How to twist reinforcement correctly

How to properly tie foundation reinforcement, necessary tools - Machine

Many people believe that only welding can secure reinforcement in the most rigid way. Everything is true and false : the fact is that the main task pursued when connecting reinforcing bars is not to impart strength to the resulting frame. It is achieved during pouring using a concrete mixture.

• The point of this operation is to fix the metal rods in the desired position and prevent their displacement relative to each other during pouring or subsequent vibration and during operation.
• Welding will cope with this task, but:

• will change the crystalline structure of the metal of the rods at the joints and reduce its strength;
• will create an overly rigid structure, which may break during vibration and subsequent operation precisely because of its rigidity;
• will require special equipment and knowledge;
• will increase the time and cost of construction.

Currently, welding of reinforcement is used exclusively in industrial construction for a limited type of objects that will stand on ground that is not prone to subsidence.

Most home craftsmen prefer knitting.

This connection method is free from all of the above disadvantages, is simple, reliable, and does not require any special knowledge or the use of expensive equipment.

In addition, when tying reinforcement for the foundation, the integrity of the metal is not compromised, and the rods themselves retain limited mobility relative to each other, which allows them to withstand vibration and loads arising during operation without any harm to themselves.

What you need to knit reinforcement

First of all - steel wire. You can use white, galvanized, but regular black will do. There is no need to be afraid that it will collapse due to rust: if the reinforcement is laid correctly, that is, with a fairly large layer of concrete (at least 2 cm), the access of oxygen to the reinforcement elements is completely eliminated, and there will be no corrosion.

The following requirements apply to the knitting wire:

1. Cross-section from 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm (thinner wire will not be able to provide a reliable connection, and working with wire of larger diameter is very difficult).
2. The ability to bend easily and not break when twisted.
3. It is recommended to purchase wire made from low-carbon, baked steel.

As for the length of the sections into which the wire is to be cut, on average it is 20 cm. The exact value of this parameter depends on the method of connecting the reinforcement, its thickness and the experience of the craftsman.

To save money, you can use metal cords from truck tires; for this you will have to burn them.

Sometimes imported tires use plastic cord. This is easy to determine: just make a cut on the inner side facing the rim. If the knife hits the metal, everything is fine.

Those who don’t really like the process of burning tires can buy a coil of wire in the store, as well as the necessary tools.

1. There is a special hook for knitting, which you can buy in a store or make yourself.
2. This method, which is called a double-row knot, is simple because it requires minimal effort. The necessary actions are as follows:

1. The wire is bent in half and the tip of the resulting loop is slightly bent - this is necessary to make it easier to slip it under the reinforcement.
2. The loop is slipped under the rods diagonally, and its end is grabbed with a hook.
3. The free end of the wire is placed under the tip of the hook, the hook is twisted and twists the wire.

You can slightly change the procedure by applying in practice knitting reinforcement using method No. 2:

1. Make a wire loop by bending the wire.
2. Place the wire on the rods and press it with your finger.
3. Place the free ends under the rod diagonally and bend them towards you.
4. Insert the hook into the loop and twist the wire.

Method number 3:

1. The wire loop is inserted under the reinforcement from below.
2. The loop is grabbed by the hook, and the “tail” from the free ends is bent through it at a right angle.
3. You need to twist the hook.

Method number 4:

1. Again, a loop is made from the wire and threaded from below under the reinforcement.
2. The end of the wire loop is caught with a hook.
3. The tail formed from the free ends is bent over the hook and lowered so that another loop is formed.
4. You will need to twist the hook.

The last method is good because at the twisting stage it frees up your left hand, and you can use it to hold the rod. Otherwise, all four methods differ only in whether the free end of the wire is brought to the hook or vice versa, and in what is wrapped around what.

There is no fundamental difference between them: you choose the one that is more convenient, but it is worth remembering some points:

1. It is important to correctly determine the size of the loop that the hook will hook into and not make it too long. Otherwise, to tighten the wire, you will have to rotate the hook 7-8 turns, and the wire may break. The optimal number of revolutions is 3 or 4.
2. When crocheting, you need to lightly tighten the loop, but do not overdo it. Uneven tension of knots in different areas is not dangerous if it does not lead to a change in the position of the rods, but it is desirable that all knots be tightened with equal force. This will be easier to do if you use pieces of wire of the same length and tighten the knots with the same number of turns of the hook.
3. For large volumes of work, experts recommend not cutting the wire, gradually unwinding it, but cutting the entire coil at once using a grinder, then taking several rods (they will all be the same size) and bending them in half. It is easier to work with such blanks.

The remaining ends can be left, bent down or cut off. It is important that after pouring they are covered with a layer of concrete mixture at least 2 cm thick.

Additional tools

Most craftsmen also knit corner reinforcement elements with a double-row knot, although for this there is a special type of knot made with pliers.

There are other knots for tying reinforcement. But they are difficult to implement and are rarely used.

These are the cross and dead knots.

If you have a welding machine at your disposal, you can make your own original tool from a hollow steel tube with a cross-section of 1.2 cm and a drill 20 cm long, which fits freely into the tube. You will also need 2 8 mm bolts, 2 corresponding nuts and a hook made of wire with a cross-section of 6 or 8 mm.

At the end of the tube, 2 holes with a diameter of 8 mm are drilled, nuts are welded to them and bolts are screwed in. The drill is inserted into the tube, after which the bolts are tightened so that their ends fit into the drill flange.

A hook is welded to the end of the drill, and a finished tool is obtained.

Now all that remains is to pull the tube, the drill will begin to rotate and twist the wire.

If you want to fully automate the knitting process, you can use a screwdriver with a hook attached to it. Just be sure to set its speed to minimum. It is not recommended for an inexperienced craftsman to use a drill for this purpose due to its high rotation speed.

There are knitting guns that can reduce human participation to a minimum and reduce the time required to complete the work. The gun is powered by an electric motor, which pulls the wire wound on a bobbin located in the housing.

