriver and twists them by rotating them.

Twisting devices

Connection isolation

An important requirement in the connection procedure is their isolation to avoid accidents. Insulating materials include:

• PVC tubes;
• insulating tape;
• heat shrink tubes;
• special twist insulator caps.

Wire insulation methods

Methods of insulating wires directly depend on the material used. They are divided into methods such as planting, reeling and heating. In the first case, the material is placed on the twisted segment. In the second, simple winding is performed using insulating tape. In the third, insulation with a heat-shrinkable tube involves placing it on the current-carrying part and then heating it.

To the question of beginners, “Is it possible to insulate wires with electrical tape?” should be answered unequivocally in the affirmative. This is one of the most common methods. The main requirement is compliance with the shelf life of the material and the absence of visible damage.

Despite the fact that at first glance the procedure for twisting electrically conductive wires seems simple, a responsible approach to the matter is required.

Source: https://domashnysvet.ru/elektroprovodka/delaem-pravilnuyu-skrutku-provodov

How to connect wires of different sections to each other

First, let's define what a distribution box is? This is a hollow device made of polymer, round, rectangular and square in shape with a lid and special cable entries. Used to connect conductors together.

Today, a variety of conductor connections are made. This diversity depends on various factors:

• wire section;
• core material (CU, AL);
• number of conductors;
• operating conditions (temperature, climate).

Knowing all these factors, connections are selected in such a way as to comply with certain electrical and fire safety requirements. In addition, you need to consider in which places such boxes with conductor connections will be used:

• dry rooms;
• wet areas;
• especially raw.

Connecting electrical wires in a junction box

To determine which connection method to choose under certain conditions, you need to refer to the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules). According to paragraph 2.1.21, from PUE -7 of the main document on electrical installation, all end connections of wires and cables must be carried out by means of:

• crimping with sleeves;
• clamps (using a bolt, screw);
• welding;
• adhesions.

Connecting wires using crimping sleeves

Connecting wires using a sleeve followed by crimping is the most reliable method and has good electrical contact.

How to connect wires:

• strip the insulation from electrical wires of a certain length;

• take a sleeve of the appropriate length and diameter;

• insert bare wires into the sleeve;
• crimp (press) the sleeve in two or three places with a special power tool (press pliers);

• Apply insulating material (heat-shrink tubing) to the sleeve.

If you don't have heat shrink tubing, you can use insulating tape.

You must take into account that the sleeves are selected in such a way that the diameter of the twisted wires matches the inner diameter of the sleeve. You should not use a sleeve that is not the right size.

How to connect wires using clamps - nut or bolt type

The most common way to connect wires is with a Walnut clamp. This clamp received this name because of its external resemblance to a nut. They are produced in different sizes for connecting both thin and thick wires.

The inside of the “Nut” consists of two main and one intermediate metal plates. There are 4 screws along the edges of the plates. The plates themselves are placed in an insulated carbolite housing, consisting of two parts.

The design feature of Oreshok is that aluminum and copper wires can be connected into one circuit using an intermediate plate.

A bolted connection is also used to connect wires. For a certain cross-section of wires, the size of the bolt is selected. For example, for a wire cross-section of 1.5 - 4 mm², a bolt with a diameter of 6 mm is suitable, for a cross-section of 6 - 10 mm², a bolt diameter of 8 mm, 16 - 35 mm², a diameter of 10 mm.

To connect aluminum to copper using a bolt, a washer is also used - a gasket.

After carefully compressing the wires using a nut, this connection is isolated.

• low cost;
• good insulation for "Nut"
• It is possible to connect aluminum conductors with copper conductors.

• loosening of the threaded connection in the “Oreshok”;
• plenty of insulation for bolted connections;
• The connection dimensions are suitable for large junction boxes.

Connecting wires using welding

One of the best ways to connect wires in a box is welding. How is this all done?

To begin with, the insulation is removed from the ends of the wires. Then the wires are twisted together. The ends are ready for welding.

Welding of wires is carried out with a special welding machine with a voltage of 12 - 36 V. The welding current is regulated depending on the cross-section and number of wires, from 70 to 120 A and the power of the device is sufficiently 500 - 600 W. The work can also be carried out using an inverter welding machine.

