How to sharpen a cutting tool

Sharpening turning tools for metal

Technological operations carried out on a lathe with workpieces using special devices are associated with ultimately obtaining a product of the desired configuration shown in the drawing. And in order for turning to be rational and accurate, sharpening of metal turning tools is necessary, which will produce the required profile, angles of the required size and the corresponding parameters of the working part. The preparation of such a tool is given great importance.

Sharpening a turning tool for metal

Purpose of the cutter, design, types

To obtain parts from a metal ingot when turning on lathe equipment, a special tool is used. They are made of steel, and the hardness of the material is higher than that of the workpiece being processed. The holder rod and the working head, the main structural elements of a metal cutter, are used to secure the tool on the lathe.

The function of the second component is to cut off a layer of the metal surface during processing. The holder rod or the body of the cutter has a square or rectangular cross-section. The main cutting edge of the working head is shaped (wedge) or straight in cross-section. Metal cutting parts require regular sharpening during operation. In modern conditions there is a sufficient choice of incisors.

Turning tools for metal processing with replaceable inserts

When choosing gear, you should take into account such an indicator as angles. The classification of species is as follows:

• checkpoints;
• cutting;
• pruning;
• boring;
• shaped;
• grooved:
• chamfered;
• persistent;

Pass-through, this type of device processes cylindrical blanks. A cutting tool is used for cutting rods. Trimming is performed at a given angle. A cutting-type device is also used to cut grooves for various purposes in them. Scoring, this type of device is used for trimming blanks and reducing ledges. Boring, this tool is used to machine holes of the required diameter in workpieces or parts on a lathe.

Grooving - the purpose of such a device is to form internal and external grooves on a cylindrical surface, maintaining the required angles. Sometimes a cutting-type function is required when it is necessary to remove part of the metal from the workpiece. Thread-cutting machines use this device to cut threads on lathes. Shaped - the purpose of this cutter is to form protrusions and grooves on the blank being processed, thereby obtaining angles with the required parameters.

Chamfering - with this device, after sharpening, internal and external chamfers are made on the product. The persistent one is used for turning metal parts with small ledges. To reduce vibration when working on a lathe, you need to check its position. Thrust is used for non-rigid parts.

Types of cutters are also divided according to the direction of processing of turning equipment into left and right, according to the material from which they are made, according to the method of attaching the cutting part to the holder and other parameters.

Procedure and rules for sharpening tools

To prevent the occurrence of chips and scuffs on the workpieces, breakage and other undesirable factors when working on a turning unit, proper sharpening of the cutter is required. This procedure is performed when a new device is being manufactured or an old device is worn out. The process of sharpening cutters itself consists of giving the required shape and the required angle to a dull or new device.

The cutting part can be restored using special metal equipment with a sufficient level of skill and knowledge of the worker. After all, labor intensity and productivity depend on the correct sharpening of turning tools. At large enterprises, divisions have been created to prepare equipment. On small ones, sharpening is performed by a turner.

At the moment, there are the following methods for sharpening turning tools:

1. abrasive;
2. chemical-mechanical;
3. using special devices;

Sharpening angles depending on the type of turning of steel and cast iron

Abrasive sharpening of the cutter is performed using a special sharpening unit or standard emery cloth. When using the latter option, it is difficult to maintain the required angles when processing the fixture. Sharpening units have two circles. White electrocorundum abrasive is used for turning a high-speed steel cutter. Sharpening of devices made of carbide is done with a green silicon carbide wheel.

A diamond disc is used for finishing grinding on a lathe or other unit. The chemical-mechanical method involves turning in a special composition. The sharpening accuracy is checked using templates.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/tehnologii/zatochka-tokarnykh-rezcov-po-metallu.html

Sharpening cutters for a metal lathe: methods, tips

Sharpening metal cutters for a lathe is a necessary procedure for efficient and uninterrupted operation of the equipment. The fact is that turning cutting machines are actively used; they are used to process products and cut threads.

It is clear that frequent use causes the units to become dull, which leads to samples of poorer quality. In order for a metal lathe to perform operations correctly and continue to be actively used throughout its service life, it is necessary to periodically sharpen it.

Of course, this procedure is invariant, depending not only on the type of machine and the units used, but also on the goals and objectives of use.

What parts do cutters for turning units consist of?

The cutters of any mechanism include two parts. The first is a rod, it is necessary to fix the object in a special holder. The second is the head itself, which is driven into rotation. The rake surface is where the part is chipped and processed. The back surface is usually called the reverse side of the process. It is to the back bar that the product that is currently being processed is addressed.

With the help of the main edge - the grinding surface - sharpening of tools and workpieces occurs. The element is located at the intersection of the front and back. If the main rake surface intersects with the secondary one and a cutter is installed in place, an additional edge is created. With its help, a slightly different processing of mechanism parts is carried out. The apex denotes precisely the suppression of the latter.

The angles of the mechanism are the most important characteristics that allow us to distinguish the main and auxiliary components of the lathe assembly. The main ones produce movement along the plane, the projection of the main one onto the main axis. Please note that the axes:

• the main one is superimposed on the lower part of the mechanism - parallel feed stroke of the equipment;
• cutting is an intersection with the main one, at a certain angle to the processing surface.

Depending on the intersection of the axes, the resulting angles are distinguished. If they are located between the front incisor and the main one, then this is the sharpening angle. Spruce between the processing surface and the rear main, then the rear main. By analogy with the last example given, the front main ones are formed, located between the feed and the cutting projection, the processing area and the front, the auxiliary and main projections.

The sum of the angles of the point, rear main and front main never exceeds 90 degrees.

How to choose a sharpening method depending on the type of cutter?

The main part consists of their cutting part for metal or wood - structural similarity. There is a mount. But controlled removal of part of a part is possible in various ways, the type of tooling depends on this.

The type of cutter is determined by the number of surfaces (there can be two or more). Surface characteristics are determined by the width of the blade and its shape; there are also variations depending on the possibility of adjustment (the direction is chosen arbitrarily). The edge is an integral design feature.