This is a fairly expensive tool, so its purchase is only advisable if viscous reinforcement is done professionally. Another disadvantage of the gun is the short battery life and the fact that it cannot be used in hard-to-reach places, as well as for tying corner elements.

Other methods of tying reinforcement

When creating a foundation for small objects, composite reinforcement is sometimes used, which can be knitted using plastic clamps.

Among the advantages are the ease of performing the work, their absolute safety, and minimal risk of corrosion. Among the disadvantages, it should be mentioned that walking on reinforcement connected in this way is strictly prohibited. Plastic clamps cannot be used at sub-zero temperatures.

Another way to knit composite reinforcement is with clips made of heavy-duty plastic. The knitting technology is extremely simple: the rod is pressed into the gap of the clip until it clicks. But it is impossible to correct the mistake made and remove an incorrectly installed rod without damaging the clip.

Plastic fasteners are not used for metal fittings.

Safety precautions when tying reinforcement

To minimize the risk of injury, the following simple rules should be followed when working with rebar and tying wire:

1. When cutting rods or wire with a grinder, be sure to wear safety glasses or a mask that will protect your face from sparks and small metal fragments.
2. To avoid damaging your hands, work with the knitting wire only in thick gloves. It is advisable to use clothing that covers the body as much as possible.
3. When moving near the reinforcement frame, do not lean on the bars.
4. Do not walk on or stand on the rods. When working with a large area of ​​reinforcement frame (for example, under a floating foundation of a house), use wooden walkways placed on top of the reinforcement for movement. There should be no foreign objects on the walkways.

Despite its apparent simplicity, this work requires skill, and at first mistakes cannot be avoided. It is better to purchase wire with a reserve and, before starting knitting, practice a little on a piece of reinforcement. The training will take some time, but the experience gained will help you subsequently create an impeccable reinforcement frame.

Source: https://regionvtormet.ru/okrashivanie/kak-pravilno-svyazat-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta-neobhodimye-instrumenty.html

How to properly tie foundation reinforcement, necessary tools

Without high-quality connection of reinforcement elements, it is impossible to create a solid foundation. This type of work will have to be done by anyone who decides to build a house, a fence, or any object that requires a strong foundation with their own hands. It is worth mastering the techniques of how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation. This is an affordable, simple and most reliable way to create a structure from individual metal rods.

Many people believe that only welding can secure reinforcement in the most rigid way. Everything is true and false : the fact is that the main task pursued when connecting reinforcing bars is not to impart strength to the resulting frame. It is achieved during pouring using a concrete mixture.

The point of this operation is to fix the metal rods in the desired position and prevent their displacement relative to each other during pouring or subsequent vibration and during operation.

Welding will cope with this task, but:

• will change the crystalline structure of the metal of the rods at the joints and reduce its strength;
• will create an overly rigid structure, which may break during vibration and subsequent operation precisely because of its rigidity;
• will require special equipment and knowledge;
• will increase the time and cost of construction.

In addition, not all fittings are suitable for this type of work. For example, rods of large diameter (more than 20 mm) cannot be welded at all.

Currently, welding of reinforcement is used exclusively in industrial construction for a limited type of objects that will stand on ground that is not prone to subsidence. Most home craftsmen prefer knitting. This connection method is free from all of the above disadvantages, is simple, reliable, and does not require any special knowledge or the use of expensive equipment.

In addition, when tying reinforcement for the foundation, the integrity of the metal is not compromised, and the rods themselves retain limited mobility relative to each other, which allows them to withstand vibration and loads arising during operation without any harm to themselves.

Knitting reinforcement

Everyone who builds a monolithic foundation with their own hands faces the task of tying the reinforcement before laying the concrete. Let's take a closer look at the working techniques and devices with which you can tie the reinforcement.

It is known that reinforcement can be connected by welding. But this process is not very fast, and besides, when it comes to DIY construction, it must be said that the vast majority of home craftsmen are not welders. And they don’t have welding equipment at home.

Therefore, there are two options for the developer - either invite a qualified welder to fasten the reinforcement, or knit the reinforcement with metal wire yourself.

Composite reinforcement can be used

If we are talking about the construction of a foundation, then it is possible to use non-metallic composite reinforcement made of fiberglass and basalt fiber.

According to its characteristics, such reinforcement is well suited for house foundations. In addition, with it “life will immediately become easier,” because the labor intensity associated with the heaviness and rigidity of the metal will disappear. And a non-corrosive composite rod will last longer in a water-logged environment.

The problem is that it cannot be fixed in a bent state. Corners must be ordered, or metal must be used

Fastening the rods with staples (paper clips)

Nowadays fastening of reinforcement is also possible with the help of ready-to-use special clamping brackets (clips). They are made of elastic steel; during installation, they are simply put on intersecting reinforcement bars, tightening them.

All work is greatly simplified and performed relatively quickly, without significant physical effort.

But they are quite expensive. But by using clamps, you can significantly speed up the process of installing large reinforcement cages.

Wire preparation

Currently, in most cases, to fasten reinforcement with your own hands, special flexible low-carbon steel wire is still used. Its diameter is most often about 1.0 mm, but 0.8 - 1.4 mm can be used.

To knit the reinforcement, pieces of wire about 0.3 meters long are needed. So while working you will have to constantly bite off such pieces, which adds labor intensity and increases the time spent.

To simplify this process proceed as follows. Initially, the wire in the skein is bent so that the required distance is obtained between the places of bends. Then, using a grinder, they simply cut a thick bundle of wire along these bends.

As a result, many pieces of wire for tying reinforcement are ready.

Source: http://stroy-block.com.ua/fundament/77-vyazka-armatury.html

Working with reinforcement

When constructing a frame for a foundation, everyone inevitably faces the question of how to knit reinforcement. This can be done in several ways, each of which has its own disadvantages and advantages.