For welding I use special graphite electrodes for aluminum and graphite-copper electrodes for copper. The work is carried out in special glasses to protect the eyes from the electric arc.

One cable of the welding machine with a clamp or pliers is connected to the twist, and the second to the electrode holder (holders). The electrode is brought to the tip of the twist and when touched, contact occurs and an arc appears, with the help of which copper or aluminum wires are melted so that a droplet appears. This is enough to make the most reliable contact.

The only drawback of this connection is that when disconnecting the wires, if necessary, you will have to bite off the tip of the twist (welding site).

Soldering wires with solder

An equally wonderful option for connecting wires and ensuring good contact is using ordinary soldering. To use this method, you will need a little soldering skill using an electric soldering iron.

It is best to take a soldering iron with a power of 80 W or 100 W - this is what you need. With this soldering iron you can quickly heat the place (twist) where you will apply the molten solder.

For soldering, POS-30, POS-40 solder is best suited. For such solder you will need rosin or SKF flux (alcohol-rosin flux), which is applied to the soldering area before heating.

In addition to the material listed above, specialists use a so-called solder tube for soldering, which contains rosin inside. This tube is sold in almost every electrical goods store.

It is highly recommended not to use soldering acid. After soldering, its trace remains on the twist and over time the acid will only corrode the twist, which will lead to dire consequences.

And so, to solder wires you will need inexpensive material and an electric soldering iron. This connection by soldering is a more affordable and simpler method.

Connecting wires with terminals

One way or another, connecting wires using twists will eventually disappear into summer. And their place will be taken by those materials and devices that will meet the requirements of modernity and a more professional approach.

Today, terminals are increasingly being used to connect wires. One of the nice features of the terminals is the quick connection of wires of different metals, which avoids direct contact between metals.

Existing terminal requirements:

• information about permissible voltage;
• information about the cross-section of the core;
• increased heat resistance;
• reliable fixation of the wire core;
• corrosion resistance.

The terminals are: knife, spring and screw.

Knife terminals are mainly used for grounding or grounding. They are convenient because you don’t need a power tool, you can quickly connect and disconnect the contact, which saves time.

Spring terminals have become very popular. Such terminals include products from WAGO. Using WAGO terminals you will receive: simple and quick installation, reliable connection of conductors.

Screw terminals (terminal blocks) are housing cells, each of which contains a metal tube with screws.

Installation work with this type of terminal is not difficult; you just need a screwdriver to tighten or unscrew the screw that presses the exposed wire core inside the tube.

Connecting electrical wires outdoors

What to do if there is such a need to connect wires on the street, in the open air?

Street connections are made in different ways: using a “nut”, bolted connection, twisting. For some time, such connections perform well, but then oxidation of the wire cores, weakening of the bolted connection, and rust occur. The problem begins.

You need to understand that such a connection will be negatively affected by precipitation, summer heat, and frost. To minimize this impact and make a good connection, you first need to prepare a set of materials:

• IP65 junction box;
• sleeves for crimping;
• conductive paste;
• Heat-shrinkable adhesive tube.

Lead the cable or wire into the junction box. Place the sleeves on the bare wires using conductive paste and crimp them.

If you have one aluminum wire and the other copper, then use copper-aluminum sleeves.

Next, take adhesive heat-shrinkable tubes prepared in advance and cut to the required size and put them on the sleeves.

By exposing the tubes to high temperature, we casing the sleeves. To apply high temperature to the tubes, use a gas burner, a blowtorch or a professional electric hair dryer.

After the thermopipes have cooled, carefully place the finished connections in the box and close the box tightly with the lid.

This connection will provide you with high reliability for many, many years.

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/kak-soedinit-provoda-raznogo-sechenija-mezhdu

Connecting wires with different cross-sections

In this article we will talk about how to connect wires to each other in an apartment. The issue of electrical wiring is very relevant, especially for those who decide to do their own repairs. Mostly people are interested in the possibility and technology of connecting wires of different materials and cross-sections to each other. Let's talk about everything in order.