The choice of the type of cutter, that is, a specific model with technical characteristics, depends on the type of work to be done. For example, for the simplest processing of the external shape of a wooden part, one option will be needed, but for a standardized scheme for making metal carvings, a completely different one will be needed. Not only the type of cutter changes, but also the method of sharpening it.

Flat straight

Depending on whether metal or wood is used, the features of creating flat straight incisors change. The main purpose is surface treatment. But these variations are used to create small, simple holes, recesses and grooves in products. Flat straight cutters have the following characteristics:

• the ability to quickly create rectangular holes;
• blade width variations - from 4 to 40 millimeters;
• sharpening angle variations - from 25 to 40 degrees.

Sharpening occurs according to a simplified algorithm. The technician will be required to level the end damaged from use. To do this, you will need to take a careful sharpener and work the end with it, while avoiding oversaturation of the area. The handle is placed last. It is necessary to install 2-3 direct flat variations in a lathe - this will improve productivity indicators. Be sure to sharpen each sample.

Oblique straight

The functionality of skew lines is intuitive by analogy with plane lines. Sharpening occurs on both sides of the cutter, while the instructions look simplified. Required:

• select the required width parameters (from 4 to 40 millimeters, but may vary);
• choose the optimal thickness - convenient for the operation of the tools and its efficiency;
• cut off one corner, while achieving a ratio of 70 to 75 degrees;
• carry out high-quality sharpening at an angle of 25 degrees.

It is important to periodically check the position of the edge. It is necessary that the cutter lies flat on both surfaces and that the edge has no flaws. If you don't follow this rule, you will end up with an unsatisfactory quality cutter.

Cut-off

Cut-offs are models designed to form an angular cutter. Sharpening is carried out only in one direction, but this does not mean that a specialist will save 50 percent of the processing time. Using a trimming cutter, various kinds of workpieces are made and rough finishing of wood or metal products is carried out. Step-by-step execution algorithm:

• cutting the corner of the end at an angle of up to 45 degrees - no more;
• sharpening from 30 to 40 degrees (no more, since it will be inconvenient to use the tool and no less, since it will be ineffective).

There are no options to select length characteristics. The specialist selects the option that is in demand in his work profile.

Semicircular flat

Using this type of cutter, notches are made in a semicircle. But they will also be needed to ensure processing of the roughing field. The scope of application is wide, although at the beginning of use it seems the opposite. The sharpening process occurs as follows:

• turning the element using the necessary materials, such as sandpaper;
• fitting the end - it must match the shape;
• sharpening the edge from 20 to 45 degrees.

Please note that you will need several options for semicircular flat parts for those who are going to actively make shaped recesses and decorative variations.

Grooved

Grooved ones have a number of features that make them stand out from the crowd. First of all, these elements are in the form of a gutter, while the width varies, but does not exceed 3 centimeters. They are used not only to create a concave type shape where wood is used, but also for processing wood (rough).

Grooved cutters are quite difficult to make yourself at home. But if it is not possible to buy the required configuration in a store, then they make it themselves. You will need to leave the worn frame - it will act as a blank and a sample. After that:

• process the end up to 10 centimeters to form a semicircle (remove the rest by trimming);
• to make a deepening - you need a special tool;
• sharpen the lower part, which is on the convex surface (up to 40 degrees).

An employee without work experience can make the first versions - no specific knowledge and skills are required. But the production of a gutter will require skill and even craftsmanship.

The sharpening angle is not fundamentally important. If it fluctuates by 5-7 degrees, it will have a slight effect on operating efficiency.

How does cutting force depend on the sharpening angle?

The rake angle has the greatest influence. The cutting force changes upward if the number of degrees of the indicator increases. But don’t think that by increasing the maximum angle you will be able to achieve the greatest effect. Everything turns out the other way around - increasing the angle decreases reliability.

Optimal sharpening angle values ​​are achieved. It should not be increased or decreased. Only in this case can high efficiency rates be achieved without compromising reliability.

Sharpening angles: types and characteristics

Incorrect selection of sharpening angles determines the ineffectiveness of the procedure. If you do not realize the mistake and continue the action, the cutter will be damaged and you will have to buy a new one.

The cutter has several types of angles. Two main, two auxiliary and angles in projection or plan. The characteristics of each are determined depending on the shape indicators, processing quality, product typology, edge material and many other parameters.

Principal angles

There are two main angles - front and back. The front one determines the quality of work and how much chips will be produced. As the degrees increase, a greater deformation of the product results. If you increase the indicators of the second, the amplitude of vibrations increases, which negatively affects the holder.

Auxiliary angles

The auxiliaries are located on the auxiliary platform. The main auxiliary is between the direction and the cutting edge. The second auxiliary is the angle between a straight line segment that runs through the top of the plan and intersects at the edge area.

Plan angles

Angles in plan are represented by the main, auxiliary and the one located at the apex. The main one is the plane near the projection and the main line. Auxiliary - continuation of the projection in the direction of work.

Located at the top - near the plane with the intersection of the main one. Moreover, if the indicators of the first and second cannot be less than zero, then this is possible for the third.

Minus values ​​are achieved if the vertex is at the highest point of the projection, while the maximum plus will be when it is at the bottom.

Measuring cutter angles

The measurement is carried out using a table goniometer, which consists of a base, a measurement sector, a moving template and a screw for fixation. The measurement is carried out according to the algorithm:

• placement on the base;
• contact between edge and plane;
• the direction of the measuring part is parallel to the edge;
• laying the template to the site.

The value is measured using a special ruler. A vernier is also used, which is combined with the side platform of the equipment. It shows more accurate measurements.

Musaty

Musats are an effective and simple method. The device is a metal rod with a ridge. Processing is carried out using the handle.

Sharpening stones

The whetstones are also a manual method. The part is applied and carried out on each side 10 times. It requires some skill.

Mechanical sharpeners

Automated method. You will need to set the necessary parameters and actively operate the tool depending on the required parameters.

