How long does it take for cold metal welding to dry?
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A group of adhesive compositions, united by the common name “cold welding”, is used for durable permanent connections of metals and plastics and other materials. The method is actively used in the repair of cars and plumbing, in manufacturing and construction.
In terms of strength and durability, the method, which does not require heating of the workpieces, approaches “hot” welding if a number of conditions are met. How to prepare materials for cold welding, what are the conditions of use, how long does cold welding take to dry - the reliability of the seam depends on these nuances
What it is?
The method of joining parts is based on the action of strong solvents. The surfaces of the workpieces are lubricated with the composition and allowed to sit for some time. The glue increases the plasticity of the surface layers of two parts, and upon compression, mutual penetration of their molecules occurs.
An intermediate layer is created in which interatomic interaction occurs between these molecules. When the composition hardens, the two parts are combined into a single whole, the layer resembles a frozen hot weld seam.
In order for the method to work, a number of conditions must be met:
- thorough preparation of workpiece surfaces - they must be cleaned of mechanical contamination and degreased;
- strong compression of parts to ensure interpenetration of softened surface layers;
- strict adherence to the soaking time of lubricated surfaces, compression time and hardening time specified in the instructions before use.
The method is widely used for express repair of plumbing equipment, vehicles, and household repairs.
Formulation options
Cold welding for metals consists of three main components:
- Epoxy resin. This is the main binding component that creates strong bonds between the molecules of the materials being connected;
- Filler. Metal powder, similar in composition to the material of the parts being glued. Serves to increase the strength and heat resistance of the seam;
- Additional additives. Sulfur, silicon, other elements or compounds are selected depending on the purpose of the composition and serve to improve certain properties of the future compound.
It is the quantitative content of additional additives that distinguishes the compositions offered by different manufacturers.
Correct use
The time required for the adhesive to harden is always indicated in the user manual relative to a certain temperature, most often it is room temperature - +20 ° C. At elevated temperatures the composition will harden faster, at lower temperatures it will harden more slowly. It is not worth using cold welding if the temperature has dropped below the minimum permissible. No matter how long the seam is dried, it still will not become strong and reliable.
Equally important is compliance with the humidity conditions of use. With high humidity, the composition simply will not be able to harden; with low humidity, hardening will occur much faster, and you may not have time to attach the parts to each other.
If the cold welding has frozen, you will have to throw it away and prepare a new batch.
Drying time and application rules
The instructions for use indicate three time periods, each of which must be strictly observed:
- exposure of surfaces lubricated with the composition;
- compression of parts;
- allow the composition to dry completely before using the product.
If the exposure time is violated, if you do not begin to compress the parts immediately after application, the solvent does not have time to soften the near-surface layer, and contact between the parts will not occur over the entire surface. If, on the contrary, you overexpose the lubricated surfaces, the composition has time to dry and when compressed, the layers will not mix. The dried layer of glue will have to be removed
If there is not enough time when compressing the parts, then the interpenetration of the softened layers does not occur, and the connection will be fragile.
Application
Before applying cold seal, surfaces must be prepared. They are cleaned of mechanical contamination with sandpaper or a grinder, and then thoroughly degreased and dried. Any dust or grease stain remaining on the surface will negate the effect of the composition.
The preparation of two-component glue, liquid or plastic, is carried out immediately before starting work. Within half an hour or an hour, the prepared composition becomes unusable, and you have to mix the next portion.
Now you can apply the composition to the surfaces to be glued, level it with a spatula in order to remove excess.
After waiting the time specified in the instructions, you should firmly squeeze the workpieces until they set.
Next, be sure to wait for the glue to dry completely. Only after this you can start using the product.
Speed depending on product brand
The table shows how long it takes for completely cold welding of different brands to set and harden.
| Name | Setting time, min | Complete hardening, hour | T, oC |
| Linol | 30 | 6 | 20 |
| Penosil | 5 | 1 | 17 |
| Diamond | 20 | 2,5 | 18 |
| Zollex | 60 | 18 | 20 |
| Nowax | 15-20 | 3 | 18-20 |
| Poxipol | 30 | 3 | 16-18 |
| Abro | 5 | 1 | 18 |
Application in car repair
Cold welding is often used for express repairs of various vehicle parts in the field. It is much easier for them to knead two pieces that look like plasticine, or mix liquids from two tubes, faster than taking a welding machine to the site of a breakdown.
