How to solder copper with a gas torch

How to solder copper pipes

Among products made from non-ferrous metals, a special place is occupied by copper pipes, which are not afraid of corrosion and perfectly withstand aggressive environments. With their help, you can solve specific problems that are beyond the power of any other material. High responsibility is placed on the quality of the connection of products of this type with each other, for which several technologies are used.

Areas of use

Most often, copper pipes are used for gas transportation and as water pipes. The production of gas equipment, brake and hydraulic systems, car air conditioners and heat exchangers cannot be imagined without copper pipe rolling.

The fact that copper pipes can be reliably joined without welding makes them an attractive option for creating transport routes for viscous flammable media. However, we are not just talking about household systems. For example, fuel lines for cars are often made from copper.

Copper is very convenient for arranging water pipes, as it is not afraid of corrosion with constant contact with moisture. Such systems are characterized by a significant service life, without the need for repair measures.

It should also be noted that copper pipes are resistant to increased pressure (up to 230 atm) compared to products made of plastic or steel. Their ability to tolerate freezing well is especially valued. The products tolerate chlorine well and have antiseptic properties.

Connection methods

To connect copper pipes to each other, several methods can be used, depending on the location of the work and the requirements for the pipeline (it can be monolithic or collapsible).

Connection installation options:

Welding of copper pipes is carried out using graphite, tungsten, copper or carbon electrodes. To organize appropriate conditions, the presence of nitrogen, argon or helium will be required. The work is carried out using a DC welding machine or a special torch.

This method has one serious drawback, which is the significant difference in the characteristics of the welding joint and the pipe material. This applies to both the chemical composition and molecular structure, as well as the ability to conduct electricity and heat.

This work should only be entrusted to a qualified specialist, since any mistake can lead to seam divergence.

Instead of welding, which is quite difficult to implement, under normal conditions, soldering of copper pipes is practiced. For this, a gas burner or blowtorch is used. There is low-temperature and high-temperature soldering, which differ in the type of solder and implementation mode.

Press couplings and crimp fittings are also used to create a permanent connection of copper pipes. The solder here is replaced by an adapter ring.

In the first case, special pliers are used for crimping; in the second, union nuts are used (they are clamped with a wrench). When tightening the nuts, it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the copper tubes meet each other.

By grinding the metal, a tight and durable connection is achieved. If you put the coupling on correctly, the connection will not leak for a long time.

More about capillary soldering

Most often, in domestic conditions, copper pipelines are organized using capillary soldering. The essence of this method is the so-called capillary effect, which provides for the possibility of raising liquid (liquid solder) using adhesion. The main condition is that the wetted walls are separated by a short distance.

The organization of a connecting point for copper pipes in domestic conditions is carried out using special fittings for soldering or bell-shaped thickenings. The socket method is considered more reliable, since in this case we are talking about creating only one joint. Based on this, if possible, it is recommended to use socket connections instead of fittings.

The procedure for preparing sockets

Pipe cutting to size is carried out using a rolling pipe cutter. It is important to achieve strict perpendicularity of the end cuts relative to the central axis.

Next, chamfer both ends. To do this, you will need a special device - a chamfer remover. Further cleaning of the internal and external surfaces of the connected pipes is carried out with a copper brush.

Having inserted one of the pipe sections into a vice, it is flared in order to achieve free immersion of the second section into it. For this purpose, a special pipe expander of the appropriate diameter is used.

The result of flaring is the arrangement of a socket at one end of the copper pipe. Testing the level of its readiness during the procedure is carried out by periodically immersing the other, smooth end.

Soldering machine application

In addition to the already mentioned pipe cutter, chamfer and pipe expander, some other tools will be required to solder copper pipes. First of all, we are talking about a soldering iron. Thanks to this device, a high-temperature zone is created in the joined area for heating the pipes and solder.

As a rule, the function of a soldering iron is performed by a special gas burner.

For procedures where soft solder is used, a compact hand-held device powered by propane is quite suitable. As a rule, such devices are equipped with disposable gas cylinders attached to the handle. Despite their small dimensions, burners of this type are capable of providing heating up to +1100 degrees: this is quite enough for working with soft solder. When purchasing, it is recommended to choose models with piezo ignition, which significantly simplifies soldering.

Manual gas burner holders are equipped with an adjustment valve that allows you to adjust the flame length. The same valve allows you to stop the gas supply at the end of work. The purpose of the check valve is to shut off the fuel supply if the flame goes out.

Other required materials

Solder is sold in rods or wire with a lower melting point compared to copper. This makes it possible to connect copper pipes using the melting method.

For soldering you will need a steel bristle brush. With its help, pipes and fittings are cleaned for subsequent connection. The brush can be replaced with fine-grained sandpaper.

You cannot do without soldering flux and a brush (to apply the flux). You will also need a fireproof gasket, a hammer, a vice, and a tape measure.

Fluxes and solders

Good switching quality can be achieved with both soft and hard solders for copper pipes.

When using low-temperature materials, the strength of the connecting seams is somewhat reduced, but the temperature regime used does not violate the integrity of the copper. Typically, these solders are 95% tin. Substances containing a certain proportion of silver are especially in demand.

High-temperature soldering is carried out using solid copper-phosphorus solder (the proportion of phosphorus is approximately 6%), sold in the form of rods.

Flux refers to a special composition in the form of a liquid or paste, due to which the molten material flows into the joint. This is achieved by improving the adhesion of the solder to the pipe and creating protection for the connecting seam from the penetration of air bubbles into it. In this case, the use of any flux for copper is permitted. They are usually made from zinc chloride or borax.

Features of working with soft solder

Using the low-temperature method, they install water pipes and heating systems, as well as solder pipes for air conditioners and refrigerators, the ambient temperature of which does not exceed +130 degrees. In this way, you can connect pipes with a cross-section of no more than 10 cm. As work progresses, copper products are rolled, cleaned, treated with flux and inserted into each other. The connecting section must be heated to +200-250 degrees, followed by applying solder to the joining edges.

When using a burner, it is important not to overdo it, as its temperature sometimes rises to +1000 degrees. Therefore, it is recommended to heat the bonded surfaces in series of 15-20 seconds, constantly moving the flame.

The guideline for the heating level is usually the color of the flux (it should darken). Next, soft solder is introduced into the working area: upon contact with the copper base, tin melts and flows along the flux into the seam.

It is necessary to ensure that the space from the socket to the pipe is completely filled with heated material.

Working with hard solder

It is recommended to solder copper communications with hard solder in cases where they are planned to be used for operation at temperatures exceeding +110 degrees. In this case, the gas-flame method is suitable for creating temperatures above 00 degrees. In this case, it is necessary to anneal the copper to soften it.