CONTENT:

Is it possible to connect wires by twisting

Very often, especially in old houses, we start removing old wallpaper, unscrewing old sockets, disassembling dilapidated junction boxes and what do we see: a lot of wires twisted together and wrapped in insulation:

I know that many electricians still twist wires this way and consider it the most reliable. However, from a fire safety point of view, no firefighter will approve of electrical connections in an apartment made only by twisting.

The fact is that sometimes you have to connect wires of different sections and different materials, for example, copper and aluminum wires. And it is precisely for such cases that twisting is unacceptable. For example, with the same load on the network, it will act differently on thick and thin wires twisted together, one of which will feel good, and the other will heat up.

How to connect wires of the same material and cross-section

How to connect wires of the same material and cross-section to each other, for example, copper to copper for 2.5 squares? This is the simplest case, and twisting may well be suitable here:

Only instead of regular insulating tape, the store sells caps for twisting:

You need to take the cap and screw it onto the twist:

Is it possible to connect wires of different sections of the same material?

If, for example, you need to connect wires of different cross-sections (they are also suitable for the same cross-section) and the same material (copper or aluminum), then in this case the special connecting blocks presented below are well suited.

They have different numbers of inputs: in the figure, respectively: 2, 4, 6.

That is, this is a “sort of” twist for 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wires.

Moreover, if you need to connect 3 wires to each other, then for this you can use a block that has 4 or 6 inputs:

By reading my blog, you are probably making repairs. this page to your bookmarks . This is where all the useful home improvement stores are located.

The block is simply pressed tightly onto the wires:

You need to understand that after connecting the wires in this way, they can no longer be removed from the block. Therefore, if you have never tried to work with such devices, buy a few of them in a store with a supply and practice at home. They cost pennies.

How to connect copper and aluminum wires

When you need to connect wires made of different materials (copper and aluminum), and even different sections, in this case you will be helped by pads whose inputs are filled with a special paste that prevents oxidation:

The same pads, of course, are suitable for wires of the same cross-section and the same material. As in the previous case, if you have already put wires on them, then they will no longer be removed from the blocks. Therefore, think through all your connections in advance.

Connecting blocks - latches

There are also jumper blocks that will allow you to connect wires together, but if you make a mistake, you can disconnect any of the connected wires. These are the so-called latches:

For latches, you should definitely check with the seller in the store about the possibility of connecting wires of different materials and cross-sections.

One of the options for connecting wires in a chandelier

If you need to connect a chandelier, then one of the options for connecting the wires coming out of the ceiling with the wires coming from the chandelier would be to use blocks in which the wire connection is secured using screws:

For a chandelier, the option of using wago type terminals, especially if the wires coming from the ceiling are short, will not be very good, since, as already mentioned, in this case the wires cannot be removed (for example, you will need to change the chandelier or wash it) and you will have to cut them off. In the case of terminals with a screw connection, it will be enough to simply unscrew the fastening screws and release the wires.

Important Notes on Wiring Connections

Let us note important points regarding electrical wires.

1. All wires twisted together should not dangle somewhere in the air! They must be placed in a junction box.
2. For all wire connections, ensure that the bare ends of the wires are completely hidden in the connection block. That is, try to make the connection so that after this connection it would be impossible to reach the bare end of the wire with your hand.
3. Do not try to remove the wire from terminals that are not intended for this purpose. For example, there are craftsmen who manage to remove wires from wago terminals. But I do not recommend doing this, since such removal is always associated with deformation of the wire. And this is unacceptable, because the load on the network should be experienced by whole wires, and not half-broken ones, which can lead to short circuits.

This is where the article ends. We have studied in detail the issue of how to connect wires in an apartment. Now, when moving the socket from one place to another, you can easily extend the wires by laying them in the wall and making the correct connection.

Source: https://1000eletric.com/soedinenie-provodov-s-raznym-secheniem/

Is it possible to twist wires of different sections? — Metals, equipment, instructions

Today, there are many ways to connect wires in a junction box.

Here are the factors that determine the choice of connector:

1. Core material (copper, steel, aluminum).
2. Working conditions (outdoors, in an apartment, in water, in the ground, in the floor, normal conditions).
3. Number of conductors (two, three, four, etc.).
4. Core cross-section (same, different).