Most often, cold welding is used to repair leaky pipelines, radiators, mufflers, gas tanks, gluing a broken crankcase into place with a fragment, etc.
An important advantage of cold welding over hot welding is that:
- no need to remove the part from the car;
- there is no need to ventilate the gas tank and fuel lines to remove gasoline vapors from them;
- You can continue driving under your own power after repairs.
You need to understand that the service life of a gas tank or radiator repaired in this way in conditions of constant vibration is exactly until the nearest service center, where a full sealing or replacement of the unit will be required.
Linoleum
Cold welding is actively used in construction and home renovation to connect strips of linoleum into a single sheet.
The main advantages of this method:
- solidity of the connected fabric, uniformity of texture and color;
- no complex equipment or high temperatures required;
- No special skills are required - just strictly follow the instructions.
There are three main types of linoleum glue used:
- A: for discreet butt jointing of factory-cut, well-fitted sheets with a small gap (up to 2 mm)
- C: for filling gaps up to 4 mm formed during manual cutting;
- T: professional composition for gluing multilayer linoleum models.
For cold welding, the edges of the linoleum sheets are cleaned and degreased. Painting tape is applied to the seam area, and it is cut with a sharp mounting knife exactly along the seam line. Next, a needle-nozzle is inserted into the slot, placed on a tube of glue, and the seam is filled with glue using a uniform movement of the hand. Excess is removed with a rag.
Source: https://cial-auto.ru/stati/skolko-sohnet-holodnaya-svarka-po-metallu.html
What is cold welding and where is it used?
November 30, 2017
Reading time: 6.5 minutes
Cold welding is a special composition that can be used to glue different materials without exposure to heat, as with conventional welding. Bonding occurs due to the deformation of the welding mass and its penetration into the surfaces of the parts being joined.
In other words, we can say that cold welding is the glue for metals. In terms of seam strength, it is not inferior to traditional welding.
There are many different types of adhesives for different surfaces on sale:
- metal;
- wood;
- universal;
- for cars;
- linoleum;
- and others.
Kinds:
- Liquid. The base is epoxy resin.
- Plastic - produced in the form of two-layer or single-layer blocks, in appearance they resemble ordinary children's plasticine.
Used for repair:
- car;
- household communications - pipes;
- sanitary fixtures (baths, toilets);
- pieces of furniture.
Also used in renovations, for example, when laying linoleum.
How long does it take for cold welding to dry?
Drying time directly depends on the temperature and humidity level in the room. The lower the temperature, the longer the drying process. The best option is a room temperature of 15-17 degrees Celsius; if lower, the substance hardens worse.
In addition, the temperature at which the composition was prepared is of great importance. If the room is cold, the substance may not take on the desired consistency.
High humidity or, conversely, excessive dryness impairs the quality of adhesion of the substance to the surface.
If the material has hardened before application, it should be discarded and a new one made. If the substance hardens very quickly after application, you can check the quality of welding by heating. If the heating does not leave the material behind the surface and does not begin to bubble, then everything is fine. Otherwise, it should be removed and application repeated.
Application in car repair
Cold welding is a necessary item in the repair kit of every motorist, especially when it comes to long journeys.
The glue does not react chemically with gasoline, motor oil, or diesel fuel.
In a car, welding is usually used to repair a gas tank, radiator, muffler, and gluing torn metal parts.
Advantages:
- no additional tools are needed for repairs;
- no special skills required for application;
- There is no need to drain gasoline or oil first.
Application cold welding
- Surface preparation. If you have to work in the “field,” then you can do without this stage. But if possible, it is better to clean the metal with sandpaper, since in this case the glue will stick better. The more small scratches and irregularities, the better the grip.
- Degreasing. If there is no special product, even gasoline will do. You need to wet a cloth with gasoline and wipe the work area.
- Preparing material for work. If the glue is a two-component liquid, then it must be mixed in the proportions indicated on the package. Solids are mixed by kneading. When mixed, the substance does not heat up much.
The material contains substances harmful to the skin, so we recommend working with gloves.
If welding is sold in a special syringe, then, as a rule, when pressed, the glue and hardener are squeezed out of the syringe at the same time. But the substance should not be applied immediately in this form. We recommend squeezing it into a separate container, stirring it and only then applying it to the work area.