Electric sharpeners

Convenient to use. It looks like a metal bar with holes of different sizes.

Safety precautions

Sharpening is carried out in compliance with safety regulations. The specialist puts on protective equipment for the face and gloves. Depending on the chosen technique, security methods vary. Do not touch the device or sample until it has completely cooled down.

Conducting fine-tuning

Finishing of slotting tools is carried out according to the chosen method. Used manual methods, automated machines. It should be understood that:

• the incisors are not immersed in water - they break;
• during finishing, water is supplied for cooling;
• First, the back edge is processed, and then the main and auxiliary faces;

Carbide versions are finished with copper deposits (impregnated with boron carbides). Other types are finished with whetstone soaked in kerosene, with minimal abrasiveness.

Mandatory grinding

Sanding is carried out with an emery wheel. Choose fine-grained variations. Ordinary bars are also used. Sharpening cutters is a complex process. goes into detail, then he can process it on his own.

Source: https://VseOChpu.ru/zatochka-reztsov-dlya-tokarnogo-stanka-po-metallu/

How to sharpen a cutting tool on a lathe

Metal cutters for a lathe: photos, types and rules for sharpening cutters.

Specialists who have repeatedly used metal cutters for a lathe in their practice to perform certain jobs clearly understand what types of these tools there are.

For beginners who encounter these elements for the first time, it is difficult to understand what is the distinctive feature of each specific model and how to choose the right tool to perform certain tasks. This article will help you understand this important issue.

Turning cutters are the main working tool of metalworking machines, through which the processed workpieces are given the required shape and size

Features of the design of a metal turning cutter

The design of the element consists of a cutter holder, thanks to which the tool is fixed on the machine, and a working head, which directly processes the surface of the workpiece. The holder may have a square or rectangular cross-section. The working part of the tool is formed from several adjacent planes and cutting edges. Their sharpening angle depends on the characteristics of the material being processed and the type of processing.

To achieve the specified parameters of the part, the cutter and workpiece fixed in the machine move relative to each other

The working head can be solid or with welded or soldered plates. New are metal cutters for lathes with replaceable inserts. The first option is presented as a one-piece element with a holder. Such a tool can be made of special high-carbon tool or high-speed steel. But such cutters are used extremely rarely.

Mostly for metalworking on a lathe, cutters with welded or soldered plates are used. The tool is made from high-speed steel or a hard alloy containing metals: titanium, tungsten and tantalum. It is distinguished by its high strength and pricing policy. This turning tool can be used for processing products made of non-ferrous metals, cast iron, any steel and non-metallic materials.

Important! When working with carbide inserts, you should adhere to safety rules, since the products are very fragile.

Very often, when processing materials, turning cutters with replaceable inserts are used. Unlike the previous version, the plate is attached to the head mechanically using special clamps or screws. The tool is convenient for further use if the plate is made of mineral ceramics, which significantly increases the cost of a cutter with replaceable plates.

A variety of metal turning cutters with replaceable inserts

The working part for a lathe cutter can be made of hard alloy (tantalum-tungsten-titanium, titanium-tungsten, tungsten), high-speed steel (high or normal efficiency), high-quality carbon steel. Cutters can be used for such types of lathes as planing, turning, slotting, turret and special.

Read on Dacha with your own hands:

• Wood milling machine: photo, video, instructions, do it yourself
• How to choose a wood milling machine: photo features and characteristics

Classification of turning cutters

According to GOST, there are three types of metal turning cutters:

• turning and planing machines, in which the cutting part is made of high-speed steel;
• planing and turning carbide brazed;
• turning with mechanical fastening of plates made of ceramics, hard alloys and other superhard materials.

Manufacturers produce the following types of cutters:

Types of turning cutters: o - straight through and b - bent through, c - persistent through, d, e - scoring, f - continuous boring, g - persistent boring, a - cutting, i - shaped, k - threaded

Depending on the direction in which the feeding movements are made, the following types of cutters for a lathe can be distinguished:

• left-handed type;
• right-handed type.

To identify the tool, you need to place your hand on the cutter. The location of the edge relative to the thumb of the right or left hand will indicate the type of instrument.

Depending on the nature of the work, there is the following classification of cutters:

• for performing rough work, which is also called roughing;
• for semi-finishing work;
• for finishing work;

The working element of a scoring cutter is a sharp edge (wedge) that cuts into a layer of material and deforms it

• for carrying out delicate technological operations.

The cutting plate of all cutters, regardless of the type of tool, is made of a certain grade of hard alloys: TK5K10, VK8, T15K6 and T30K4. The most popular are VK8 cutters.

Depending on the installation principle, the following types of metal cutters for a lathe are distinguished:

• radial;
• tangential.

In the first version, the turning tool relative to the axis of the workpiece that is being processed is located at an angle of 90 degrees. This type of product is widely used in industrial enterprises due to the fact that the cutter is quite easily and quickly installed in the machine. In addition, there is a large selection of cutting edge geometric parameters.

Radial devices are mounted at an angle that is equal to 90° to the planes of the workpieces

The tangential turning cutter is positioned at any angle other than 90 degrees. relative to the workpiece axis. Attaching this tool to a lathe turns out to be more labor-intensive than in the previous version. However, tangential cutters provide better processing of metal workpieces. They can be used for automatic and semi-automatic lathes.

Depending on the location of the main cutting edge relative to the rod, there are the following types of turning tools:

• straight - all projections of the part have a straight line;
• bent - the upper projection has a curved line, the lower one has a straight line;
• curved - the upper projection is displayed as a straight line, and the lateral one as a curved line;
• retracted - the cutter head, which can be on the axis or be shifted to the left or right, has a smaller width than the shaft.

Source: https://MyTooling.ru/instrumenty/kak-zatochit-otreznoj-rezec-na-tokarnyj-stanok

When is sharpening necessary?

During the turning process, friction occurs between chips on the front surface of the tool and the workpiece against the rear surface in the cutting zone. With a simultaneous significant increase in temperature, gradual wear of the part occurs.  