Thanks to the use of copper-phosphorus solder, flux can be omitted: the main thing is to achieve uniform heating of the switched edges. As for the stages of work, they are the same as when working with soft solder.

What to pay attention to

When soldering copper pipes with your own hands, you should remember the typical mistakes made by novice craftsmen:

• weak heating of the pipe or solder. The result of this will be a lack of softening of the solder wire, causing it to stick to the flux only in fragments. The very first switching on of the pipeline may cause the seam to spread;
• insufficient flux application. You need to spread the paste very carefully, without leaving any gaps. Otherwise, the solder will either not stick at all, or will fall off after hardening;
• pipe overheating. This leads to flux burnout.

When soldering at home, you must carefully follow safety rules, since we are talking about the use of open flames and chemicals. You need to work in glasses, gloves and an apron. It is advisable that the workplace be equipped with a good exhaust hood.

Source: https://svaring.com/soldering/praktika/pajka-mednyh-trub

Step-by-step instructions for soldering copper tubes with a gas torch

The characteristics of copper are ideal for use as lines for heating, air conditioning and water supply systems. The relatively high cost is compensated by high performance parameters and a long service life. During installation, soldering of copper pipes with a gas torch is most often used. Let's consider the main features of this method and the nuances of the technological process.

Features of the technological process

The technology for soldering copper with a gas torch largely depends on the parameters of the filler material. Depending on the solder, there are two connection methods:

1. Low temperature . Used when working with low-melting grades of solders. With their help, they install home water supply and repair pipes of automobile gas cylinder installations. Soldering temperature does not exceed 400 Cº. Connections made using soft solder are prohibited from operating at temperatures above 110 Cº. The technology is not particularly complicated, so if you have the appropriate skills, you can do the soldering yourself.
2. High temperature . Hard grades of filler materials are used in the most critical jobs, so they are most often used in mass production. In addition, this method is used when welding air conditioner pipes. They are made from an alloy containing at least 90% copper and additional additives, including silver. Soldering temperature varies between 700-900 Cº.

Equipment

To gas solder copper products, you will need the following tools and materials:

1. pipe cutter;
2. chamfer;
3. hole expander;
4. sandpaper;
5. gas-burner;
6. flux;
7. solder;
8. Set of brushes and cleaners.

Selection and temperature parameters of gas burners

Torches for soldering copper pipes are the main working tool with which they heat the connected sections of pipelines and melt the solder. Power and temperature parameters depend on the type of connection and filler material used. For the simplest work, you can use conventional devices equipped with permanent cylinders with a flammable mixture of propane.

Let's look at the most common types of burners.

Types

When choosing a burner, you first need to pay attention to the type of power supply. The following types are distinguished:

• Compact disposable cylinder with propane mixture;
• Stationary cylinder with a set of connecting hoses and reducers for working with propane-oxygen composition;
• Power supply system with acetylene-oxygen mixture.

The flame adjustment mechanism is an important part of the device. By controlling the temperature you can work with all types of solders.

Burner auxiliary equipment includes the following components:

1. Piece ignition. The convenient feature of compact models greatly simplifies the process of starting the device.
2. Flame reflector. Creates a directed flow of the combustible mixture, which allows it to be directed precisely to the heating zone.
3. Check valve. Responsible for automatically stopping the gas supply in the absence of flame.

Homemade assembly

Having minimal plumbing skills, you can try to make a burner yourself. If you use high-quality materials, the technical characteristics will not be inferior to factory-made products .

The process of assembling a homemade device:

1. The handle must be made of a material with low thermal conductivity. Hardwoods are best suited. You can also use the handle from an old burner.
2. From steel, 2 mm thick, it is necessary to make a tube with a diameter of 10 mm. Experts recommend using low-alloy steel rather than stainless steel. The finished tube is attached to the handle.
3. The body and divider are made of brass. It is necessary to take care of the holes in the divider in advance for the supply of oxygen. When joining the housing to the divider, a small gap should be left near the internal flange.
4. To make an injector, it is best to contact a familiar turner, since independent work requires precision and accuracy. A round steel blank is used as a workpiece.
5. The connecting gas hose must match the type of mixture used. A regular clamp is used as a fastening element.

The finished product is checked for play and leaks. Particular attention should be paid to the nozzle - it must be screwed onto the tube well. If necessary, you can seal the threads using FUM tape.

Components

Let's look at the basic materials that the soldering process cannot do without.

Filler material

Solder for soldering copper pipes is a material whose parameters determine the connection technology.

Soft compositions have a low melting point. A striking example is the PIC group of solders, which contain tin and lead in various proportions, as well as additives that improve the quality of the seam.

The main difference between hard solders is their high melting point, under the influence of which a high-quality and reliable connection is obtained . Experts recommend using copper-based compounds. This allows you to achieve the best quality. Various additives allow you to regulate the melting temperature. For example, the presence of phosphorus allows you to reduce the melt index to 700-750 Cº.

The following release forms are available:

• wire;
• rods;
• ribbons;
• paste;
• powder.

Flux

The flux is selected based on the parameters of the solder. There are high- and low-temperature compositions. For hard grades of solder, it is recommended to use technical borax.

Soldering flux is applied after mechanical cleaning of pipes, immediately before work . When using the active composition, at the end of the cycle you should wash off its remains to avoid damage to the surface.

Fitting

There are many types of fittings for different purposes and systems. The most popular are:

Work planning

Before purchasing tools and materials, it is necessary to draw up a project that includes a work plan and wiring diagram . This will allow you to accurately calculate the number of fittings and auxiliary components, which will reduce the cost of work.

In addition to the above tools, it is necessary to take care of personal protective equipment, since soldering is a high-risk job, during which there is a high probability of injury.

cutting

Before cutting pipes, it is necessary to mark the locations of the fittings. When cutting, it is best to use a special pipe cutter. In this case, the cut area will be even and smooth, with a minimum number of notches, which will facilitate the process of further preparation.

Chamfering

The pipe cut must be perfectly straight . The slightest deviations will affect the quality of the connection. To remove burrs and prepare the cut, it is recommended to use a bevel remover, or, if it is not available, sandpaper.

Surface preparation

The contact surface must be dry, free of oil, dirt and oxide deposits. This applies not only to pipes, but also to connecting fittings. For mechanical processing uses brushes and pipe cleaners.

Flux coating

Flux is applied to the inner surface of the fitting and the desired part of the pipe. It is important that the composition is evenly distributed over the plane. After this, the elements are joined, leaving a small amount for filler material.