You should not squeeze out a lot of material at once; the weld dries out quickly and you may not have time to use it.
Initial hardening occurs within 5-20 minutes after application, but final hardening may take up to 24 hours. Do not place any load on the surface during this time. Information about the exact drying time of your particular glue can always be found on the packaging, in the instructions for use.
Do not forget that despite all its advantages, cold welding is an epoxy adhesive and therefore is best used only for minor damage, or as a temporary measure.
Cold welding and linoleum
At home, welding is used to glue linoleum.
Benefits of use:
- reliability and neatness of the seams, which are almost colorless;
- no special tools or equipment needed. Unlike hot welding, heating up to 400 degrees is not required;
- No special skills or physical effort are required when working.
Types of adhesives:
When choosing, you should focus on the flooring material and the importance of neat seams.
Type A glue is more liquid than the others, due to the solvent in the composition, due to which the edges for gluing dissolve. Large cracks cannot be filled with such material; the maximum thickness is 2 mm.
The advantage of the substance is that the seams are colorless and invisible, while being strong and wear-resistant.
Recommended for use on new linoleum with perfectly straight edges. If the flooring is cut yourself at home. It is better to use a different type of glue.
Type C is usually used for old linoleum. It contains less solvent and more PVC.
The material can be used where there are large gaps up to 4 mm; precise adjustment is not required.
Type T is used very rarely, as a rule by professional craftsmen for gluing multi-component linoleums, including semi-commercial ones.
Recommendations for use
- To get smooth edges, you should cut two pieces of paper at the same time. To do this, you need to buy building materials with a reserve, taking into account that when cutting you will need an overlap of about 6 cm.
- You should work with gloves and using a special needle tip for a tube of glue. It is necessary to ensure that the substance does not get on the surface of the linoleum.
- If material does end up on the floor covering, there is no need to try to remove it immediately. Wait until the glue dries and carefully cut it off with a utility knife.
Source: https://tze1.ru/articles/detail/chto-takoe-kholodnaya-svarka-i-gde-ona-primenyaetsya/
How long does it take for cold welding to dry?
Cold welding refers to universal compounds that serve for particularly strong bonding of various materials. Due to its high quality, it resembles real welding. Naturally, no melting of substances or effects of temperature are observed here, but the accuracy of the process technology is also important here.
When people encounter a substance for the first time, they may have a question about how long it takes for cold welding to dry, since the substance quickly changes its shape and plasticity properties, therefore, its behavior is quite difficult to predict. Sometimes cold welding does not harden for a long period of time, or, on the contrary, it may begin to dry out even before it is completely used for repairs.
All this depends on the specific brand, its composition and environmental conditions.
There are a lot of different options on the market that are designed for various gluing purposes. These may be substances for:
- Metal;
- Wood;
- Linoleum;
- Gluing under water;
- High temperature operating conditions;
- Car repair;
- Universal.
This is not a complete list, but in each case some differences in composition will be observed.
Thus, before each use, it is advisable to read the instructions on the package. After all, how long the Almaz cold welding takes to dry will differ from how long the ABRO cold welding dries.
In any case, you should follow the exact instructions, since the drying period is the most dangerous moment. At this time, the material is very vulnerable to external influences, including temperature.
Of course, if it is not possible to follow all the instructions, in emergency mode everything can also be used for repairs, but then it is better to redo the work under normal conditions in order to achieve nominal parameters.
Application of cold welding
Correct application and effect on drying speed
The hardening time of cold welding is usually indicated at a certain temperature. In most cases, it is room temperature at +15-17 degrees Celsius.
The lower this indicator, the slower the composition will dry; however, do not forget that in extreme cold the quality of the bond itself deteriorates. This is due not only to how long the cold welding hardens, but also to the conditions under which the composition is prepared.
At low temperatures, it may not take on the proper consistency, which will also be a negative factor.
An important parameter that few people pay attention to is relative humidity. In most cases, there are no problems with it, especially if we are talking about repairs at home or a specially prepared place in the workshop. But in other cases, increased humidity or greater dryness will worsen the quality of adhesion and speed up the drying process accordingly. All this leads to disruption of technology and it is undesirable to allow such things.