If the maximum permissible wear value is exceeded, the cutter cannot be used for further work and requires sharpening and finishing on the front and rear surfaces.

The permissible amount of wear is indicated in the table below

Sharpening tool

For abrasive sharpening of the cutter, a sharpening machine or lathe can be used. For carbide tools, green carborundum of medium hardness is used. For initial processing, the abrasive value of the wheel should be 36-46, at the end of the process - 60-80. For high quality sharpening, a whole circle is required, without defects and geometry violations.  

Diamond wheels are also widely used for sharpening turning tools, which ensures high cleanliness of cutting surfaces. In comparison with carborundum wheels, the surface cleanliness of the cutter increases by two classes, and work productivity increases.

The use of diamond wheels also increases the service life of the tool - the possible number of cutter regrinds increases by 20-30%. But it should be taken into account that it is economically feasible to use sharpening with a diamond tool with an allowance of no more than 0.2 mm.

For larger values, preliminary sharpening with a carborundum wheel is recommended. 

Order and features 

Depending on the nature of wear and the design of the equipment, sharpening is carried out on the front, back or both surfaces. The figure below shows all the surfaces of a turning tool

For standard cutters, as a rule, sharpening is used on all cutting surfaces. With minor wear, only the geometry of the rear surface is restored. Equipment for multi-cutting machines is restored only on the back surface, shaped – only on the front.

Standard sharpening order:

• Main back surface.
• Auxiliary back surface.
• Front surface.
• End radius.

The back surface sharpening parameters are shown in the figure below.

Figure (a) shows the back surface with one sharpening plane, figure (b) shows several. When brazing carbide inserts, the rear surface has three planes:

• along a chamfer with a height of not less than 1.5 mm at an angle a;
• along the remaining height at an angle a+3°;
• along the holder at an angle a+5°.

Sharpening the front surface of carbide cutters has many more varieties (see figure below).

Basic forms:

• Flat with a positive rake angle (a).
• Flat with a negative angle (b).
• Curvilinear with a negative angle (c).
• Flat with negative angle for roughing (d).
• Curved with a negative angle for stainless steels (d), and other materials (e) 

During the sharpening process, it is necessary that the cutting edge of the tool being processed is located on the line of the center of the sharpening machine or below by no more than 3-5 mm. The direction of rotation of the circle should ensure that the plate is pressed against the holder, i.e., it should go towards the plate. During operation, a continuous supply of coolant is desirable. With periodic cooling, overstressing of the material structure and the appearance of microcracks is possible.

When sharpening, light pressure and constant movement along the surface of the wheel are required to form a smooth surface. After sharpening is completed, the geometry of the tool is checked using templates or special instruments.  

Tool finishing

After sharpening, sequential grinding of the working surfaces is necessary in the same order as sharpening was carried out. When finishing, it is necessary to remove all roughness and polish the surface to a mirror shine. The cleaner the surface, the lower the friction during turning and the higher the tool life.

Finishing is carried out using boron carbide abrasive pastes on a rotating cast iron disk (no more than 2 m/s). GOI paste or other special polishing materials can be used. For polishing, paste is applied to the disc.

Further, when the disk rotates, the cutter is pressed and the grains of the abrasive paste smooth out the existing roughness.

Thus, the geometry and original cleanliness of the working surface of the cutter are completely restored, and its suitability for further use is ensured.

Source: https://mekkain.ru/stati/zatochka-tokarnyix-rezczov-po-metallu.html

How to sharpen turning tools for metal: features, angles, finishing

Of all the technological procedures performed on metal parts, turning is considered the most popular. In view of this, sharpening metal turning tools is of great importance. It needs to be done correctly. The procedure for sharpening turning cutters depends on the material from which the tool is made, the purpose of the cutter (shaped, through, for cutting threads, for boring).

How does cutting force depend on the sharpening angle?

The cutting force depends on the sharpening angles, especially the front angle. The larger this angle, the lower the cutting force and the easier it is to separate metal chips. However, this does not mean that the rake angle can be increased indefinitely.

If the increase is excessive, the reliability of the metal cutter decreases. Its edge is subject to severe wear and chipping.

In view of this, when selecting the value of the rake angle, they try not only to reduce the cutting force, but also to obtain a strong edge, a wear-resistant metal-cutting tool.

Sometimes turning cutters with a negative rake angle (from -5 to -10 degrees) are used. Typically, such tools are used when turning hard or hardened metals.

Features of sharpening

There are some features that need to be taken into account when sharpening cutters for a lathe with your own hands. The back of the tool is processed in 3 steps:

1. First, the rear part is machined at an angle that is equal to the rear angle of the holder. It is usually greater than the clearance angle (about 5 degrees).
2. In the second step, the rear part of the cutting blade is processed. It is sharpened at an angle that exceeds the rear cutting angle by 2 degrees.
3. Now the desired angle is formed through finishing. The procedure is performed on a narrow chamfer that is adjacent to the working edge.

The front part of the lathe tool is also sharpened in a few steps. First, sharpening is carried out at an angle that is equal to the angle of the cutting blade. The cutting angle formed at the front of the tool is created by finishing sharpening or finishing.

Sharpening the cutter is made easier if you use special pads installed between the supporting surface and the machine table. In order to accurately and efficiently sharpen a tool, you can change the design of the table and add the ability to adjust its height and rotation angle. After such a change, there will be no need to use overlays.

To sharpen the cutter, the working edge must be located in line with the middle of the abrasive wheel. It is worth taking into account in which direction the sharpener rotates. This will minimize the chance of the cutting insert coming off the tool holder. When rotating the sharpener, the plate should be pressed against the holder, and not torn away from it.

Of course, after sharpening the cutter, you need to check the correct execution. The easiest way to do this is with a special template. You can make it or buy it in the store. If you make the template yourself, use sheet steel.

The great hardness of such a stencil, which it will acquire after hardening, will allow it to be used for a long time. When making a template, you need to cut holes on it that correspond to the running sharpening angles. Only after creating the holes is the stencil hardened. It is worth considering that the correct sharpening of the cutting tool depends on how accurately such a template is made.