Working with reinforcement

Steel reinforcement can absolutely easily withstand tensile loads 10 times greater than bare concrete.
how to knit reinforcement correctly before starting construction, so as not to subsequently interrupt the work process for teaching moments.

Welding and process features

Scheme of a slab foundation for a cottage using reinforcement.

Real professionals in their field do not recommend welding the reinforcement, but suggest knitting it. This is justified by the fact that during a welded joint, the composition of the reinforcing rod changes, and not for the better.

Specifically, its strength characteristics change, which means that weak points will appear in your structure, which cannot be allowed when constructing a foundation, because it is the foundation of the entire structure. Much depends on the experience of the welder. how to properly knit reinforcement using welding , and only he can do the work so that the reinforcement frame can withstand the load placed on it.

The disadvantages of such a connection include an increase in the completion time, as well as an increase in the rigidity of the frame, which can lead to disruption of the connections during the process of compacting the concrete mixture, and even during the operation of the building. In addition, you will have to pay for the work of the welder, and this is an additional waste of money.

Knitting reinforcement without any equipment

Scheme for calculating reinforcement for the foundation.

To tie the reinforcement cage, you can use special devices or use a simple manual method, which does not involve anything complicated and, accordingly, is an economical option. Knitting correctly in this way is quite simple and you will need very few materials and tools; you will probably have all this at the construction site.

Tools and materials:

1. Knitting wire.
2. Special hook or pliers.
3. Wire cutting tool.
4. And, of course, the reinforcing bars themselves.

The diameter of the tying wire usually used is from 0.8 to 1.2 mm.

Using a special hook or pliers, you will twist the wire of the reinforcement connections.

In some cases, it is possible to use plastic clamps instead of ordinary wire or metal clips, but these methods, despite the fact that they appeared quite a long time ago, are still not widespread. The sequence of work when manually knitting a reinforcement cage using wire consists of the following steps.

1. Using any suitable wire cutting tool, cut a piece 20cm long.
2. The piece is folded exactly in half, without a rigid bend, this can lead to breakage of the wire piece.
3. The wire folded in half is wrapped diagonally around the joint of the reinforcing bars.
4. If you are using a special hook, then insert it into the loop; if you use pliers, grab the loop.
5. The free ends of the wire should now be attached to the loop.
6. The hook or pliers are turned clockwise until the fastening seems secure. You have to be careful not to overdo it and break the wire.

Scheme for crocheting reinforcement by hand.

You may have to practice a little, but you will master this skill quickly enough, and making the frame will not take you much time. Real professionals in their field advise making a hook for tying reinforcement yourself, since store-bought ones corrode very quickly and make unpleasant sounds when working.

They do not have a very positive attitude towards such a tool as a semi-automatic screw hook . Surely each of you has encountered rusty stripes appearing on the ceiling or walls in yourself or someone you know; this is the result of working with just such a hook.

When performing some construction work, smooth rather than ribbed reinforcement is used. In this case, the labor intensity of the work will increase significantly, and the best option would be to think about using special auxiliary tools, for example a gun for tying reinforcement.

One broken connection during pouring will not cause much harm; it is important that the structure does not change shape.

Gun for tying reinforcement

rebar tying gun

to knit reinforcement with a gun only on horizontal surfaces, in cases where there are no hard-to-reach places. The advantage of this device is the high speed of work performed.

But, on the other hand, it is inconvenient for them to knit in hard-to-reach places, and the wire consumption increases significantly, and the batteries of such guns discharge quite quickly.

To speed up the process of knitting reinforcement, you can use both options, tie the rods manually in difficult places, and use a gun in the rest. Moreover, you will need a gun, as mentioned earlier, when knitting a frame for a foundation made of smooth reinforcement.

Important details and some characteristics

Plastic bosses, or in other words, clamps, must be placed between the formwork and the reinforcement, this is necessary to create a protective layer. In their absence, the reinforcement will touch the formwork and will then stick out from the concrete; accordingly, it will begin to rust, lose strength and reduce the reliability of the entire structure.

There are many ways in which reinforcing bars (reinforcement) can be tied, but in practice there are usually only two used: one loop used for an overlap connection, and two loops used for a butt connection. Professional builders even knit one loop for corner elements, as it ensures proper reliability and strength. Of course, you can experiment, or you can trust the many years of experience of other builders.

Proper tying of reinforcement is actually simple; by trusting and following methods that have been proven over the years, you will surely cope with this important stage of construction.

Source: https://stroy-bloks.ru/kak-pravilno-vyazat-armaturu/

How to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation

When building a house, at the stage of pouring the foundation, there comes a moment called reinforcement. To implement it, you need to be able to knit reinforcement. It is possible to order a ready-made structure, but such a foundation will be 10% more expensive.

It’s easier to learn how to knit reinforcement yourself than to overpay extra money, but to do this you need to know how to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation. But at this stage many questions always arise, the answers to which will be given in this article.

Why it is not recommended to weld reinforcement

The initial stage of laying reinforcement can begin with welding the elements, but only by tack welding using a low current. This will speed up the process of creating an armored belt, but then with all the joints the reinforcement under the strip foundation must be knitted mechanically or manually.

Important! Complete welding of the armored belt is prohibited, since the resulting seams will be very fragile and more susceptible to corrosion.

For example, metal that has class A3 cannot be welded at all, since it has stiffeners inside that can easily be damaged, thereby reducing the load-bearing capacity of the base.

Welding may not save much on materials and time, but the quality characteristics of the foundation will be compromised, which should never be allowed to happen.

Reinforcement tying options

The tying of the reinforcement helps the elements move relative to each other, that is, it does not aim at a completely rigid structure. Knitting should be done only according to technology, since an incorrectly carried out process will lead to the fact that during pouring concrete the rods may separate and it will be quite difficult to repair such an area.