Many people do not know what to do if cold welding has dried out prematurely. If this started before use, then you should prepare new material and simply throw away the old one. If the weld has dried out prematurely after application, the seam should be checked using heating. If bubbles and other deformations do not begin to appear on it, and it does not begin to lag behind the surface, then everything is in order.
One thing that should also be understood is that while drying takes several hours, depending on the brand, this is only a primary phenomenon. After all, at this time only 90-95% freezes. The rest reaches the desired condition within a day. This may be important in case of operation under emergency conditions. There is a dependence on how long the cold cooking lasts and how long it dries out.
Drying speed data
To understand whether cold welding for linoleum, or another type, dries, it is worth familiarizing yourself with its characteristics.
| Brand | Primary drying, minutes | Secondary drying, hours | Temperature, degrees Celsius |
| Linol | 30 | 6 | 20 |
| Penosil | 5 | 1 | 17 |
| Alteco | 20 | 2,5 | 18 |
| Zollex | 60 | 18 | 20 |
| Nowax | 15-20 | 3 | 18-20 |
| Poxipol | 30 | 3 | 16-18 |
Thus, it is clearly seen that there is a big difference in how long cold welding takes to harden, depending on the scope of its application and brand. There is a pattern that the stronger and more complex the composition of the material, the longer it will take to dry.
For example, if you compare how long it takes for Poxipol cold welding for metal to dry with that used for gluing wood, you will notice that this parameter has increased several times.
If you follow all the parameters indicated on the packaging, you will be able to get the same result that you expected.
Source: https://stroyvolga.ru/%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1% 85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1% 81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0/
Drying time for cold welding: recommendations for use
A group of adhesive compositions, united by the common name “cold welding”, is used for durable permanent connections of metals and plastics and other materials. The method is actively used in the repair of cars and plumbing, in manufacturing and construction.
In terms of strength and durability, the method, which does not require heating of the workpieces, approaches “hot” welding if a number of conditions are met. How to prepare materials for cold welding, what are the conditions of use, how long does cold welding take to dry - the reliability of the seam depends on these nuances
How long does it take for cold welding to harden?
November 30, 2017
Reading time: 6.5 minutes
Cold welding is a special composition that can be used to glue different materials without exposure to heat, as with conventional welding. Bonding occurs due to the deformation of the welding mass and its penetration into the surfaces of the parts being joined.
In other words, we can say that cold welding is the glue for metals. In terms of seam strength, it is not inferior to traditional welding.
There are many different types of adhesives for different surfaces on sale:
- metal;
- wood;
- universal;
- for cars;
- linoleum;
- and others.
Composition options “Cold welding”
The purpose of bonding mainly depends on the material that needs to be repaired or joined. The adhesive can be intended for the following works:
- Hardware;
- Wood;
- Linoleum;
- Connecting parts under water or exposed to moist air;
- Operation must take place at high temperatures;
- Car repair work;
- Versatility of action.
Each specific case has its own characteristics. To comply with the requirements, the instructions are studied. The drying period lasts differently for each brand; the hardening process is the most important and dangerous stage of the work.
At this time, the material may be exposed to external influences, so at this stage the requirements of the instructions are strictly observed. The exception is emergency work when urgent repairs are needed. Then everything that was done in an emergency mode is corrected.
The result is converted into the parameters required by the instructions.
Drying speed depending on product brand
The instructions explain the time for each specific material. You can consider, for example, for linoleum.
| Brand | Linol | Penosil | Alteco | Zollex | Nowax | Poxipol |
| Primary bonding, in minutes | 30 | 5 | 20 | 60 | 15-20 | 30 |
| Secondary or final bonding, in hours | 6 | 1 | 2,5 | 18 | 3 | 3 |
| Ambient temperature, degrees | 20 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 18-20 | 16-18 |
It is clear that before choosing which brand you will use, you need to determine under what conditions the work will take place and what materials need to be combined.
The stronger and more complex the structure of the material that needs to be joined, the longer it will take to wait for complete adhesion. For example, Poxipol cold welding for metal products when gluing wood will dry much faster than required by the technological process. The main thing is to comply with all the parameters listed in the instructions, only then will the desired and expected result and quality be obtained.
