What is the specific gravity of gold

Dimensions and weight of 999 gold bar

Gold remains the most common and reliable investment option due to a number of features. The market for precious metals, especially gold, is less susceptible than others to various price fluctuations due to economic and political factors. Investors are often interested in the weight of a .999 gold bar, as it appears to be the purest variety of this precious metal.

Can the 999 sample be considered pure?

Before finding out how much a 999 gold bar weighs and its key parameters, it is advisable to determine the purity of such a product. To begin with, it should be noted that absolutely pure gold does not exist in nature, and only metal with varying proportions of impurities in its composition can be obtained industrially.

Such ingots are called “4 nines”, since the content of the base metal in them reaches 99.99%. Such products can be considered standard, since they seem to be the purest of all products available to investors. Thanks to such features, they are widely used by government financial institutions - Central banks of various countries to create funds.

To improve the quality of finished products, they are subjected to various cleaning methods, including both physical and chemical ones. Such material is rarely used in jewelry products, since its distinguishing features are extremely high cost and low strength. Because of this, products with a lower proportion of gold and higher resistance to deformation have become widespread.

999 gold is extremely rarely used for making jewelry

Material properties

Despite the fact that most consumers associate gold with a yellow metal, in its natural form it can be found in a variety of forms. As a rule, the sizes of this type of natural metal vary from small particles to medium-sized nuggets.

Because they contain a high proportion of impurities, their color can vary from greenish to gray, making them difficult to identify . Only high quality material has a bright yellow color, the amount of impurities in which is extremely small. This metal is soft - this property has been used since ancient times to determine the quality of gold.

The melting point of the high-grade product is 1063 degrees Celsius, and the boiling point of the material is located at 2947 degrees.

It is important to consider that when melted, gold changes its color to light green, and when boiled, the vapor will have shades from yellow to green.

High-grade gold is widely used in the manufacture of various alloys, which makes it possible to achieve characteristics more suitable for the production of jewelry. As additives, as a rule, silver, copper, nickel, zinc and other materials are used, which significantly increase the strength of the alloy and reduce the ductility.

If we consider the density of a 999 gold bar, we should remember that it is about 19.3 g/cm3. Similar values ​​are typical for pure material without impurities, however, nuggets found in nature have a lower density - about 18.5 g/cm3. This difference is due to the presence of impurities that affect the properties of the metal.

Types of ingots

Today, there are 2 main categories of gold bars of this standard. First of all, these are measured ingots, the weight of which can reach 1 kg. Their acquisition is available to both individuals and legal entities, and their characteristics and quality indicators are regulated by GOST No. R51572-2000:

• product shape – truncated pyramid/parallelepiped;
• The plane of the ingot should not have any damage, cracks, stains or other defects. Concavity/convexity or slight waviness of the surface of the product is allowed, which is due to natural processes;
• the front side of the product must have a clearly readable marking containing letters and numbers identifying the manufacturer. It is also permissible to place such information on the back of the product.

Another group of this kind of ingots is the standard variety. Such products are not sold - they are used exclusively in industry.

Ingots must meet certain criteria

At the same time, they serve as a model for the manufacture of dimensional type ingots and must comply with another GOST No. R28058-89:

• shape - a truncated pyramid with the obligatory application on the upper section of information about the grade of material, the number and weight of the ingot, the year of production and the manufacturer’s symbols, as well as the sample;
• the surface should not have visible defects, stains, or chips;
• the depression located on the surface should not exceed 0.5 cm.

At the same time, the classification of gold bars involves their division according to production technology. The first group consists of SSHZ, which have a weight not exceeding 0.5 kg and are manufactured by stamping. The second group consists of SLZ - cast ingots, the mass of which exceeds 0.5 kg. A third type of such products is presented abroad - powder ones, but it is not used in the Russian Federation.

Weight and cost of ingots

Since the measured type of such products is often used as an object for investment by legal entities and individuals, their acquisition by any financial institution that carries out transactions with such materials is allowed. In the largest organization of this type - Sberbank, the client can purchase products weighing from 1 to 1000 grams, packaged in regular packaging.

At the same time, it is possible to purchase products in gift format, but the range of such products is much smaller - from 1 to 50 grams. Currently, Sberbank of the Russian Federation ranks first in the number and volume of transactions related to precious metals. If desired, the client can place the bullion in a cell, which will allow it to be stored safely.

The cost of such products varies and depends on many indicators, including:

• market value of the material;
• markup for production and transportation;
• brand recognition of the plant that produced the ingot;
• technologies used in production - cast products are cheaper, and stamped products are more expensive;
• presence/absence of a certificate of conformity from the manufacturer;
• packaging option.

Among other things, the client should learn about the concept of spread - the difference between the cost of selling and purchasing such products. The difference in quotes when buying/selling can reach 1000 rubles per 1g and more, which must be taken into account in advance. A similar situation is observed when exchanging currency, but the spread in this case will be much smaller.

When planning operations on the international market, it will be useful to know that abroad the mass of a gold bar is measured not in kilograms familiar to citizens of the Russian Federation, but in troy ounces. A similar unit of measurement is widely used in international gold trade - its weight is 31.1035 grams.

Gold is considered a stable asset

Investment prospects

Having found out the basic properties of such products, their weight, as well as the place where they can be purchased, many investors think about the advisability of investing in gold. If we consider the indicators and dynamics of price changes for this precious metal in the long term, we can note a stable increase in its value.

This is due to a number of factors, the main one of which seems to be a reduction in reserves of this material.

Since a shortage or even a slight reduction in supply in the market can lead to an increase in the cost of goods, gold prices will continue to rise in the long term.

However, if you plan to invest for a short period, gold is unlikely to meet the investor's expectations. This is due to the fact that it can take several years to realize a profit from purchasing bullion, and the selling spread significantly offsets the income indicators. Because of this, purchasing gold can be considered an unpromising solution for short investment periods.

How to buy bullion at Sberbank

If an investor decides to make this kind of investment, it is necessary to contact one of the reliable financial organizations located in the Russian Federation. Using Sberbank as an example, we can examine in detail the procedure for purchasing 999 fine bullion bars. The algorithm for purchasing will be as follows:

1. Visit a branch of the organization where transactions with precious metals are carried out;
2. Present the necessary documents - for individuals this is a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, for legal entities a certificate confirming registration with the inspection committee of the Assay Committee;
3. Select the weight of the product and check it using a scale. The permissible error is 0.01 grams;
4. Purchase an ingot and also receive a certificate containing detailed information about the product and manufacturer.

It should be remembered that, in addition to the cost of the bullion itself, the consumer must pay 18% VAT, which is levied on all transactions carried out in the country with precious metals.

Source: https://denegkom.ru/investitsii/razmery-i-ves-slitka-zolota-999-proby.html

Specific gravity and methods for determining it for gold - Glitter Gem

Gold is the 11th element of D.I. Mendeleev’s periodic table. The specific gravity of gold is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) and din per cubic centimeter (dyn/cm3). In this case, the dyne is a unit of force in the system of units, which allows us to talk about different ways of measuring the weight of a metal.