At the moment, several methods are known that show how to knit reinforcement for strip foundations and other foundations:

Using power tools. This knitting process is done using a knitting machine. They help get the job done with the greatest comfort and quality. To do this, you need to buy a special gun for tying an armored belt and wire with a cross-section from 0.8 to 1 mm.
One joint of reinforcement can be connected in 2 minutes. Since the gun has a battery, its charge is enough for 450 joints, depending on the power. The battery can be fully charged in 30 minutes.

The use of such guns greatly speeds up the work time for tying reinforcement, and also helps make this process enjoyable. The unit can often be simply rented rather than purchased. Since it is quite possible to knit rods with a cross-section of up to 19 mm using a knitting machine, making a strip foundation yourself will not cause any difficulties.

Hand crochet for reinforcement. This method is manual. A crochet hook can be purchased at a specialty store along with binding material, or it can be made by hand. Some of the more daring craftsmen speed up this process by inserting a crochet hook into a screwdriver, thereby achieving the quality of a crochet gun.

Using plastic band clamps. This method is suitable for those who are building a small structure with small volumes of work.

Using plastic or steel clamps and brackets.

What is the principle of tying reinforcement?

After the preparation work for pouring the foundation is completed, it is time to tie the armored belt. To create a high-quality structure, the knitting must comply with building codes:

• The pitch of the frame is determined depending on the load that will come from the building.
• Reinforcement rods are laid out at a distance of 20 to 40 cm.
• For transverse reinforcement, the step is equal to half the height of the formwork, but not more than 30 cm.
• The armored belt is mounted on a 5 cm layer of bricks.
• The frame must be buried 5 cm relative to the top of the foundation.
• The optimal wire for knitting has a cross-section from 8 to 14 mm.
• The reinforcement rod for the armored belt must be at least 60 cm long.
• The rods, which require bending as a result of tying, are buried into the wall by at least 4 cm.
• The corners of the frame do not require as frequent knitting as the straight parts.
• The rods located in the corners are fixed in two planes.

Reinforcement knitting technologies

In order to know how to tie reinforcement for a strip foundation in one way or another, you need to know exactly the technical characteristics of the house, its purpose and dimensions, as well as what types of binding are used for the corresponding foundation. There are several types of installation of armored belts:

• Hand knitted. The process begins by unwinding the wire and bending it in half. Next, the prepared piece of wire is wound around the finger, approximately one-third of the loop. Next, you need to insert a hook into it after the reinforcing rod is placed on the frame. When the hook rotates, the tying wire is grabbed from the reverse side and pulled towards itself. After all the manipulations, the hook must be removed from the loop, and the free ends must be trimmed if they are too long. Usually, for greater reliability, twisting is repeated in the same place about 5 times, otherwise the ligament may separate.
• Short twist. The wire is also bent in half, with the ends pressed against the frame. After this, the hook is inserted and a rotation is made, the remaining ends are trimmed. The twists should be as short as possible. During the twisting process, you need to make 4 turns, in order for this to work, you need to bend the wire.
• Pickup from below. The process of this option is very simple: the wire, as before, is bent twice, the hook is wound from below and grabs the loop. The remaining wire is formed into a loop and twisted. Thus, without much difficulty, a high-quality reinforcement frame is obtained with a minimum of effort.
• With one hand. This option is the simplest for tying reinforcement, which you can do yourself. The loop is prepared in the same way as in previous cases. A hook is threaded through it and the other end of the wire is grabbed. In parallel with this action, a deflection should be performed, which will help pick up the wire. The end of the wire is pulled towards itself and twisted about two to three times. Thus, it turns out that all actions are performed with only one hand. Using this option, you can produce reinforcing tape in the shortest possible time.

In addition to the presented types of reinforcement tying, there are two more that are well suited for tying reinforcement for strip foundations:

• Flat - represents the fixation of reinforcing bars in one plane, which is horizontal.
• Spatial - used specifically for tying an armored belt for a strip foundation. The result is a spatial grid that can withstand significant loads.

Knitting reinforcement for strip foundations

Many mistakes are made at this stage, so first you should familiarize yourself with them so as not to repeat them in the future:

• Straight rods in the corners are connected by overlap.
• The frame stands on vertical rods.
• A cross-section of the base shows that the presence of reinforcement there is less than 0.1%.
• There is no side protective layer, and the rods sometimes come into contact with the formwork.

To properly reinforce a strip foundation, you need to take into account all the features of such a foundation:

If a shallow type of foundation is installed, then the reinforcement cage can be connected directly inside the formwork.

A buried foundation requires tying together a reinforcement belt before installing the formwork.

The frames can also be made on site, but after they are laid in the formwork, additional reinforcement is needed with anchors in the corners.

The lower protective layer for the reinforcement cage can be made using a plastic stand.

To build up longitudinal rods, you need to provide an overlap of 20 to 25 cm.

The minimum percentage of reinforcement content in the foundation section is 0.1%.

Conclusion

Making a reinforced frame is a complex process at first glance, but once you have acquired theoretical skills, it is much easier to apply them in practice. Some types of foundations do not require tying with reinforcement, for example, pile foundations, where timber tying is often used. Tying reinforcement for a strip foundation can be done independently, without the help of professionals. After reading this article, all questions on this topic will go away by themselves.

Source: http://obrawa.ru/vyazka-armatury-pod-lentochnyj-fundament/

Why do they knit reinforcement for the foundation?

A high-quality mesh of reinforcement allows you to maintain a certain geometric shape of the foundation when pouring concrete. Cooking it is not recommended due to disturbances in iron crystals. Regardless of how large-scale the building you are constructing, reinforcement for the foundation is an integral element. Now there are many ways to knit reinforcement for the foundation. You can do this yourself.

During construction, due attention must be paid to the foundation. A reliable foundation can withstand the enormous weight of the future building, so it needs to be reinforced with reinforcement. The strip foundation is laid along the perimeter of the building. Such a base can be chosen for any type of structure.

Strip foundation when building a house

There are four main types of foundation masonry (base, base):

• trapezoidal;
• pillow;
• stepped;
• rectangular.

