How to solder with tin correctly

Tin with rosin for soldering

In many situations, soldering requires great skill. Combining the functions of solders and flux mixtures in one product greatly simplifies the work.

There are several types of such products, each of which has its own characteristics - these are paste mixtures, ready-made solder with rosin, made in the form of wire, and tubular solder with flux. The choice is determined by the soldering mode, the nature of the part, and the requirements for the seam joint.

Wire with rosin

Combining two consumables in one product significantly simplifies the procedure and improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the work. If rosin as a flux is added separately, there is a high probability of adding an excess amount.

In the finished wire with flux, the ratio is fixed, stipulated by GOST.

Most often, products are supplied in a coil or coil. The version with wire packaging in coils is intended for continuous operation on an industrial scale. The assortment includes products of a wide variety of thicknesses.

Products in the form of coils are used for slightly smaller scales of use.

This option is suitable for both individual craftsmen and repair businesses. The thickness of the wire packaged in coils varies from 0.8 mm to the maximum possible 2 mm.

The solder component is an alloy of 2/5 parts lead and 3/5 parts tin. Each solder granule is surrounded by rosin, the total concentration of which varies from 0.8% to 1.2%.

The convenience of the wire is due to its flexibility . When soldering, such a mixture can be easily introduced into any gap, where it will melt and provide good envelopment of the parts and the formation of a strong seam.

The disadvantage is the low melting point of the mixture . Parts made from refractory alloys cannot be soldered with such consumables.

Working with solder wire containing rosin flux is similar to standard soldering. First, the parts need to be cleaned, then heated to the required temperature and consumables introduced into the work area.

Tube arrangement

The use of materials with dual functions in the form of tubes is economically and technologically beneficial. Consumption is reduced by almost 40%, and there is no need to remove the remaining flux after soldering.

Tubular solder contains 1, 3 or 5 internal channels into which flux is placed. There are several advantages of using this type of consumables:

• simultaneous supply of two trains to the working area;
• improvement of the final result;
• increase in work speed;
• simplification of soldering in hard-to-reach areas;
• reducing losses of funds;
• possibility of strict dosing;
• eliminating the possibility of dirt getting into the flux.

Tubes with one internal cavity can make soldering a little more difficult due to the rapid flow of flux into the work area. When working with multichannel solders containing flux, such troubles are unlikely.

In any case, you need to get used to using tubular products and learn how to properly regulate the solder supply speed. In general, the flow of flux through several channels minimizes the likelihood of disruption of the soldering technology.

Dry work will be completely eliminated. The flux enters the work area evenly through several channels, which leads to improved joint quality.

Solder material composition

The tubes contain both traditional and special solders.

As a solder mass for many metals and alloys, in particular for copper, a common alloy of tin and lead with eutectic properties is used.

The ratio of metals may vary to some extent. Recommendations for the use of such tubes correspond to the instructions for the use of homogeneous solders made of tin and lead.

For surface mounting work, it is better to choose products with a diameter from 0.46 to 1 mm. To solder miniature parts, flux solders containing silver additives are produced. The maximum melting point of the product is 188℃. The diameter of such tubes is 0.46 mm and 0.56 mm.

Solders with tin and copper have higher melting points, reaching 227℃. the tin content in them varies. Tubes are produced with fluxes in which the tin concentration is 95.5% and 99%. Some types of products contain silver additives.

For soldering elements of aluminum lamps, special solders with fluxes containing 80% lead, 18% tin and about 2% silver are supplied. Slight variation in the ratio of components allows you to expand the range of melting temperatures. The minimum is 178, the maximum is 270 ℃.

In most cases, the tubes contain purified rosin as fluxes. Strict dosing almost completely eliminates the possibility of residue formation. If any are discovered after finishing work, they do not need to be deleted.

When choosing consumables, you should pay attention to the manufacturer's information. The technology for producing solders with flux is quite simple, which increases the likelihood of counterfeits.

In low-quality products, the ratio of external and internal components may be disrupted. In professional production, the flux content usually varies from 1% to 4% of the total weight of the tube.

  Soldering an aluminum engine cooling radiator

Tips for use

To work with tubular consumables, you can take any soldering iron. It is important that its shape and dimensions provide the required contact with the parts.

If necessary, the tip should be cleaned by tinning using tubular solder with flux. If there is a lot of dirt on the sting, you should first treat it with a special sponge.

To be completely sure that the working part of the soldering iron is clean, you can use special paste-like products.

Do not allow the work area to overheat. To do this, it is important to monitor both the heating temperature of the soldering iron and the duration of soldering.

Soldering printed circuit boards requires special attention. The work area must first be thoroughly cleaned. You can buy specially designed solvents for this.

Each procedure for soldering parts on the board should last no more than 2 s. During this time, one connection must be made. If more time is spent, the wetting capabilities of the fluxes may not be enough. As a result, the strength of the connection between the electronic components and the board will deteriorate.

Handling tubing containing solder and flux takes some getting used to. The end result and convenience in subsequent work justify minor difficulties at the beginning.

Source: https://rem-serv.com/olovo-s-kanifolyu-dlya-payki/

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron: what is required for soldering using rosin - Machine

In the modern world, saturated with electronics and electrical appliances, you need to know how to use a soldering iron. This skill will save a lot of time and money on repairing broken appliances. Despite the apparent complexity of this process, it is actually very easy to learn how to solder correctly with a soldering iron.

Soldering technology is to use a metal that has a lower melting point to connect more refractory metals.

Soldering irons

Soldering irons have several types, differing from each other in the heating method. According to this criterion, they are divided into electric, hot-air, induction, and hammer. The most popular in everyday life are electric soldering irons with a spiral or ceramic heater.

For each type of work you need to use a soldering iron of a certain power. For example, for soldering electronics, you will need a low-power soldering iron up to 40 W, and for parts with walls up to 1 mm you will need a more powerful device up to 100 W.

To solder together parts with a thickness of more than 2 mm, you will already need an electric hammer soldering iron with a power of 200-550 W. Such a device is unsuitable for everyday use, as it is intended for large-scale work and has a huge price.

Solders

Solder is essentially an alloy of metals with a low melting point. Solder usually contains tin, but due to its high price, a cheaper material, lead, is added to it.

Also, solder often contains auxiliary substances that are used to improve soldering strength or reduce the melting point.

Soft solders marked from POS-18 to POS-90 are very popular. The number in this abbreviation means the percentage of tin in the solder.

Hard solders are rarely used at home. They contain copper and zinc, which allows the solder not to melt until the temperature reaches 450˚C.

You need to know that solders with different compositions are suitable for different types of metals. For steel, POS-41 is better suited, for copper almost any solder is suitable, and for stainless steel - tin solder with cadmium.

It is best to determine what metal will be used for soldering before purchasing solder and, based on this information, purchase the appropriate solder.

Flux

Flux is an auxiliary substance that is used to free parts from oxidation products during soldering. Fluxes also contribute to the spreading of metal during soldering.

There are a huge number of soldering fluxes on sale. There are both neutral and metal-active fluxes to varying degrees.

The most popular base for flux is rosin. It is fusible and begins to boil already when heated to 250 ˚C.

• To learn how to solder with a soldering iron with rosin, you must know that after soldering you must completely remove the remaining rosin from the metal, otherwise oxidation of the metal will occur at this point.
• Also, due to its hydrolyzing properties, rosin increases conductivity at the soldering site, which disrupts the operation of electronic devices.
• It is also best to select the flux for the type of metal with which you plan to work - this will ensure high quality work.

Pastes

Solder pastes or tinol are a mixture of solder and flux. The paste is used for soldering in complex, hard-to-reach places. Tinol is also convenient to use for beginners without experience with a soldering iron.

Tool preparation

Don’t be afraid if the new soldering iron starts to smoke when you first turn it on. This occurs due to the burnout of the oil that preserves the instrument during long-term storage.

Before using a soldering iron, you should prepare its working part - the tip. It can be forged a little or sharpened to the required shape. If the working part of the soldering iron is coated with nickel, then such preparation is strictly prohibited.

The stores have a wide range of tips or tips for soldering irons, differing in sharpening. For large parts, a round tip with an angular sharpening is suitable, and for small parts, a sharp conical one.

If the soldering iron has a tip made of copper, then before work you need to tin it during the first heating. Tinning can be done by rubbing molten solder over a heated tip with a wooden block or by any other method.

The main thing is that upon first use the working part of the soldering iron is covered with a thin layer of solder. Otherwise, the soldering quality will be poor and the working part of the tool will be damaged.

Preparing parts

The preparation of parts does not depend on the metal from which they are made or the method of soldering them. Preparation always follows the same scheme - first the part is cleaned of contaminants and degreased.

For this purpose, use gasoline, acetone or other solvents. Rust must also be removed mechanically.

Temperature

The temperature of the soldering iron is the main parameter when working with it. When working with an insufficiently heated tool, the solder does not melt, but forms a lump.

To determine at what temperature you should solder, you need to know the melting temperature of the metal of the part and the solder. The temperature of the soldered parts should be 40-80 C˚ higher than the melting temperature of the solder, and the temperature of the tool tip should be 20-40 C˚ higher than the soldering temperature.

If the soldering iron does not have a temperature control function, then this parameter can be assessed using rosin. When touched by a soldering iron, it should boil, without instant combustion. Overheating will be indicated by the appearance on the solder, after touching it with a soldering iron, of a dark film consisting of oxidation products.

Soldering technique

1. Basically, soldering occurs in two ways: by applying solder to the parts using a soldering iron or by applying solder directly to the parts.
2. When using any of the methods, you must first clean and degrease the parts, secure them, heat the tool and treat the soldering area with flux.

If you are using a soldering iron to apply solder, melt a small amount of solder at the tip and transfer it to the soldering pad. Next you should move along the junction of the parts.

• If solder is applied directly to the junction, then the parts are first heated with a soldering iron, and then solder is supplied there later.
• If you plan to solder circuits, then it is better to find high-quality photo instructions on how to solder electronic circuits.

To evaluate the quality of work, you need to evaluate the color and shine of the junction. A high-quality solder has a pronounced shine; if the solder is burned through, it has a matte color and a fragile structure. The spongy structure of the solder indicates a defect.

For the first tests, it is best to use simple and inexpensive materials. The easiest way is to understand how to solder with tin and rosin correctly.

Photo recommendations on how to solder

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Source: https://regionvtormet.ru/okrashivanie/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom-chto-trebuetsya-dlya-pajki-s-ispolzovaniem-kanifoli.html

How to solder correctly. Equipment and tools. Soldering Tips

How to solder correctly - the method of forming a permanent connection by introducing molten solder into the contact area is called soldering. In this case, the melting temperature of the solder should be lower than that of the parts being connected. To learn how to solder correctly, it is necessary, in addition to theory, to master this technology practically.

Soldering irons

Electric soldering irons produce voltages up to 220 volts. It is difficult to make a high-voltage heating element with a weak soldering iron, because a lot of thin conductor is required. This will lead to an increase in the size of the soldering iron and will compromise electrical safety.

The power of the soldering iron is selected taking into account the size of the parts. The larger the parts being connected, the more powerful the soldering iron should be.

The required temperature of the soldering iron core can be maintained either automatically or manually. For such purposes, thyristor-based regulators are used.

To increase the service life of the soldering iron, the tip of the tip is forged. Then copper acquires properties in which it is less susceptible to dissolution in solder. The tip is sharpened with a file to give it a special shape: cut or angular. The end of the tip in the form of a knife is made for soldering several contacts of parts at once.

Tools

The workplace must be equipped with a tool before the parts can be soldered correctly.

Stand

A heated soldering iron is usually placed on a stand, which serves as a location for the flux, as well as a working platform for soldering. A clamp with a piece of foam rubber is attached to the stand to clean the soldering iron tip.

Tripod

It consists of clamps that move in height and angle, as well as a soldering iron holder and rosin.

Handy tools

They are necessary to support parts, clean the surface, and give a certain shape to the wire. Such tools are usually pliers, tweezers, pliers, wire cutters, a knife, etc.

Soldering Tips

• Application of materials. One of the materials used for soldering is tin. However, its melting point does not exceed 230 degrees. When installing radio components that are small in size, they fail due to overheating. Solder, composed of tin and lead, melts at a temperature of 180 degrees and is also cheaper. The quality of the connection is not inferior to tin soldering. In general, pure tin is rarely used. When installing radio components, POS-61 solder is used. The number is the percentage of tin content. To remove traces of oxides at the soldering site, fluxes are used. In tinsmithing, acids are used for such purposes. But they are not suitable for electrical connections. Here we need fluxes that are neutral to the contacts. Let's figure out how to properly solder using rosin to protect against oxidation.

Rosin-based flux is passive. It protects the liquid solder from air during soldering, preventing the formation of oxides. However, it does not remove them from the surface. It is convenient to solder with solder in the form of a tube, inside of which there is rosin.

In places with difficult accessibility, a solution of rosin in alcohol is used.

• The core (tip) of the soldering iron must be cleaned and coated with solder in order to avoid the formation of oxide deposits, which interfere with operation.
• Soldering surfaces must be cleaned and tinned for a good soldering connection.
• The soldering areas are first heated with a soldering iron, then connected and soldered.

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron

• The soldering surfaces are cleaned with sandpaper and degreased with gasoline or acetone.
• The soldering iron tip is cleaned with a file, sandpaper and other tools to remove oxides and carbon deposits.
• The soldering iron is heated, dipped in rosin, and tinned. To properly tin the tip, take a wooden block and rub the solder on the tip. The surface of the working area should turn silver.
• Warming up the solder. A particle the size of a drop of solder is applied with a soldering iron to the surfaces to be joined and leveled. If necessary, more solder is added to completely cover the joint. The contact between the core and the wire is assumed to be maximum. Rosin must be present on the solder to avoid the formation of oxides. It is recommended to do soldering in one step, since after several touching times the solder oxidizes due to the evaporation of rosin. While the solder is cooling, the parts cannot be moved, as cracks will form, which will reduce the strength and quality of the connection.
• The remaining rosin is removed with alcohol and a brush.

Soldering conductors

Now let's figure out how to solder the wires correctly. The ends of the wire for connection are stripped of insulation and heated. The size of the core must be selected according to the size of the parts. If the core is too large, then the parts nearby will overheat when soldering. If it is too small, the soldering will be poor quality.

It is better to remove the wire insulation with a knife or wire cutters. If the wires are multi-core, then the wires are twisted and then tinned. To do this, the stripped end of the wire is dipped into a container with rosin, a drop of solder is applied to the copper wires and passed several times. In this case, the wire is rotated to cover it with solder on all sides.

The wires are twisted to form a common axis. One conductor is twisted along the other. Rosin is applied to the joint to be joined, followed by solder. The connection is warmed up for 3 seconds.

If there is not enough solder, you need to add it. Sometimes it is not clear why a powerful soldering iron does not warm up the contact, and how to solder. Heat comes from bottom to top. The twist needs to be heated from below. When the heating is sufficient, the solder spreads evenly, and when there is little heat, the result is loose solder.

After soldering, heat shrink is placed on the contact to create insulation. You can heat the heat shrink with a lighter.

Copper and aluminum wires must not be twisted together. To connect them, an intermediate structure is used in the form of a terminal clamp, a bolted connection, or a layer of another metal. There is a solder for aluminum that is combined with copper wire and is used to solder them.

How to solder radio components correctly

Soldering of radio components is carried out by preliminary twisting, or overlapping, using a heat sink. Many parts of radio elements are afraid of strong heating above 70 degrees.

On the circuit board, the hole for attaching the part is covered with solder. Next, the rosin-coated and tinned end of the part is inserted into this hole, heated and moistened with solder. In this case, the tip should touch the board and the part simultaneously. Excess solder is removed with copper braiding. If all solder points look the same, then the soldering is done well.

A soldering iron without solder cannot be kept hot for a long time and cannot be overheated. Oxides are formed, and again it will be necessary to clean and tinning the tip. There should always be rosin on the heated core of the soldering iron. And if the breaks between soldering are long enough, then it is recommended to turn off the soldering iron. Oxidized unnecessary solder is removed from the core with a sponge.

Some elements and parts of circuits fail under the influence of static electricity. To prevent this from happening, the body of the soldering iron must be connected to ground.

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Source: https://electrosam.ru/glavnaja/slabotochnye-seti/kak-pravilno-paiat/

Rules for soldering copper wires

One of the best ways to connect copper wires is soldering. It provides high strength and electrical conductivity. At the same time, soldering is easier to carry out than welding, and it is more reliable than simple twisting. Although the wires in junction boxes are often connected using self-clamping terminals such as WAGO, soldering techniques will not hurt any electrician to know.

You can learn how to solder copper wires in a few minutes, having all the necessary materials and equipment.

The essence of the process

The essence of the soldering process is that metals are joined together using an alloy that has a melting point lower than the melting point of the substances being joined.

During soldering, materials are heated to the melting temperature of the solder. This ensures very strong adhesion (sticking) - the property of materials to adhere to each other at the molecular level.

However, the main parts do not melt and mix with the solder material, as happens when welding using filler material.

Soldering iron and solder

Soldering irons are traditionally used for soldering copper wires. There are several types of them, including electric and gas. Soldering of copper wires is carried out using an electric soldering iron with a copper tip. This tool consists of a copper rod, sometimes nickel plated, that is mounted in a heating element housing.

The heating element operates on direct or alternating current. The supply voltage can vary from 12 to 220 V. For soldering copper wires of electrical wiring in the house, the most common soldering iron with a power of 60 W is suitable. If you need to solder thin wires of an electrical appliance, then a less powerful tool will do. It is important that it heats the copper material well and melts the solder.

To ensure high soldering quality and joint strength, it is necessary to remain still while the molten solder cools. You can hold the wires with your hands, but it is more convenient to use tweezers or clamps.

Tin-lead solder is used for soldering copper wires. Most often this is POS-61, but you can also take POS-40. The marking indicates the composition - tin-lead solder with a tin content of 61%.

Solder is usually produced in rods with a diameter of about 8 mm or in the form of solder wire with a diameter of 2 mm. General purpose solder is often used for soldering copper wires, which looks like a hollow tube of tin-lead alloy. Inside such a tube there is flux powder.

Application of flux

In order for the solder and the wire material to interact with each other, and the connection to be high-quality, the wires must be cleaned of the oxide film and only then soldered. For cleaning, you can use sandpaper, and for subsequent processing, use a special substance - flux.

Flux will not only clean copper wires, but will also create a thin protective film that prevents oxidation of the material.

It is allowed to use both solid flux - pine rosin, and liquid - various types of soldering acids or a homemade composition.

Sometimes, in order to correctly and firmly solder copper wires to each other or to any metal object, they use only liquid flux. You can prepare it by dissolving ordinary pine rosin in ethyl alcohol.

Soldering acid is prepared independently by dissolving zinc granules in hydrochloric acid in the proportion of 412 grams of zinc per 1 liter of acid.

But it’s better to buy ready-made flux that meets all quality standards, since bringing acidic compounds to copper wires is undesirable.

How to solder correctly

To reliably solder copper wires, you need to prepare a soldering iron. If you do not tin the tip before work, the solder will not stick, but will roll off the rod in balls. This happens because the tip is covered with a layer of copper oxide and carbon deposits formed during previous soldering.

Preparing the soldering iron

For ease of work, some specialists sharpen the tip with a flat file to give it the shape of a spatula or flat screwdriver. The sharpening angle should be 45-60 degrees.

A non-burning tip (eternal) cannot be sharpened under any circumstances; special sponges are used for it.

The mechanically cleaned tip must be heated and then tinned. To do this, it is coated with flux.

If the flux is solid (rosin), simply immerse the tip in it. The rosin will melt and cover the heated surface. After this, you need to touch the solder bar with a soldering iron and heat it up. The molten solder will coat the tip, protecting it from further oxidation.

The procedure for tinning a soldering iron must be repeated as carbon deposits form on it. This happens because the temperature of the tip is much higher than the melting point of the solder, and over time it begins to burn. To reduce the likelihood of this happening, it is recommended to use a soldering iron with temperature control.

Preparing the wires

The copper wires to be connected also need to be prepared for soldering. First, remove the insulation from the ends at a distance of about 4 cm, strip them, twist them together and tinning them. Copper wires can be tinned as follows:

• heat the twist with a soldering iron;
• coat with flux;
• Apply a small amount of solder, spreading it over the surface of the wire.

The actions are similar to those performed when tinning a soldering iron tip. If you are going to solder stranded copper wires, then you must stock up on liquid flux, since it will be very difficult to cover the entire surface of the copper “hairs” with molten solid rosin. To get a quality connection, you need to heat the stranded wire and then dip it in liquid flux, which will wet the entire surface intended for soldering.

Further, soldering of stranded and single-core copper wires is carried out in the same way. The two or more conductors being joined are heated together and solder is applied to them. After applying it, it is necessary to ensure that the joint remains motionless while it cools. It is not allowed to accelerate cooling by wetting it or blowing air on it.

Copper and aluminum connection

When connecting copper and aluminum wires by soldering, you can encounter many difficulties, which can only be overcome by using alternative connection methods.

The fact is that both aluminum and copper are covered with an oxide film in air.

And if these films themselves do not affect the state of the conductor in any way and even provide fairly good conductivity, then when combined they contribute to the occurrence of a powerful chemical reaction.

Under the influence of moisture contained in the air, at the point of contact between aluminum and copper oxides, the process of electrolysis begins, that is, an electric current is formed due to the fact that the ions of both materials have different electrical potentials.

Electric current is the movement of charged particles - ions, and during their movement, metals at the point of contact are destroyed. At the same time, aluminum is more destroyed. Destruction causes the contact to deteriorate, and subsequently the electrical resistance of the connection increases and it heats up. With severe corrosion, when direct contact between the two materials has already been lost, an electric arc occurs, which completes the destruction.

It is recommended to connect copper with aluminum only through a third, neutral material. Most often, steel terminal blocks or clamps are used for this.

Source: https://svaring.com/soldering/praktika/pajka-mednyh-provodov

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron and rosin

Any novice specialist involved in the maintenance and repair of radio electronics is faced with the need to buy a device designed for high-quality work on connecting damaged sections of the microcircuit. Let's try to figure out how to solder correctly with a soldering iron with rosin, what a novice specialist and a master with a wealth of knowledge needs to know.

Soldering using rosin

Basic principles and rules for soldering work

In order to understand and find out how to properly use a soldering iron for soldering wires, you need to have a minimum set of tools:

• Soldering iron, preferably electric from the main power source of 220 volts.
• Tin or other interchangeable solders.
• Rosin.

The power of the soldering iron should be no more than 40 watts, the standard power supply is 220 volts. For domestic use, this power of the device is quite enough. Ready-made solder is needed for high-quality connection of parts and assemblies.

  As the main components of solder we use tin with lead components, as well as traditional rosin. The retail network sells ready-made tubes with a compound inside or special wire.

The latter option is recognized as the most effective and best in many performance parameters.

Characteristics of solder and rosin

Next, we’ll figure out how to properly solder wires with a soldering iron with rosin and tin when choosing the required brand of solder. In this case, the PIC marking, the so-called tin-lead solder, is suitable. The marking contains digital values, so 60 is the percentage of tin, and 40% is the lead content.

  You can find solders on the market that have a high lead content. This material has the best characteristics that ensure high quality work when connecting parts.

  The composition differs in color, the melting temperature will be an order of magnitude higher than with conventional series and PIC markings, but the quality of the processing site will also be high.

Tin-lead solder

Rosin plays an important role in this process, which allows you to solve not only the problem of how to properly solder wires with a soldering iron, but also helps to achieve the necessary strength of the connection. The main purpose of rosin is to remove oxides from processed soldered parts. The use of rosin is mandatory, since the copper tip, when heated, forms a specific carbon deposit that interferes with the quality of ensuring the strength of the connection of parts on the microcircuit.

Source: https://svarkaipayka.ru/oborudovanie/payalniki/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom-s-kanifolyu.html

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron

Let's say you need to solder aluminum. Not everyone knows that rosin only uses copper and its alloys. Other soldering needs to be done using special fluxes, acids, and solders. Even steel lends itself to this science, if you approach it wisely. Let's look at how to solder correctly with a soldering iron.

Process characteristics

Inside the soldering iron there is a heating element of a certain power, placed in an insulating jacket made of ceramic or other heat-resistant material. This is necessary so that all the heat goes inside where the tip is located. The main difference between soldering irons is power and shape. Depending on this, the master decides what exactly needs to be used.

They often work as a tool in electronics. In the case under consideration, it is important not to exceed the power dissipation of relatively fragile resistors, microcircuits, and capacitors. If this happens, the work is redone. With the difference that you will have to buy the damaged element in the store. Therefore, it is important to learn how to solder correctly.

It is difficult to say how much power will be required in a particular case. Radio amateurs focus on size.

Soldering iron power

Types of soldering irons

First, the power of the soldering iron is assessed. It is clear that getting a 100 W unit into the motherboard is simply dangerous. It makes more sense to purchase a 20 or 50 W soldering iron. Please note that not all soldering irons are powered by 220 V. There are many examples of non-compliance with the rule. The manufacturer is guided by simple logic: a low-power soldering iron requires a twisted spiral, which introduces large losses at a frequency of 50 Hz. It makes more sense to switch to direct current.

In such a case, inductance no longer plays a big role. If you connect a low-power DC soldering iron (far right in the photo) to a 220 V AC network, the product will burn out. But the Chinese produce small soldering irons (second from left). The one shown in the photo shows a power of 40 W and is powered from a standard outlet. Finally, by default, 100 W soldering irons were produced in the USSR (far left).

How to determine power and supply voltage? This is the main difficulty: often the soldering iron does not carry distinguishable symbols. If you take Chinese, there is a red and white sticker on it (see photo) with information, and for a device with a wooden handle, the power is indicated on the plug. The protective casing of a 100-watt soldering iron is marked accordingly. GOST is indicated there; information can be gleaned from the documentation.

A powerful 100 W soldering iron allows you to work with rough and large parts, indispensable for hard solders.

Section of the sting

The size of the tip (metal rod for soldering) often plays a role. For example, a 100-watt soldering iron has a solid thick copper stick. If you need to solder something thinner, the tip is changed. For the soldering iron in question, it is simply pulled out, and where to buy a spare one is the second question. For example, stings are sold in special stores for radio amateurs and can cost a decent amount.

A Chinese 40 W soldering iron with an excellent tip cost 40 rubles (FixPrice), and a tip of this kind can cost 300 rubles separately. The fastening system is different. For example, with a DC soldering iron it is unscrewed, but with a Chinese soldering iron it is held on with screws (like a device with a wooden handle). The material may vary. Bulky tips of 100-watt soldering irons are usually copper, while modest and miniature ones are made from an alloy of non-ferrous and ferrous metals.

But both options allow you to work with all solders that can be melted.

Before work, the soldering iron tip is cleaned of waste materials and oxide film with a file or needle file. It is clear that this is not the only way. For example, for such purposes it is allowed to use dissimilar fluxes. It's time for readers to learn how a part is prepared for soldering.

How the surfaces of the part and the tips are prepared for the soldering process using fluxes

The surface of any metal (with rare exceptions) is covered with an oxide film. As a result, the solder simply does not adhere. A group of substances whose purpose is to remove the oxide film from the surface are called fluxes. They come in solid and liquid forms, and are also sold mixed with solder in the form of pastes. The first category includes rosin and a number of other substances. Liquid fluxes are often acids or salt solutions. The basis is alcohol and other liquids.

It is important to understand that a special composition is used for different cases. The only difference is the price, which you should try to save on.

When exposed to high temperatures and rosin, the oxide layer is removed from the surface of the copper wire and the varnish insulation, if any, is dissolved (this is typical for transformer windings). At the same time, the flux improves the wettability of the surface.

Due to this, the solder spreads easily, and then sticks and hardens. An elastic, resilient and durable contact is formed. Therefore, soldering is used not only by radio amateurs, but also by representatives of other professions. Including car repairs.

Specific flux is sold for different types of surfaces. For example, steel is etched with hydrochloric acid; zinc chloride is often used. It should be understood that after the soldering process the surface is cleaned, otherwise its destruction will continue. They get rid of flux residues with brushes, emery, and often wash the area affected by acids with a weak solution (5%) of soda, and then with hot and cold water.

Pay attention to wettability: to solder aluminum, it is not enough to clean off the top layer with a file. This gives almost no result, since the solder does not spread over the surface. Wetability is poor.

After treatment with acid, the balance of power changes radically. As for steel, special acids have been created for it (see photo). They also solder cast iron, cutting the edges for solder. First, the surface is treated with flux, then tinned.

Then gradually the entire volume is filled flush with the surrounding surface.

Acids for work

A solution of ammonia is often confused with ammonia. The first is ammonium hydroxide (10% solution), and the second is chloride. Both wires cannot be soldered in their pure form, but they are used to make various fluxes. For example, diluting ammonia with water produces hydrochloric acid. Here, amateurs are already inventing their own recipes, many of which can be read in the public domain. It is also recommended to solder aluminum with a soldering iron using an aspirin tablet.

What is solder, types of solders

Solder is a mixture of metals. task: obtaining maximum strength and electrical conductivity at minimal cost. More often you have to work with tin-lead solders, but zinc solders are also used for soldering aluminum. The melting point of the latter is higher, and this is one of the criteria by which it is customary to differentiate:

• Particularly fusible - melting point below 145 degrees Celsius.
• Low-melting - the melting point is above 145 degrees Celsius, but below 450.
• Medium melting - melting point above 450 degrees Celsius, but below 1100.
• High-melting - melting point above 1100 degrees Celsius, but below 1850.
• Refractory solders have a melting point above 1850 degrees Celsius.

You have to use a torch already in the upper part of the third group: the melting point is too high for a soldering iron to handle. Let us add that the electrical conductivity of tin is higher than that of lead, for this reason compositions with a high metal content are more expensive for soldiers. But this is not the only reason. When tinning pots, it is important to maintain conditions that are harmless to humans. It is clear that lead is out of the question in the case under consideration.

Soldering small parts

The percentage of more expensive metals usually appears in the brand name. For example, in PIC (tin-lead solder) this is possible 10, 60 or 90%. The composition often includes antimony. Its percentage usually appears after a dash, for example, POSS 40-0.5.

Antimony is added, like many other impurities, to improve the quality of the solder. In particular, it reduces oxidation of the melt, which leads to a high-quality appearance, and there is no need to protect the joint with varnish.

Antimony increases the heat resistance of the compound to temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius.

In Europe, a ban on lead-containing solders is currently being introduced. They are replaced with silver ones, although the melting point increases. And the cost increases, of course. But you shouldn’t think that a high price means indispensable quality.

Tin is expensive, but Scott's expedition to the South Pole was lost due to the tin plague in 1912. Already at a temperature of four degrees Celsius, negative changes are possible, but with a decrease the process gets worse.

Imagine what happens to pure tin in the cold.

No one can explain the plague process in detail. It is believed that the tin must be infected, and then the solder seams will crumble. Scott's expedition took barrels of fuel, soldered with the purest metal. Studies have been conducted and it has been found that adding a small percentage of lead blocks the development of plague. Even POS 90 is not afraid of frost, but it is expensive, and in technology POS 40 and lower are often used, despite its relatively low electrical conductivity.

In addition to those listed, copper solders are used in places. Their melting point is relatively high, requiring the use of a burner. In such a case, flux is usually poured onto the surface (liquid is used less often) for cleaning. Then it all depends on the nature of the task.

For example, to solder a cable tip, the first one is clamped in a vice with the bulb facing up, and solder crumbs are poured inside. All this is heated by a burner. Then the cable is inserted inside, and the outer insulation is melted. It is recommended to cool the place forcibly, for example by blowing.

Soldering process

Soldering iron tip

Before starting work, prepare a soldering iron. First, the sting is cleaned. Dense carbon deposits are removed by chipping with a sharp tool. The photo shows a soldering iron, part of the tip has been cleaned with a file. It can be seen that from long-term use the surface has become uneven and bumpy. This interferes with the soldering process.

Light carbon deposits are removed after heating. For this, the same acids and rosin are used. The task is to expose the sting. Often, under the influence of fluxes, a thick crust falls off and is difficult to grind off.

The insulation of electrical wires is stripped to the required distance. Then the core is treated with rosin melt or acid. This is done with a soldering iron and in many cases a good fume hood will be required.

For example, formic acid vapor is often used in industry, but this substance poses a great danger to humans.

Before using a chemical to solder copper electrical wires, carefully search the Internet to see what is said about the safety of such actions. The nature of the influence of formic acid becomes creepy.

If you solder electrical wires correctly, then already in the process of removing the oxide film you can see how solder creeps along the surface. We can see this especially clearly on the reverse side of printed circuit boards. The tracks should be covered with a thin layer of solder.

Those who think it will take a long time to worry needlessly worry. Literally, you need to bypass the installation with smoking rosin in one fell swoop, and then pick up solder, and it will spread on its own over the surface. A typical power supply takes just minutes.

It takes longer to etch the board in copper sulfate.

We believe that readers have already realized that soldering aluminum with tin is possible only after removing the oxide film.

Source: https://VashTehnik.ru/elektrika/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom.html

What do you need to learn to solder?

To solder anything, you first need to prepare a work area. The part itself should be located on it, as well as the place where you will put the tool. Please note that the soldering iron heats up to high temperatures, so it should not be placed on plastic or other flammable objects. The best solution would be to use a metal or ceramic stand.

It is also worth taking care in advance of those tools that may be needed during the work. These can be pliers for holding large objects or tweezers for fixing small parts.

Additionally, you need to have a damp sponge on hand; use it to remove the remnants of old solder on the tip.

If all of the above are recommendations rather than mandatory items, then  three elements are always required for soldering:

• the soldering iron itself is a tool whose tip heats up to high temperatures and is capable of melting solder;
• solder - a metal or alloy that melts at relatively low temperatures and is capable of conducting current (most often it is tin);
• flux is a substance that has degreasing and oxidation-preventing properties.

The principle of soldering is extremely simple and has remained unchanged for many years.

There is a simple diagram of how to solder correctly:

1. Cleaning parts from old solder. This point can be omitted when repairing modern (mostly Chinese) devices - there is so little solder in them that if they break down, the place remains almost clean.

2. Degreasing the tip and parts. For this, either liquid flux or rosin is used. This must be done to ensure that the tin attaches to the items. First, the parts and the soldering iron itself are treated with flux, after which they are evenly coated with solder. This process is also called tinning.

3. Melt the tin and put the required amount on the tip. This moment requires some skill. Most beginners fail to take the required amount of solder, which is why the parts are either not soldered at all, or the work done does not look neat.

4. Holding the parts to be soldered together, transfer solder to the joint. At this stage it is important to hold objects clearly. If your hand shakes, the parts will come apart and the procedure will have to start over. It is important to hold the parts until the solder hardens.

How to solder with a soldering iron with rosin?

Rosin is considered a classic substance used in soldering. The whole principle of operation remains the same, the main differences are noticeable only at the degreasing stage.

The peculiarity of rosin is that it is a solid resin. Most often it is in a small metal jar with an airtight lid.

Despite the variety of modern liquid solders, rosin still remains a popular material. Many radio amateurs are confident that only with its help can high-quality and fast soldering be performed.

The peculiarity of how to properly solder with rosin is that you need to press the tip and wires against the resin itself. After this, solder is applied. The goal is to achieve uniform coverage of the part with solder.

When choosing a flux in this way, it is worth considering one point. Rosin is not compatible with all metals, so for complex soldering it is worth choosing a different flux that is suitable for all parts.

How to solder wires with a soldering iron? Work specifics

The soldering technique differs slightly depending on what exactly is being worked with. Working with various parts and circuits has its own specifics due to the size and characteristics of the fastening.

The process of soldering wires is distinguished separately. It is slightly different from the process of attaching regular parts. There is a certain inconvenience in this work - the wires are flexible and movable, so they must be tightly fixed when soldering.

Here's how to solder wires:

1. Strip the wire. The size of the cleared space should correspond to the soldering area. If you expose too little of the reins, it will interfere with your work, and if you expose too much, it may cause a short circuit.

2. If the selected wire is stranded, you need to twist it tightly so that all the wires are adjacent to each other. If you don't do this, some of them may not attach. In this case, not only will the quality of the connection deteriorate, but the risk of breakage will also increase.

3. First, the soldering iron is tinned, then the wire itself. When using rosin, this is conveniently done by immersing it in the resin and heating it with a sting. It is necessary to achieve uniform coverage.

4. The wire is attached to the place by applying solder and fixing until it hardens.

You can also connect the wires to each other using a soldering iron. Before soldering, the wires are stripped and twisted together. Only after this is tinning and soldering done (solid rosin is most often used, but liquid solder can also be applied with a brush).

It doesn’t really matter what kind of wires you use: either copper or aluminum can be easily soldered.

There are several simple methods on how to learn how to perform such work efficiently. The classic and most effective option is to use wire. Twelve identical sections are cut from it, after which a cube is formed by soldering. The design is tested for strength by squeezing the cube in your fist. If not a single edge has fallen apart, the job is done correctly. In the opposite case, a new set of wires is cut and the model is soldered again.

Features of how to solder microcircuits

The specificity of the microcircuit is the small size of the parts, as well as the high probability of their overheating. It is very important to remove the device quickly. If necessary, a heat sink is used - tweezers or another metal object can act as it.

For such work, it is worth choosing a soldering iron with a small tip, since there is a very small distance between the parts. There are several soldering methods. Some craftsmen prefer to make indentations in the soldering iron tip, others connect using a special solder paste, and still others methodically solder the taps one after another.

To understand how to properly solder a particular part, you need to determine what temperature needs to be applied. Much depends on the material from which the board is made. Most often it is 200-300 degrees Celsius.

How to solder the boards largely depends on their design. Simpler circuits are easily connected by alternating solder wires, but complex modern chips require special care - after all, by soldering the next part you can easily eliminate the previous one.

How to solder with a soldering iron with acid? Features of work

Some craftsmen are confident that using acid is much simpler and more reliable than soldering with rosin. However, the use of such a substance can lead to corrosion of the installation.

The use of soldering acid plays a big role when there is a need to remove the oxide film from surfaces, which leads to a better and more durable connection.

This material is suitable for processing connections of cast iron parts, as well as all kinds of precious and ferrous metals.

The main instruction on how to properly solder with such flux is compliance with safety precautions. The type of acid chosen must clearly correspond to the material you will be joining.

It is also worth taking care of the safety of surrounding objects - a drop of flux can corrode some objects, as it is an aggressive chemical.

This flux can be made with your own hands or purchased in a store. For beginners, the second option is preferable, since the composition will not only be uniquely effective, but also, of course, suitable for your parts. In this case, you can always turn to a consultant for help and clarify the correct choice.

Source: https://1000sovetov.ru/article_kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom

How to solder aluminum with tin?

Soldering aluminum with standard solder using conventional technology is unreliable and impossible. The tin on it rolls into a ball, not wanting to stick, and if it does stick, the result is a weak connection that breaks under the slightest load. To prevent this from happening, you need to solder in a special way, and then even ordinary solder will hold tight.

Inventors shop at a budget Chinese online store.

• solder 60/40;
• mineral oil or petroleum jelly;
• alcohol.

How to solder aluminum correctly

An oxide film instantly forms on the surface of the aluminum, which prevents adhesion between the base and the solder. To prevent it from interfering, you need to create an airless environment at the soldering site. To do this, apply a thin layer of Vaseline to the area of ​​aluminum that has been cleaned of dirt. You can use mineral or other automotive oil instead.

Inventions for DIYers in a Chinese online store.

DIY electronics in a Chinese store.

If Vaseline was used, then you need to apply a soldering iron tip to it so that it melts into liquid oil. After this, take a mounting knife or other sharp object and use it to scratch the aluminum under the Vaseline.

It is important that the scratches are made on a surface that is sealed from air. As soon as the Vaseline begins to thicken, it should be melted again with a soldering iron tip.

You need to actively rub with a knife blade to remove the oxide film on the metal, and in addition to create a relief to which the solder will then stick well.

Inventions for DIYers in a Chinese online store.

After removing the oxide film, the oil is not erased. A soldering iron tip is applied to the soldering site, and the aluminum is heated to operating temperature. Then the required amount of solder is deposited. It will sit right in the oil.

A drop of solder is lightly rubbed over the prepared surface. You need to press it into the resulting scratches. The solder will push the oil to the sides so it won't interfere with adhesion. The absence of an oxide film will allow the tin to stick to the aluminum, rather than forming into a ball that easily falls off.

Then, tinned wires, wire, or whatever is needed can be applied to the surface prepared with oil and friction. They will be soldered in a second, without taking all the tin from the aluminum, as usually happens. After soldering, the remaining oil is removed with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol.

This method allows you to achieve the same soldering reliability as when connecting two copper elements. Moreover, unlike another common method with oil, when the oxide film is removed by five minutes of friction with a hot soldering iron tip, tearing it off with a knife is faster.



Source: https://izobreteniya.net/kak-payat-alyuminij-olovom/

Solder

solder is used to connect the surfaces of components and parts to each other - an alloy of lead and tin in various proportions.

As a rule, solder is made in the form of a wire or tube filled with flux. It is better to give preference to solder in the form of a wire, since flux will have to be used in any case.

Typically, solders differ in melting point and hardness, and are marked with alphabetic and numerical values, for example, POS-60.

POS - tin-lead solder, the number 60 means the percentage of tin in the alloy, respectively 40% lead. The more lead in the solder, the darker it is and the higher the melting point of the solder. For home use, it is better to purchase POS-60 solder with a melting point of about 190 °C, and also has good strength.

Fluxes

Fluxes are designed to dissolve and remove oxides from the surface of parts being soldered, serve to protect metal and solder surfaces from oxidation, and ensure good wetting of the surface of parts with liquid solder.

For example, tip is made of copper, which oxidizes when heated, and a carbon crust forms on the working surface of the tip. If you touch the solder with such a tip, it will naturally melt, but it will not remain on the working surface, but will simply roll off, so you will not be able to solder anything with such a soldering iron.

The most common and affordable flux is rosin , which is made from pine resin. It looks like amber, transparent with a yellowish tint.

Preparing the soldering iron tip for soldering

And so, you bought a soldering kit. The first step is to prepare the soldering iron, namely its working part ( tip ), since it is not yet very suitable for soldering. We clamp it with pliers, take a file, and begin to carefully process the tip, giving it the shape of a dihedral angle of approximately 3045 degrees.

You have prepared the tip of the tip, but you cannot turn on the soldering iron yet, because when you turn it on for the first time, it emits smoke and an unpleasant odor, this is normal.
This happens because during the first heating, the adhesive layer with which the mica sheets were glued together when winding the heating element burns out.

Soldering iron heating element design

Let's look at the sectional design of the heating element.

The heating element in soldering irons is usually a nichrome wire wound around a metal tube into which a copper rod (tip) is inserted. The electric current heats up the nichrome wire, which in turn transfers heat to the copper rod, heating it.

To isolate this wire from contact with the protective casing and metal tube, mica is used, which is laid in layers between them.

Homemade soldering iron stand

Another thing you need, and you can’t live without it, is a soldering iron stand .
You can buy it there in the store, or you can make it yourself. It is enough to take a small wooden block and a metal lid used in home canning. You will put the remaining solder and flux in it, and also tin the leads of the parts and the soldering iron tip in it.

It is advisable to make a rectangular bath from the lid. Just be careful when you cut the lid, its edges are sharp as a blade, do all work with gloves.

So.
Cut a rectangle out of the lid with scissors, make markings with a marker, as in the picture, and bend the edges with pliers. When finished, be sure to file the edges of the bath and nail it to the block with two small nails. All. Your stand is ready.

Advice! Take electrical tape and tape the soldering iron wire to the handle as shown in the photo. This will save you from any surprises. Believe me!!!

Now you can turn on the soldering iron.
If you are indoors, then open the window, plug in the soldering iron and expose it to fresh air for 30-40 minutes. After this time, the product is ready for use.

Final preparation of the soldering iron tip. Service

As you noticed, the copper has turned dark blue, so we take a file and go over the working part of the tip, removing scale from it. Now quickly dip the tip into a jar of rosin and touch the solder to both sides.

Then, using small movements along the bottom of the bath, as if you were working with an eraser, move the tip back and forth, periodically dipping it in rosin for better wetting, until the working part is covered with solder on both sides.
Happened! The sting should always be this white .

Remember! The key to good soldering is a soldering iron tip that is free of oxides and well tinned. The solder should be a thin layer evenly distributed over the entire working surface of the tip .

Here you go. You have prepared the soldering iron for soldering, and now you can safely start practicing. In the second part of the article, how to properly solder with a soldering iron with rosin, you will learn how to tin and solder conductors together .
Good luck!

Source: https://sesaga.ru/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom-s-kanifolyu.html

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron - how to learn how to solder aluminum and copper wires with a soldering iron yourself?

How to solder with a soldering iron?

This article will help you learn how to solder correctly with a soldering iron if you have not held one in your hands before. A soldering iron is a really necessary thing if you are a radio amateur, a system administrator, want to repair home electronics yourself, or if you want to learn something new and useful.

It is important to understand that if today you need to resolder wires in household appliances or solder the motherboard in a computer, reading one article will clearly not be enough. Despite its apparent simplicity, working with a soldering iron is almost an art that requires care, experience and a steady hand. Before you solder anything for a wire that has value, you should practice a fair amount on the consumable material.

Soldering iron operating principle

Understanding how a soldering iron works is not difficult. The heating element heats up to a high temperature ( 300 degrees and above ). Soldering is the process of absorbing a special substance (solder). It has a melting point lower than that of soldering wire.

The soldering iron melts the solder, which fills all the micropores of the metal, interacting with them at the molecular level. When cooled, it “sticks” and forms a stable connection between the two parts of the wire.

Soldering iron and tools needed for work

Answering the question “how to solder with a soldering iron”, it is necessary to touch upon the topic of the tools and consumables necessary for soldering. So, in order to solder correctly and efficiently, you will need:

• The soldering iron itself
• Special stand
• Solder
• Flux
• Additional tools

Soldering iron

There are many different models needed to solve a wide range of technical problems. But the main criterion is power. Based on power, they are divided into several types:

• 3-10 W. These are the lowest power models. They are designed for soldering the smallest and most sensitive microcircuits
• 20-40 W. They belong to the category of “household” or amateur radio. With their help you can solder a wire, a transistor or other part
• 60-100 W. If the wires requiring soldering are very thick, this type will do. It is often used by car enthusiasts or professional mechanics
• 100 W or more. With this soldering iron you can solder a thick wire, a pan or even a car radiator. They are used only by professionals, and for obvious reasons are not applicable in everyday life.

If you plan to solder radio components, a 25-watt tool will be sufficient. To solder a regular wire, the power should be enough, but for everyday use you should choose a model with 35 W or higher.

Stands are often sold as a set. They not only keep your workbench free of solder stains, but also allow you to always control the position of the tool. When working, it should be on the edge of the table. It is important to monitor the power cord.

Additional tool

To solder conveniently and safely with a soldering iron, you should acquire the following items:

• Wire cutters. They bite off the wire, remove the insulation, and support the part during operation.
• File – for cleaning the heating part of the soldering iron
• Scalpel with tweezers. They will help you avoid burning your fingers when working with small parts.

Getting Started

The new soldering iron must be cleaned and tinned. You should plug it into the network for 15-20 minutes. In this case, the factory lubricant often begins to burn out, and the tool itself may smoke a little, this is not a big deal.

After warming up, you should carefully clean the work surface with a file, and then immediately dip it in solder. It is important not to let it oxidize. The tool is now ready for use.

It is important if the tip of your tool is made of metal ceramics. It cannot be processed with a file. There is a special damp cloth for this, and you need to gently wipe the surface with it.

How to solder a wire: process

It is very important to prepare the surface. There should be no foreign substances on it, such as grease, paint, varnish, or insulation residues. The success of all work depends on cleanliness. If there is anything, you should carefully clean it with a scalpel and wipe it so that no dust remains.

Next, you take a little solder with the tip and carefully solder it in the right place. This is not a very complicated process, but it requires a “tough” hand, and the very first time you are unlikely to get a beautiful and neat solder.

While working, it is worth remembering a number of rules:

• Soldering must be fast
• If you can't solder the wires right away, you should let them cool before the second attempt. This applies doubly to radio components or microcircuits
• The end of the tool should be applied with the entire surface, the process will be most effective

How to solder wires more securely? You should twist them before starting the procedure. After cooling, they are insulated with electrical tape to avoid short circuits during operation.

A good solder is shiny, even, and free of any cracks. Then it will last as long as possible, and you will not have problems with the device.

Safety precautions

How to solder with a soldering iron without getting burned? Safety precautions must be observed. Working with a soldering iron is not the best time to try your luck with violating safety rules. There are some simple tips:

• Clear the work surface of foreign objects
• Remove overly curious children and animals from the room
• Watch the cord - if you touch it with your foot or hand, there is a risk of burns
• If there are strangers in the room, warn them that you are working with a soldering iron on.
• Flux - just a little. If you use too much, it can splatter on your hand, or in the worst case, directly into your eyes.
• Each time you should take no more solder than 2 solderings . If you overdo it, it can drip onto the table, hand, or even worse, onto the soldered chip.

By following these simple rules, you will protect yourself from extremely unpleasant consequences. If you take your work seriously and don't leave your soldering machine unattended, there shouldn't be any problems.

Solder the wires properly

The further operation of the entire device depends on how the wire is soldered. Experienced craftsmen give a number of tips for high-quality and reliable soldering:

• If there is not enough solder, it will not be able to properly hold the parts together and fill all the gaps
• If there is insufficient amount of flux on the tip, the soldering site turns out to be heterogeneous and uneven, which negatively affects the result. This can happen when the instrument is heated, then the rosin evaporates before soldering is completed.
• When there is too much rosin, it can splash out and touch adjacent contacts or wires, and in the worst case, get on your hand

With experience comes the ability to heat the soldering iron to the desired temperature and use exactly as much solder as needed. Maintaining perfect balance, the solder independently takes the desired shape and flows correctly around the contacts. This is exactly what we need to strive for.

It is best to use soldering irons that have a thermostat. Then it is easy to maintain the desired temperature, which has a positive effect on the process and result of the work. A soldering iron without a regulator can quickly overheat, and its tip can turn black from oxidation. Then you have to turn it off periodically. Maintaining the required temperature is very difficult, and the soldering is not of sufficient quality.

How to solder efficiently with a soldering iron?

The best way to learn how to do something is to practice. Soldering is no exception. There are a number of exercises to help you master this undoubtedly complex but useful instrument.

You should take a bare or insulated wire (to practice stripping) and cut it into 12 equal pieces. To ensure that they are not too small, the optimal length is 30-40 centimeters (before cutting).

After cutting, you should take a soldering iron and form a cube from these blanks, using only a soldering iron and pliers. This will allow you to feel the instrument and get used to using it. Then the finished cooled cube should be taken in the palm of your hand and squeezed into a fist. The work is satisfactory if the adhesions remain intact. This can be practiced to keep your skills at a high level, even if you are an experienced professional and confident in yourself.

The second method of training to work with a soldering iron requires thin wire and a stripped cable. It needs to be wrapped around a wire, and then carefully soldered using a soldering iron and pliers. You should practice until you can solder the wires well the first time. After this, you should begin normal responsible work.

Regular practice will allow you to achieve significant progress in soldering very quickly. In no time, you will be able to repair your radio, wiring (with caution), or other home appliances yourself. But before that, you should entrust this matter to specialists so as not to risk expensive items.

Source: https://remont.youdo.com/articles/repair/paykapayalnikom/