Weight of a cube of different metals

Density and mass

Mass is directly related to density. If we are talking about the mass of an element, expressed in g/cm3, then it should be considered as a value similar to density. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, respectively, the mass is equal to the indicated value. Thus, knowing the density, it is easy to determine the mass.

To calculate the specific gravity, a formula is used, which can be applied if you know the density of a particular element. The mentioned formula for calculating weight is the relationship between mass and density.

It looks like this:

Y=P/V, where P is the actual weight of the element, and V is the density.

The formula is used exclusively for gold items. It may not be correct for calculating the mass of other elements.

Gold is a heavy metal; 1 cm3 weighs 19.32 kilograms. Metal is in seventh place in terms of heaviness and density. Its mass has nothing to do with hardness. Despite the external strength, products made from it are soft. In their pure form, they can be deformed and are fragile.

In order for the jewelry to gain strength and not break during use, a certain amount of other elements are added during melting.

Most often copper is used for these purposes, but silver, nickel and other metals can be used. Depending on the amount of impurities in the alloy, its mass will change, but the density will remain at the same level.

Adding impurities to the alloy reduces the value of the product, which is reflected by the sample.

Information about specific gravity allows you to organize production with less effort and energy, as well as use the element in alloys. Knowing that the density of an element is slightly higher than the density of other metals allows one to isolate its particles from the ore.

Thus, in the process of amalgamation, which makes it possible to separate an element from impurities, many of its characteristics are used, including mass and density. The heavy metal is enveloped in particles of mercury and held by it, while the remains of empty ore are easily removed. This information is also useful when using other extraction methods.

During the smelting process, the element evaporates. When trying to create an alloy, you must consider its mass and density. The density of the molten element decreases and is only 17 g/cm3. In this case, due to the aforementioned evaporation, which begins even before the melting temperature is reached, the mass and volume decrease. This explains the change in the mass of the product after soldering.

To form a strong alloy, elements are selected whose specific gravity is almost identical. If this feature is not taken into account, it can melt and evaporate, and the lighter metal can float. In this regard, the element in question is most often mixed with tungsten, whose density is 19.25 g/cm3.

It is tungsten that is most often used to make counterfeits. Making and selling a fake from tungsten is quite simple. Not only is it identical in density and weight, but it can also easily be disguised as real gold. To determine authenticity, special equipment will be required. A visual inspection and the usual testing methods will probably not show anything.

Osmium, iridium, rhenium, neptunium, platinum and plutonium have similar densities. Due to their rarity and high cost, they are not used for making counterfeits. Some of them are also dangerous to health.

Carat weight system

In jewelry, the term used is caratage. It allows you to determine the mass without resorting to precise mathematical calculations and research. The smallest permissible weight is eight carats. The weight of pure metal of 999 purity is 24 carats, which allows us to say that the product contains 24 shares of a pure element.

The number of carats is indicated when marking the product. The weight of the 585 standard jewelry is 14 carats, and the 917 standard jewelry is 22. Some samples have the same number of carats.

To simplify the determination of quantity, special tables have been created, in which for each sample not only its carat designation is indicated, but also the purity of gold in the alloy. The carat weight system allows you to determine the weight of individual precious items. It is extremely convenient because it allows you to find out the amount of gold without using special scales.

To determine the mass of ingots, slightly different characteristics are used. The optimal weight of one bank bar is 400 troy ounces, or 12.4 kilograms. The troy ounce is not the only one

Source: https://kabirski-store.ru/sostav/udelnyj-ves-i-sposoby-ego-opredeleniya-dlya-zolota.html

Metal weight table

The main characteristic affecting the weight of a metal is its density.

What does metal density mean?

The density of a metal refers to its weight per unit of occupied volume. Volume is often measured in cubic meters and cubic centimeters. What is the reason for such large, by earthly standards, weight and density? The density of a metal and its weight depend on how small the radius of the atom is and how large its weight is.

Density of metals table

Metal	g/cm3	kg/m3	Metal	g/cm3	kg/m3
Lithium	0,534	534	Samarium	7,536	7536
Potassium	0,87	870	Iron	7,87	7874
Sodium	0,968	9680	Gadolinium	7,895	7895
Rubidium	1,53	1530	Terbium	8,272	8272
Calcium	1,54	1540	Dysprosium	8,536	8536
Magnesium	1,74	1740	Niobium	8,57	8570
Beryllium	1,845	1845	Cadmium	8,65	8650
Cesium	1,873	1873	Holmium	8,803	8803
Silicon	2,33	2330	Nickel	8,9	8900
Bor	2,34	2340	Cobalt	8,9	8900
Strontium	2,6	2600	Copper	8,94	8940
Aluminum	2,7	2700	Erbium	9,051	9051
Scandium	2,99	2990	Thulium	9,332	9332
Barium	3,5	3500	Bismuth	9,8	9800
Yttrium	4,472	4472	Lutetium	9,842	9842
Titanium	4,54	4540	Molybdenum	10,22	10220
Selenium	4,79	4790	Silver	10,49	10490
Europium	5,259	5259	Lead	11,34	11340
Germanium	5,32	5320	Thorium	11,66	11660
Arsenic	5,727	5727	Thallium	11,85	11850
Gallium	5,907	5907	Palladium	12,02	12020
Vanadium	6,11	6110	Ruthenium	12,4	12400
Lanthanum	6,174	6174	Rhodium	12.44	12440
Tellurium	6,25	6250	Hafnium	13,29	13290
Zirconium	6,45	6450	Mercury	13,55	13550
Cerium	6,66	6660	Tantalum	16,6	16600
Antimony	6,68	6680	Uranus	19,07	19070
Praseodymium	6,782	6782	Tungsten	19,3	19300
Ytterbium	6,977	6977	Gold	19,32	19320
Neodymium	7,004	7004	Plutonium	19,84	19840
Zinc	7,13	7130	Rhenium	21,02	21020
Chromium	7,19	7190	Platinum	21,40	21400
Tin	7,3	7300	Iridium	22,42	22420
Indium	7,31	7310	Osmium	22,5	22500
Manganese	7,44	7440

The table shows that the specific gravity of a cube of metal varies greatly. The difference in weight between the heaviest and lightest metal is 42 times. Osmium, whose weight is 22500 kg per m3 and lithium, which has the lowest density, whose weight is 534 kg per m3. The metal that has the greatest density also has the greatest weight and it is osmium, as we already understood.

The average density among all metals is 11.5 g per cm3.

It is also noteworthy that there are metals whose density is less than water. There are several of them: lithium, potassium, sodium.

For reference, we can add that osmium is not only the heaviest, but also the rarest. It is mined at around 100 kg per year.

Precious metals usually include: silver, gold, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, osmium. The density of which starts from 10.49 g cm3 (silver) and reaches 22.5 cm3 (osmium). You can check the weight of others in the table.