The best option is a trapezoidal shape, as it better withstands the enormous load on the base. It is necessary to accurately calculate the inclination of the side face to the vertical. For a foundation made of stone or brick, it should be no more than 30°. If the base is concrete, then the angle should not exceed 45°.

What kind of reinforcement is used to knit the frame?

There are two main types of reinforcement - metal and composite. Diameter is the main indicator that determines its brand. The thicker the rods, the greater the load they can withstand. The diameter is calculated at the design stage, taking into account the mass of the future building, as well as the heaving of the soil.

When constructing a building made of concrete or brick, which is massive, the use of thick rods is required. They can handle the enormous weight of the structure. When laying the foundation, it is prohibited to use rods with a diameter of less than 12 mm - they will not withstand such a load. When building small houses and garages from gas, foam and heat blocks, you can use less thick reinforcement; rods with a diameter of 12 mm are sufficient.

Metal reinforcement for the foundation

When constructing massive structures, class A-3 is used. Rods of this brand can bend up to 90°. Much less commonly, class A-2 is used for laying foundations. When cold they can bend up to 180°.

Metal fittings

The most common type of pipe used when laying a foundation is metal reinforcement. Rods of different cross-sectional diameters are available for sale - from 12 to 40 mm. They are widely used in construction, in particular, for laying foundations for large, heavy buildings.

The cost of a product directly depends on its characteristics, namely:

• rental method,
• steel grades,
• surfaces (corrugated or smooth).

Rods with a corrugated surface have a higher price. This type has stiffening ribs, which allows the products to better adhere to concrete.

Metal fittings

Composite reinforcement refers to non-metallic rods made of different materials used in construction. For more effective adhesion to concrete, the surface of the rods is made rough or covered with sand.

The most common types of composite reinforcement:

• carbon fiber;
• basalt plastic (BBP);
• fiberglass (FRP).

Accordingly, reinforcement is produced from materials: carbon fiber is used in the production of carbon fiber reinforcement, basalt fiber is used for the production of ABP, and glass is used for ASP. They have many advantages: corrosion resistance, high specific strength, and environmental friendliness.

Schemes for distribution of reinforcement in the structure of a strip foundation frame

The optimal scheme is considered to be one in which the cross-section of the reinforcement in a strip foundation will be a rectangle. Two forces act on the base at once: the first is heaving during frost, the second is the pressure of the house. What kind of reinforcement is used for a strip foundation to compensate for these two forces?

Composite reinforcement

The material does not play a major role here. To compensate for the influence of these two forces, two reinforcement belts are installed. The first is located at the top, the second at the bottom. If the foundation is laid shallow (up to 1 meter), then this is quite enough. For a foundation that is laid deeper, a third reinforcement belt is required. High altitudes require reinforcement.

Four main patterns of tying reinforcement for strip foundations are used. Regardless of the chosen method, first of all you need to make a hook from wire, the diameter of which should be 3-4 mm. You can knit the reinforcement with wire yourself.

Wire for tying reinforcement cage

The most reliable way to knit a reinforcement cage is using wire. A less successful alternative is the use of a welding machine. The tying of the base reinforcement frame can be carried out using ordinary metal wire or wire processed by firing. The second option is preferable - thermally hardened wire becomes more flexible and durable.

Wire for tying reinforcement cage

Calculator for calculating the amount of wire for tying the reinforcement cage of a strip foundation

It is not enough to know how to knit reinforcement correctly; you also need to carry out calculations. To do this, it is necessary to take into account the following indicators:

• indentations between clamps;
• number of longitudinal reinforcement rods;
• base length;
• double sealing of corners.

A modern calculator, which you can use online, will allow you not only to determine the amount of wire for tying the frame under the foundation, but also calculate the approximate number of joints.

A reliable frame is an important element of the foundation and the building as a whole. To strengthen it, you need to use certain tools. Depending on the choice of method - manual or automatic, special devices are selected and used.

Such tools include:

• manual or semi-automatic hook;
• automatic pistol.

Hand hook for wire tying

Using these tools, you can tie reinforcement under a strip foundation. An automatic pistol is used in professional construction, as its cost is quite high. For the construction of one building, the purchase of this device is considered inappropriate. For independent work, a regular hook for tying reinforcement is suitable.

Techniques for tying reinforcement

At the moment there are four main techniques. The most convenient and fastest way is to take the wire, fold it in half and pass it under a certain area of ​​the frame. Armed with a hook, thread the wire into the loop, pull up its free end and throw it over the hook, while bending the wire slightly. We twist the ends, after several turns (3-5) we stop the manipulation, removing the hook.

The next technique is similar to the previous knitting method. The main difference is the formation of an O-shaped loop. After the wire is twisted securely, the hook is removed.

Algorithm for the third pattern of tying reinforcement for a strip foundation:

• we put the wire under the rods;
• insert the hook into the loop and pry up the end of the wire;
• bend it back and pull it towards you;
• scroll several times.

Techniques for tying reinforcement

According to experts, this is the most convenient technique for beginners.

There is another way to knit reinforcement for the foundation. As usual, you need to fold the wire in half and place it under the rods. After this, press it against the rod and bend the ends towards you. Insert the hook and make a few turns.

Using additional parts for spatial fixation of reinforcement

When knitting the frame, it is necessary to use additional elements. These include “frogs”, U- and L-shaped elements, clamps, and fasteners. They allow you to fix the reinforcement and its corners.

It is worth saying a few words about clamps. These are bent products in the shape of a rectangle. They are made from rods with a smooth or grooved surface. Clamps are used to distribute the load.

Knitting fiberglass reinforcement

To tie fiberglass reinforcement, wire or special plastic clamps are used. The first method is no different from knitting a standard (metal) frame. Clamps are an excellent choice for those who are new to tying reinforcement. The cost of the products is not much higher than ordinary wire. A hook or gun is also used for reinforcement.