Source: https://svarkagid.com/skolko-sohnet-holodnaja-svarka/
How long does it take for cold welding to harden? — Metals, equipment, instructions
Cold welding in everyday life is a particularly high-strength adhesive based on epoxy resin with various fillers. It should not be confused with cold welding of some soft metals used in industry - where the connection is made only by the diffusion of atoms of one metal element into the atoms of another under high pressure.
Application area
The action of cold welding glue is also based on diffusion, but, unlike the industrial method, this method involves exclusively manual processing of the material.
Primary hardening of most types of cold welding occurs within 10-30 minutes, final hardening after one or several hours. In this case, the quality of the weld seam, satisfactory for domestic purposes, is achieved.
Cold welding is used as an adhesive and sealant, primarily to fill holes and seal joints. It is most often used in areas such as:
- car service;
- home plumbing repairs;
- fastening and repair of products and tin and sheet steel;
- gluing dissimilar materials.
It is most often used by motorists and plumbers, in whose jurisdiction sections of old water supply systems made of metal pipes have been preserved.
Cold welding is best used as a repairer for holes, such as in a muffler, gas tank or radiator, and as a sealant for threaded connections.
Cold welding repairs should only be considered temporary to avoid water leakage or to get to the nearest service center. Even the best epoxy resin adhesives do not provide the strength of a traditional weld.
How not to make a mistake in selecting the right composition for a specific task? Which weld holds better, which has a shorter setting time, which has higher resistance to low and high temperatures? To understand these issues, you need to know what types of epoxy-based glue there are.
Classification
Cold welding is classified according to two main characteristics. The first is the state of aggregation in which it is before use. There are two forms of release - in the form of a block of plasticine-like mass or in the form of two bottles or tubes (always included) with a liquid or semi-liquid component.
One of the tubes contains glue, and the second contains filler. Before use, you must measure the required amount of each substance and mix according to the instructions.
A block of plastic mass can also be two-component, but more often a one-component product is produced in the form of a frozen paste. From a practical point of view, the form of release is not as important as the area of application.
Depending on the area of use, different compositions can be ranked as follows.
Universal cold welding is suitable for a variety of materials, including metals, wood, plastic, ceramics.
For temporary repairs of metal products, it is better to purchase specialized glue. It consists of metal powder made from steel, cast iron, aluminum or other metals. They have the best adhesion to their “profile” metal.
Cold welding for car repairs also includes metal powder. In addition, it contains a polymer mass and special additives that provide resistance to aggressive environments (acids and solvents), as well as increased mechanical strength and resistance to vibration.
For plumbing repairs, it is better to choose waterproof types of cold welding. They are usually two-component and will withstand long-term water resistance. Some manufacturers produce compounds that can be applied to a wet surface, for example, to a pipe directly over a leak.
A special type of cold welding is heat-resistant - it can withstand high temperatures. As a rule, it is resistant to both low temperatures (below -20 °) and high temperatures (above +150 °), at which conventional welding can begin to crack.
Criterias of choice
When choosing a specific brand of cold welding, you need to be guided by the scope of application.
Temperature
Many universal compounds have good tensile strength, about 300-400 newtons (for comparison, this is the power of an electromagnetic lock on a standard entrance door), for example, Titan cold welding from the Russian manufacturer Elf Filling.
It is suitable for gluing metal, wood, some types of plastics, even ceramics and glass in various combinations. Has a metal filler.
Relatively resistant to aggressive environments, although it is not “automotive” welding. BUT its heat resistance index is relatively low. The manufacturer claims that the performance characteristics of the welded joint will be maintained only up to +130 °C.
An example of heat-resistant cold welding for metal is the domestically produced Almaz composition for metals, produced in the form of a cylindrical bar of plastic mass, which must be kneaded with your fingers before use.
Thermo welding from the manufacturer Kerry, also in Russia, is considered heat-resistant. It is intended for repairing mufflers, retains properties in the range -60 ° +900 °
On average, the temperature that most universal compounds can withstand reaches a maximum of 260 °.
Sealants
When choosing cold welding, you need to focus primarily on its purpose. It is impossible to create a truly universal composition that works well both as an adhesive and as a sealant, moreover, for substances with different chemical compositions and physical properties.
Types of cold welding, declared by the manufacturer as means for repairing plumbing fixtures, are always waterproof and contain a metal filler.