Alloy Density Table

Alloy	g/cm3	kg/m3	Alloy	g/cm3	kg/m3
Duralumin	2,75	2750	Nichrome	8,4	8400
Gray cast iron	7,1	7100	Brass	8,2-8,8	8200-8800
White cast iron	7,6-7,8	7600-7800	Bronze	7,5-9,1	7500-9100
Steel	7,8	7800	Wood's alloy	9,7	9700

Source: https://gauge.tk/ves-metalla-tablitsa/

Density of cast iron and specific gravity in kg: determining the value from the table of metal densities - Machine

17.12.2019

Cast iron has become quite widespread. Like other metals, it has a fairly large number of physical and mechanical properties, among which specific gravity can be noted. This indicator is often taken from technical literature in the production of a wide variety of products.

Definition and characteristics of density

Density is a physical quantity that determines the ratio of mass to volume. Almost all materials are characterized by a similar physical and mechanical indicator. It is worth considering that the corresponding density of aluminum, copper and cast iron differ significantly.

The considered physical and mechanical quality determines:

1. Some physical and mechanical properties. In most cases, an increase in density is associated with a decrease in the grain structure. The smaller the distance between individual particles, the stronger the bond formed between them, the hardness increases and the ductility decreases.
2. As the distance between particles decreases, their number and weight of the material increase. Therefore, when creating cars, airplanes and other equipment, a material is selected that is lightweight and sufficiently durable. For example, the density of aluminum kg m3 is about 2,700, while the density of metal kg m3 is more than twice that.

There are special tables of metal density , which indicate the indicator in question for steel and non-ferrous alloys, as well as cast iron.

Distribution and use of cast iron

1. High-strength: used in the production of products that must have increased strength. A similar structure is obtained by adding magnesium impurities to the composition. It is highly resistant to bending and other impacts not associated with variable loads.
2. Malleable cast iron: has a structure that is easily forged due to its high ductility. The production process involves annealing.
3. Half: has a heterogeneous structure , which largely determines the basic mechanical qualities of the material.

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The specific gravity largely depends on the production method used, as well as the chemical composition. The properties of cast iron are affected by the following impurities:

1. When sulfur is added to the composition, the refractoriness decreases and the fluidity value increases.
2. Phosphorus allows the material to be used for the manufacture of various complex products . It is worth considering that by adding phosphorus to the composition, strength is reduced.
3. Silicon lowers the melting point and significantly improves casting properties.
4. Manganese can increase strength and hardness, but adversely affects casting properties.

When considering cast iron, it is worth paying attention to the following information:

1. Gray cast iron grade SCh10 is the lightest of all produced: 6800 kg/m 3 . As the grade increases, the specific gravity also increases.
2. The malleable variety of this metal has a value of 7000 kg/m3.
3. High strength has a value of 7200 km/m 3.

The density of metals, like other materials, is calculated using a special formula. It has a direct bearing on specific gravity. Therefore, these two indicators are often compared with each other.

Features of the table used

In order to calculate the weight of the future product, which will be made from cast iron, you should know its dimensions and density index. Linear dimensions are determined in order to calculate the volume. A calculation method is used to determine the weight of a product in cases where it is not possible to weigh it.

When considering methodological tables, it is worth paying attention to the following points:

1. All metals are divided into several groups.
2. For each material, the name and GOST are indicated.
3. Depending on the melting point, the density value is indicated.
4. To determine the physical value of specific gravity in kilograms or other changes, conversion of units of change is carried out. For example, if you need to convert grams to kilograms, then multiply the table value by 1000.

Determination of specific gravity is often done in special laboratories. This value is rarely used when carrying out actual calculations during the manufacture of products or the construction of structures.

The physical properties of cast iron (density, thermophysical and electromagnetic properties) depend on the composition and structure, and therefore on the type and grade of cast iron.

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Density of cast iron

By neglecting the relatively small influence of a number of elements in ordinary cast iron, the density of cast iron can be calculated.

where C, S, P are mass fractions of elements,%; Cr—mass fraction of graphite,%; P—porosity, %; 15 Sv; 2.7S; 14.5 (P-0.1) - the amount of iron carbides, manganese sulfides and phosphide eutectic, respectively.

The given formula gives quite satisfactory agreement with experimental data.

In table 1 shows the density of various groups of cast irons.

The highest density is characterized by white cast irons that do not contain free graphite inclusions, and some alloy cast irons (chrome, nickel, chromium-nickel).

Table 1. Density of cast iron

Cast iron groupCast iron gradeStructure

Density, t/m2

White—Perlite, carbides

7,4-7,75

With flake graphite SCh15, SCh18 Ferritic, ferrite-pearlite

6,8-7,2

SCh20-SCh25Pearlite

7,0-7,3

SCh30, SCh35Pearlite

7,2-7,4

High-strength with vermicular or spherical graphiteHF 35-HF 45Ferritic

7,1-7,2

HF 60-HF 80Pearlite

7,2-7,3

HF 100Bainite

7,2-7,35

MalleableKCh 30-6/KCh 37-12Ferritic

7,2-7,24

KCh 45-7/KCh 65-3 Perlite

7,3-7,5

Alloyed Nickel with 34-36% NiAustenitic

7,5-7,7

Nickel with copper type ChN15D7H2 - non-resist -

7,4-7,6

Chrome type ChH28, ChH32—

7,3-7,6

Chrome-nickel—

7,6-7,8

Silicon type C15, C17 Ferritic

6,7-7,0

Cast iron with 12% Mn—

7,1-7,3

Aluminum: with 5-8% Al type ChYu22Sh - chugal -

6,4-6,7

Ferritic
5,6-6,0

In gray cast iron, the density is usually greater, the higher the strength of the cast iron.

High-strength cast iron, all other things being equal (the same content of silicon, pearlite and graphite), is characterized by a higher density than cast iron with flake graphite. However, in many cases this density may actually be lower than that of gray cast irons due to the higher carbon and silicon content or greater ferritization of the matrix.

Austenitic cast irons are also characterized by higher density due to their denser structure, especially when alloyed with nickel and chalk, the density of which is greater than that of iron.

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When alloyed with manganese, the density of austenite decreases slightly. The density of ferritic silicon and aluminum cast irons is even lower.

In all cases, the density of castings is affected by porosity (gas, shrinkage), the value of which usually ranges from 0.5 to 1.2% depending on the composition of the cast iron, the nature of crystallization and technological factors (feed efficiency, wall thickness, etc.

), which, in turn, are determined by the manufacturability of the casting design. The most important are the feeding conditions and the hydrostatic pressure under which the casting hardens.

Therefore, the density in the upper parts of large castings can be 5% less than in the lower parts, and in the center - 10% less than at the periphery.