Knitting fiberglass reinforcement

Recommendations

How to reinforce aerated concrete masonry to prevent cracks from appearing? To do this, it is necessary to correctly select the density and strength of the reinforcement. Also, the reinforcement process itself must be carried out in compliance with all requirements.

Reinforcement of brick walls is divided into three types:

• Longitudinal.
• Transverse.
• Vertical.

Proper reinforcement of walls and corners will allow you to strengthen your structure as much as possible.

The grillage reinforcement is carried out strictly according to the design. Despite the fact that it is similar to a strip foundation, the laying technology is significantly different.

Fiberglass reinforcement is quite strong, lightweight, and practically does not corrode. However, it has significant disadvantages, including low elasticity and heat resistance, a decrease in strength over time, and instability to alkalis.

Many people ask the question: is a mesh needed for floor screed? Yes, I need it. It allows you to make the floor smooth and more durable.

Coupled rebar connection is another type you may encounter. This is a separate method of connecting rods. It can be crimped or threaded. This connection allows you to withstand loads on the base.

Source: https://pobetony.expert/armirovanie/vyazat-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta

What is better: welding or knitting reinforcement

In construction, reinforcement is a set of some elements connected to each other. It is used together with concrete in various reinforced concrete structures. The main purpose of reinforcement is to strengthen concrete in a compressed zone, as well as to overcome tensile stresses that arise during the operation of a structure.

Why knit reinforcement? For example, for the foundation. After all, the foundation is the basis of the entire structure, and its proper organization is the key to the durability of the entire structure. But why tie and not weld? This is what we will have to figure out.

The reinforcement in the foundation is very important as it gives strength and stability to the building. In construction, the most common type of foundation is a strip foundation. It is strong enough that even a novice builder can handle it. In the case of organizing other types of foundations, the process of connecting parts of the reinforcement will be practically no different.

When it is necessary to reinforce a building structure using a mesh or frame, and the reinforcement diameter does not exceed thirty-two millimeters, then one of three methods can be used to connect parts of the reinforcement. The connection can be made by welding, knitting or overlapping.

The most interesting thing is that the twenty-first century is already outside the window, construction technologies are developing at an amazing pace, and manual welding has been and remains the main and dominant type of reinforcement connection. However, this connection method has a number of serious problems. The first difficulty that the builder will face is the high complexity of the process.

If you need to build a building of sufficiently large size, then it will be extremely difficult to do without a huge number of welders. The second thing to note is that welding contributes to reducing the strength of the reinforcement. After all, the finished rod is hardened, and welding, due to the high temperature, will weaken it. If the diameter of the reinforcement exceeds twenty millimeters, then this type of welding is strictly not recommended.

Another disadvantage of manual welding is that it increases the rigidity of the structure. And this may have a detrimental effect on its integrity in the future during operation. There may even be cracks. Experienced builders are increasingly abandoning this method in favor of the more efficient wire binding.

Tying reinforcement is somewhat of an innovation in the construction world. It gained wide popularity along with the now fashionable construction of cottages. The knitting is devoid of all those disadvantages that are inherent in welding reinforcement.

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation is most often done manually using special hooks and simple pliers. The knitting material is wire with a diameter of less than twelve millimeters.

However, more and more often special guns are used for knitting, which automate the process.

So, first you need to decide on the quantity and weight of the reinforcement. necessary for construction. Then buy reinforcement and start knitting.

Weld or knit reinforcement for the foundation

Today I propose to talk a little about construction, namely about the foundation. NOT long ago, my friend decided to build a wooden house . And as you know, the first thing you need to do is make the foundation.

He decided not to do it on screw piles, there are a lot of reasons for this, not about that now, but he decided to pour a strip foundation, they put reinforcement in it (a special frame) which increases the strength of the structure.

BUT the following question arose #8212; Does this reinforcement frame need to be welded, or can it just be tied with wire? What is more correct and what SNIP says, I suggest you think about it today

Personally, I remember in my youth that the frame for the foundation was welded from thick reinforcement; this was done during the construction of my parents’ house. My father was a builder. BUT he held a high position with me and therefore there were no special problems to weld at his construction site and then bring it to the desired site by truck. What is not available to the average ordinary builder who does everything with his own hands. So should I knit or cook? I propose to talk in detail about each method.

Cook reinforcement

Source: https://armaturasila.ru/vjazka-armatury/chto-luchshe-svarka-ili-vjazka-armatury.html

Let's look at how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation

Let's look at the main types of reinforcement connections for strip foundations. Materials and tools used. Detailed instructions are given for tying reinforcement, allowing you to do the work yourself.

When building houses and buildings, important structural elements are structures made of monolithic reinforced concrete, such as foundations, columns, crossbars, and floor slabs. In all these building structures, the main element that carries the load, in addition to concrete, is a reinforcement frame made of reinforcing bars connected to each other using knitting. Let's look at how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation.

Types of reinforcement connections in foundations

Reinforcement in building structures is almost always made in the form of frames - flat or spatial. Depending on the purpose and size of reinforced concrete elements, two main types of connections are used:

• connecting rods by welding;
• connection using hand knitting wire.

Welding of reinforcement frames is used in large structures such as multi-story buildings and various industrial facilities, since with a very large volume of work, manual knitting will be ineffective. It is difficult to imagine that during the construction of a hydroelectric power station it would occur to anyone to knit reinforcement by hand with wire.

However, when building a private house, hand-knitting of reinforcement using wire is often used. It is worth saying that there is no clear distinction indicating the use of one or another type of tying reinforcement for a strip foundation.

And in the construction of private houses, welding is sometimes justifiably used. In this case, there is one important rule: you can weld fittings whose brand designation includes the letter “C”, i.e. designed for connection by welding. In other cases, it is knitted using wire.

The advantages of connecting reinforcement using wire knitting can be noted as follows:

• the structure of the metal is not damaged;
• no welding machine or welder required;
• The work can be done by anyone with basic tools and tying wire;

However, in addition to the positive aspects, there are also disadvantages:

• high labor intensity - especially noticeable with large structures;
• low rigidity of spatial frames - especially noticeable with high foundations.