Heating and soldering

The heating indicator is the state of the flux . The appearance of dark shades indicates that the surface has heated to a given temperature. When applying solder, it is necessary to monitor the heating intensity. The molten solder should fill the entire space between the fitting and the pipe. This is achieved due to the capillary effect, in which the liquid adheres to the surface due to the high force of attraction.

Soldering errors

Novice craftsmen who do not have experience connecting copper pipes may make the following mistakes:

1. Poor heating . Inexperienced specialists are afraid to overheat copper parts, which leads to weak heating of the surface. The result is a low strength connection that will break under the slightest load.
2. Overheating . The opposite situation, which threatens to burn out the flux from the surface. Contact elements without protection will become covered with scale, which will negatively affect the quality of the connection.

To develop the necessary skills, he recommends doing test soldering on unnecessary pipe scraps.

Safety requirements

The technological process takes place at high temperatures, so the worker must have an understanding of the hazardous factors and the basics of safe work performance:

• Work is carried out in rooms with functioning ventilation;
• It is necessary to use personal protective equipment, including goggles, gloves and special clothing made from natural materials;
• Avoid getting flux on exposed skin;
• Checking the quality of soldering and visual inspection is carried out only after the pipes have cooled.

Conclusion

Soldering copper pipes is a worthy alternative to welding in argon. To perform the work, a minimum number of tools and materials is required, which, if the joining technology is followed, will not affect the quality characteristics of the seam.

Source: https://svarka.guru/payka/tehnik/mednye-trubki-gazovoy-gorelkoy.html

How to solder wires with a gas torch?

Connecting wires is a necessary operation when carrying out electrical work. Each method of connecting electrical wiring (crimping, twisting, soldering) has its own conditions for use. Soldering copper wires and soldering aluminum wires is the most reliable method of contact connection; in terms of strength, it competes only with welding.

What is the process of soldering wires?

Soldering differs from welding in that during the work it is not the ends of the metal wires being connected that are melted, but only the solder. Soldering must be done with a soldering iron and flux. An alloy of metals (tin, lead, antimony, silver) that melt at a lower temperature is used as solder.

Solder melted with a soldering iron spreads, fills the gap between the metal wires and hardens, forming a strong, unbreakable connection. Soldering is reliable not only from a mechanical point of view, but also from an electrical point of view: the contact resistance of the conductors in the junction box depends on the contact area of ​​the parts being connected - the larger it is, the lower the resistance.

This means that the wires heat up less and the connection is better.

Considering that a fire can be a consequence of poor contact, in hard-to-reach places it is more advisable to connect the wires by soldering, thereby eliminating the possibility of their disconnection. It is appropriate to solder conductors in the distribution box even if it is located above a suspended or suspended ceiling.

What is needed for soldering

To solder copper conductors, you will need the following devices, materials and tools:

• Electric soldering iron with a power of 80 watts or more
• Solder
• Flux
• Flux remover (neutralizer)
• Pliers
• Flux brush
• PVC electrical tape
• Heat shrink tube of suitable diameter
• Hairdryer

You can solder copper wires not only with an electric soldering iron, but also with other equipment: a propane torch for soldering copper pipes, a mini gas torch, or a gas soldering iron with a torch attachment.

A burner with a small torch is convenient in that it provides local heating of the twist without damaging the conductor insulation.
Before using an electric soldering iron, its tip must be cleaned from oxides with a file or sandpaper. It is recommended to use POS-60 or analogues with a melting point of 190°C as a solder for copper.

Flux removes metal oxides, promotes better adhesion of solder and its uniform spreading over the surface. It is better to use water-based flux - it does not contain alcohol or acid, so it does not require subsequent removal. If you use orthophosphoric acid, liquid rosin or LTI-120 for this purpose, then the products must be removed from the surface after work - otherwise they will destroy copper parts over time.

Soldering procedure

Soldering copper wires is technologically simple; copper can be processed well without losing its conductive properties, while the joints are strong. Soldering of copper wires located in the junction box occurs in the following sequence.

1. The wires in the junction box are cut to the required length - 20–25 cm and correctly distributed by color: yellow-green is grounding, blue is zero, white (brown, red or black) is phase. Using special pullers, the insulation is removed from them, leaving bare ends 4.5–5 cm long.
2. Connect the wires crosswise - this is necessary to ensure that the twisting is uniform and tight. To make the twist correctly, one wire is placed on top of the other; to connect three conductors, the first is placed on top of the other two. They twist it, then crimp it using pliers, cut off the excess tails and crimp it again.
3. Before soldering, the twist is generously moistened with flux or placed in it.
4. To solder the wires correctly, the twist is heated with a soldering iron or torch until the flux begins to boil. As soon as the flux begins to boil, solder is placed on top of the twist. For soldering copper, use POS-60 solder or analogues. When using a soldering iron to connect wires, its tip is located at the bottom of the twist.
5. When the solder melts, it will spread under the action of tension forces and fill the twist, forming a reliable connection. The reddish copper color of the wires will take on a silver tint.
6. The last step is to isolate the junction. To do this, the soldered area is wrapped with PVC electrical tape, starting from the insulation that has not been removed. The adhesive layer of the electrical tape dries out over time, and the tape itself can unwind. Therefore, a heat-shrinkable tube of suitable diameter is put on top of it, which is heated with a hairdryer until it shrinks in size. It presses the electrical tape tightly and provides additional insulation.
7. Further soldering of wires in the distribution box - phase and neutral - is carried out in the same way.
8. After soldering and insulating the twists, the wires are carefully placed in the junction box and closed.

Specifics of connecting aluminum wires

The sequence of actions when working with aluminum wires is similar to that described above, but there are specific nuances that need to be taken into account.

Soldering aluminum conductors is technically more difficult due to the characteristics of the metal. The connection point is less durable than its copper counterparts.

Aluminum instantly oxidizes strongly, forming a non-conducting film. Oxides must be removed, otherwise the metal will not be able to be soldered. To remove oxides, use zinc-vaseline pastes. To solder the cores, you need aluminum solder, and it is more refractory than tin, so the heating temperature must be higher. When molten, aluminum solder is more fluid than tin solder. To work, you will need a chemically active flux F-34 or F-64, which can cope with oxides.

Since aluminum is a brittle metal, to ensure a reliable connection, it is better to solder it to a copper wire of the same cross-section. In this case, the too brittle and brittle aluminum conductor, together with flexible and durable copper wire, produces a strong connection that can withstand loads of up to 2 kW. The connection is reliable, soft and unbreakable. To solder aluminum and copper, it is better to use F-64 flux - it is stronger and even solders oxidized aluminum.