The density of graphitized cast iron also decreases with increasing casting wall thickness due to an increase in the degree of graphitization and coarsening of graphite:

Wall thickness, mm Density, t/m 3

10	12,5	25	37
7,23	7,14	7,08	7,02

As the rigidity of the shape increases, the pre-shrinkage expansion and, consequently, the shrinkage porosity decreases. Therefore, castings made in metal molds, other things being equal, are denser than castings made in sand molds.

• In our design organization you can order a calculation of the density of cast iron based on a technological specification and/or a technological diagram of the production process.
• Density is a physical quantity defined as the ratio of the mass of a body to the volume occupied by this body.
• Density of cast iron = 7000 - 7300 kg/m3 (under normal conditions).

The density of cast iron can vary depending on environmental conditions (temperature and pressure). For the exact density of cast iron depending on environmental conditions, see the reference literature.

You can calculate density using this online density program.

This page provides basic, basic information about density. The exact density value depends on temperature and pressure. In our design organization you can order a density calculation for any material.

What is the density of cast iron? Link to main publication

Source: https://regionvtormet.ru/metally/plotnost-chuguna-i-udelnyj-ves-v-kg-opredelenie-znacheniya-po-tablitse-plotnosti-metallov.html

Gold Specific Gravity Markings

Labeling of gold jewelry, such as 585 gold and 999 gold, sometimes causes confusion among consumers. It is clear that the heavier the ingot, the more expensive it is, but the cost does not always depend on this.

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A few words about gold marking

Many people are familiar with this interesting fact: in terms of mass, a piece of the same lead can be slightly heavier than an ingot of gold, but it happens the other way around. It's all about the labeling. What do these combinations of numbers and letters mean?

In fact, there is nothing complicated about this; you can easily understand the meaning of the markings of gold products.

On many exchanges, such concepts as “heavier means more expensive” are not always applicable, but during operations for the purchase of the same scrap gold, silver, copper or lead, it is impossible to do without it.

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Caratage and the formula for calculating it

Among Western jewelers and scrap buyers of precious metals, the term “caratage” is common, denoted when marking products or bars with a large letter “K”.

It should immediately be noted that it should not be confused with logging - a term that has a place among those who extract gold or lead in mines, mines, and quarries. Pure gold has a specific gravity of 24 carats. If you pay attention to the marking, it will be designated as “24K”.

The categories of this metal are divided in the tables of buyers and jewelers from 8K to 24K, or from the smallest specific gravity to the largest.

Caratage for pure gold can also be expressed in decimal form and will be 0.999 purity. In this case, it is calculated by a simple formula, where the division of the actual caratage in pure gold is applicable. For an additional example, you can name another value, for example, in “14K”, which in decimal measurement is 0.583 (according to the formula: 14/24 = 0.583). For the same lead, this formula cannot be used.

There is a small exception, namely a feature associated with the most common gold markings. For 14k gold, the table below uses the 14K (14 karat) marking.

However, the example above states that 14K gold is actually 0.583 purity. Nevertheless, the 585 standard is also marked with 14 carats. The same applies to 417 (10K) and 917 (22K).

The rest of the list is self-explanatory: the sample number is in the left column of the table and the corresponding caratage is in the right.

Ratio of different official international samples

Table of common gold markings
333	8K
375	9K
416 or 417	10K
500	12K
583 or 585	14K
750	18K
916 or 917	22K
999	24K

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Secondary markings, their features and exceptions

General gold markings may be accompanied by one or more obscure secondary markings, not always indicating its specific gravity. The same applies to copper, silver, and platinum, which cannot be said about lead or iron unless it is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

So-called secondary markings may be specified by the manufacturer at his discretion. That is, the meanings of the markings can be numbers, letters, or some kind of logos.

Professionals try to either remember such features or enter them into a database that their colleagues can use.

But there are cases that should not be forgotten. Sometimes, just below the markings, for example, in 18K for 750, there are manufacturer’s labels with the year of production of the product. It could even be the logo of some automobile or furniture company with a date when these factories did not yet exist.

Such markings are excluded on pieces of lead; for the most part they are used only on precious metals.

If we look in detail at what such a mark means, we will have to study a large number of sources, and many experts will not immediately be able to interpret the meaning of such a marking.

Therefore, it is more important to pay attention to the sample in decimal format and caratage - they must correspond to the table or coincide with the value of the calculation using an already known formula. Novice buyers need to know this data, but not necessarily ordinary consumers.

Source: https://grammzolota.ru/vidy/udelnyiy-ves-svinets-probyi-585-999.html

Density and specific gravity of metals, use of tables for different materials in calculations, volumetric gravity of steel

Metal products are used in all spheres of human activity. Metals in the scientific sense are simple substances with specific properties (metallic luster, malleability, high electrical conductivity). In everyday life and in production, their alloys with other elements are often used. These solidified melts are also commonly called metals.

Definition and use of density

As you know, to find the density of a substance, its mass is divided by its volume. Density is a physical and chemical characteristic of a substance. She is constant. Materials for industrial production must meet this indicator. To denote it, it is customary to use the Greek letter ρ.

The density of iron is 7874 kg/m³, nickel - 8910 kg/m³, chromium - 7190 kg/m³, tungsten - 19250 kg/m³. Of course, this applies to hard alloys. In the molten state, substances have different characteristics.

In nature, only some metals are present in large quantities. The specific gravity of iron in the earth's crust is 4.6%, aluminum - 8.9%, magnesium - 2.1%, titanium - 0.63%. Metals are indispensable in most areas of human activity. Their production is growing year by year. For convenience, metals are divided into groups.

Iron and its alloys

Ferrous metals are usually called steel and cast iron of various grades. An alloy of iron and carbon is considered steel if the iron content is at least 45% and the carbon content is 0.1%-2.14%. Cast iron, accordingly, contains more carbon.

To obtain the necessary properties of steels and alloys, they are alloyed (alloying additives are added during remelting). This is how the specified grades are melted. All metal grades strictly comply with certain technical conditions. The properties of each brand are regulated by state standards.

Depending on the composition, the density of steel varies in the range of 7.6–8.8 (g/cm³) in the SGS or 7600–8800 (kg/m³) in the SI (this can be seen from Table 1). Of course, steel has a complex structure; it is not a mixture of different substances. However, the presence of these substances and their compounds changes properties, in particular density. Therefore, high-speed steels with a high tungsten content have the highest densities.

Non-ferrous metals and their alloys

Products made of bronze, brass, copper, aluminum are widely used in production:

• Bronzes are usually alloys of copper with tin, aluminum, lead and beryllium. However, in the Bronze Age, when the proportion of bronze in the total mass of metal products was almost 100%, these were copper-arsenic alloys.
• Zinc-based alloys - brass. Brass may contain tin, but its amount is less than zinc. Lead is sometimes added to produce free-flowing chips. In addition to jewelry alloys of brass and bronze, they are needed for machine and marine parts, hardware, and springs. Some varieties are used in aviation and rocketry.
• Duralumin (duralumin) - an alloy of aluminum and copper (copper 4.4%) is a high-strength alloy. Mainly used in aviation.
• Titanium is stronger than many steel grades. At the same time it is twice as light. These qualities have made it indispensable in most industries. It is also widely used in medicine (prosthetics). The share of titanium in the production of aircraft reaches 70% of all smelted in the world. About 15% of titanium is used for chemical engineering.
• Silver and gold are the first metals with which man became acquainted. Throughout the history of mankind, these metals have mostly been used for jewelry. And currently the trend continues.
• Due to its high refractoriness, tungsten is indispensable in instrument making. Its high density allows it to be used as radiation protection.
• Nickel and chromium form nichrome - a heat-resistant plastic alloy, very durable and reliable.