Copper chips and filler elements are used to perform finishing. To polish tools made of hard alloys, a special paste is used, boron carbide, which is moistened with kerosene. For tools made of other metals, whetstones with a low level of abrasiveness are used. They are moistened with automobile oil or kerosene.

Types of sharpening

Large enterprises engaged in metal processing necessarily have the specialists and equipment necessary for sharpening tools. Owners of small workshops carry out sharpening themselves.

Sharpening of cutters can be done using one of the following methods:

• Abrasive (on a grinding wheel).
• Mechanical-chemical (processing is carried out with special means).
• Using special devices.

Abrasive sharpening is performed on a sharpening, turning device or on a grinding block. It is difficult to sharpen the cutter manually, maintaining the required angles. Additional complexity is created by heating the metal, leading to loss of properties. In view of this, the quality of sharpening directly depends on the skills of the worker.

Carbide cutters are sharpened on green carborundum. Tools made from different types of steel are processed using grinding wheels made of medium-hard corundum. The initial processing is carried out with whetstones with an abrasive of 36-46, the final - 60-80. Before installing the circle on the machine tool, you need to make sure that it is intact. During processing, it can break, injure the turner, and change the angles of the turning tool.

The mechanical-chemical method makes it possible to sharpen the cutter effectively and quickly, preventing the formation of chips and cracks. This method is used for sharpening large carbide tools. They are treated with vitriol solution.

As a result of a chemical reaction, a thin protective film is formed, which is washed off by abrasive particles present in the solution. The procedure is performed in a machine device, which is equipped with a reservoir with a movable grinder. The fixed tool moves back and forth.

In addition, the cutter is pressed against the abrasive (150 g per sq. cm).

Sharpening of diamond cutters is carried out on special equipment using electrocorundum/silicon wheels.

Sharpening angles

The following is a list of sharpening angles for all common materials. The first fraction indicates the relief angle during roughing, the second - the relief angle during finishing. The third fraction shows the size of the front angle. The numerator indicates the angles for cutters that sharpen and bore parts, and the denominator indicates the angles for tools that plane workpieces.

• Steel (hardness less than eight hundred Megapascals) – 8/6, 12/8, 15/12.
• Steel (hardness more than eight hundred Megapascals) – 8/6, 12/8, 10/10.
• Steel (hardness more than a thousand Megapascals) – 8/6, 12/10, 10/8.
• Gray cast iron (Brinnel hardness less than two hundred and twenty) – 6/6, 10/10, 12/8.
• Gray cast iron (Brinnell hardness more than two hundred and twenty) – 6/6, 10/10, 8/5.
• Malleable cast iron – 8/8, 10/10, 8/8.

The main plan angle should be 30 - 45 degrees. The width of the chamfer depends on the cross-section of the cutting rods.

What abrasive wheels are used for sharpening turning tools?
Sharpening of a tool through the holder and at an angle of 5 degrees is carried out with a wheel made of electrocorundum, having a grain size of forty - fifty, hardness CM1/2. The peripheral speed of the circle is 25 m/s.

Preparatory sharpening is carried out with products made of black silicon carbide, having a grain size of twenty-five to forty, hardness M3-SM1. The final sharpening of the cutting tool is carried out with wheels made of green silicon carbide, having a grain size of sixteen - twenty-five, hardness M3-SM1.

The parameters of grinding wheels for steel and carbide cutters are specified in the table of sharpening modes. There you can also see the circumferential torsion speeds.

Currently, final sharpening is recommended to be done using a diamond wheel. This is especially true for inserts made of hard alloys. The peripheral speed of the circle during preparatory/final sharpening should not exceed twelve to fifteen meters per second.

how to sharpen cutters for a lathe correctly: types of wheels, sharpening angles

Sharpening the cutter consists of giving the shape and the required angle to the working surface. Sharpen new or dull tools. After sharpening, finishing is carried out, during which the tool is sharpened and the working surfaces are finally cleaned.

Types of sharpening

different types of metal cutters

Large metalworking plants specifically maintain a staff of sharpeners and special machines for bringing cutters into working condition. Employees of small workshops have to do this themselves.

Sharpening can be done in several ways:

• abrasive (on grinding wheels);
• chemical-mechanical (metal is treated with special compounds);
• using special devices.

Abrasive sharpening can be carried out on a sharpening machine, lathe or manually on a grinding block. It is very difficult to sharpen a tool manually at the required angles. The process is complicated by the fact that the metal heats up and loses its properties. Therefore, the result directly depends on the skills of the turner and his knowledge of sharpening angles.

Carbide tools are sharpened on green carborundum. Cutters made of various types of steel are processed with grinding wheels made of medium-hard corundum. Primary processing is carried out with whetstones with an abrasive of 36-46, final - 60-80. Before installing the wheel on the lathe, it is necessary to check the integrity. During operation, it can split and injure the worker, as well as ruin the sharpening angle.

The chemical-mechanical method is very effective and fast, provides a clean, smooth surface, and prevents the formation of chips and cracks. Used for sharpening large carbide cutters. They are treated with a solution of copper sulfate.

The reagent forms a thin protective layer, which is washed off by the abrasive grains present in the solution. The process takes place in a machine equipped with a container with a movable grinder. The fixed cutter moves back and forth and with a pressure of about 0.15 kg per square meter.

the centimeter is pressed against the abrasive surface.

On specialized machines, sharpening of cutters is carried out with white wheels made of electrocorundum (high-speed tools), green wheels made of silicon carbide (carbide), and diamond wheels (for finishing).

Sharpening process

sharpening a cutter on a grinding wheel

The main flank surface is sharpened first, then the secondary flank surface, the front surface and then the end radius. At the end of the work, the sharpening angles are checked against the template.

To ensure an even and smooth edge, the tool must be constantly moved along the grinding surface. With this type of work, the wheel lasts longer and wears out evenly.