It is worth saying that there is another type of connecting rods - this is resistance welding, it is used in specialized reinforcement shops. The productivity of this type of welding is high and in this way meshes of various sizes and rod diameters are welded.

Materials, tools used to connect reinforcement

For example, consider the question of how to reinforce the foundation. For tying reinforcement under a strip foundation, tying wire with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm is used. It is not recommended to use thicker wire due to its significant rigidity. The wire must be well annealed and soft enough. Before reinforcing the foundation, it is cut to a length of 220-250 mm. This can be done with a grinder, cutting the bay into several parts.

The tool for knitting with wire is quite simple and can be either homemade or factory-made. To complete the work you will need one of the following:

• homemade hooks - made of wire or electrode;
• factory-made crochet hooks with a rotating handle;
• gun for tying reinforcement – ​​a professional tool;
• welding machine and electrodes for connecting reinforcement by welding.

Homemade hooks and factory-made hooks are the most common tool that any non-professional can easily learn to use.

Technology of work on tying reinforcement in foundations

When building private houses, the first work that builders face is reinforcing the foundation. To install it, it is necessary to make a reinforced spatial frame. Let's look at how to properly reinforce a foundation and how to properly knit reinforcement for a foundation. Typically, in this case, periodic profile reinforcement with a diameter of 8 to 14 mm is used.

Such a frame most often consists of two flat ones - upper and lower, connected to each other by connecting fittings. To simplify the task as much as possible, flat frames are knitted using templates on a table or on special goats. Wooden panels are laid on the trestles along the length of our frame, and then two or three longitudinal rods, which represent working reinforcement. This is done according to the foundation reinforcement diagram.

Then the transverse distribution is laid out, with the pitch indicated in the diagram - usually 200 mm.

And all the frame nodes are knitted. To do this, take a 250 mm long knitting wire, bend it in half and insert it from below under the cross-shaped intersection of the reinforcement. a loop and two ends of the wire are brought out. The crochet hook is threaded through the loop, and the two ends are inserted inside the hook on both sides.

By rotating the hook clockwise, you can get a fairly strong connection. In this case, a hook with a rotating handle is very convenient. After several trial training connections, a certain amount of experience and speed will appear, which will be very useful for a fairly large amount of work.

Of course, all such work is much easier to perform not in a trench, but on a workbench prepared for this. After manufacturing all the flat frames, they are assembled using connecting reinforcement and tying its ends on the upper and lower frames. After completing the assembly of the frames, they are lowered into the trench and the formwork is installed.

Thus, we have considered a sequential work plan on how to knit reinforcement for the foundation. It can also serve as an answer to the question of how to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation.

A word of caution. There are specialists who, instead of wire for tying reinforcement cages for the foundation, try to use plastic ties used in the installation of electrical wiring. However, this should not be done, since during the process of pouring the foundation with concrete, large loads occur on the reinforcement frame for the foundation, and these screeds may not be able to withstand it and a rupture will occur, which is unacceptable.

Source: https://strouy.ru/fundament/vyazat-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta.html

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation

Foundation reinforcement cage

Monolithic foundations are obtained by pouring concrete into a reinforcing frame. It strengthens the created structure. In this case, you can either knit the reinforcement for the foundation or secure it by welding.

An important factor influencing the quality of the result is the choice of rods of the required thickness, the use of suitable clamps, and wire of the required diameter. The linking process is carried out using various tools.

During its implementation, it is necessary to comply with building codes and requirements, as well as work technology. Then the building being erected will be reliable and durable.

Types of foundation reinforcement

The production of building materials does not stand still. New materials appear all the time. The fittings were no exception. In addition to ordinary metal, composite ones are becoming widespread in the construction of foundations.

When using steel reinforcement, it is required that it be manufactured in accordance with building codes and requirements. For residential buildings, for example, this is GOST-5781-82. It specifies the parameters of rods for different designs.

According to GOST, fittings are divided into 6 classes. To produce the first, low-carbon steel is used, and in the following, additives are added, even alloying ones, which significantly increase the strength of the metal.

Rods from the 2nd to the 6th class have a corrugated surface of the crescent or ring type, or mixed, and the first - smooth. The relief improves the contact of the reinforcement with the concrete.

The classes differ in the diameter of the rods and the possibility of using welding to connect them. The possibility of the latter is indicated by the presence of the letter C in the marking. Other types of reinforcing material that do not contain such a letter index are prohibited from welding.

Correspondence in diameter of metal and composite reinforcement

Increased anti-corrosion properties are indicated by the presence of the letter K. This more expensive material is used for the construction of facilities that are subject to increased requirements.

For a strip base in private construction, class A-III rods with a diameter of 12-18 mm are considered the best option. In this case, smooth rods A-I with a thickness of 6-8 mm, depending on the parameters of the structure being built, are suitable for the lintels.

Composite reinforcing bars are a new, modern material made from carbon fiber or basalt plastic, or fiberglass. These products are most often made from the latter.

Composite materials are lighter in weight compared to metal and are easier to install.

The types of reinforcement considered have their advantages and disadvantages. Comparative characteristics of the materials are given in the table below.

IndicatorFiberglass rodsMetal reinforcement

weight	lighter, about 8 times	heavier
tensile strength, MPa	1000	390
chemical activity	inert material	without additives or special coating, susceptible to corrosion
electrical conductivity	does not conduct current	is a conductor

For the construction of heavy structures, it is recommended to use a foundation reinforced with metal rods, while light structures can be placed on foundations with a fiberglass frame. There are still no technical standards for composite materials, and their quality is not regulated in any way.

Methods for connecting rods

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation is carried out in different ways. The main options for assembling metal frames are as follows:

• use of welding;
• wire bundle;
• connection using steel couplings.

Composite reinforcement can be tied with wire or secured with plastic clamps.