Different grades of steel and cast iron, bronze and other metals have different chemical compositions and different densities. The densities of all required materials are measured and systematized. Tables containing this data are available to users. With their help, you can easily find the mass of a product of a given shape.

Determination of product mass

All modern reference materials, GOST and technical specifications of enterprises have been adjusted in accordance with the international classification.

Using reference tables of densities of various materials, it is easy to determine their mass. This is especially true when items are heavy or appropriate scales are not available. To do this, you need to know their geometric parameters. Most often, you need to find out the mass of an object in the form of a cylinder, pipe or parallelepiped:

1. Metal rods are cylindrical in shape. Knowing the diameter and length, it is easy to find out the mass. Mass equals density times volume. Finding the volume of an object. It is obtained by multiplying the cross-sectional area by the length. The area of ​​a circle, knowing the diameter, is easy to determine. The squared diameter is multiplied by 3.14 (pi), divided by 4.
2. We obtain the mass of the pipe in the same way. When finding the area, we take the difference between the outer and inner diameter of the section.
3. To determine the mass of a sheet, bloom, slab or bar of rectangular cross-section, we determine the volume by multiplying the length, height and thickness. Multiply by the density from the reference book.

With such calculations, a small error is always allowed, because the shapes are not ideal. In practice it can be neglected. Manufacturers of metal products have developed special mass calculators for users. It is enough to enter unique dimensions in the appropriate windows and get the result.

What is specific gravity

Specific gravity is the density multiplied by the acceleration of gravity (gravity) or the ratio of the weight of a body to its volume. It is unacceptable to confuse it with density. However, this often occurs due to confusion between the concepts of mass and weight.

The weight of a body, and therefore its specific gravity, changes depending on the force of gravity. It is not a constant value. Depending on the place where the item is located, it has different meanings. This physical quantity will be different even at different points on the Earth.

The acceleration of gravity at the equator is greater than at the poles. Mass and density are constant.

For example, you can calculate the specific gravity of silver. On Earth, this value will be 10,500 kg/m³ (density of pure metal). Multiplying by 9.81 m/s2 (gravity), you can get 103005 N/m³. And on the Moon, 10,500 kg/m³ is multiplied by 1.62 m/s2 (gravity on the Moon). The result is different - 17.01 N/m³. In the cabin of a ship rotating around the Earth there is weightlessness and acceleration is zero. Consequently, the weight of any material here is zero.

All values ​​will be different. The greatest value will be in the first case, because on Earth the acceleration of gravity has the greatest significance. In zero gravity, a thing weighs nothing. The density of the same material will be the same anywhere. It is a constant.

In order to create tables of the specific gravity of metals on various planets (or in other conditions), it is necessary to know the acceleration of gravity and density.

Transportation of metal products

In the cargo transportation system, such a concept as “volumetric weight” is involved. If the mass of an object in one cubic meter is 167 kg, then this weight is considered physical, and if it is less, it is considered volumetric. For example, the mass of a cube of carbon steel is 7750 kg. In other words, the volumetric weight of steel is 7750 kg. These calculations are needed to determine how much volume the transported cargo will occupy.

However, depending on what metal products are transported, the volume will vary. Let's assume that there are several different hardware of the same grade of steel. In theory, they have the same density.

However, ingots, large-grade products and coils of wire have different volumes, and therefore, when transported, they will take up more or less space in transport. Thus, they have different volumetric weights.

Under any conditions, a cubic meter of steel is more than 167 kg, therefore, it cannot be called volumetric.

Source: https://obrabotkametalla.info/splavy/plotnost-i-udelnyj-ves-metallov

Specific gravity of gold and other physical properties - Natural Treasures

Gold is not the only yellow mineral found in nature. Few people know how to tell by eye that a piece of jewelry is made from a gold alloy and that it is not a fake.

The physical characteristics of gold and its main alloys are also useful in such a matter as refining gold from radio components.

In order not to confuse it with other metals of a similar color, you need to know the density and specific gravity of gold.

physical characteristics

Gold is a fairly heavy metal; its density ranks seventh among all metals on the periodic table and is 19.32 g per cubic centimeter.

Specific gravity is expressed differently in different unit systems. In the SI system it is newton per meter cubed, but most often jewelers use a non-systemic unit - grams per centimeter cubed.

This is done for convenience, so the density will be equal to the specific gravity.

Gold has the following physical properties:

• high strength,
• thermal conductivity,
• electrical conductivity,
• plastic,
• characteristic shine of metal.

The peculiarity of gold is its inertness. It is this characteristic that allows the metal to have the status of noble. This makes it possible to produce gold jewelry, because it does not oxidize and retains its original appearance for a long time.

For the jewelry industry, there is only one disadvantage of gold - its softness.

This drawback is circumvented by adding other metals to the alloy - alloying, which changes not only this characteristic, but also others: density, melting point.

Studying the quality of a product using special means

Some properties of different grades of gold are presented in the table.

High electrical conductivity characteristics along with inertness have made gold also an industrial metal. In terms of distribution, it is inferior to silver, but surpasses it in another quality: over time, silver oxidizes, but gold does not.

Specific gravity also plays a role in gold mining and in the production of alloys from it. High-quality alloys are obtained only by fusing metals with a small difference in density. Metals with a greater weight than gold can float during melting and form an inhomogeneous structure.

The melting point of gold is 1095 degrees. In addition, there is a hidden melting point. It is measured in kilocalories and represents the energy required to destroy the crystalline structure after the metal has been heated to its melting point. Gold is a diamagnetic metal - a metal that is not attracted to a magnet.

999 gold

In the mid-twentieth century, the United States decided to store the country's gold reserves only in bullion. The weight of the bar was set at 400 troy ounces. Now the mass of a gold bar is 11–13.3 kg. One ounce is 31 grams.

Back in the Middle Ages, the weight of one gold coin was 30 grams, and it turned out that this weight measurement was very convenient for jewelers. It is still in use today. In addition, in the metal stock market, the price of gold is set in dollars per ounce, not per gram. So the mass of gold in the coin is one ounce.

How to determine specific gravity at home?

To do this, you will need scales whose accuracy is about a gram. After weighing into a glass or any other container where there are marks on the volume of liquid, lower the product and see how much the volume has changed. The mass divided by this indicator will be equal to the density of the metal, and accordingly, the specific gravity in units of g/cm?