If the requirements and technical conditions are met, the soldered connection of copper or aluminum wires will last for decades without reducing contact or overheating of the soldering area.

Source: https://rem-serv.com/kak-payat-provoda-gazovoy-gorelkoy/

Principles of soldering copper tubes with a gas torch

Copper is highly resistant to moisture, acid and alkaline solutions, and wear and tear. Copper piping and fittings last significantly longer than similar steel products. When soldering copper tubes with a gas torch, the high electrical conductivity and heat transfer of the material should be taken into account.

Externally, a copper pipeline with connection fittings resembles plastic pipes. The process of creating a sealed connection is much more complex. The metal is covered with a film of oxides with a high melting point. It is impossible to connect it with heat and pressure. A special soldering technology has been created for copper and its alloys.

Soldering copper tubes with a gas torch

Soldering technology

Copper parts must be firmly connected, excluding destruction from external influences. The technology for soldering copper parts involves heating them and connecting them together with a fastening agent. Solder has a melting point lower than the base metal. It easily penetrates into the space between parts and fills capillaries. After cooling, a strong connection of materials is formed at the level of the crystal lattice.

Flux dissolves the oxide film, allowing the heated solder to bond with the copper. Solder is brought to the junction of well-heated parts. Its melting point is lower. The solder melts and flows into all capillaries, evenly around the entire circumference. When the metals cool, they form a strong bond.

Soldering components

Copper pipelines are made for water supply and heating systems. You should start by drawing up a drawing. It is used to calculate the quantity of all necessary components:

• pipe length;
• number of fittings;
• consumption of flux and solder.

To create bends in pipes, fittings in the form of angles and tees are needed. It is more convenient to build up using couplings. Soldering of copper is carried out by inserting one part into another.

Solder selection

The strength and tightness of the connection depends on the melting temperatures of the material. There are two types of solders:

Soft solder is used to connect water pipes in private homes. It consists of tin or lead with additional elements that improve fluidity. Metals have a low melting point.

Hard solder is used to connect copper parts at heating temperatures above 450⁰. It contains silver or copper. Connections with refractory consumables are used for heating systems and steam pipelines with high pressure and temperatures over 130⁰.

Flux selection

The flux should dissolve oxides and promote the spreading of solder. Low-temperature compounds intended for soldering irons are suitable for copper:

• sodium salt;
• rosin;
• petrolatum;
• boric acid.

All materials are easy to buy in the store. They are safe and do not emit harmful substances when melted.

For high-temperature soldering, mixtures based on phosphorus and salicylic acid are suitable.

Soldering tool

For a tight and durable connection, you must have equipment for soldering copper products:

• pipe cutter;
• chamfer;
• sandpaper;
• metal brush;
• brush;
• gas burner.

For marking you will need a tape measure and a pencil or marker. If the pipeline will be extended without adapters, a pipe expander will be needed. With its help, the end of one pipe is heated and expanded and a second one is inserted into it, by analogy with plastic connections.

The chamfer provides smooth edges without burrs. It can be replaced with medium-grit sandpaper.

The metal brush should go inside the pipe and clean off dirt and remove the oxide film. The brush is used to apply flux to the surfaces to be joined.

Selecting a gas burner

A gas burner for copper soldering is selected with a narrow nozzle, household. The width of the flame should not exceed the diameter of the pipe. The design of the tool is determined by the gas on which it operates:

• MAPP gas consists of methyl acetylene propadeine and natural liquefied gas;
• propane;
• acetylene-oxygen.

MAPP gas provides fast heating and is used by professionals for soldering refrigerators.

Propane torches are suitable for use in small workshops. They can be turned on by a piezoelectric element when you press the gas start button.

Acetylene-oxygen torches work with disposable small cylinders in confined spaces and with stationary gas containers.

When choosing a burner, you should pay attention to the presence of an injector. The power should be sufficient to heat the pipe to the specified temperature in a couple of minutes. The purpose of the tool in the data sheet is for soldering. Among the materials that the burner can work with should be copper and its alloys.

Acetylene-oxygen torch for soldering copper tubes

Assembling a homemade gas burner

A properly assembled homemade gas burner can replace a purchased one for small amounts of work. To make a tool with your own hands, you need the following parts:

• brass tube Ø 15 mm;
• wooden blocks for the handle;
• a piece of brass for the nozzle;
• control valve.

The brass tube should be inserted into the handle perpendicularly if it is level. The bent one is mounted in the same axis with the handle. The drill must have a diameter of Ø 15 mm. They drill a hole in a piece of wood, insert the tube and fix it with epoxy resin.

The nozzle hole should be 0.1 mm. It should be drilled with a 0.2–0.3 mm drill. Then the part is clamped in a vice, and the end is riveted with light blows until the hole is narrowed to the desired size. On the other side, a thread is cut for screwing into the tube.

An adjusting screw is installed on the tube, near the handle. A thread is cut at the end to attach a fitting or hose to a gas cylinder.

The nozzle can be made from a regular injection needle. It is made of high-alloy stainless steel and will withstand high temperatures. You need to make an adapter to attach the needle to the tube. Grind off the beveled tip and make it even so that the flame burns straight.

Stages of soldering copper pipes

The process of soldering copper pipes is simple, but requires precise execution of all operations. Before work, you should choose a method for connecting the pipes. You should prepare all the parts and tools in advance. Then soldering is carried out:

1. Cutting the pipe to the required size, taking into account its entry into the fitting. Cleaning the ends.
2. The surface of the copper pipe and the hole in the connecting part should be thoroughly degreased and cleaned with a brush and sandpaper. The metal should become shiny and clean.
3. Lubricate the surfaces to be joined with a thin layer of flux.
4. Insert the pipe into the fitting until it stops.
5. Heat the connection using a torch flame. The copper should turn red.
6. Apply solder to the end of the fitting and melt it.

After cooling under natural conditions, slag, flux and solder residues are removed from the connection.

Soldering copper pipes is available at home.
Beginners are advised to first practice on scraps to learn to feel the heating temperature and the moment when to apply solder. Soldering copper pipes - master class

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/pajka/mednyh-trubok-gazovoj-gorelkoj

Soldering copper pipes: step-by-step analysis of the work and practical examples

Trunk pipelines made of non-ferrous metals have increased resistance to corrosion. To connect elements, solder is used to fill the joints. Soldering copper pipes can be done independently; no special equipment or tools are required to complete the work.

Soldering copper, why you should learn it

The use of copper pipes for supplying water to premises is limited by the high cost of materials. But copper and alloys based on it have increased elasticity, which makes it possible to manufacture highways of complex geometric shapes without the risk of tearing the walls.