The tool can be processed dry or with constant water cooling. The water flow must be sufficient and continuous. If the tool is sharpened dry, there is no need to periodically water it or dip it in a container of water. This causes cracking of the surface and destruction of the working edge.

Manual finishing is carried out:

• fine-grained whetstone using technical oil, kerosene or - tools made of various types of steel;
• circle made of copper using boron carbide paste and technical oil.

Only the cutting surfaces of the tool are adjusted with an edge width of up to 3 millimeters. It is more efficient to finish the cutters on a machine with a cast iron touchstone. The procedure is simple and does not require much time, but significantly extends the service life and productivity of the instrument. It is important to maintain the required angles!

videos on sharpening different types of cutters:

Detailed diagrams and sharpening instructions

Source: http://StanokGid.ru/metall/zatochka-rezcov-tokarnogo-stanka-po-metallu.html

How to sharpen a wood lathe cutter? :

The operation of lathes is impossible without the use of cutting equipment. Most often, the equipment is equipped with cutters, which allow most processing operations to be performed. Among them are boring, cutting grooves and threads, trimming, etc. A separate group of cutting tools is used for preliminary preparation of wood.

The operator eliminates excess workpiece mass, allowing it to be integrated into the work area for more precise, targeted operations. But in any case, the cutter for a wood lathe must have optimal sharpening.

Special equipment helps to bring the characteristics of the equipment into the proper form, but first you should understand the design of the cutter itself.

How is the cutter constructed?

The base is a metal rod, which can be divided into two parts: the working head and the shank. The cutting part has the shape of a triangle with rear and front auxiliary surfaces along which chips flow during the cutting process. Processing is performed with the main cutting edge, which craftsmen call the apex. This is the intersection of the secondary and main edges.

As for sharpening, the condition of this particular part matters. The top may be rounded or sharp. The tool also has different formats. Usually the size of the holder is taken into account - on average from 8 to 25 mm. For universal work, it is better to purchase a set of wood cutters for a lathe, which includes more than 10 pieces. The standard set includes cutters with different shapes, which allows you to make grooves, grooves, chamfer and perform shaped processing.

Types of turning tools

The general segment of turning tools in the main classification involves the division of equipment by purpose - for wood and metal. In this case, the first type is considered. Such models differ from metal cutters in the material of manufacture. Technologists use tool grades of steel, while metal processing is carried out with cutters made of carbon hard alloys.

Also, different types of cutters for a wood lathe differ in design. The working part can be straight, bent, drawn or curved. The choice of one or another type of cutter is determined by the wood processing method, cutting characteristics and equipment.

By the way, the parameters for integrating the equipment into the fastening zone also determine differences in the design of the shank. Modern machines focus on versatility, that is, the ability to work with rectangular, round or square holders.

Moreover, in this aspect, differences between cutters for metal and wood are most often not made.

How do you make cutters with your own hands?

As you can see, the cutter is designed quite simply, and an ordinary lathe can easily be equipped with a homemade analogue. Typically, such products are created on the basis of files and rasps. Home craftsmen only remake them to fit the format of specific turning equipment. You can also use car springs or sections of reinforcing bar as a basis. But in such cases, more effort will be required when finalizing the shape of the element.

Next, homemade cutters for a wood lathe are carefully mechanically adjusted to the required size. This is the first sharpening during which the working edge will be formed. The disadvantage of a homemade cutter is that the workpiece may have internal defects resulting from previous use. The same file, after long-term use for its original purpose, due to stress in the structure, is often endowed with voids, which reduces its working life.

Why is cutter sharpening important?

The need to perform this operation, at first glance, is similar to sharpening kitchen knives. A sharp blade handles cutting tasks more efficiently, requiring less effort and time. But in the case of machine tool correction, there are other technological nuances. High-quality sharpening is a preventive measure that eliminates the risk of the working head falling off during operation.

In addition, negative deformation phenomena in the form of chipping and scuffing are prevented. Obviously, the quality of the work itself on a wood lathe also improves. Correctly sharpened cutters form even grooves and grooves, not to mention shaped operations. Other factors affect the quality of work, but the sharpness of the tool tip is key to achieving optimal results.

Sharpening equipment

Since the cutter is made on the basis of tool steel, its sharpening must be carried out on high-power equipment. For such needs, boring machines are used in different configurations. The basic structure of the design includes two base clamps and a retractable hand rest with a V-shaped stop. As an addition, adjustable hand rests can be used to expand the possibilities for securing the workpiece.

For example, if it is necessary to modify a bevel cutter for a wood lathe, then an appropriately shaped attachment may be required. In this case, an adjustable hand rest will help.

But most often, universal holder models are used, designed for a wide range of standard cutters. The fixing base is usually attached under the elements that perform sharpening. The relative position of the functional sides in this part is determined by the sharpening parameters.

Modern models of sharpening machines also allow you to service scraper blades, planer and chisel equipment.

Sharpening with abrasive wheels

A sharpening machine is only a technical basis for organizing the mechanical interaction between the tool being processed and the abrasive. Sharpening is carried out with discs made of electrocorundum when they rotate at a frequency of about 3000 rpm. The abrasive can be made from other materials of varying degrees of hardness, but in any case it must prevent overheating of the cutting edge.

For example, in some cases, low-frequency sharpening at 2000 rpm using a 20 cm aluminum oxide wheel is recommended. This results in a kind of “soft” sharpening effect, which is beneficial if you are using a medium-format or low-power wood lathe.

How to sharpen a cutter with an abrasive disc? Experienced craftsmen recommend sharpening with slight pressure of the tool against the rotating disk. At the same time, uniformity must be ensured, which is achieved by moving the blade from side to side.

If you use a machine with a retractable tool rest, then it is important to ensure that the contact patch between the abrasive and the cutter is located higher than the axis of rotation of the wheel.

Finishing the characteristics of the cutter

This is a more precise operation performed on machines with diamond wheels. This sharpening method is most often used when it is necessary to remove obvious defects. For example, if a wood lathe cutter has burrs, cracks or nicks.