Based on these factors, the most suitable and correct method is selected. First, let's look at the materials that can be used to connect electrical wires in a junction box.

Existing methods

The following connection options are considered the most popular and effective:

• use of terminal blocks;
• installation of spring terminals (wago);
• fixation with PPE (plastic caps);
• crimping with sleeves;
• soldering;
• twist;
• installation of “nuts”;
• use of bolts.

Let's consider the essence, advantages and disadvantages of each method!

Using Terminal Blocks

Terminal blocks are plastic products containing a brass bushing with screws on both sides.

In order to connect two wires to each other using a terminal block, you need to insert one end of the product on each side and tighten them thoroughly with screws (with force). This connection method is most often used in junction boxes, as well as when installing chandeliers, switches and sockets.

Please note that terminal blocks come with different inlet holes, suitable for a specific cross-section of the wire.

Advantages:

• low price of terminal blocks;
• fast and convenient installation of products;
• good quality of fastening;
• You can combine aluminum with copper.

Flaws:

• Very often the terminal blocks are of poor quality, which can lead to breakage of the connector during installation.
• Possibility of combining only two conductors with each other.
• It is not recommended to tighten aluminum and stranded products with terminal blocks. This is due to the high fragility of aluminum and the thinness of the stranded wire: when tightening the screws, the contacts may be damaged.
• When using soldering, reliability will be significantly higher.

Spring terminals

Wago spring terminals appeared on the market relatively recently and have undoubtedly become the most effective and safe connectors.

The difference between Vago terminal blocks and conventional terminal blocks is that a special mechanism is used to connect electrical wires, rather than a screw. This lever-type mechanism allows you to carefully fix the product without damaging it. In order to carry out the vagami fastening yourself, you need to strip the insulation and insert the cores into the hole.

Please note that there are disposable and reusable Vago terminal blocks. The first option involves a one-time connection, and it will no longer be possible to restore it when repairing the electrical wiring: it will be necessary to cut off the cable, repair the problem and install a new terminal block. Wago reusable terminals are more expensive, but with their help you can easily disconnect the contact if necessary.

Wago advantage:

• possibility of combining aluminum and copper conductors;
• the ability to connect several cores at the same time (more than two);
• wago clamps allow you to fix a thin stranded wire without damage;
• terminal blocks are very compact;
• the work does not take much time;
• good quality of fastening;
• The Vago terminal block has a special hole that allows you to control the operation of the electrical network using an indicator screwdriver.

The only drawback is the higher cost of the terminals.

Installation of PPE caps

PPE stands for connecting insulating clips. The products are ordinary plastic caps that have a special spring inside that holds the wires.

Most often, such caps are used to connect cores in junction boxes.

Advantages of using these products:

• low cost of PPE;
• the caps are made of non-flammable material, so spontaneous combustion of the electrical wiring at the twisting point will not occur;
• quick installation;
• The caps have a wide range of color shades. For example, if the wires do not have color markings, using PPE you can mark phase, neutral and ground (using a white, blue and green cap).

Flaws:

• relatively poor quality of insulation and fixation;
• It is impossible to combine aluminum with copper.

Crimping with special sleeves

Crimping with sleeves is one of the most reliable options. Its essence lies in the fact that the bare wires are placed in a special tube - a sleeve, and are compressed with force. After crimping, the sleeve is carefully insulated using heat-shrinkable tube (cambric) or electrical tape.

The conductors can be directed from different sides of the tube or from one side. In the first option, their joint should be located approximately in the middle of the sleeve; in the second case, the cross-section of all cores (total) should not exceed the cross-section of the sleeve.

Advantages:

• high-quality connection and insulation;
• The sleeves are inexpensive.

Flaws:

• The sleeve is disposable (one-piece). If repairs are necessary, the sleeve must be cut off and discarded, and then a new one installed.
• To connect, you need a special tool: a press jaw and a pipe cutter (to shorten the sleeve if necessary). You can also use a special insulation stripping tool that has a compact crimping device.
• You can crimp aluminum and copper wires if you only have a special sleeve, which is not often seen on sale.
• Electrical work will require more time.