The chemical inertness of the material allows water supply and heating pipelines to be located in the thickness of concrete walls or ceilings without fear of corrosion destruction of the metal.

The technology for soldering copper pipes does not require the use of aggressive chemicals to remove the oxide layer from the surface. Low-melting alloys based on tin and lead have increased adhesion to copper, which simplifies the procedure for selecting connecting materials.

When applying solder, the copper base does not heat up to high temperatures, causing the formation of compounds with atmospheric oxygen. The tube is not deformed during processing; if necessary, the resulting joint is separated by heating the seam with a portable gas burner.

Methods for soldering copper parts

When connecting products made of copper and alloys based on it, 2 technologies are used:

• capillary soldering at low temperature;
• the process of filling a seam with refractory solder (at an elevated heating temperature of the parts).

Features of high temperature connections

The technology involves the use of solders that pass into the liquid phase at temperatures up to 450-500°C. The connecting material consists of copper and silver with the addition of alloying metals (for example, to increase elasticity or reduce shrinkage during cooling). The technology allows you to create a strong seam that is resistant to mechanical loads or local overheating of the main pipeline.

Soldering copper pipes with silver-based hard solder leads to annealing of the base, which negatively affects the strength characteristics of the structure. To reduce the negative impact, natural cooling of the joint line is used.

When installing fans or applying water to the seam, the strength of the pipe decreases. The connection technology is used to connect gas pipelines and water channels with a diameter of 12 to 160 mm.

The technique is recommended when supplying liquids heated to 110-120°C (heating mains) through pipes.

Low temperature soldering in parts

Low-temperature soldering of water pipes from copper pipes is carried out at temperatures below 450°C. For connections, radio engineering solders based on lead and tin (with additional additives) are used.

The use of a low-melting alloy leads to an increase in the width of the seam; the resulting joint is not designed to withstand the application of loads.

The connection is classified as soft, but lowering the heating temperature helps eliminate the possibility of annealing of copper parts during the connection process.

The technology is used when connecting lines with a diameter of 6 to 108 mm; it is prohibited to solder lines for gas supply with low-melting solders. When arranging copper channels for heating, it should be taken into account that solders allow pumping of coolant at a temperature not exceeding 130°C.

What will be needed in the process

Before soldering copper tubes, you will need to prepare a flux that can clean the surface of oxide deposits. The quality of the work depends on the correct preparation of the surface. The flux additionally promotes the spreading of the alloy over the surface of the tube, which improves the appearance of the weld. Then you need to decide on the connection technology, which determines the choice of how to solder copper pipes.

For high-temperature welding, lead-free solder is used (marked Lead Free on the package). For low-temperature technology, standard PIC solder is used, produced in the form of a rod with a diameter of 3 mm. It is allowed to use alloys with the introduction of alloying elements (for example, bismuth or lead), which have a positive effect on the strength of the connection.

Soldering copper pipes with your own hands involves cutting parts into elements of the appropriate size. A pipe cutter is used to divide the pipe into sections; the edges of the workpieces are processed with a chamfering tool. Since when connecting pipelines it is necessary to expand one of the ends of the line (to ensure a tight and reliable fit), you will need an expander, which is pliers with a special bushing designed for several pipe diameters.

To heat solder and elements made of non-ferrous metals, a gas burner is used with a nozzle that forms a narrow, directed flame. The equipment is equipped with a cylinder filled with pure butane or a propane-butane mixture. It is possible to perform work using an electric soldering iron; the tool is used in areas where the use of open flames is prohibited. The craftsman will also need a set of drawing tools to mark the workpieces.

Soldering technology for copper products

After preparing the tools and materials, the pipes are soldered, consisting of the following steps:

• cutting workpieces into pieces;
• degreasing and removal of oxides;
• joining of elements;
• applying solder to the joint line.

Cut the part to the required length

Welding copper tubes begins with marking the pipeline, which is then cut into elements of the required length. When marking, it is necessary to take into account the length reserve required to connect the tubes after expanding the end. A hand-held cutting tool allows the pipe to be clamped and then a carbide roller is rolled around the outer surface of the workpiece. As the body of the pipe is cut, the roller is tightened by the adjusting bolt, which allows for an even cut.

It is possible to cut workpieces using a hacksaw for metal and a special template that ensures the perpendicularity of the cut. When cutting, compression of the pipe is not allowed, since the ovality of the outer surface impairs the tightness of the joint (due to a change in the gap, which will not be filled with solder). The resulting flash is removed with sandpaper and a metal brush. Then one of the edges is treated with an expander, which will create a sealed joint with increased strength.

Apply flux to the surface of the pipe

Welding copper pipes with your own hands requires removing oxides from the surface of the parts being joined. The workpieces are wiped with a degreasing compound (for example, acetone), and then a reagent is applied to the edges to be joined. It is not recommended to use an increased dose of flux; the active substance is evenly applied in a thin layer to the joint area. To apply the reagent, use a paint brush that does not leave fibers on the surface.

Connecting parts before soldering

After applying flux, the tubes are joined; it is recommended to join the elements immediately after lubricating the surface (to reduce the risk of dust settling). When connected, the parts rotate relative to each other, which allows the flux to be distributed and ensures a tight fit. The reagent squeezed out from the joint is removed with a dry cloth; it is prohibited to store flux on elements made of non-ferrous metals, since the destruction of the material begins.

Joint formation during low-temperature soldering

Low-temperature technology uses a flux designed for reduced heating of the structure during connection.

Soldering copper tubes with a gas torch involves supplying a torch to the joint area, the torch moves along the joint, ensuring uniform heating of the parts. Then a bar of solder is taken in hand and fed into the gap between the pipes.

The molten metal begins to spread over the surfaces, the burner is moved to the side, and solder fills the joint due to the temperature of the heated pipe.

Seam formation during high-temperature soldering

When using refractory solders, the pipes are heated with a burner to an elevated temperature. The burner moves along the joint area until the pipe is heated to a cherry-red hue (corresponding to a temperature of 750°C). Then solder, preheated by a burner flame, is supplied to the joint.

Solder melts upon contact with heated pipes, uniformly filling the installation gap. There is no need to apply excess solder since the material will remain on the outside of the pipeline. After completing the procedure, you must wait 2-3 minutes; after the temperature of the joint has decreased and the solder has crystallized, the flux residues are removed. No additional machining of the connection is required.

Safety precautions when soldering copper pipes

Basic safety rules when independently soldering pipes made of non-ferrous metals:

1. When applying chemicals and heating pipes, protective clothing and goggles are required. If flux gets on exposed skin, remove the reagent with running water and then wash the area with soap and water.
2. Do not wear protective clothing made of synthetic material that melts or ignites when exposed to the flame of a gas torch or the tip of an electric soldering iron.
3. Since flux evaporates during work, ventilation is provided in the room.

The main mistakes made when soldering

The main mistakes that occur when welding a copper pipeline on your own:

1. Insufficient quality of processing of joints. When applying solder, voids are formed that violate the tightness and strength of the connection.
2. Oil stains on the surface of pipes that prevent the material from being treated with flux.
3. Wrong choice of joint width. To ensure a correct connection, the surfaces must be in contact over a length of 7 to 50 mm (depending on the diameter of the pipes being connected).
4. Heating parts to a low temperature. The solder melts, but after removing the torch it immediately crystallizes, which does not allow filling the gap between the elements being connected. Another mistake is excessive heating of the pipes, which contributes to flux burnout and scale formation.
5. Application of an insufficient amount of flux, which is not enough to clean surfaces from oxides. When solder is introduced, a joint of insufficient width is formed, allowing water or gas to pass through during operation.
6. An attempt to test the connection line before the solder has completely crystallized, leading to the destruction of the connection. To restore the joint, you will need to remove the solder and then reconnect the parts.
7. Violation of safety regulations.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Inexperienced installers are recommended to conduct a training cycle using waste pipes. After completing 5-6 test seams, it is allowed to begin making connections on the pipeline. Since with insufficient experience there is a risk of errors in marking, the pipeline is assembled on the floor of the room. After checking the correct dimensions, the joints are connected in series using hard or soft solder for soldering the copper pipeline.

#1. Features of high temperature copper soldering:

#2. How to solder copper fittings correctly:

#3. What types of fluxes are there for soldering?

Videos shot by installation crews show how to properly solder copper pipes at home. A novice installer does not always accurately determine the degree of heating of parts, so it is recommended to seek the help of an experienced mentor. Since copper pipelines and technological components of water supply networks made of non-ferrous metals are very expensive, performing installation work on your own will save money (even taking into account the need to purchase tools).

Source: https://vodatyt.ru/mednye-truby/kak-payat-svoimi-rukami.html

Soldering copper tubes with a gas torch (instructions)

Working with a gas torch and molten solder will make any performer nervous, be it a beginner or a professional. An important point: the consequences of soldering errors practically range from a leaky pipe seam to a real house fire. However, as with most crafts, the key to success in torch soldering copper tubing is practice and planning.

Planning of soldering work with a gas torch

Regardless of the level of complexity of projects, it is imperative to draw up a work plan. This approach not only minimizes the consumption of fittings, but also makes all operations easier and faster.

It is recommended to assemble and solder as many mounting sections as possible on a bench. In this case, you should make sure that all fittings that will be soldered directly at the installation site are accessible for soldering operations with a gas torch.

To avoid eye burns, wear safety glasses. When performing top soldering, it is necessary to avoid positions where the seam to be welded is located directly above the head.

To prevent possible fires, it is necessary to use a special heat shield. When work involves soldering with a torch in close proximity to flammable materials, it is necessary to keep a fire extinguisher nearby.

Tools required for soldering copper pipes with a gas torch:

• cutter (pipe cutter),
• pipe expander,
• wire brush (to fit 12.7 mm or 19 mm fittings),
• plumber's sanding machine,
• container for flux and disposable brush,
• gas-burner,
• roll of lead-free solder.

Step-by-step instructions for soldering with a gas torch

Cutting and cleaning are critical. It is recommended to cut the pipe evenly and at a right angle. To simulate the strength of the connection, it is worth considering that the end of the pipe is inserted up to the stop (arm) of the fitting.

PIPE CUTTERS

The procedure for determining the location of the fitting on a copper pipe, marking for visual inspection and cutting the copper pipe using a special device - a pipe cutter

It is highly recommended that you use a pipe cutter rather than a hacksaw to cut the pipe insert for the fitting. After the cutting procedure, the end of the pipe is cleaned - the burrs left by the pipe cutter are removed.

Not only the pipe, but also the fitting needs to be cleaned. Cleaning is done in order to remove the oxide film from the surface of the copper. The oxide film prevents high-quality soldering of copper parts and prevents the uniform flow of solder.

Therefore, it is necessary to polish the outer surface of the copper pipe with sandpaper and clean the inside of the fitting with a wire brush. Cleaning is carried out until both surfaces acquire a clean golden appearance.

CLEARING

Processes for cleaning the surface of copper parts intended for soldering with lead-free solder. The surface of the tube is cleaned with sandpaper, and the inner area of ​​the fitting is cleaned with a special wire brush.

Next, flux is applied to the areas of the stripped metal. Flux coating is carried out evenly over the entire stripping area. The flux additionally removes the smallest traces of the oxide film and shallowly etches the copper layer, which is necessary to increase adhesion to the solder.

When working, you need to ensure that no contamination gets into the flux tube. After each operation with flux, the lid of the tube should be tightly closed. The flux brush should be stored in a plastic bag.

FLUX FOR COPPER

Applying a special paste - flux - to the soldering parts, thanks to which the solder spreads evenly and covers the entire soldering area. A soft brush is used for flux treatment.

Powerful and safe gas burner

Modern lead-free solders require higher temperatures than propane gas torches can produce. Professional craftsmen often use powerful acetylene units.

But acetylene torches are expensive and are characterized by a tool with a high explosion hazard. Therefore, for inexperienced users, MAPP gas seems to be the best alternative.

MAPP gas (a combination of acetylene and propane) burns at a sufficient temperature to be able to solder 19 mm tubing. The popular MAPP gas is sold filled in disposable cylinders similar to those used for propane.

BURNER

Examples of kits that include a cylinder with MAPP gas and a gas burner. Kits are also sold, complete with solder paste - flux and a roll of lead-free solder.

The MAPP gas cylinder conveniently attaches to a high quality self-igniting torch (such as the SureFire T655 model). The cylinder fastening mechanism ensures safe and convenient operation.

By pressing a button, the gas burner self-ignites. It is also easy to regulate and extinguish the flame. All operations are performed without the need to use your hands again to control the spark igniter or gas supply regulator.

Technology for heating the soldering area of ​​copper parts

The blue flame area should be directed towards the fitting. Specifically, the flame is directed, as a rule, to the middle part of the fitting.

To ensure even heating, the flame should be used in an arcing motion around the circumference of the fitting. The hottest part of the flame (the inner blue cone) should touch the copper.

SOLDER TO COPPER

This shows the optimal location of the gas burner nozzle, which ensures high-quality soldering. The blue flame area is in contact with the surface of the copper fitting

The color and melt of the flux will indicate the soldering time. It is necessary to continue heating until the flux begins to melt and the copper acquires a shiny, iridescent appearance.

At this stage, touch the tip of the solder rod to the junction of the copper parts. When heated sufficiently, the solder will automatically flow around the entire circumference of the fitting. You need to wait until it is completely filled, but not overflowed, and then complete the process.

Soldering is performed with a gas torch from the bottom to the top. First, the lower end of the fitting is soldered, then the upper, because the upper part retains the temperature longer due to the transfer of some of the heat from the lower part.

FITTING

The soldering procedure involves filling the gap between the wall of the copper tube and the wall of the copper fitting with lead-free solder. When heated sufficiently, the solder spontaneously spreads over the entire soldering area.

Make sure there is enough solder at the soldering point before moving the gas torch to the next joint. If the fitting has cooled, a tip of the flame over the copper is enough to raise the temperature without overheating.

The final result of soldering

Not in favor of a colorful display! Even if the copper tubing is later hidden under drywall, it is recommended to always clean up any remaining solder with a rag before the solder has time to cool. A bright, uniform solder joint between fitting and pipe is proof of a job well done.

Source: https://zetsila.ru/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1% 8B%D1%85-%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0% B2%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9/

Technology for soldering copper pipes at home: work in 9 simple steps

Author Irina Luneva Date Aug 26, 2016

Plumbing or heating systems made from copper pipes are expensive, but they are strong and durable.

Since copper has a high thermal conductivity coefficient, good anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties, pipelines made from it are efficient and durable. Soldering copper at home is not difficult: a socket-coupling is put on the pipes, and then the seam is sealed.

Instead of using a flare, sometimes they widen the end of one pipe and insert another into it. This connection is convenient because it does not require fittings, and the service life is equal to the life of the pipes themselves.

Soldering of copper pipes occurs in two stages

Preparation for soldering copper with aluminum, brass, stainless steel, iron

The preparatory period, which includes the acquisition of the necessary devices, materials, personal protective equipment, and the soldering procedure itself.

There are two ways to solder copper to copper: high and low temperature. The first involves heating the metal to 900°C, and is used for pipelines with high pressure or temperature load. For high-temperature soldering, materials intended for this are used: hard solder in the form of rods (the melting point of such solder is about 900°C) and hard-melting flux.

In order to solder copper using the low-temperature method, it is sufficient to heat the metal to 600°C (usually 300–380°C), which is achievable in domestic conditions. For the procedure, soft solder is used for soldering copper and brass in the form of a wire or rod with a cross-section of up to 3 mm and a more fusible flux. Solder is an alloy of tin, which is more than 97%, with other metals: copper, selenium, silver, antimony.

• Why do you need flux? Correctly soldering copper pipes can only be done with flux - a special paste-like composition (with zinc chloride), which is applied to the surface of the connected sections of the pipe in a wide strip. It performs several functions:

1. prevents the process of metal oxidation by removing oxygen;
2. improves the adhesion of solder to copper;
3. is an indicator of sufficient heating of the metal, signals when to apply solder and solder the copper;
4. promotes uniform spreading of solder along the joint.

• Safety precautions. Despite the simplicity of the process, soldering copper pipes must comply with safety rules. The danger of burns is posed not only by the burner flame itself, but also by the heated metal. Copper conducts heat well, so during operation, not only the area on which solder is placed and welding is carried out, but also the entire pipe becomes very hot, and it cools down slowly. If you need to solder copper tubing that is not already built into the piping system, preparation involves placing it on non-flammable supports where it can take a long time to cool. Before touching the welded metal from its place, you should wait until it cools completely.

The immediate danger is the open flame of the burner, so you need to purchase a tool that is convenient to work with: preferably with a movable nozzle on a long hose

Necessary materials and devices: tin and others

The following tools are required for working with copper pipes:

1. pipe cutter, hacksaw or grinder with a thin disk;
2. chamfer;
3. pipe expander (expander);
4. soldering flux;
5. solder;
6. soldering iron for copper, for example, a propane torch for soldering copper pipes;
7. rubberized gloves;
8. paper napkins.

Pipe cutters of various sizes are used to cut pipes. Larger samples have a large turning radius and are inconvenient to use in hard-to-reach places, so if there is a need to cut off a section of a finished installed water supply, use a small pipe cutter. You can cut the pipe with a hacksaw or a grinder with a thin disk, but a better cut can only be achieved using a pipe cutter.

After the pipe is cut, the burrs are removed. This is necessary to ensure that there is no turbulence in the fluid flow in the system. When there are no obstacles, the water supply does not experience stress and works like a clock.

Before welding the copper, the ends of the pipe are polished with fine-grained sandpaper, which can be purchased at hardware stores. They clean both surfaces that are preparing for soldering. Sometimes small brushes with a diameter of Ø 22 mm are used for these purposes; they are suitable for almost all pipes. For cleaning, the stem of the brush is inserted into a screwdriver or drill, with the help of which the process is carried out faster and with better quality.

Flux is applied to the cleaned, smoothed outer surface - a composition that prevents the oxidation process of copper.

Flux can be used from various manufacturers, for example, Sanha

Advice: It is more convenient to use gray flux. When heated, it changes color, reaching the temperature required for soldering, becoming a tin shade. It is visually easy to determine when the metal has heated up, and copper can be soldered. If the flux is white, then when applied it immediately becomes transparent, so it is difficult to determine the moment when you need to apply solder.

To solder copper correctly, you need to take into account that from the moment of stripping and applying flux to soldering, no more than half an hour should pass, otherwise the stripping must be repeated again. If the flux is applied with a brush, there should be no bristles or hairs from it left on the surface - otherwise the connection will not be tight and the pipeline will leak after water is supplied.

After inserting the pipe into the socket, the remaining flux is not completely removed with a napkin, it remains on the connection in the form of an edge of 1–2 mm, and when soldering, the solder is drawn inward - the capillary effect is triggered. First, the joint is heated with a burner, and the moisture between the walls is evaporated.

Then the burner is brought up a second time, the copper gradually heats up, and the flux takes on a tin appearance. At this moment, solder is placed on the front side, soldering occurs, and the molten alloy flows down to the back side, solidifying as it moves. The excess metal overhangs that form below are separated on their own.

 Soldering copper can be done in different ways.