In this case, the working process is carried out under mechanical control. That is, the tool being processed is fixed in a vice and controlled by a hydraulic or electric drive.

The operator adjusts the cutter displacement parameters in accordance with the requirements for its correction parameters.

General recommendations for sharpening

Even before starting sharpening, the condition of the machine and the grinding wheel should be carefully checked. When working manually, the cutter must be supported on a handy support part, and not supported by weight.

As a rule, the tool rest itself is installed 3-5 mm from the abrasive disc. To eliminate the risk of critical overheating, sharpening of cutters for a wood lathe is carried out with periodic cooling with water.

This also avoids the formation of small cracks that occur under extremely high thermal loads.

Conclusion

The sharpening schedule is determined by the operating conditions of the tool. This operation must be performed after manufacturing or radical correction of the shape of the working head. Each wood lathe cutter has its own master template.

This is a sample by which the quality of sharpening is assessed. The master checks the correctness of the formed corners and surfaces.

Also on modern production lines there are points with electronic tool control, which analyze the characteristics of the cutting parts used in automatic mode.

Source: https://www.syl.ru/article/299344/kak-zatochit-rezets-dlya-tokarnogo-stanka-po-derevu

Sharpening cutters for a metal lathe: how to sharpen them correctly with your own hands, video

Sharpening turning tools for metal is of great importance in the technological process. Every master should know the nuances of this process, which depend on the material of the cutter, as well as its purpose.

Correctly performed operation helps to significantly extend the life of the equipment.

In what cases is it necessary?

During operation, chips rub against the working surface of the tool. Due to the increase in temperature during operation, the part wears out. If sharpening is not carried out, the full service life of the part and all equipment is significantly reduced.

The documentation indicates acceptable cutter wear parameters. If these parameters are exceeded, the tool cannot be used. It must be sharpened along the front and back surfaces.

The permissible amount of wear differs depending on operating conditions and ranges from 0.3-2 mm.

Tools and accessories

Depending on the alloy, hardness, sharpening angle and other technological details, it is necessary to select a tool for sharpening the cutters. Each device has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Electric sharpeners or sharpening machine

This is the most universal and simple method. The sharpening machine is convenient to use; in appearance it resembles a metal bar with holes of different sizes.

Emery, diamond wheel

The diamond wheel is widely used because it ensures high cleanliness of cutting surfaces. Also, with the use of diamond wheels, the service life of sharpening cutters increases - the number of possible resharpenings increases by 20-30%.

How to sharpen correctly?

Sharpening should be done depending on the wear and design of the cutter. The process can be carried out on the front, back or both surfaces. For standard cutters, you should choose sharpening on all cutting surfaces. If the wear is small, then it is enough to restore the geometry of only the rear surface.

For multi-cutting machines, sharpening of the equipment is carried out along the rear surface, and for shaped machines - along the front surface.

We choose a method depending on the type of cutting tool

The type of cutter is determined by the number of surfaces, as well as the width of the blade and its shape. In accordance with these parameters, you should choose the sharpening method and its technological features.

The type of cutter, as well as the method of sharpening it, is chosen by the master depending on the work that he needs to carry out on the lathe.

Calculating sharpening angles: types and characteristics

If you choose the wrong sharpening angle, the entire procedure will be ineffective. If sharpened incorrectly for a long time, it is easy to damage the cutter and then you will have to purchase a new tool. There are several types of angles for incisors: auxiliary, in projection, in plan, and main. Each of the angles has its own special characteristics.

Methods for measuring cutting tool angles

Measurements are carried out using a simple protractor. A standard protractor consists of a base, the sector of change itself, a template and a screw for fixation. Measurement scheme:

1. Placement on the base.
2. Contact between edge and plane.
3. Guide the piece parallel to the edge.
4. Lay the template to the site.

Indicators are measured using a special ruler, but there is also a vernier, which helps to make more accurate measurements.

Detailed diagrams and instructions on how to do it yourself

The master must know the complete technological process in order to properly sharpen the tool with his own hands.

Technological process

The technological process includes several main points:

1. The rear surface is machined at an angle equal to the rear angle of the holder.
2. At the second stage, the cutting surface itself is processed.
3. The sharpening angle should be a couple of degrees greater than the back cutting angle by a couple of degrees.
4. Already at the third stage, the rear angle is formed.

After finishing, grinding follows as the final stage of sharpening.

Grinding

Grinding is carried out using an emery wheel. The best option is a fine-grained model.

Meisel with your own hands. lathe cutter from a file - Website about

A turning tool is necessary for working on a lathe. A high-quality tool is very expensive, so one chisel costs from 3 thousand rubles, and the cost of some can reach 20 thousand rubles. Not everyone is ready to shell out that kind of money for turning chisels , given the fact that for work you need to have 3 or 4 cutters of different configurations.

In this article I will talk about the types of turning cutters , their purpose and methods of making them yourself from blade to handle.

I won’t drag it out and start talking about what kind of incisors there are and what they are needed for.

Meisel (oblique incisor)

A turning tool with a flat blade and a sharpened blade at an angle of 45-55 degrees. Meisel is necessary for almost all types of work: turning, trimming, finishing parts. The width of the lathe chisel can vary from 10 to 40 mm, the thickness within 4 – 6 mm, despite the fact that the wider the blade, the thicker it should be.

Reyer (semicircular chisel)

Semicircular turning tools are needed for rough roughing of the workpiece. A very useful cutter if you need to remove a large thickness. This type of chisel is very difficult to make on your own, because it is not easy to find a semicircular blank made of high-quality steel.

Flat cutter

The cutter is designed for turning smooth areas. The chisel blade is flat and comes in different widths depending on your needs. The thickness of the canvas is 4 – 6 mm.

Rounded cutter

It also has a flat blade of the same thickness of 4 – 6 mm and the width you need. Rounded turning tools are used for both rough roughing and finishing of concave areas of the product.

Parting lathe cutter

A cutting turning chisel (cutter) is needed for cutting products and processing cone-shaped recesses.