Some types can even set under water. But they are primarily sealants; requirements for high tensile strength are not imposed on them, so you should not expect increased strength from them when gluing two steel sheets. Such welding is often produced in liquid or semi-liquid form to make it more convenient to apply to pipe joints.
Compositions for cars
Automotive welding, as a rule, is resistant to temperature changes, vibration, and the effects of various oxidizing agents and solvents, but does not set under water.
The tensile strength of the connection is quite high, about 200 Newtons. The composition has average performance in terms of tightness, but the plasticine-shaped release form expands the scope of application.
Very often, such welding is used to seal broken pipelines, radiators, gas tanks, mufflers, and other similar situations.
Fill value
Most universal compounds are primarily adhesives. When choosing, you need to be guided by the material that needs to be glued. If it is metal, it is better to take a mass with a metal filler, otherwise you will not get good adhesion.
Strictly speaking, this type of glue is called “welding” only because, thanks to the metal powder in the composition, the seam after drying becomes similar to a welded one.
If you have a choice, it is better to buy cold welding with a filler made of the same metal that will be glued - steel for steel (the grade is no longer important), cast iron for cast iron, aluminum for aluminum. In this case, the metal atoms will be able to diffuse with each other, and the connection will be much stronger.
Basic application rules
The hardening time of all types of cold welding, both two-component after mixing and one-component after kneading in the fingers, is short, it averages 10-20 minutes.
Some samples may take 5 minutes, others up to 1 hour. This is the initial hardening time, after which the piece of glue becomes hard and no longer suitable for use. Therefore, you need to take exactly as much glue as you can use in these 10-20 minutes.
Tungsten argon arc welding technology
It must be taken into account that the time for complete setting is not equal to the pre-hardening time. The glued parts can only be used after a few hours (depending on the brand).
Before applying the composition, the surfaces to be bonded must be thoroughly degreased, for example, with acetone, cleaned of any contaminants and sanded . It is recommended to maintain a slight roughness - the adhesion will be stronger.
In general, it is impossible to say which cold welding composition is better and which is worse. It all depends on the properties of the material to which it is applied and operating conditions. Compliance with the application technology is of no small importance.
Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/skolko-vremeni-zastyvaet-holodnaya-svarka/
Cold welding: where is it used and how long does it take to harden? What influences the hardening process?
The term “cold welding” refers to various composite adhesive compositions combined by a common method of joining materials. The operating principle is based on imparting plasticity to the upper layers of the parts being joined, which leads to the penetration of adhesive molecules into them.
Composition of the product
Typically the composition consists of two components that must be mixed immediately before use. After this, the mixture is applied to the surfaces to be glued, which are then pressed against each other with force for a certain time.
The adhesive component is most often epoxy resin, and the filler can be, for example, metal powder, which will give strength and heat resistance to the seam. Also, some manufacturers add various additives to the composition, which in one way or another improve the effectiveness of the glue.
Approximate cost of cold welding on Yandex.market
Despite the fact that the process does not require any heat or electricity, the connection is strong enough to withstand both fairly heavy loads and vibration.
What affects the drying process
To achieve the best result, you should read the instructions provided by the manufacturer before using cold welding. It lists the parameters that you should pay special attention to:
- materials with which this particular composition works;
- initial hardening time;
- drying time;
- ambient temperature most suitable for gluing;
- ability to bond wet surfaces.
The parts must be thoroughly prepared before gluing. The surfaces to be glued need to be cleaned with sandpaper to remove rust and give them roughness, which will help soften the top layers and allow better penetration of the adhesive. In addition, if the material allows it, the surfaces must be degreased with a solvent.
The temperature in the working room may be different for different compositions, but generally varies from 16 to 22 °C.
If the instructions provide for gluing wet surfaces, then we are talking about use in conditions where it is impossible to achieve dry surfaces. However, the connection of wet parts will not be so strong in any case, therefore, if possible, the parts should still be freed from moisture.
Application nuances
Cold welding cannot be considered a complete replacement for classical welding. Therefore, it cannot be used to repair structures subject to high loads or extreme temperatures.
Due to its high adhesion, in addition to joining parts, cold welding is used as a putty - that is, to treat chips and deep scratches on smooth surfaces. To do this, the cavity is filled with the composition, and after complete drying it is treated with fine sandpaper. If necessary, the finished product is painted in the desired color.