Metals with similar specific gravity values

There are several metals in nature that have a density similar to gold. These are uranium and tungsten.

Uranium will not be used to counterfeit gold for two reasons: firstly, it is radioactive, and secondly, it is not so easy to get. Tungsten is much more suitable for this.

But tungsten also differs from gold in hardness and color, which does not allow it to be passed off as gold.

Counterfeiters do things differently. Tungsten ingots are coated with gold on top. But it's not just fake bars that are made this way. It is also used to make gold-plated jewelry.

Externally, such products look the same as the real ones, but have different wear resistance characteristics and, accordingly, price. There are also simply tungsten products; they are popular among young people.

Jewelry made from lead, which has a soft structure, is also coated with gold. There is an opinion that lead can be easily distinguished by density or specific gravity, since this indicator is very different for gold. But that's not true. Gold is not used to make jewelry in its pure form, only in alloys.

In different alloys, the density of the product can vary, so products made of lead and 375 gold of the same size can weigh the same. Gold of other samples has much higher

Source: https://22av.ru/primenenie/udelnyj-ves-zolota-i-drugie-fizicheskie-svojstva.html

Specific gravity of metals and alloys: concept, indicators of the most common metals and alloys

In order to work productively with various materials, the master must be aware of all their physical properties and characteristics, which will help determine the nuances of the work process. This is a very important aspect regarding any workflow related to material handling in various industries.

The properties of almost all materials known to mankind have long been studied and any indicators can be recognized by the user, thanks to the huge amount of theoretical materials that are available in special books and reference books, and on the Internet.

Metals are a whole group of materials that are very widely used in various industrial fields. Their processing is not the easiest process, since physical or thermal intervention . Therefore, it is very important to know many of the physical properties of such materials.

The specific gravity of metals is one of the very important characteristics that you need to know when processing them. This article will discuss some indicators of the specific gravity of different metals, which may later be useful to the user.

Determination of metal specific gravity

First you need to define what specific gravity is. This will make it easier to subsequently understand all the indicators, as well as use the acquired knowledge when processing workpieces made from this durable material.

Specific gravity is the ratio of a homogeneous body of this substance to the volume of this material. An interesting point that can be immediately highlighted from this is that, in essence, the specific gravity of a metal is its density .

This value, that is, the specific gravity of the metal, is measured in kg/cubic meter. m. This is the unit of measurement most often indicated in various technical reference books. Sometimes other units of measurement may be indicated, but in domestic sources they are much less common.

If a reference book containing the necessary data about a particular metal is not at hand, then the specific gravity can be calculated using the well-known formula:

In this formula, y denotes the specific gravity, which will later have to be calculated, P is the weight, and V is the volume . Using this formula, you can already perform a calculation with known data on weight and volume.

Specific gravity of various metals

After defining the very concept of the specific gravity of a given material, you can move on to some indicators that can subsequently assist in working with metals.

Of course, it’s no secret that each metal, as well as each alloy, has its own indicators of this value, different from others. In order not to get confused in all the available data on various alloys and metals, metals and alloys will be considered separately below.

Specific gravity of metals

First, we should consider metals that do not contain impurities and have their own chemical designation in the periodic table.

Metals are divided into ferrous and non-ferrous. The most typical black “representative” is iron. Its specific gravity will be indicated in the table below. The table will also show the specific gravity of ferrous metals such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, nickel, and titanium.

The remaining materials that are present in the table, but were not named in the list of metals above, are non-ferrous. All non-ferrous metals that will be listed below can be divided into three groups:

• light: aluminum, magnesium;
• noble metals, also called precious: semi-precious copper, silver, gold, platinum;
• fusible metals: tin, zinc, lead.

Specific gravity of metal alloys

Of course, the specific gravity of metals is extremely useful information, and this would be quite enough for a purely introductory reading of this article. But it should be remembered that pure metals are rarely used in construction and other areas. Usually they are replaced by various alloys , which can be divided into two groups: light and heavy.

Due to their outstanding high-temperature mechanical properties and serious strength indicators, alloys have long firmly taken their place in various industries and various industrial fields.

The most common base materials for light alloys are titanium, beryllium, aluminum and magnesium.

But it is worth mentioning the fact that alloys that were created on the basis of the last two metal elements cannot be used in working conditions where high temperatures are provided.

The basis for heavy alloys are the following elements: tin, lead, zinc, copper. Most often, heavy alloys such as brass and bronze . They are quite often used in various industries due to their excellent mechanical properties. These alloys are used to make sanitary fittings, as well as parts used in architecture.

Below is a table containing data on the specific gravity of some alloys:

All the alloys presented in the table above are among the most popular in a wide variety of industrial fields and are used for the manufacture of a wide variety of items used by people in everyday life.

conclusions

• Specific gravity is a value that is the ratio of weight to volume and is measured in kg/cubic meter. m. May also be mentioned in some sources as density.
• Specific gravity indicators can be used to better process them, which can subsequently affect the quality of the final product.
• It may be mentioned that this quantity of metals can also be measured in other units of measurement. The indicators given in the article and in the tables, expressed in kg/cc, are very often used in domestic sources and reference books, but you can also stumble upon another unit of measurement, also quite widely used to indicate specific gravity. This is g/cubic. m. If suddenly the user comes across data expressed in a given unit of measurement, but it is easier for him to navigate in terms of kg/cub.m, then there is no need to be upset. You just need to multiply the g/cc figure by 1000.
• Using the values ​​​​given in the tables, you can easily find out the weight of the existing part. In order to calculate the mass of a part, you only need to calculate its volume. This is done in order to subsequently multiply it by the density of the material from which the part was made.

Source: https://stanok.guru/stanki/metallorezhuschiy-stanok/udelnyy-ves-metallov-i-splavov.html

Specific gravity of gold: how much does a cube of different purity weigh (585, 999), how to calculate it yourself at home | mk-soyuz.rf

Good afternoon. Today I will continue talking about precious metals. We admire their shine in openwork items, price them in jewelry stores, weigh them in our hands, feeling the pleasant heaviness of the precious metal.

Today my friend brought a ring and asks me to determine the material of the product. You can't tell by color whether it's gold or platinum. The sample is half erased and cannot be seen. From my school physics course, I vaguely remember that the specific gravity of gold is very high. Does this have any significance? I'll try to figure it out.

Table of specific gravity of gold depending on the sample

Gold is a soft metal. To improve its technological properties, various alloys are added to the alloy. The sample indicates the proportion of precious metal in thousandths of the alloy. Hallmark 999 is an alloy containing 999 parts of pure gold and 1 part of impurities. Impurities significantly affect the density of the alloy:

Try	% precious metal	Density g/cm3
375	37,5	11,55
585	58,5	12,85–13,24
750	75,0	15,3–16,6
999	99,9	19,3

The difference in density for the same alloy sample is due to the different composition of impurities (silver, palladium and copper, which paint products in different colors).

How to determine specific gravity at home

If necessary, at home you can determine the density of the product and use tables to approximately determine its composition.