Soldering or welding

This method is the highest quality of all. In order to connect two wires to each other in a junction box, you need to carefully strip their ends, twist them and dip them in molten solder. Next, the wires must be immersed in a soldering bath. After this, they must cool down and, ultimately, be insulated using cambric or electrical tape.

We draw your attention to the fact that it is strictly forbidden to cool the solder in cold water, because... in this case, the quality of bonding will noticeably deteriorate (due to the appearance of microcracks).

The advantage of the soldering method is excellent connection quality and reliability.

Flaws:

• the need for a special tool - a soldering iron and, accordingly, the ability to work with it;
• labor intensity of work;
• permanent soldering;
• restrictions in the conditions of use according to the PUE;
• Soldering resistance increases over time, which affects voltage loss and conductivity.

Based on this, it is recommended to avoid soldering and use more modern bonding methods.

It should be noted that there is also the connection of electrical wires by welding. The process is similar, but requires the use of a welding machine instead of a soldering iron, and, consequently, skills in welding.

Stranding and insulation

The old “grandfather’s” method consists of twisting the cores together. The essence of the work is that the conductors are stripped and carefully twisted with pliers, after which the twisted area is insulated.

Advantages:

• simplicity of electrical installation work;
• no material costs.

Flaws:

• poor quality of core fastening;
• The connection of aluminum and copper products is unacceptable.

Most often, twisting wires is used when installing temporary electrical wiring. It is recommended to use cambrics for insulation. According to the PUE, this method of connecting wires in a junction box cannot be used in rooms with high humidity and in a wooden house.

Walnut clamp

“Nut” is a cable clamp that has two special plates and four screws in the corners, as can be seen in the photo below. To connect the wires with a nut, you need to strip the two ends of the wire and fix it in the plate, then put on the carbolite sheath.

Advantages:

• low cost of clamping;
• the process of installing the “nut” does not cause any difficulties;
• you can connect copper and aluminum conductors;
• fairly good insulation.

Flaws:

• it is necessary to periodically tighten all screws;
• The dimensions of the “nut” are not suitable for installation in a junction box or other compact places.

Using a bolt

A simple, but nevertheless effective option for connecting electrical wires to each other is using a bolt. All you need is to have a short bolt, 3 washers and a nut on hand.

A washer is put on the bolt thread, then the stripped core is screwed on, after which another washer is placed - core - washer (as shown in the diagram above). Finally, the bolt is carefully tightened with a nut and insulated.

Advantages:

• simplicity and minimum cost;
• aluminum and copper conductors can be connected.

As for the disadvantages, they are as follows:

• low quality of fixation;
• you need to spend a lot of insulation;
• The dimensions of the bolt will not fit into the junction box.

We’ve sorted out the existing methods of connecting wires in a box, now let’s look at the other important issues on this topic.

What to do if there are several wires?

There are usually no problems when connecting two contacts. But what to do if you need to combine three, four or more at the same time?

In this case, it is recommended to choose the following connection options (from best to worst):

• using wago terminal blocks;
• crimping with sleeves;
• soldering;
• twisting using sizes;
• twisting and wrapping with electrical tape.

We discussed in detail the order of connecting the wires for each method above. We strongly recommend that you use the first option, because... it is one of the most modern and effective. At the same time, the cost of the vag is not too high, and the wiring lasts more than 30 years.

What to do if the wires are of different sections?

To connect cores of different cross-sections in the junction box, it is recommended to use the same Vago terminal blocks, or a cheaper option - ordinary terminal blocks. In this case, you need to carefully tighten the wires with a screw or secure them with a flag, and that’s it, the work is finished.

We draw your attention to the fact that if the wires are made of different materials, then it is necessary to use special blocks with paste inside, which will prevent oxidation of the wires. Such pads include products from Wago.

Also, cores of different sections can be secured by soldering.

Combining stranded and single-core products

Connecting single-core and stranded wires separately has no special features, so you can use any of the methods listed above.

In order to carry out fastening, you must choose one of two options: vago terminals or soldering. It all depends on your preference; we have provided the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/mozhno-li-skruchivat-provoda-raznogo-secheniya/