Soldering process

It consists of performing sequential operations:

1. the pipe is cut into pieces of the required sizes, which are marked for convenience - supply or return;
2. a chamfer is removed from the edge;
3. the edges are cleaned by 2 cm: the outer ones on the pipe, as well as the inner ones in the socket;
4. Flux is applied in a strip along the cleaned surfaces (external and internal);
5. the connection is assembled: the pipe is inserted into the socket;
6. excess flux is removed with a paper napkin, but not completely - an edge of 1–2 mm is left;
7. the burner is ignited, the flame is brought to the junction;
8. the surface is heated for 10–15 seconds to a certain temperature - the flux should acquire a tin color;
9. Solder is placed on top of the joint; when heated, it will be drawn into the joint and spread along the seam, filling it.

If the connection joint has not been cleared of bristles or dust, and as a result the soldered seam of the copper water pipe leaks, then the tightness can be restored using one of two methods:

Using a soldering iron

• the surface is cleaned, treated with phosphoric acid, heated with a soldering iron, and tin is applied;
• using a torch: flux is applied to the cleaned surface, heated, solder is applied, and melted.

How to properly solder copper with a gas torch

You can solder a copper tube as follows:

1. Clean the soldering area with a fine file, sandpaper or wire brush.
2. Grind rosin and sprinkle the soldering area.
3. Heat the tube over a gas flame until the rosin melts.
4. Place POS-30 or 40 solder and melt it with a soldering iron, spreading it over the surface.

In everyday life, copper processing is encountered not only when it is necessary to solder copper heating or water pipes, but also in car repair if a crack or leak appears on the car radiator.

In this case, you do the soldering of the copper radiator yourself. Instead of a gas torch, car enthusiasts use a powerful 250 W electric soldering iron for copper pipes.

To strip copper, use sandpaper or a metal brush, and for soldering tin, rosin or orthophosphoric acid is used as soldering acid.

Soldering with a soldering iron at home

Soldering copper with a soldering iron is easier than using a torch. The procedure looks like this:

1. The surface of the radiator is cleaned with fine-grained sandpaper or a brush.
2. A few drops of acid are evenly applied to the edges of the damaged area.
3. The crack is heated with an electric soldering iron and solder is applied. Having melted, the tin fills the hole.

Independent soldering of copper heating or water supply pipes, repairing cracks in radiators is a simple technology process that can be done at home with a small set of tools.

Soldering copper at home is something every man can do.

Source: https://trubexpert.ru/repair/texnologiya-pajki-mednyx-trub-v-domashnix-usloviyax/

Soldering copper tubes with a gas torch: hard solder equipment for a propane torch

Despite the massive spread of plastic household communications, copper pipes are in no hurry to disappear from most modern homes. One of the most serious problems encountered in metal pipes is leakage.

Due to the high cost of communications, many people prefer to repair the pipeline using soldering. There are several technologies for soldering copper tubes with a gas torch. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Differences between soldering and welding

Soldering and welding are reliable methods for connecting pipelines with defects. The key difference between welding and gas soldering is the working material. In the case of welding, the ends of the product are melted and joined together. Soldering pipes involves joining the material using a third-party metal - solder.

Soldering copper pipes with a torch.

There are two types of soldering:

1. High temperature.
   In this type of work, solder is used that melts at temperatures above 550 degrees Celsius. As a rule, high-temperature soldering is carried out with burners charged with acetylene and butane or propane and oxygen.
2. Low temperature.
   This method involves the use of low-melting solders with a melting point below 550 degrees Celsius. In most cases, low-temperature work is carried out using electric soldering irons. This method is ideal for welding or soldering small parts.

The first can be used such popular alloys as:

• tin and lead;
• copper and phosphorus;
• copper and zinc;
• silver.

The following are used as fluxes for low and high temperature soldering work:

• rosin;
• metal chlorides;
• borax-based fluxes;
• mixtures of alkali metals;
• powdered compounds.

Necessary materials and equipment

Materials for soldering copper.

Equipment for soldering copper pipes includes the following tools:

• apparatus for processing copper pipes;
• chamfer;
• pipe expander;
• pipe cleaner;
• flame reflector;
• hot air gun;
• flux;
• hard or soft solder suitable for soldering copper;
• a gas burner that melts solder.

The choice of tool directly depends on the maximum diameter of the product and the substance that will flow through it. The part is cut with a pipe cutter, and burrs can be removed using chamfer removers.

Before you start joining copper parts, you should carefully treat the surface with special sponges and metal brushes. How to choose a soldering torch will be discussed in the next section.

Types of gas burners

Gas burners for soldering copper pipes consist of the following elements:

• fastening a liquefied gas cylinder;
• intake nozzles;
• instrument head;
• fuel supply regulator;
• gearbox

All gas burners are divided into:

• propane burners;
• on MARR gas.

In everyday life, there are two types of burners:

• household ones with a jet temperature of up to 1500 degrees Celsius;
• industrial with temperatures up to 2000 degrees.

The most common type of burner is propane. Such devices are equipped with a piezoelectric ignition system and a gas mixture saving mode. The best option for soldering copper parts is to use a MAPP torch.

The stream of fire from such a burner does not burn through the copper at all and ensures uniform heating of the part.

Disposable gas cylinder torches are the best choice for joining copper products.

Such devices have the following advantages:

1. Ease of use.
   There is no need to connect electrical power.
2. Multifunctionality.
3. High mobility.
   Thanks to a small fuel tank, the device can be moved from place to place without much physical effort.
4. Safety.
   The presence of check valves guarantees safe shutdown of gas in the event of an emergency.
5. Good luck.
   A powerful and uniform flame heats the solder well and makes it harden as evenly as possible

Parts that require increased strength should be welded using stationary torches. Such devices, as a rule, use a mixture of propane and oxygen to provide a much better quality weld.

Step-by-step soldering of pipe joints

Joining copper pipes for soldering.

In general, stage-by-stage work is divided into:

1. Cleaning plaque, carbon deposits and dirt from the product.
2. Coating the parts to be joined with flux.
3. Fixing pipe scraps in the required position.
4. Warming up the product using a brazing torch.
5. Coating the joints to be joined with flux.
6. Supply of solder to the joint area of ​​the product.
7. Uniform melting of solder using a gas torch for soldering copper pipes.
8. Removal of oxides, waste and waste flux.

Despite the relative simplicity of the work process, even qualified specialists have defects.

The most common mistakes during soldering work are presented:

1. Insufficient heating of the product.
   If improperly prepared, the material heats up weakly and interacts poorly with the solder, resulting in a brittle seam.
2. Poor pre-cleaning of the product.
   The presence of carbon deposits, dirt and shavings of other metals seriously complicates obtaining a high-quality connection.
3. Unsuitable flux.
   The wrong choice of flux can lead to non-adhesion of the solder and destruction of the soldered structure.
4. Unsuitable solder.
   Choosing a solder that does not wet metals, such as lead, will make it impossible to solder copper pipes.