1. I weigh the product with an accuracy of 0.1 g: the ring brought for examination showed 2.5 g.
2. I pour purified water into a beaker and measure the level in milliliters according to its divisions.
3. I lower the product into a beaker with purified water and measure the new level.
4. I determine the change in liquid level (by the difference of two measurements). My product volume is approximately 0.25 ml.
5. I divide the result of step 1 by the amount of volume (item 4). When dividing 2.5/0.25 = 10 g/cm3 (since 1 ml = 1 cm3). My measurements showed that the product (taking into account measurement error) is made of silver (10.5 g/cm3).

Tungsten has a density close to gold (compare its 19.25 g/cm3 with the table). But tungsten has much greater hardness. Therefore, for counterfeiting, tungsten ingots can be coated with gold on top.

Jewelry made of lead with gold plating has the same density as jewelry made of 375 gold. The 417 standard used in the West is easily counterfeited. The 585 sample, popular in Russia, differs significantly in density from lead (11.34 g/cm3).

Conclusion

Specific gravity is an important indicator characterizing the quantitative characteristics of the precious metal content in an alloy. GOST 68352002 “Gold and alloys based on it” strictly defines the percentage, composition of impurities and specific gravities of alloys. If necessary, you can always distinguish gold from other metals, even if there is no hallmark on the product.

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Source: https://xn----ntbhhmr6g.xn--p1ai/dragmetallyi/kak-samostoyatelno-opredelit-udelnyiy-ves-zolota-tablitsa-vesov-po-probam

Forms of using 999 gold and how its value has changed in recent years

In nature, noble metal is not found in its pure form; it contains various types and amounts of impurities. The alloy, which contains minimal addition of foreign elements, has the highest standard - 999. In this regard, we can immediately conclude that 999 standard gold will have the highest price compared to other alloys. It is this that sets the tone for the cost per gram of all precious metals. Based on it, an analysis of the global economy is also made.

Basic properties

Important properties of the noble metal are various physical and mechanical aspects:

1. In itself it is quite a heavy metal.
   The density of gold is also high and equal to 19.32 g/cm3. The specific gravity of a metal is a unit of calculation that indicates its density. Specific gravity is important when producing an alloy. The highest quality is a mixture of metals with a slight difference in specific gravity.
2. The color of the alloy can indicate the impurities present in it. The shade of red is a sign of the presence of copper in it. Platinum, silver or tin can change the color from yellow to white. A bluish-white tint indicates the presence of lead.
3. The melting point of gold is 1095 degrees Celsius. Only in this case does it melt and become liquid.

Receipt methods

Basically, the noble metal is extracted from ore and alluvial deposits using various methods:

1. Sifting is considered the oldest method of extraction. This method is based on the large difference in the specific gravity of the rocks. The disadvantage is a large loss of metal.
2. Amalmagation has also been known for a long time. In this technique, the gold ore is first crushed. Then you need to add a solution of sodium cyanide and precipitate with zinc.
3. Gold ore is a source of precious metal. In this case, it is extracted using the refining method. To do this, the ore is first roasted. Zinc is then added and the metal is separated using sulfuric acid.

The influence of various factors on the price

Many are concerned about the question of how much a gram costs today. The cost of 999 gold depends on many factors:

1. One of the main reasons influencing the cost of a gram of 999 gold is the mining volume. An important rule of economics “demand creates supply” applies here. 999 gold is a rare material and therefore expensive. If you increase the volume of production, its cost and profits of enterprises will drop significantly. Therefore, extracting precious material in large quantities is not economically profitable for mining companies.
2. How much 1 gram of 999 gold costs depends on the demand for it. This material is mainly used in the manufacture of jewelry and high-tech products. Companies purchase precious material for commerce, and the volume of purchases is easy to predict. The higher the demand, the higher the price of 999 gold.
3. The cost of 1 gram of gold also depends on the exchange rate stability of the US dollar on the London Currency Exchange. The principle of inverse relationship comes into play here: if the exchange rate rises, the price of 999 gold falls, and vice versa. This is due to the fact that, fearing losing profits when the currency rate falls, investors begin to invest money in precious metals. As demand grows, prices rise.

   On the London Stock Exchange, the exchange rate is displayed in troy ounces of gold. The question immediately arises, how many grams are in an ounce? One troy ounce contains 31.1 g of metal.

4. The price of 999 gold is also influenced by the policy of the Central Bank. More than 60% of the reserves of large states are precisely 999 gold. If they begin to accumulate or, conversely, distribute their reserves, the price of 1 gram changes.
5. As for investing in precious metals for an ordinary buyer, it is impossible to predict the gold rate here. This is due to the fact that there is practically no freely available information about fluctuations on the currency exchange, and what appears is already taken into account by the foreign exchange market, and there is no point in relying on it. Therefore, you can buy or sell precious metal based on online data that is available around the clock. The quote shows any fluctuations in the currency and precious materials market.

The cost per gram has varied over the years. For comparison, you can look at data for the last five years.

YearCost of 1 gram in rubles

2012	1666,34
2013	1435,45
2014	1565,37
2015	2275,44
2016	2682,96

In 2017, the cost of a gram of 999 gold is about 2300.

Dependence of price on form

On the Russian gold and foreign exchange market, the cost of gold 999 depends on the form of its release. It can be bought and sold as bullion (the weight of the bullion is also important here), commemorative coins, metal deposits in a bank:

• the retail price of a gold bar is higher than the market price. This is due to the fact that the price includes VAT, which is 18%, and the bank’s commission for the sale of the bullion. To understand how much such an investment costs, you need to know how much a gold bar weighs. In Russia, a 999 gold bar is produced according to GOST, which implies a gold weight of no more than 1 kg. Then the question arises, how much is a kilogram of gold worth? It is not difficult to calculate the approximate cost, based on the price of 05 or 10 grams of precious metal. How much 10 g costs can be traced on the foreign exchange market. It is 22,500 rubles. From this we conclude that for a kilogram of 999 fine gold you will have to pay about 2,000,000 rubles;
• If we talk about the convenience and reliability of investing, then the best option is impersonal metal bank accounts. In this case, the buyer of the precious metal does not need to spend additional funds on the protection and transportation of the metal. In addition, a bank client can sell gold savings at any time. This investment option is also beneficial because its purchase is not subject to VAT;
• An equally profitable investment is buying gold coins. Here the price depends on many factors. As a rule, the cost of commemorative coins is quite high, since it includes the work of production, the exclusivity of the issue, and the number of coins. In addition, other precious metals and stones may be used in production. And many exclusive coins are true masterpieces for collectors. In this case, even after decades, the value of the coins will be high, since it depends not on the price per gram, but on the collection value.

But such a treasure must be handled with extreme care, because when sold, the value is affected not only by the exclusivity of the circulation, but also by the appearance of the coin. Scratches and chips are taken into account here. And if the coin doesn’t look right, the bank may not accept it and refuse to redeem it. In this case, it can only be sold to jewelers at the price of scrap.