Welding a reinforcing structure is an effective method, often used in the construction of foundations for multi-story buildings or heavy structures. Its use has the following disadvantages:

• the need to attract a specialist - a professional welder;
• weakening of the structure at welding points;
• the method cannot be used to connect fiberglass rods and metal rods that do not have special markings;
• when compacting concrete using a vibrator, welded joints may be damaged;
• Poor quality welding is possible;
• joints are the most vulnerable frame elements to corrosion.

Welding reinforcement cage

Knitting rods with wire has the following advantages:

• higher speed of structure installation compared to welding;
• you can connect the frame elements quite easily even after installing the formwork;
• when compared with welding, the cost of the work is less;
• ease of troubleshooting.

The downside is that the final structure is too shaky, which is most typical for a fiberglass structure.

During the construction of small buildings, rods are most often welded to each other or connected with wire. The latter option in such cases is cheaper and more practical.

Wire selection

Before properly knitting reinforcement for the foundation, you need to select the appropriate wire. The speed of work, the consumption of money, and the reliability of the final design will depend on this.

The technical parameters of wire for tying reinforcing bars under the foundation are regulated by GOST No. 3282-74. It is made of low-carbon steel and can be additionally coated with a protective layer. Product color – steel or black.

Based on the processing method, the wire is divided into the following types:

• annealed;
• untreated thermally.

Temperature treatment carried out according to the technology improves the ductility of the material without compromising its strength.

There are two varieties of it in terms of manufacturing accuracy:

• ordinary products;
• high precision products.

Wires are classified according to their tensile strength:

• 1st group;
• 2nd;
• untreated by temperature.

Products are produced with a cross-section from 0.16 mm to 10 mm. Deviations of 0.02 mm are allowed.

The wire should be selected according to the cross-section of the reinforcement from which the frame of the foundation slab or strip will be created. In this regard, the requirements are as follows:

• if metal rods with a diameter of up to 12 mm are used, then the ∅ of the wire should be 1.2 mm;
• when making a bundle of reinforcement with a thickness of 16 mm to 18 mm, then products with d = 1.6 mm are chosen for the connection;
• for rods with a large diameter, use a wire with d=2 mm or two, but with d=1.2 mm.

Finished knitting wire

Knitting material is sold in coils. The market also offers ready-made wire, cut into pieces 8-18 cm long, with loops at the ends. It is distributed in bundles, approximately 1000 pieces each.

When choosing what to knit a reinforcement cage with, you should give preference to a material that is subject to heat treatment, which is more convenient to use. You can also calcinate the wire yourself. Tying with ready-made pieces with loops will speed up the whole process.

Tools used for tying

In practice, various techniques are used on how to knit reinforcement to the foundation. They require the use of various tools. The reinforcement is tied using the following devices:

• factory or homemade hook;
• steel rod;
• a screwdriver with an inserted attachment bent to the shape of a hook;
• knitting gun and pliers;
• pliers (pliers).

Knitting pliers

A crochet hook is a universal tool that, thanks to its small size, allows you to knit wire in hard-to-reach places. The disadvantages of working with it are:

• the need to acquire skill in handling this device;
• labor intensive manual process.

Hooks can be made with your own hands or purchased in a store. You can also buy a factory semi-automatic version of the tool for work, which will speed up the entire process of knitting wire up to 2 mm thick.

You can make a hook yourself, for example, from a piece of reinforcement or a nail, bending and sharpening them to resemble a store-bought analogue, and then attaching a handle. The latter is made from tubes, wood, and cast from plastic.

A factory-made instrument has a different appearance. It is better to choose it “to hand”.

An ordinary piece of steel rod with a diameter of up to 0.5 cm can, if necessary, replace a hook. But it will not be as convenient as the last one.

To speed up the binding of the reinforcement, a screwdriver is fitted with an attachment made from a slate nail, bending it to the shape of a hook. This option allows you to adjust the tightening. But the tool is not accessible everywhere due to its size.

The use of a knitting gun increases productivity by approximately 3-4 times. It is advisable to use it when there is a large volume of work, because this tool is expensive.

The disadvantages of using a knitting gun are as follows:

• bulkiness;
• the need to use special consumables.

Using pliers (pliers), simply twist the wire, tightening it to the maximum so that it does not break.

It is quite convenient to work with knitting pliers. There is no need to pre-cut the wire. Using a tool allows you to speed up the process. Knitting pliers do not cut the wire, but hold it.

A hook is the most affordable and practical device, especially suitable for small amounts of work. When building a utility room, bathhouse, or small house, you can use pliers. If you need to tie reinforcement on a large construction scale, it is better to use a gun.

Knitting methods

Schemes for connecting reinforcement with wire

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation with your own hands can be done in different ways. The schemes are not particularly distinguished by the economical use of wire or tightening force.

The simplest and most common way to tie rods is considered to be the following sequence of actions:

• cut a piece of the wire to the required length;
• bend it in half;
• they make a kind of hook out of wire, bending it not completely;
• the workpiece is brought under the junction of the rods;
• hook a loop;
• make a revolution once, holding the unused end;
• twist the wire by pulling it with a hook.

The considered method allows you to knit not only with crochet, but also with a screwdriver with an attachment.

It is recommended to choose a personally convenient option for knitting metal rods with wire. Composite reinforcement can be connected much more easily by securing it with snap clamps. They may have a steel cable inside, which increases the strength of the connection.

How to knit reinforcement correctly is shown in the following videos.

When constructing the foundation for buildings, metal or composite reinforcement is used. The latter is used mainly if light buildings are being erected.

But it is faster and easier to assemble a frame from it than from steel rods. The material itself is cheaper. Among the tying schemes common in practice, you need to select the “hand by hand” method.

It is better to use the tool taking into account the volume of work: for small objects a hook or pliers are suitable, and for a large construction site you will need a knitting gun or pliers.

Source: https://KakFundament.ru/armirovanie/kak-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta