How much does honey weigh?
How many grams of honey are in a tablespoon? If you have asked yourself this question, read our article and find out the specific gravity of honey.
It is well known that honey is much heavier than ordinary water, and the ratio of equal weight is called specific weight.
This unique product has long been used as a cure for ailments. And the ancient Egyptians even used it for embalming. In general, net weight depends on the temperature of the microclimate and the measure of humidity. There are several varieties of bee sweetness:
- buckwheat,
- heather,
- chestnut,
- lime,
- mint,
- clover.
Naturally, each variety has its own thickness, color, chemical composition and processing. Natural transparent honey is considered to be the best. Smell and taste serve to determine naturalness.
Different types are distinguishable by taste:
- some have a pleasant delicate taste,
- others are slightly spicy, causing irritation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, but no less pleasant for this.
It has long been known that the moisture contained in bee nectar can vary from 13 to 25%. Therefore, according to the opinion of beekeepers, humidity should not exceed 18.6%. But even with a similar amount of water, the product must undergo processing, namely, it must be heated to 71° and placed in an airtight container until it cools. Otherwise it may ferment. If you mix thick and liquid honey, then the temperature must be increased for thorough mixing.
How much does it weigh
The specific gravity of honey depends on the temperature and amount of water. The higher its temperature and excessive amount of water, the lower this figure. For measurements, grams and kilograms are used. The density of bee nectar is approximately 1.48 kilograms per 1.51 liters. If the moisture content of honey is higher, its density decreases. A significant indicator of the quality of this product is how many kilograms one liter contains.
It thickens as the bees process the nectar, its chemical composition is modified, and its bactericidal properties increase. Only such a product can be called truly high quality. We are not able to calculate the chemical composition of purchased honey at home, but it is not difficult to measure its specific gravity.
Let us roughly assume that a liter weighs 1.5 kg. If, after weighing and calculating the resulting number, the mass of the container comes out to less than 1.5 kg, then this can only mean one thing - the purchased honey is unripe.
But if the number exceeds more than 1.5 kg, it is worth checking that the scales are working correctly. But first you need to check the capacity of the container.
Therefore, the capacity of a liter jar corresponds to at least one liter, but keep in mind that the capacity of a three-liter jar is approximately 3.14 liters.
Let us consider in detail the amount of honey in a tablespoon (50 grams) and a teaspoon. For reference: if you need to measure 50 grams of honey, then this is approximately 10 teaspoons.
How much is in a teaspoon?
One level teaspoon holds 8 grams of bee nectar, and one level tablespoon holds 17 grams.
What is the weight of a flask of nectar?
By placing the product in a 10 kg flask, its weight is 75 kilograms. One flask can hold 17 three-liter jars and twice as many liter jars.
How much does 1 and 0.5 liters of honey weigh?
The density of honey in a half-liter jar is approximately 1.4 kg, in one liter it will be 2.8-3 kg. And in three its weight will be about 4.5 - 5 kg.
The fresh product appears in the form of a thick and transparent liquid, which gradually crystallizes and hardens. If you scoop it up with a spoon and twirl it in the air, the unripe honey will drip from it. The more mature one tends to layer when rolled onto a spoon.
Nectar in its pure form remains liquid until the honeycombs, which are in the hive at a temperature of 25 degrees, are sealed in the cell. The density is especially liquid if it contains more than 32% water. In rainy years, such a product can be obtained by centrifuging honey from honeycombs. But it is not ripe enough to eat. A product that is beginning to sour or has already turned sour also has a more liquid mass than normal.
How much sweetness is included in one flask and the details of the pumping process you will learn from the next video!
Have questions and need answers?
Ask a question to a specialist
Source: https://ylik.ru/med/udelnyj-ves/
Cable weight
Cable weight is the most important characteristic of a power line, taken into account when carrying out electrical installation work. Expressed in kilograms per kilometer of conductor, it depends on the material from which the conductors are made, their number, and cross-sectional area. Also, this calculation sometimes takes into account such characteristics of cable products as the thickness and material of the insulating layer of its conductive cores and outer sheath.
Cable calculator for calculating weight and length
Table of weight of aluminum in AVVG power cable
Weight of aluminum in conductors of various brands of AVVG cable
Copper weight table in VVG cable
copper in various brands of VVG cable products Current load across the cable cross-section
Table of copper weight in PVA wire
copper in the PVA wire Calculation of electrical and acoustic wiring
Table of copper weight in wire (cord) SHVVP
Selecting a cable for connecting an electric stove
Table of copper weight in ball screw wire
copper in ball screw wires
On a note . To calculate the weight of a cable without the help of an online calculator, use the following simple formula: Vk=πr2ρln, where r is the radius of the core, n is the number of cores, l is the length of the conductor, ρ is the density of the core material (for copper it is 8.9 g/cm3 , for aluminum –2.7 g/cm3).
Copper weight table in KG cable
copper in various brands of cable products KG
Important! To calculate the content of conductive material in non-standard brand cable products, use an online service such as a copper cable calculator.
Cable voltage loss calculator
When designing power lines of long length, the choice of conductor according to the cross-section and material of the current-carrying cores is made not only on the basis of the power of the connected load, but also taking into account the voltage loss (∆U).
Formulas for calculating the voltage drop in a cable line
Initial data
A line 100 meters long is connected to a three-phase source (nominal voltage - 380 V, current - 16 A, shift angle - 180) of electric current using a power conductor of the VVGng brand 4x6 mm sq. with inductive and active resistances of 0.09 and 3.09 Ohm/km, respectively.
Calculation
According to the formula shown in the picture, the voltage drop will be equal to:
∆U = √3•I• (R•Сosȹ•L+X •Sinȹ•L) = 1.73•16•(3.09•0.95•0.1+0.09•(-0.75 ) •0.1)=27.68•0.287=7.93 V.
Thus, in this case, a voltage loss of 7.93 V or 2.09% of the nominal value is observed in the laid section.
Calculator for calculating cable cross-section by power and current
The algorithm for selecting the wiring cross-section based on load power includes the following steps:
- of the total power ( Ptotal ) of all electrical appliances connected via a conductor ( P1 – Pn) using the formula below:
Ptotal= P1+ P2+ P3+ Pn.
At the same time, for consumers such as electric motors and transformers, the reactive power given in the passport is converted into active power according to the following formula:
P = Q / cosφ.
- Search for values of simultaneity coefficients (K) and margin (J). In practical calculations, the K value is used equal to 0.8-0.85, J – 2.0.
- Calculation of the total active power ( P a ) taking into account correction factors K and J using the following formula:
Pa = Ptot• K• J.
- Select a conductor with the optimal cross-sectional area using the reference table (Fig. below).
Example No. 1
It is necessary to connect a group of electrical appliances with a total power of 5000 W to the three-phase input panel using a separate cable line laid in the wall.
On a note. The power of any electrical appliance can be found in its technical data sheet, instruction manual or on a special plate attached to its body.
The total active power of this group of devices, taking into account the simultaneity and reserve factors, will be equal to:
Pa = Ptot• K• J = 5000 • 0.8•2= 8,000 W or 8.0 kW.
For this power value, a copper conductor with a core cross-section of 2.5 mm square will be optimal.
Calculating the cross-section of a line based on the current supplied to it through a cable calculator has a procedure similar to the previous one:
- For each consumer, the current consumption is calculated using the formula I=P/U;
- The current values calculated for each device are summed up and multiplied by coefficients K and J;
- Using the reference table (Fig. below), a conductor is selected that has a cross-section capable of passing the design current.
Selecting the conductor cross-section based on the power and current of electrical appliances connected with it
Example No. 2
The total current strength of devices connected to a single-phase network is 15 A. Taking into account the coefficients K and J, it will be equal to 18 A. For laying such closed wiring and connecting devices with this total current value, a copper wire with a cross-section of 4.1 mm square is suitable.
Wires and Cables: Key Differences
The main differences between cable products and wires of various brands are their following features:
- High price;
- Greater thickness and strength of core insulation and outer sheath;
- Significant weight, increased rigidity;
- Use for laying high-voltage power lines.
Also, cable lines have additional protection from the effects of aggressive environmental factors.
GOST cable
The choice of brand of cable products by cross-section, material, and installation method is regulated by such regulatory documents as:
- GOST R 50571.5.52-2011;
- GOST 31947-2012;
- GOST 10348-80;
- GOST 7399-97;
- PEU-7.
The requirements of these documents need to be known not only to specialists involved in electrical installation work, but also to simple home craftsmen who independently install wiring in their houses and apartments.
Cable channel
Cable channels are electrical installation boxes used for laying lines of different voltage levels and purposes (from high-voltage power lines to cable communication channels). Depending on the material of manufacture, they can be metal or plastic.
The boxes are laid both on horizontal (floor, ceiling) and vertical (walls) surfaces. To protect the wiring placed in them from environmental influences, the channels are covered with special covers.
Cable diameter
This characteristic of cable products is measured by the outer sheath. The value of the diameter is influenced by such design features of the conductor as the thickness of the outer insulation, the number and cross-sectional area of the conductors. The outer diameter varies from 5-5.5 to 80-100 mm.
Thus, using both an online cable calculator and calculation of its weight and cross-section using the above methods, you can independently calculate the number and select the brand of wires (VVG, AVVG VBBShV, PVS, etc.) required to connect a cottage or country house home to the nearest power line.
Source: https://amperof.ru/elektromontazh/electroprivodka/ves-kabelya.html
Scrap electric motors, price per 1 kg of scrap and how to disassemble the engine
Sooner or later, the electric motor finally fails and must be scrapped. The difficulty lies in the fact that these products consist of heterogeneous quantities and assortments: copper, cast iron, electric steel. Therefore, it is irrational to directly hand over scrap electric motors to a collection point: some preparation is required.
Difficulties in disassembling an electric motor for scrap and solving the problem
We invite you to read the real story of our subscriber about his experience in extracting copper from scrap electric motor - Copper and electric motor AIRХМ132S6У3 .
Electric motors that are subject to scrapping differ in power, size and type, and, therefore, have different designs.
For example, based on their size, motors can be divided into small, with a power of up to 3 kW, medium, with a power of up to 10 kW, and larger. The design of AC and DC motors also differs.
Small electric motors
Electric motor 100kw
Many Vtorchermet bases offer their services for engine dismantling. However, with proper qualifications, such work can be done independently. Moreover, parts made from different metals and alloys can be sorted simultaneously. There are several cutting methods before scrapping an electric motor.
The simplest is considered to be opening the housing, separating the stator from the rotor, and then subsequently sorting the parts. For this purpose, mechanized separation can also be used, but in such situations it is ineffective, so many works are performed manually. In addition, it is impossible to remove aluminum and/or copper windings, and the majority of non-ferrous metals and special steels do not change their type at all.
For example, electrical steel plates remain in the insulation layer, and the shaft is often not removed.
We take out the copper (windings) from the stator of the electric motor:
How to disassemble an electric motor for scrap quickly and efficiently? The optimal solution is disassembly, during which the front part of the stator and rotor windings is cut off with a circular saw, and then the insulation is burned. After this, removing the copper wires is quite easy. Then the frontal part is fired, and the copper winding is pressed.
The recommended disassembly sequence is as follows:
- The cover is removed, all fasteners are loosened and removed;
- The back cover is dismantled and the shaft is removed;
- All connections are unsoldered, after which the winding is removed.
There was even a special machine invented for removing the stator winding of an electric motor - video:
All parts removed from the housing are sorted, after which the commutator and motor housing can be crushed using pneumatic hammers with chisel-shaped attachments. Copper-containing units are cut into fragments 150-200 mm long, and for better extraction of aluminum parts, you can heat the rotor to 6507000C and maintain it at this temperature for 1.52 hours: under such conditions, you can completely melt the aluminum rods from the rotor.
How to determine copper content in an electric motor
With the method described above for cutting non-ferrous metals, this problem does not arise at all. It is enough to simply estimate the mass of fragments of steel, cast iron, aluminum and copper components. Copper is cleaned from lighter materials using pneumatic cleaning when industrial vacuum cleaners are used. With their help, you can easily separate rubber, plastic, remaining insulation, etc.
Electric motor cross-section
To quantify the presence of copper, a spectroscopic sorting method using the laser emission phenomenon is used. A laser pulse is directed to the surface of a copper plate, and, reflecting from it, is perceived by a spectral sensor.
Based on the wavelength of the characteristic radiation, it determines the grade of copper and, consequently, its content in the fragment under study.
The method is only suitable when the copper-containing parts are clean, unpainted, and free of greasy surface contaminants.
It is more difficult to estimate the amount of copper in cable products. In large points where electric motors are accepted for scrap, cable products are sorted into the following groups:
- Wiring covered with a layer of insulation;
- Wiring covered with two layers of insulation.
In the second case, you inevitably have to remove the outer layer manually. Next, the copper wiring is cut into pieces of 150-200 mm, the wires are separated from the insulation, cleaned and weighed.
Copper in an electric motor
The approximate amount of copper in an electric motor can be estimated by its power using the data in the following table:
| N, kW | Up to 1 | Up to 2.5 | Up to 4 | To 10 | Up to 20 | Up to 30 | Up to 50 |
| m, kg | 1,52,0 | 2,53,5 | 3,54,0 | 5,08,0 | 1013 | 1420 | 2028 |
Electric motor scrap price
Prices for scrapping electric motors are approximately 20 rubles/kg - the average market price in Russia. This means that unassembled electric motors can be brought to the collection point - they are hung and charged 20 rubles/kg, which, in principle, is also not bad, because some even manage to sell electric motors as scrap ferrous metals, under category 3A.
Electric motors for scrap
The price for scrap electric motors may depend on: the number of motors, the amount of work that needs to be done to crush the electric motor housing and perform the separation of non-ferrous and ferrous metals.
If there are many engines, then it is more cost-effective to separate copper and cast iron (electric motor housing). To do this, you can hire a person who will chop the hulls with a sledgehammer, and another will extract copper. It all depends on the number of engines. If there are a lot of them, then the work may take several days, while wage costs will be scanty - 1500-2000 rubles per day, and the income received from copper and cast iron will ultimately more than cover all costs.
Electric motor scrap, the price of which is determined by the weight and power of the engine, as well as its design, is an important source of supply of raw materials of ferrous and non-ferrous metals to metallurgical mini-plants.
Calculation table for copper in electric motors:
| Electric motors 4A, 4AM weight, kg with number of pole pairs | ||||||||
| power, kWt | 2/3000 rpm | 4/1500 rpm | 6/1000 rpm | 8/750 rpm | ||||
| engine | copper, kg | engine | copper, kg | engine | copper, kg | engine | copper, kg | |
| 0,06 | 3,3/3 | 0,419/0,485 | ||||||
| 0,09 | 3,3/3 | 0,426/0,440 | 3,3/3 | 0,542/0,534 | ||||
| 0,12 | 3,3/3 | 0,542/0,534 | 4,5/4,3 | 0,50/0,48 | ||||
| 0,18 | 4,5/4,3 | 0,42/0,38 | 4,5/4,3 | 0,55/0,63 | 6,3/6,1 | 0,64/0,62 | ||
| 0,25 | 4,5/4,3 | 0,45/0,44 | 6,3/6,1 | 0,59/0,61 | 6,3/6,1 | 0,83/0,85 | 15,1/14 | 0,95 |
| 0,37 | 6,3/6,1 | 0,58/0,55 | 6,3/6,1 | 0,59/0,61 | 15,1/14 | 0,97 | 17,5/17,1 | 1,16 |
| 0,55 | 6,3/6,1 | 0,60/0,62 | 15,1/14 | 0,92/0,93 | 15,1/14 | 1,08/1,11 | 20,0/19,5 | 1,33/1,34 |
| 0,75 | 15,1/14 | 0,91/0,93 | 15,1/14 | 0,94/0,97 | 17,5/17,1 | 1,24/1,19 | 25,5 | 1,58/1,62 |
| 0,9 | 25,5 | 1,59/1,53 | ||||||
| 1,1 | 15,1/14 | 0,96/0,92 | 17,5/17,1 | 1,36/1,35 | 20,0/19,5 | 1,58/1,51 | 25,5 | 1,91/1,9 |
| 1,2 | 25,5 | 1,91/1,87 | ||||||
| 1,5 | 17,5/17,1 | 1,59/1,51 | 20,0/19,5 | 1,49/1,44 | 28,7/25,5 | 1,95/1,92 | 42,0/40,5 | 2,28/2,25 |
| 1,7 | 28,7/25,5 | 1,88/1,90 | 42,0/40,5 | 2,56/2,49 | ||||
| 2,2 | 20,0/19,5 | 1,82/1,74 | 28,7/25,5 | 1,92/1,87 | 42,0/40,5 | 2,28/2,25 | 56,0/54,0 | 3,04/3,16 |
| 2,4 | 28,7/25,5 | 1,92/1,93 | ||||||
| 3 | 28,7/25,5 | 2,51/2,6 | 36,0/36,4 | 2,80/2,95 | 56,0/54,0 | 3,05/2,99 | 56,0/54,0 | 3,45/3,65 |
| 3,5 | 28,7/25,5 | 2,50/2,42 | ||||||
| 4 | 36,0/36,4 | 3,76/3,64 | 42,0/40,5 | 2,81/2,95 | 56,0/54,0 | 3,42/3,42 | 77,0/72,0 | |
| 5,5 | 42,0/40,5 | 4,12/4,0 | 56,0/54,0 | 3,49/3,53 | 77,0/72,0 | 4,35/4,38 | 93,0/90,0 | |
| 7,5 | 56,0/54,0 | 4,79/4,71 | 77,0/72,0 | 5,44/5,20 | 93,0/90,0 | 4,94/5,07 | 135,0 | 7,3 |
| 11 | 93,0/90,0 | 93,0/90,0 | 6,09/6,26 | 135,0 | 7,9/8,1 | 160,0 | 8,4/8,5 | |
| 15 | 130,0 | 9,0/9,2 | 135,0 | 9,9/10,9 | 160,0 | 9,2/9,3 | 195,0 | 11,7/11,6 |
| 18,5 | 145,0 | 9,7/9,6 | 160,0 | 11,3/11,2 | 195,0 | 12,1/12,2 | 270,0 | 13,5/13,1 |
| 22 | 165,0 | 12,5/12,3 | 175,0 | 13,2 | 270,0 | 15,9/15,8 | 310/300 | 14,5 |
| 30 | 185,0 | 14,8/14,4 | 195,0 | 14,5/14,4 | 310/300 | 16,8/16,6 | 355 | 19,4/19,3 |
| 37 | 255/250 | 19,7/19,5 | 270 | 17,6/18,1 | 355 | 21,3/21,6 | 490 | 22,7/23,5 |
| 45 | 280/275 | 21,0/20,7 | 310/300 | 20,5/19,5 | 490 | 26,6 | 535 | 26,8/25,8 |
| 55 | 355/350 | 24,8/24,7 | 355 | 25,8/25,1 | 535 | 27,0/27,9 | 785 | |
| 75 | 470 | 33 | 490 | 39,6/38 | 785 | 835 | ||
| 90 | 510 | 34,8/35,0 | 535 | 43,8/40,0 | 835 | 875 |
Source: http://xlom.ru/vidy-metalloloma/lom-elektrodvigatelej/
Dimensions and weight of copper sheets
31.05.2017
Copper sheet is made from copper grades M1, M1R, M2, M2R, M3, M3R, which is confirmed by the requirements of GOST 495-92. The chemical composition of copper grades must comply with GOST 859.
Among the wide variety of similar products that are produced by many enterprises, the buyer needs to choose a model that is fully suitable for the intended purposes. At the same time the weight of the copper sheet and its strength indicators are not the same. Each metal alloy exhibits its own characteristics, which determine its service life and scope of application.
Determining the size and weight of copper sheet
The question of how much a copper sheet weighs is quite relevant, since not only the ease of transportation, but also the direction of its subsequent use largely depends on it. Copper sheet is produced within the framework of GOST requirements, which clearly states what weight a product of a given size should have.
When carrying out an individual order, the size of copper sheets may be non-standard. It all depends on the properties that the customer needs, as well as the place where the finished product will be used. In this case, the manufacturer may deviate from the weight standards.
It will change directly proportionally if the sheet size has non-standard parameters.
Copper sheets are produced in two main ways: hot-rolled and cold-rolled. The range of sheet thickness directly depends on the production method. Products produced by cold rolling will have a thickness of 0.4 to 12 mm. With the hot rolling method, thicknesses from 3 to 25 mm are achieved.
Buying copper sheets of the right size
The Metromet company offers its customers a large selection of rolled metal products of various purposes, thicknesses and sizes. We sell only high-quality products, including copper sheets of various sizes and thicknesses, from well-known domestic and foreign manufacturers. The price is set per kilogram of rental.
If you have any questions, you can contact us by phone, request a call back, or write to us by email. We are always happy to help every client.
Source: https://metromet.ru/stati/razmery-i-ves-mednykh-listov/
Copper: specific gravity, properties, applications and alloys
Copper is one of the very first metals mastered by man. In nature, it is found as large nuggets. Since time immemorial it has been used as an alloy with tin, called bronze, to make weapons, household items and jewelry. This active use of metal is explained by the ease of processing.
Physical and mechanical properties of copper
Copper is a red-pink metal with a golden tint, occupying 29th place in the table of chemical elements and having a density of 8.93 kg/m3. The specific gravity of copper is 8.93 g/cm3, the boiling point is 2657, and the melting point is 1083 degrees Celsius.
This metal has high ductility, softness and ductility. Having high viscosity, it is excellent for forging. Copper is a fairly heavy and durable metal. In its pure form, it conducts heat and electricity well (second only to silver).
Chemical properties of metal
Chemical characteristics, as well as mechanical, magnetic and physical properties such as ductility, viscosity, specific gravity of copper, are of current importance. The metal has low chemical activity. At low humidity and normal temperature it has high corrosion resistance. When heated, it oxidizes, forming oxides.
In a humid environment containing carbon dioxide, the copper surface becomes covered with a greenish film containing metal oxide and carbonate. Copper reacts with halogens to form salts at room temperature. Easily interacts with sulfur and selenium. It dissolves perfectly in nitric and heated concentrated sulfuric acid.
Without access to oxygen, it does not react with dilute sulfuric and hydrochloric acid.
The value of this value, contained in a special table, is 8.93*103 kg/m3. The specific gravity of copper is an equally important quantity characterizing the metal. It is, as already mentioned, 8.93 g/cm3.
It turns out that the values of the density and specific gravity parameters for a given metal coincide, which is not typical for other materials. The weight of the product made from it depends on the density of the material. To calculate the mass of a future part, specific gravity is usually used rather than density.
Specific gravity of metal
This value, like density, is an important indicator of various materials, which is determined using available tables. Based on the specific gravity of copper and its alloys, it is possible to advantageously select the appropriate metals for the manufacture of a product with the given parameters.
Such calculations are usually carried out at the design stage. Specific gravity as a physical quantity is calculated by the ratio of the weight of a substance to its volume. This quantity should not be confused with density, like mass with weight.
Knowing the specific gravity of copper or an alloy, you can always calculate the mass of a product made from this material.
Main copper alloys used in industry
According to the manufacturing process, copper alloys are divided into cast and wrought, and depending on the chemical composition - into bronze and brass. In the latter, the base is copper and zinc, and other elements can be added. Bronze is an alloy of copper (specific gravity 8.93 g/cm3) with other metals. The choice of alloying component depends on the specific use of the product.
Based on the content of the main component, copper casting is of the following types:
- Tin bronze. During production, hardening and aging are used to increase ductility and strength.
- Aluminum bronze. It has anti-corrosion properties and is perfectly deformable.
- Lead alloy. Has excellent anti-friction properties.
- Brass. May consist of two or more components.
- A copper-nickel alloy containing zinc. Its properties and appearance resemble cupronickel.
- An alloy of copper and iron. Its main difference is high porosity.
Specific gravity of electrical copper
This is how it turns out after purification from impurities. The smallest content of any metals in it significantly reduces its electrical conductivity. For example, a content of 0.02% aluminum reduces conductivity to 10%, despite the fact that this metal conducts electricity well. The most important characteristics of the material are:
- specific gravity of copper;
- electrical resistance;
- melting temperature.
For the needs of electrical engineering, technically pure metal is used, which contains from 0.02 to 0.04% oxygen, and products with high current conductivity are made from special, oxygen-free copper. For electrical products (transformer windings, wires, cable cores, electrical busbars) different types of metal are used.
The use of copper and its alloys in the national economy
High strength, specific gravity of copper, excellent electrical conductivity, good machinability - all this allows it to be used in many areas of production:
- Construction - goes well with brick, wood, glass, stone. Has a long service life and is not afraid of corrosion.
- Electrical – wires, cables, electrodes, buses.
- Chemical – produce parts for equipment and tools.
- Metallurgical – production of alloys. The most popular is brass. It is harder than copper, can be forged well, and has toughness. It is stamped into various shapes and rolled into thin sheets.
- Artistic – copper coinage, bronze statues.
- Household - used for making dishes, pipes.
Copper ores
Under natural conditions, copper is most often found in compounds, but it can also be found in the form of nuggets. Minerals that are its main sources include:
- Cuprite is an oxide group mineral.
- Malachite - known as an ornamental stone, contains copper carbonate. Russian malachite, a carbonated copper green, is very popular.
- Azurite is a blue mineral, often fused with malachite, and has high hardness.
- Copper pyrite and copper luster - contain copper sulfide.
- Covelline is a sulfide rock that was originally discovered near Vesuvius.
Copper ores are mined mainly by open-pit mining. They may contain 0.4-1.0% copper. In terms of its production, Chile is the world leader, followed by the United States of America, Russia, Canada, and Kazakhstan.
Source: https://FB.ru/article/373448/med-udelnyiy-ves-svoystva-primenenie-i-splavyi
copper in a cable, how to calculate the copper content in a cable, formula for copper content in a cable
12 February 2014 15:07
// Interesting things about the cable
Often used cables that are not suitable for installation are sold for non-ferrous scrap metal. In order to profitably hand over a used cable to a specialized organization, you need to know the copper content in the cable, since the calculation is per kg of copper extracted.
An electrical power cable is considered to be a high-quality scrap material because the copper in electrical cables has the least amount of impurities. In order to determine the copper content in the cable, you can use ready-made tables or calculate it yourself.
Formula for calculating copper content in cable
In order to calculate the copper content in any cable, you need to know the following parameters:
N-number of cores,
D-diameter of one core or S-section of the core,
p is the density of copper/aluminium, pcopper can be taken equal to 8900 kg/m3, aluminum can be taken as 2700 kg/m3
H - cable length,
Cook - cable twist coefficient,
So, if you know the cross-section of the copper core, then the formula for the copper content (M) in the cable will be as follows:
M=S*H*p*Kuk*N
If you don’t know the cross-section, it’s easier to measure the diameter of the cores and use this formula:
M=(π*D2*H*p*Kuk*N)/4
To correctly measure the diameter and, if necessary, calculate the cable cross-section, use our article “How to determine the cable cross-section by diameter?”
The twist coefficient (Kuk) is used for cables with multi-wire conductors, for cables where the conductors are twisted into pairs, quads, etc.
Twist factor is the ratio of the length of the twist element in a twisted cable product to the length of the product (GOST 15845-80)
For solid cores Kuk = 1, the twist factor for stranded cores can be found in RD 16.405-87 “Calculation of masses of cable products materials” (Table 6) or the newer standard STB 2194-2011 (Table 6-7) similar to the first. On our website you can download STB 2194-2011 by clicking on the link.
Example of calculating copper content in a cable
Let's say it is necessary to calculate the copper content in the KSPP 1x4x1.2 communication cable in the amount of 100 meters. We get:
D=1.2mm=0.0012m N=4 H=100 m
Kuk = 1.002 (according to STB 2194-2011, Table 7 for communication cables when twisting the cores into a quadruple)
Using the formula for copper content in the cable described above, we obtain:
M=(π*D2*H*p*Kuk*N)/4 = (3.14*0.00122*100*8900*1.002*4)/4 = 4.03 kg
In total, it turns out that the copper content in the KSPP 1x4x1.2 cable in the amount of 100 meters is 4.03 kg.
Source: https://kabel-s.ru/blog/interesnoe-o-kabele/soderzhanie-medi-v-kabele/
Metal weight table
The main characteristic affecting the weight of a metal is its density.
What does metal density mean?
The density of a metal refers to its weight per unit of occupied volume. Volume is often measured in cubic meters and cubic centimeters. What is the reason for such large, by earthly standards, weight and density? The density of a metal and its weight depend on how small the radius of the atom is and how large its weight is.
Density of metals table
| Metal | g/cm3 | kg/m3 | Metal | g/cm3 | kg/m3 |
| Lithium | 0,534 | 534 | Samarium | 7,536 | 7536 |
| Potassium | 0,87 | 870 | Iron | 7,87 | 7874 |
| Sodium | 0,968 | 9680 | Gadolinium | 7,895 | 7895 |
| Rubidium | 1,53 | 1530 | Terbium | 8,272 | 8272 |
| Calcium | 1,54 | 1540 | Dysprosium | 8,536 | 8536 |
| Magnesium | 1,74 | 1740 | Niobium | 8,57 | 8570 |
| Beryllium | 1,845 | 1845 | Cadmium | 8,65 | 8650 |
| Cesium | 1,873 | 1873 | Holmium | 8,803 | 8803 |
| Silicon | 2,33 | 2330 | Nickel | 8,9 | 8900 |
| Bor | 2,34 | 2340 | Cobalt | 8,9 | 8900 |
| Strontium | 2,6 | 2600 | Copper | 8,94 | 8940 |
| Aluminum | 2,7 | 2700 | Erbium | 9,051 | 9051 |
| Scandium | 2,99 | 2990 | Thulium | 9,332 | 9332 |
| Barium | 3,5 | 3500 | Bismuth | 9,8 | 9800 |
| Yttrium | 4,472 | 4472 | Lutetium | 9,842 | 9842 |
| Titanium | 4,54 | 4540 | Molybdenum | 10,22 | 10220 |
| Selenium | 4,79 | 4790 | Silver | 10,49 | 10490 |
| Europium | 5,259 | 5259 | Lead | 11,34 | 11340 |
| Germanium | 5,32 | 5320 | Thorium | 11,66 | 11660 |
| Arsenic | 5,727 | 5727 | Thallium | 11,85 | 11850 |
| Gallium | 5,907 | 5907 | Palladium | 12,02 | 12020 |
| Vanadium | 6,11 | 6110 | Ruthenium | 12,4 | 12400 |
| Lanthanum | 6,174 | 6174 | Rhodium | 12.44 | 12440 |
| Tellurium | 6,25 | 6250 | Hafnium | 13,29 | 13290 |
| Zirconium | 6,45 | 6450 | Mercury | 13,55 | 13550 |
| Cerium | 6,66 | 6660 | Tantalum | 16,6 | 16600 |
| Antimony | 6,68 | 6680 | Uranus | 19,07 | 19070 |
| Praseodymium | 6,782 | 6782 | Tungsten | 19,3 | 19300 |
| Ytterbium | 6,977 | 6977 | Gold | 19,32 | 19320 |
| Neodymium | 7,004 | 7004 | Plutonium | 19,84 | 19840 |
| Zinc | 7,13 | 7130 | Rhenium | 21,02 | 21020 |
| Chromium | 7,19 | 7190 | Platinum | 21,40 | 21400 |
| Tin | 7,3 | 7300 | Iridium | 22,42 | 22420 |
| Indium | 7,31 | 7310 | Osmium | 22,5 | 22500 |
| Manganese | 7,44 | 7440 |
The table shows that the specific gravity of a cube of metal varies greatly. The difference in weight between the heaviest and lightest metal is 42 times. Osmium, whose weight is 22500 kg per m3 and lithium, which has the lowest density, whose weight is 534 kg per m3. The metal that has the greatest density also has the greatest weight and it is osmium, as we already understood.
The average density among all metals is 11.5 g per cm3.
It is also noteworthy that there are metals whose density is less than water. There are several of them: lithium, potassium, sodium.
For reference, we can add that osmium is not only the heaviest, but also the rarest. It is mined at around 100 kg per year.
Density of precious metals
Precious metals usually include: silver, gold, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium. The density of which starts from 10.49 g cm3 (silver) and reaches 22.5 cm3 (osmium). You can check the weight of others in the table.
Alloy Density Table
| Alloy | g/cm3 | kg/m3 | Alloy | g/cm3 | kg/m3 |
| Duralumin | 2,75 | 2750 | Nichrome | 8,4 | 8400 |
| Gray cast iron | 7,1 | 7100 | Brass | 8,2-8,8 | 8200-8800 |
| White cast iron | 7,6-7,8 | 7600-7800 | Bronze | 7,5-9,1 | 7500-9100 |
| Steel | 7,8 | 7800 | Wood's alloy | 9,7 | 9700 |
Source: https://gauge.tk/ves-metalla-tablitsa/
How much does honey weigh: 1 liter = 1.43 kg
1 liter of honey weighs from 1.416 to 1.443 kg.
Why does this question arise: “How much does a liter of honey weigh?”, “How much does three liters of honey weigh?” and so on, “Is there a direct relationship between weight and quality?” If you look at it from the point of view of the physics of things, this is a fairly simple question and any beekeeper, or just any honey lover, can answer based on the table below. The main thing is to understand the relationship: “The higher the specific gravity, the lower the water content in honey.”
Honey weight and quality
The less water, the better the honey: 1 liter of flower honey weighs at least 1.416 kg.
Now let's move on to the standards: the conversion factor of a liter of natural flower honey into weight can range from 1.416 to 1.443.
The table shows data showing the relationship between specific gravity and water content of honey.
| Weight of 1 liter of honey (in kg) | moisture (in%) | Weight of 1 liter of honey (in kg) | moisture (in%) |
| 1,443 | 16 | 1,409 | 21 |
| 1,436 | 17 | 1,402 | 22 |
| 1,429 | 18 | 1,395 | 23 |
| 1,422 | 19 | 1,388 | 24 |
| 1,416 | 20 | 1,381 | 25 |
GOST, which is in force in our country, allows the water content in honey to be no more than 20%. Depending on the variety, for example in sunflower honey, the water content should not exceed 18%.
How much does three liters of honey weigh?
Before answering the question “ How much does three liters of honey weigh?” "We want to start with a big misconception:
- Firstly, this is not the fault of the buyer, but of the would-be writers on the Internet, who for the most part understand nothing about honey or the physics of things (you will never see this in professional literature).
- Secondly, the coefficient for converting volume into weight of high-quality natural flower honey has long been established and does not depend on the opinion of these authors.
Now, after this preamble, we take a calculator and multiply 1.429 (average) * 3 and we get that three liters of honey weighs 4.29 kg. If you have read this article to this point, then now you understand if you are asked the question: “ How much does 3 liters of honey weigh? " they answer 4.5 kg - you can safely give the correct answer with a smile.
Why the question “how much does honey weigh?” this is often asked
The main reason why every buyer should know how much honey weighs is so that he is not deceived by dishonest sellers:
- firstly - the weight of the container - they are trying to sell you a container based on the price of honey - since 90% of all sales occur precisely by weight (but this type of deception does not occur so often).
- secondly - the quality of honey. Example: if you pour 3.1 liters of honey with unacceptable moisture in the amount of 25% into a three-liter jar (not mature honey - it may ferment during storage or heat-treated honey) with a coefficient of 1.38 - you will get a mass of 4.278 kg, now divide by 3 liters and you will get a coefficient of 1.426 - which corresponds to high-quality mature natural honey.
Now think about how much three liters of honey weighs when poured into a three-liter jar. Our answer is that we don’t know, since in a three-liter jar there is no clear mark where three liters of honey are, and a change in volume of only 0.1 liters (3%) gives a fundamental change in understanding the quality of honey!!!
Giving recommendations during the purchasing process by eye on how much 3 liters of honey weighs is a thankless task and very easy to make a mistake.
Source: http://apipedia.ru/skolko-vesit-myod/
Specific density of copper, its specific gravity and basic properties of the metal
People have been using copper in everyday life since ancient times. A very important parameter for modern people is its density and specific gravity.
These data are used in calculating the composition of materials in the production of various communications, parts, products and components in the technical industry.
Copper is the most common non-ferrous metal. It received its name in Latin - Cuprum - in honor of the island of Cyprus. It was mined there by the ancient Greeks thousands of years ago. Historians even came up with the Copper Age , which lasted from the 4th to 5th centuries BC. e. At that time, people made from popular metal:
- weapon;
- dishes;
- decorations;
- coins.
In the table D.I. Mendeleev, it ranks 29th. This element has unique properties - physical, chemical and mechanical. In ancient times, copper could be found in the natural environment in the form of nuggets, sometimes of very large sizes. People heated the rock over an open fire and then cooled it sharply. As a result, it cracked, which made it possible to restore the metal. This simple technology made it possible to begin the development of a popular element.
Properties
Copper is a non-ferrous metal of a reddish color with a pink tint , endowed with high density. There are more than 170 types of minerals in nature that contain Cuprum. Only 17 of them undergo industrial mining of this element. The bulk of this chemical element is contained in ore metals:
- chalcocine - up to 80%;
- bronitite - up to 65%;
- Kovelin - up to 64%.
From these minerals copper is enriched and smelted. High thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are the distinctive properties of non-ferrous metal. It begins to melt at a temperature of 1063°C and boils at 2600°C. The brand of Cuprum will depend on the method of production. Metal happens:
- cold drawn;
- rental;
- cast.
Each type has its own special parametric calculations that characterize the degree of shear resistance, deformation under the influence of loads and compression, as well as the tensile elasticity of the material.
Non-ferrous metal actively oxidizes during heating. At a temperature of 385°C, copper oxide is formed. Its content reduces the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of other metals. When interacting with moisture, the metal forms cuprite, and with an acidic environment - vitriol.
Copper Specific Gravity
Due to its properties, this chemical element is actively used in the production of electrical and electronic systems and many other products for other purposes. The most important property is its density of 1 kg per m3 , since this indicator is used to determine the weight of the product being manufactured. Density shows the ratio of mass to total volume.
The most common system for measuring density units is 1 kilogram per m3. This figure for copper is 8.93 kg/m3. In liquid form, the density will be 8.0 g/cm3.
The overall density may vary depending on the type of metal that has various impurities. For this purpose, the specific gravity of the substance is used. It is a very important characteristic when it comes to the production of materials that contain copper.
Specific gravity characterizes the ratio of the mass of copper in the total volume of the alloy.
The specific gravity of copper will be 8.94 g/cm3 . The specific density and weight parameters of copper are the same, but such a coincidence is not typical for other metals. Specific gravity is very important not only in the production of products containing it, but also in the processing of scrap. There are many techniques that can be used to rationally select materials for forming products. In international SI systems, the specific gravity parameter is expressed in newtons per 1 unit of volume.
It is very important to carry out all calculations at the design stage of devices and mechanisms. Specific gravity and weight are different values, but they are necessarily used to determine the mass of blanks for various parts that contain Cuprum.
If we compare the density of copper and aluminum , we see a big difference. For aluminum, this figure is 2698.72 kg/m3 at room temperature. However, as the temperature increases, the parameters become different. When aluminum transforms into a liquid state when heated, its density will be in the range of 2.55−2.34 g/cm3. The indicator always depends on the content of alloying elements in aluminum alloys.
The most common copper-based alloys are brass and bronze . Their composition is also formed from other elements:
- zinc;
- nickel;
- tin;
- bismuth.
All alloys differ in structure. The presence of tin in the composition allows the production of bronze alloys of excellent quality. Cheaper alloys include nickel or zinc. The produced materials based on Cuprum have the following characteristics:
- high ductility and wear resistance;
- electrical conductivity;
- resistance to aggressive environments;
- low coefficient of friction.
Copper-based alloys are widely used in industrial production. They are used to produce dishes, jewelry, electrical wires and heating systems. Materials with Cuprum are often used to decorate the façade of houses and make compositions. High stability and ductility are the main qualities for the use of the material.
Source: https://tokar.guru/metally/udelnaya-plotnost-i-udelnyy-ves-medi.html
Copper price
Copper is the first metal that humanity began to use to solve technical problems. The emergence of cultural civilizations and new technologies is associated with it. Reserves in the bowels of the earth are running out and the price of scrap copper per 1 kg today (2020) tends to increase.
“Copper” is translated from Latin as Cuprum, which means the name of the island of Cyprus located in the Mediterranean Sea. At the end of the 3rd century BC. Roman troops captured this territory, where they subsequently discovered copper ore in huge quantities. What kind of chemical element this is, why it is in such great demand in production, what the price is - all this is discussed below.
Copper scrap price per 1 kg
The cost per kilogram of copper today in Moscow and other regions of Russia is approximately at the same level. The price is determined depending on the exchange rate of copper ore on international exchanges. When buying and selling, you should focus on these numbers in order to have a correct idea of the cost of the metal. Please also note that the chemical composition of the ore corresponds to grade 3 scrap: 80% pure copper, the rest impurities.
Estimated price of copper scrap at the beginning of 2020 (prices are given in rubles per kilogram):
- Scrap A1-1 (pure metal) - 330.
- Scrap A1-2 (burnt wire) - 310.
- Scrap A1-3 (insulated wire) - 290.
- Scrap A2-2 (radiators) – 280.
- Scrap B-1-2 (chips) - 260.
Prices are taken from collection points for non-ferrous scrap metal in Moscow.
If you look at the dynamics of copper prices over the past 2 years on the London Non-ferrous Alloys Exchange, you can see that the cost of the metal is constantly increasing.
Data for the last 24 hours
Dynamics of copper prices over the past 5 years:
This happens for the following reasons:
- Copper ore deposits are being depleted.
- Complication of technologies for their extraction.
Copper ore, according to experts, will be used up in 80-100 years. More and more deposits remain with a pure metal content of 1-5%. At the same time, demand continues to grow. At the same time, equipment prices are rising. This happens due to the fact that production from such “depleted” deposits requires higher capacities. All this leads to such high copper prices.
Chemical composition and properties
Copper is a red metal, and when broken it is pinkish in color. Resistant to corrosion under normal atmospheric conditions and in water. Susceptible to destruction in the environment of sulfur dioxide and ammonia. In a humid atmosphere with a high percentage of carbon dioxide, a green film forms on the copper surface. It is based on copper carbides and hydrides, which protect the material from further destruction.
Copper grades depend on its purity and have the following designations:
- M00 (99.99% Cu),
- M0 (99.95% Cu),
- M1 (99.90% Cu),
- M2 (99.70% Cu),
- M3 (99.50% Cu),
- M4 (99.00% Cu).
Impurities significantly affect its properties and are divided into the following groups:
- Bismuth and lead reduce the ductility of the metal, making it more cold-brittle.
- Sulfur and oxygen form brittle phase structures, worsening strength characteristics.
- Nickel, iron, phosphorus, antimony, zinc, etc. form solid solutions with copper. These compounds sharply reduce electrical conductivity, but at the same time improve the mechanical properties of copper.
Looking ahead, we note that copper prices also strongly depend on the percentage of impurities.
Physical and mechanical properties
Pure copper can be processed well by pressure and is difficult to cut due to its high viscosity coefficient. Thermal conductivity within the temperature range of 20-90 ºС is 392 W/m K. Electrical conductivity is 56 μsm/m, which is the second value (after silver) among all currently known metals. Resistivity - 0.018 µOhm m. Has low casting properties.
Melts at 1080 ºС. Density - 8920 kg/m3. The tensile strength is 24 kg/mm2, which is approximately 3 times less than that of ordinary quality steel. Strength can be increased to 42 kg/mm2 by cold deformation (for example, work hardening). Heat treatment does not change the properties of copper in any way. The metal is also completely diamagnetic.
Application
All of the above characteristics of copper allow it to be widely used in various industries. Depending on the grade of the material, or rather its purity, the following areas of application are distinguished:
- In electrical engineering, copper M0 and M1 are used to make electrical conductors. The main importance here is electrical conductivity, which is greatly reduced in the presence of impurities. Thus, the introduction of 0.01% aluminum into the composition increases the resistivity value by 5-10%. Windings of magnetic coils, rotors and stators of electric motors, transformers, magnetic starters - this is an incomplete list of products using copper.
- High thermal conductivity allows the metal to be used in heating engineering to solve technical problems related to heat transfer. Copper is widely used for the manufacture of equipment such as radiators, air conditioners, coolers for cooling microprocessors, etc.
- Copper pipes are in good demand in areas where it is necessary to transport liquid and gas substances. This happens due to the fact that with an elastic modulus E = 11500 kg/mm2, which, by the way, is 1.5 times greater than that of steel, the material has high tensile strength. All this reduces the chance of cracks forming on the surface of the pipes to zero. For this reason, in Japan, houses in regions with high seismic activity for water supply are equipped with them (despite the high prices of pipes). Corrosion resistance to aggressive environments and spark safety make it possible to transport flammable liquids with copper pipes: gasoline, kerosene, nephras, etc.
- Consumables for gas welding and cutting of cast iron. It is an important component of solders.
- In construction it is used to make roofing tiles.
- In electroplating, parts are coated with copper to give them anti-corrosion properties and increase wear resistance. Copper plating also makes the soldering process easier.
- It began to be used in medicine after the discovery of the bactericidal properties of copper in 2008. In medical institutions, door handles, faucets and other surfaces that a person comes into contact with with an open hand are made from them.
- Copper alloys are widely used in mechanical engineering due to their low antifriction properties, ductility, and resistance to aggressive environments. Wear resistance and strength are highly dependent on the chemical composition of the copper alloy. There are a huge number of their varieties, but among them 3 groups can be distinguished: brass, bronze, copper-nickel alloys (nickel silver). Brass is widely used as a material for the manufacture of pipeline fittings: ball valves, nipples, union nuts, etc. Bronze is used in sliding pairs: sleeves of sliding bearings, worm wheels, etc. Cupronickel is widely used in shipbuilding. It is used to make parts that are exposed to aggressive sea water.
Types of copper waste
Copper scrap is divided into categories in accordance with GOST 1639-93. The main difference is the difference in the amount of impurities in the metal, i.e. its purity. Metal receivers, based on the above document, distinguish 4 groups of scrap (prices for them, accordingly, are also different):
- Pure grades M0 and M1. This includes all types of electrical copper. The scrap has a characteristic shine. There is no paper or fiberglass insulation or contamination from paint and varnish coatings. There are no traces of soldering or cracks on the surface. Cable bars and wires, windings of transformers, electric motors and other power plants are examples of this type of scrap. Prices for this group are higher than others.
- The impurity is 5%. This includes lump and collector copper, baked wire, oil filmed conductors, terminals, etc.
- Scrap with 80% pure metal content: bundles of wires with rubber insulation, paint and varnish coating, half-tied and soldered.
- The presence of copper up to 30%: shavings, radiators, etc. There are two types of shavings depending on the mechanical processing: twisted and loose. By itself, it has high purity, but during technological operations it becomes clogged with oil, dirt, and ferrous metal waste. As a result, after remelting the output is a low percentage of the required product.
When handing over copper scrap, other important parameters are shape, size, and weight. All of the above ultimately determines the cost of a specific batch of scrap.
Source: https://prompriem.ru/stati/medi-cena.html
How much does a kilogram of copper weigh?
- Scrap metal removal
- Dismantling of scrap metal
- Copper 5,926.00
- Aluminum 1,798.85
- Iron ore 112.02
- Nickel 14,357.50
- Tin 17,262.50
- Lead 1,981.00
- Zinc 2,441.35
- Aluminum 1750.15
- Lead 2357.00
- Iron ore 1234.3
- Copper 34456.342
- Nickel 1750.15
- Zinc 2357.00
- Tin 1234.3
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Cable calculator
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On this page you can find out the approximate amount of copper or aluminum contained in the cable. To do this, you need to know the number of cores, their cross-sectional area or diameter, as well as the length of the cable.
Please note that the calculations obtained as a result of entering data into the table are for informational purposes only and may differ significantly from the final value. This calculator provides theoretical data, which usually differs from actual data.
This may happen for the following reasons:
1. You entered incorrect cable data (number of cores, cross-section or cable length)
2. In cable production there are certain tolerances for underestimating the cross-section of the cores. Many unscrupulous manufacturers often abuse this in order to reduce cable production costs. As a rule, cables with large cross-sections differ from theory by 5-10%. There are some manufacturers selling cable or wire with a cross-section of 0.5-2.5 mm2 with a copper content reduced by 20-30%.
3. The price of copper or aluminum in the cable used in this table is taken from the price table for large cross-section power cable.
Read also: Density of aluminum in kilograms per cubic meter
Cable weight calculator #1
Determining the approximate cost of a cable for scrap metal based on its technical parameters (cable brand, cross-section and number of cores)
- 1 Cut a small piece of cable as shown in the picture
- 2 Using a caliper, measure the diameter of one core and enter the value in “mm” (millimeters) in the “Conductor Thickness” line.
- 3 Count the number of individual cores in the “bundle” and enter the value in the “Number of cores” line
- 4 Enter the cable length in meters in the “Enter cable length” line (the more accurately you specify this parameter, the more accurately we can calculate the metal content)
All calculations on this site are not a public offer
Cable weight calculator #2
Determining the approximate price of a cable based on the percentage of metal content in the cable
- 1 Weigh a piece of cable on a high-precision scale and enter the value in window No. 1
- 2 Remove the insulation from the cable, freeing it from the PVC sheath and armor.
- 3 Weigh the pure metal (in this case aluminum) and enter the value in window No. 2
- 4 In window No. 3, enter the approximate amount of uncleaned cable in kilograms
- 4 So we get the approximate amount that you will receive after handing over the cable.
All calculations on this site are not a public offer
How to calculate the weight of copper and aluminum in a cable or wire?
Formula for calculating the weight of copper, aluminum in kg per 1 km of cable or wire length:
copper density = 8.9
aluminum density = 2.7
For example: Weight of copper in 1 km of cable VVG 3x1.5 = 3*1.5*8.9 = 40.05 kg per 1 km.
Specific gravity of metals in kilograms and tons.
MetalWeight of a cube (cubic meter), kg. Weight of a cube (cubic meter), t.| Aluminum | 2689 | 2,689 |
| Tungsten | 19350 | 19,35 |
| Graphite | 1900-2300 | 1,9-2,3 |
| Iron | 7874 | 7,874 |
| Gold | 19320 | 19,32 |
| Potassium | 862 | 0,862 |
| Calcium | 1550 | 1,55 |
| Cobalt | 8900 | 8,90 |
| Lithium | 534 | 0,534 |
| Magnesium | 1738 | 1,738 |
| Copper | 8960 | 8,96 |
| Sodium | 971 | 0,971 |
| Nickel | 8910 | 8,91 |
| Tin (white) | 7290 | 7,29 |
| Platinum | 21450 | 21,45 |
| Plutonium | 19250 | 19,25 |
| Lead | 11336 | 11,336 |
| Silver | 10500 | 10,50 |
| Titanium | 4505 | 4,505 |
| Uranus | 19040 | 19,04 |
| Chromium | 7180 | 7,18 |
| Cesium | 1873 | 1,873 |
| Zirconium | 6450 | 6,45 |
Read also: How to cut a circle from plywood without a jigsaw
Specific gravity of alloys in kilograms and tons.
Source: https://morflot.su/skolko-vesit-kilogramm-medi/
Density and specific gravity of copper - units of measurement, weight calculation
The density of copper (pure), the surface of which has a reddish tint and a pinkish tint at the fracture, is high. Accordingly, this metal also has a significant specific gravity.
Due to its unique properties, primarily excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, copper is actively used for the production of elements of electronic and electrical systems, as well as products for other purposes.
In addition to pure copper, its minerals are also of great importance for many industries. Despite the fact that there are more than 170 types of such minerals in nature, only 17 of them have found active use.
Copper is widely used in manufacturing
Copper density value
The density of this metal, which can be viewed in a special table, has a value equal to 8.93 * 103 kg/m3. Also in the table you can see another characteristic of copper, no less important than density: its specific gravity, which is also 8.93, but measured in grams per cm3. As you can see, for copper the value of this parameter coincides with the density value, but do not think that this is typical for all metals.
The density of this, and any other metal, measured in kg/m3, directly affects the mass of products made from this material. But to determine the mass of a future product made of copper or its alloys, for example, brass, it is more convenient to use the value of their specific gravity rather than density.
Specific Gravity Calculation
Today, many methods and algorithms have been developed for measuring and calculating not only density, but also specific gravity, which make it possible to determine this important parameter even without the help of tables.
Knowing the specific gravity, which differs between different alloys of copper and pure metal, as well as the density value, you can effectively select materials for the production of parts with given parameters.
It is very important to carry out such measures at the design stage of devices in which it is planned to use parts made of copper and its alloys.
Specific gravity, the value of which (as well as density) can be seen in the table, is the ratio of the weight of a product made either from metal or from any other homogeneous material to its volume. This relationship is expressed by the formula γ = P/V, where the letter γ denotes specific gravity.
Specific gravity and density, which are inherently different characteristics of a metal, should not be confused, although they have the same meaning for copper.
Knowing the specific gravity of copper and using the formula for calculating this value γ = P/V, you can determine the mass of a copper billet having a different cross-section. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the specific gravity value for copper and the volume of the workpiece in question, which is not particularly difficult to determine by calculation.
Units of specific gravity
Different units are used to express the specific gravity of copper in different measurement systems.
- In the GHS system, this parameter is measured in 1 dyne/cm3.
- The SI system uses a unit of measurement of 1 n/m3.
- The MKSS system uses a unit of measurement of 1 kg/m3.
If you are faced with different units of measurement for this parameter of copper or its alloys, then it is not difficult to convert them into each other. To do this, you can use a simple conversion formula, which looks like this: 0.1 dyne/cm3 = 1 n/m3 = 0.102 kg/m3.
Copper ore before processing
Calculate weight using specific gravity value
To calculate the weight of the workpiece, you need to determine its cross-sectional area, and then multiply it by the length of the part and by the specific gravity.
Example 1:
Let's calculate the weight of a rod made of copper-nickel alloy MNZH5-1, the diameter of which is 30 millimeters and the length is 50 meters.
Let's calculate the cross-sectional area using the formula S=πR2, therefore: S = 3.1415 152 = 706.84 mm2 = 7.068 cm2
Knowing the specific gravity of the copper-nickel alloy MNZH5-1, which is 8.7 g/cm3, we obtain: M = 7.068 8.7 5000 = 307458 grams = 307.458 kg
Example 2
Let's calculate the weight of 28 sheets of copper alloy M2, the thickness of which is 6 mm and the dimensions are 1500x2000 mm.
The volume of one sheet will be: V = 6 1500 2000 = 18000000 mm3 = 18000 cm3
Now, knowing that the specific gravity of 1 cm3 of M3 copper is 8.94 g/cm3, we can find out the weight of one sheet: M = 8.94 18000 = 160920 g = 160.92 kg
The mass of all 28 rolled sheets will be: M = 160.92 · 28 = 4505.76 kg
Example 3:
Let's calculate the weight of a square rod made of BrNHK copper alloy with a length of 8 meters and a side size of 30 mm.
Let us determine the volume of all rolled products: V = 3 3 800 = 7200 cm3
The specific gravity of the specified heat-resistant alloy is 8.85 g/cm3, therefore the total weight of the rolled product will be: M = 7200 · 8.85 = 63720 grams = 63.72 kg
Source: http://met-all.org/cvetmet-splavy/med/plotnost-i-udelnyj-ves-medi.html
Reception of scrap metal in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region
On this page you can find out the approximate amount of copper or aluminum contained in the cable. To do this, you need to know the number of cores, their cross-sectional area or diameter, as well as the length of the cable.
Please note that the calculations obtained as a result of entering data into the table are for informational purposes only and may differ significantly from the final value. This calculator provides theoretical data, which usually differs from actual data.
This may happen for the following reasons:
1. You entered incorrect cable data (number of cores, cross-section or cable length)
2. In cable production there are certain tolerances for underestimating the cross-section of the cores. Many unscrupulous manufacturers often abuse this in order to reduce cable production costs. As a rule, cables with large cross-sections differ from theory by 5-10%. There are some manufacturers selling cable or wire with a cross-section of 0.5-2.5 mm2 with a copper content reduced by 20-30%.
3. The price of copper or aluminum in the cable used in this table is taken from the price table for large cross-section power cable.