The noble metal was and is an excellent means of investment. Its value is not invested and has approximately tripled over the past 10 years. But fluctuations in the foreign exchange market continue to affect the price of one gram of gold metal.

Source: https://ProDragmetally.ru/o-zolote/tipy/formy-ispolzovaniya-999-proby.html

What is the specific gravity of precious metals and how does it affect the price?

Have you accidentally seen a beautiful platinum ring and intend to get a copy of it, but in the gold version of the precious metal? Or do you want to duplicate earrings made of 585 gold from platinum raw materials? Modern jewelry craftsmen will be able to fulfill any whim, but at the same time the price for the work may become an unexpected surprise for the customer. In this situation, both the cost of a gram of metal and its specific gravity play a significant role.

What it is?

Noble metals are practically never observed in nature in their purest form. As a rule, they contain various impurities that directly affect the final price of jewelry products made from such raw materials.

An alloy where a small amount of other additions is observed is characterized by a higher purity - 999. From this it follows that, for example, 999 purity gold should have a higher cost than other alloys. And it is this gold that will set the tone for pricing per gram of all precious metals.

Key Features

Each of the precious metals has certain physical and mechanical parameters. It is these indicators that enable specialists to indicate their so-called specific gravity. All jewelry of identical volume, made of different metals, differ in their weight. The density of each individual alloy is determined by a special formula and has a great influence on the calculation of the specific gravity of the metal.

It is worth noting that making jewelry from pure metal is very impractical. For example, gold and silver are characterized by excessive softness, and therefore they need improvement. By increasing strength and wear resistance, changing the color tone, specialists directly influence the sample of raw materials, which ultimately affects the final cost of the finished jewelry product.

Indicators of the specific gravity of the most popular precious metals

If we talk about the physical characteristics of noble metals, then in this case you should pay attention to the following parameters:

• strength;
• electrical and thermal conductivity;
• plastic;
• brightness and characteristic shine.

It is the measurement of these indicators that is taken into account when working with alloys in jewelry. Noting the most common metals used as primary raw materials, the following can be noted:

• Gold - specific gravity - 19.3 g/cm3.

Gold is characterized by a high degree of density and heaviness, which automatically puts it in 7th place among other metals. As already mentioned, its only drawback is softness, which is “corrected” by adding various impurities. It must be said that due to the high specific gravity of gold, its mining is very profitable.

• Silver – specific gravity – 10.5 g/cm3.

This metal, extremely resistant to corrosion, is characterized by low resistance. Despite the fact that, like gold, it is soft, its specific gravity and density are also quite high.

• Platinum - the specific gravity of this metal is considered one of the highest - 21.45 g per cubic centimeter.

Among other things, it is characterized by increased fire resistance and at the same time does not lend itself to deformation processes. The unique characteristics of platinum make it possible to produce alloys with a high content of platinum in finished products.

Special tables of the density of metals and alloys allow jewelers to accurately determine the future price of the product they will be working with. These data are well known to specialists, but are not always known to ordinary consumers.

Source: https://silvers.in.ua/chto-takoe-udelnyiy-ves-dragotsennyih-metallov-i-kak-on-vliyaet-na-tsenu.html

Specific gravity of gold

Gold has long been considered a sign of power and wealth, a symbol of power and prosperity. From time immemorial, man has mined this precious metal for use in various areas of life. Entire teachings about alchemy were created that told how to extract gold from lead and mercury.

Gold

Today, gold is actively used not only for the manufacture of jewelry and memorabilia, but also in medicine, as well as for profitable investment. However, whatever one may say, gold is most often used on a large scale for making jewelry, which often costs as much as real estate. There are many different samples of this metal (583, 585, 750, 999 and others). The most famous gold standard in jewelry stores is the 585 standard.

585 gold

This standard appeared in Russia at the beginning of 1994, because it was then that the Russian government set itself the task of making the quality of the gold produced correspond to world standards. Before this decision was made, gold was predominantly 583 fine.

Gold jewelry

In the modern world, 585 gold is actively used to make stunning jewelry. At the same time, owners of such jewelry do not always know how to correctly determine the specific gravity of 585 gold.

Composition of 585 gold

First you need to understand that the sample of gold determines its density. In other words, how much pure gold is in the product itself?

Any decoration has two components:

• the metal being tested (directly the content of gold itself in the product);
• alloy metals (various impurities that help give the product strength and the required color in the output).

It is important to remember that, by its natural properties, gold is a very soft metal, so in itself it is unsuitable for the invention of jewelry.

Jewelry 585

What does the composition of 585 gold look like:

1. Pure gold (58.5%).
2. Copper (33.5%).
3. Silver (8%).

It is this composition that allows the product to be durable and beautiful at the same time. Moreover, this composition provides a color familiar to our eyes with a reddish warm tint. If it is necessary to obtain a cooler color, it is necessary to use more silver in the alloy. Knowing these nuances, you can determine by eye which alloy metal predominates in the alloy.

How can one determine the specific gravity of gold? This precious metal is quite heavy and its specific gravity is expressed in g/cm3. So the specific gravity of gold is 19.3 g/cm3. In fact, the specific gravity indicator is equal to the density of the metal.

This is why the specific gravity of gold and silver, for example, will be different, since the density of these metals is different. The density of metals itself is different. For example, the specific gravity of gold and lead will vary significantly, since the weight of lead is 11.336 g/cm3.

Lead, in principle, is not a precious metal, so calculating its density is unlikely to be of interest to jewelry lovers.

Specific gravity of 999 gold

This sample is recognized as the purest from an economic point of view and is actively used by banks to provide investment opportunities. The 999 sample got its name due to the density of gold in the alloy, which is 99.9%. It is easy to guess that the specific gravity of gold in such an alloy will be equal to 99.9% of the weight of the entire product.

999 gold bars

However, most often the 999 standard can be found exclusively in the form of bank bars. This is due to the fact that 999 standard is not suitable for making jewelry, as it is too difficult to work with. The fact that this alloy contains practically no impurities makes the work of jewelers almost impossible.

At the same time, it is easy to trace the pattern: the standard of gold expresses precisely its weight. For example, in a 750-carat product, the density of pure gold is 75%. For example, if we imagine a gold bar weighing one kilogram, we understand that it will consist of 750 grams of pure gold and 250 grams of alloy metals.

As mentioned above, the density of metals is different. However, there are indicators very close to each other. For example, the specific gravity of tungsten and gold is almost the same. This is why tungsten, with a density of 19.129 g/cm3, is very attractive to counterfeiters.

Today, masters of modern alchemy do not strive to obtain gold metal from mercury, but actively use tungsten to make counterfeits. A metal such as tungsten can be used to create ingots, the composition of which can only be determined by an experienced person. In order to avoid unpleasant situations, purchase jewelry from certified stores that provide quality guarantees, seal all products and put the appropriate hallmark on them.

Source: http://zolotoigid.ru/ves-zolota