Since the glue is two-component, it is necessary to achieve the desired proportion of ingredients - this way the composition will act more effectively. Cold welding is often produced in the form of a cylindrical “sausage”, in which one component is located inside another - in this case, the required amount of the composition should be cut off strictly perpendicularly .
When joining metal parts, the best choice would be a composition that uses powder of the same metal from which the parts are made as a filler.
Source: https://elsvarkin.ru/texnologiya/xolodnaya/vremia-zastyvania/
What temperature can cold welding withstand - What is the maximum temperature that cold welding can withstand?
Modern technologies do not stand still. Until relatively recently there was no such thing as cold welding. However, even now many people are not aware of the existence of such material. In fact, only the name remains from classical welding in this substance. In fact, cold welding is nothing more than glue. True, it is not ordinary, it can hold together almost any materials, and it is not necessary that they be strictly homogeneous.
Such wide application possibilities lead many people to wonder about the maximum possible temperature that cold welding can withstand. A large number of parts, most often metal, when performing their task, encounter fairly high temperatures; accordingly, if the temperature exceeds the value that a connection created using cold welding can withstand, its strength will be maintained for a very short period of time.
Cold welded joints, of course, cannot be compared in strength to classical ones. However, it is quite suitable for repairing plumbing fixtures, cars, household items, etc.
A distinctive feature of this substance is that it can be used not only to create strong connections, but also to seal holes.
This opportunity becomes available due to the fact that the substance has a thick consistency; it can be used like ordinary plasticine. The strength of the final joint is greatly influenced by the cleanliness of the bonded surfaces, drying time and proper use of glue.
Cold welding classification
There are several types of cold welding adhesives on the modern building materials market. In addition to the name of the manufacturer, they can differ in their state of aggregation, in the period of complete drying and in specification (cold welding can be universal or for something specific). Among the fairly large number of varieties, it is worth highlighting several types:
- Liquid consistency - most often cold welding of this type is implemented in two components, which begin to activate only when mixed at a one-to-one ratio (for most manufacturers, but there may be exceptions).
- Thick substance - this type of welding is similar in appearance to ordinary stationery plasticine, if the package contains several different bars, then the components must also be mixed immediately before starting work.
- Universal adhesive - it can be supplied in either liquid or thick form, and can also contain one or two components. This type of glue is intended for minor repair work; it can firmly connect PVC, wood, metal, plastic, ceramics, etc. without any problems.
- Cold welding, which contains a certain metal component. Connections created using this type of glue have increased strength relative to the above varieties. In addition, welding can impart certain properties to the joint, which depend on the presence of one or another component in the composition of the substance.
- Cold welding, which is created specifically for minor car repairs. This subspecies is able to withstand much higher temperatures than any of the above varieties.
- Welding to create strong joints underwater. Using this substance, you can ensure the strength of the connection, which is in constant contact with water. It is worth noting that it is absolutely impervious to moisture and does not affect the purity of the water in any way.
Properties that cold welding can provide
The presence of certain properties of a compound is determined by additional substances contained in the glue. Cold welding, the main application of which is focused on joining metal parts, most often includes:
- Metal component - it plays the role of a filler, the task of which is to increase the strength of the connection and reliability.
- Epoxy resin - this component provides the plasticity of the substance. It is the main link between all other additives.
- Additional substances are a variety of chemical substances that add certain properties to the glue.
Cold welding, which is equipped with a composition of the above components, is most often focused on gluing metal parts. For example, linoleum glue has a completely different composition:
- Various plasticizers.
- Polyvinyl chloride.
- Tetrahydrofuran.
This mixture of components is not suitable for use on metal products. However, it can cope with gluing linoleum without any problems. Additional substances create smooth edges on the material; this is achieved by melting it without the use of any tools. This effect is achieved only by using cold welding glue.
Terms of Use
In order to use one or another type of cold welding, you need to know several of its properties. However, the most important property that must be taken into account is the maximum temperature at which the compound will not lose its properties.
The connection is subject to the maximum level of danger in the first couple of hours after its creation.
During this time, as a rule, only primary drying occurs, so the repaired substance cannot yet be used. The product will be able to perform its functions again only after twenty-four hours. As a rule, the maximum possible temperature of use is indicated on the packaging of the substance.
It is important to know: the maximum temperature that a universal-type cold weld connection from one manufacturer can withstand may differ from the same type of substance from another brand.
For example, popular brands of welding such as Poxipok, Abro, Hi-Gear are able to withstand temperatures of approximately 250-270 degrees Celsius, and Almaz cold welding can be used without problems at temperatures above one thousand degrees.
What is cold welding?
Cold welding for gluing metal products
Typically, cold welding for metal looks like a block of plasticine, conventionally cylindrical in shape. The mixture is not homogeneous and consists of two layers (inner and outer). Until these two layers are mixed, the process of hardening (polymerization) does not occur. Cold welding is in a plastic container that protects it from drying out.
There are cold weld versions that are similar in consistency to regular epoxy glue. If you look at it, it (cold welding) in this consistency is traditional epoxy glue. Simply the decision to call ordinary epoxy glue cold welding is some kind of marketing ploy and nothing more.
The difference between soft and liquid cold welding is quite significant. Liquid cold welding after polymerization is quite fragile. These are the properties of all similar mixtures based on epoxy resins.
But in order to reduce fragility, various components can be added to it, which will reinforce the layer of frozen cold welding. For example, aluminum or bronze powder is added to liquid cold welding.
Or liquid cold welding is used in combination with fiberglass or synthetic material.
How does cold welding work?
In order to initiate the polymerization reaction, both layers of the composition must be mixed. In this case, the filler and hardener enter into a chemical reaction, as evidenced by an increase in the temperature of the mixture. The increase in temperature can actually be felt by the fingers, but it cannot be said that it is significant.
It is completely pointless to mix the entire volume of cold welding at once. It is more rational to cut off segments from the block, mix them vigorously and then lay them on the desired surface. The fact is that the polymerization of prepared cold welding occurs quite quickly and large volumes of the composition can lose their elasticity (i.e. begin to harden) even before the welding is applied to the surface of the part being repaired.
Preparing the surface for cold welding
Cold welding for metal holds perfectly on any metal surface. But the quality of the connection will be much better if the metal is pre-cleaned to roughen the surface. Any rough surface will give better adhesion with cold welding.
Cold welding will not produce a normal metal connection if the metal surface is oily. The optimal solution is to degrease the mating surfaces.
Degreasing can be done using nitro solvents, white spirit, or in extreme cases, you can use motor gasoline.
But you need to understand that motor gasoline contains a certain amount of oil, and even a thin oil film can affect the quality of adhesion. Therefore, it is better to use lighter gasoline as a degreasing liquid.
You don’t have to clean the metal surface. But if there are pockets of corrosion or oxidation on the surface, they must be removed. The metal must be clean. If there is rust, then cold welding will not connect with metal, but with a coating of rust, and the connecting seam will not be strong enough.
Scope of application
Cold welding for metal can be used for local repairs of a wide variety of metal parts. You need to understand that cold welding is not used to connect parts that are constantly exposed to force. For all its strength, after hardening it remains fragile enough to withstand various loads.
But in places where you just need to seal a hole or crack, cold welding is quite suitable. For example, it can be used to repair a hole in a car radiator. Cold welding, after hardening, can withstand elevated temperatures quite normally.
Using cold welding, you can solve the problem of a broken fuel tank. The composition, after hardening, is not corroded by gasoline. In addition, cold welding can eliminate the hole in the crankcase, since the composition is also indifferent to oil.
After polymerization, the composition loses its elasticity, so options where bending and unbending the connecting seam are possible are completely impossible.
Manufacturers say that frozen cold welds can be used to cut threads. Theoretically, this is possible. But just how much this thread will withstand the loads aimed at cutting the thread is a difficult question. As a temporary measure, the use of threads cut from frozen cold welding can be considered. But most likely the thread will crumble if certain loads occur.
Precautionary measures
When working with cold welding, you need to protect the skin of your hands. According to the manufacturers, the composition does not contain substances that cause skin irritation. But washing your hands afterwards from cold welding residues is not so easy. And it takes too much time. And cold welding is removed from the skin using a solvent, which further irritates the skin. So it is best to work with rubber gloves.
Source: https://respect-kovka.com/skolko-vremeni-zastyvaet-holodnaya-svarka/