A significant advantage of purchased turning tools is that they are made of high-quality high-speed steel. It is the lack of high-quality material and tools for its processing that makes it difficult to make chisels at home.

I'll give you an example of how I made chisels myself. A turning chisel consists of a blade and a handle, which are naturally made separately. Let's start with making the canvas.

The main and probably the only tool I used when making a turning chisel was a grinder (angle grinder). But for work, I needed the following consumables:

• cutting wheel
• grinding wheel
• Velcro plate
• sandpaper of different grits (from 80 to 600)

As a blank, I took an old file.

Why a file? It's simple: fairly strong steel, blade thickness 6 mm and width about 40 mm, the file has a shank, which will make attaching the handle much easier.

I will make a reservation: if the length of the file allows you to make 2 blades, then by cutting the source on the second half you can use a grinder to cut out the shank. By the way, the length of the blade without a shank should be 150-180 mm.

I’ll tell you using the example of making a meisel - an oblique turning tool . The procedure is as follows:

Take a file and use a grinder to cut it at an angle of 40 degrees. Then, using a grinding wheel, we roughly sharpen the blade. Before you start, make sure you have a container of cold water to cool the blade you are sharpening.

In order not to overheat the steel, cool the workpiece more often and do not sharpen for too long. After the rough grinding is completed, we begin sharpening the blade using sandpaper. In order to work using this method, you need to fix the grinder on the workbench.

As you sharpen the blade, change the abrasive wheels to smaller ones, not forgetting to cool the workpiece.

When sharpening is finished, you need to round the bottom edge of the turning chisel and the face - the wide sides. For this job, I preferred using sandpaper.

Oddly enough, sandpaper did a much better job than a sanding wheel. The rounded bottom edge is needed so that the chisel can move more easily along the tool rest.

Do not forget that we used a file as the starting material, which without smoothing will be very difficult to move along the tool rest.

The next step will be making a handle for a turning chisel .

It turns out to be a small vicious circle: we need turning tools to make turning tools . I had a couple of similar chisels of simply terrible quality. One is rounded from an old chisel, the other is a meisel from a piece of raw metal, which became dull almost from one blow on a branch.

It's just a sad sight, but, nevertheless, with their help I managed to turn out several handles. The materials I used were: larch, apple, cherry, pine, cedar.

Based on my experience, I will say that it is better not to use pine and cedar, because they make the handle very light, which makes the turning chisel very inconvenient.

The design of the handle was partially looked at on the Internet, and partially made for myself. The length turned out to be 280 mm. You can download the drawing of a handle for a turning chisel from the link and use it both for clarity and as a template. Do not forget that you will need a copper or brass ring approximately 20 mm wide so that the handle does not burst when inserting the blade.

So. When both the handle and the blade of the turning chisel are ready, all that remains is to connect them. We stuff the prepared ring onto the neck of the handle. We take a drill and a drill with a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the shank. Drill a hole exactly in the center with a depth equal to the length of the shank. If the hole is not made exactly in the center, then the handle and the blade will connect at an angle.

Source: https://xn--d1aspaq3c.xn--p1ai/avto-velo-moto/mejsel-svoimi-rukami-tokarnyj-rezets-iz-napilnika.html

Which type of turning tool is better to choose?

To process parts on a lathe, you need to choose the right equipment. There are different types of turning tools, which the craftsman uses to remove a layer of material from a rotating workpiece. Depending on the type of tool used, different operations are performed on the surface being processed.

Lathe cutter design

Different types of cutters for a lathe differ in shape, the presence of additional blades, and teeth. However, the overall design remains unchanged. The equipment consists of two main elements:

1. Rod is another name for “holder”. A piece of equipment that is attached to equipment.
2. Working part. The sharpened element of the cutter that comes into contact with the workpiece. Depending on the design features, the plate in contact with the workpiece may consist of many cutting edges and working planes.

When working with equipment for turning equipment, we must not forget about the importance of sharpening angles of the working part. There are three angles in total, changing which will affect the result.

Cutter geometry

There are different types of cutters, which differ in size, shape of the holder and the number of planes on the working head. For example, the rod for securing the equipment can be round, rectangular, or square. The working element of the device is a set of surfaces:

1. Cutting part.
2. Vertex.
3. Flat from the back.
4. The plane located on the front part.

There are two types of incisors - right-handed and left-handed.
The difference lies in how the cutting edge is positioned relative to the holding part. Turning cutters for teapots

Classification of cutters for turning

There are state standards that describe the classification of turning tools. One of the classifications is the division according to the type of processing of metal surfaces:

1. Rough processing - roughing.
2. Finishing.
3. Carrying out high-precision operations.
4. Semi-finish cleaning.

There is a division according to the type of material from which the working part of the equipment is made. A separate classification concerns the integrity of the equipment design:

1. One-piece fixtures. They are accessories for lathes made from alloy steel. Models made of tool steel are rare.
2. Devices with additional plates. They are made at the factory from different types of hard metals and alloys.
3. Models with removable plates. They are fixed to the holder using screws. Rarely used during serial processing of metal parts.

The main classification is the division of devices into separate types according to shape and design. We need to talk about them separately.

Direct passes

Used for external processing of steel workpieces. Dimensions:

• rectangular holders - 25x16 mm;
• square holders - 25x25.

A pass-through turning cutter with a part fixed in a square-section caliper. Used when carrying out special piece operations.

Bent pass-throughs

Special equipment in which the working part is bent to the left or right. Used for trimming parts. With their help it is convenient to remove chamfers. There are three types of bent incisors:

1. Training equipment - 16x10 mm.
2. The most popular size is 25x16 mm.
3. Custom models - 40x25 mm.

Rarely are the dimensions of the holding part 32x20, 20x12 mm.

Thrust pass-throughs

Devices come with a straight and bent working element. Designed to work with cylindrical parts. The shape plus proper sharpening allows you to quickly remove most of the excess from the working surface of the workpiece. The dimensions of the holders for thrust devices are 16x10–40x25 mm.

Bent edges

They are equipment similar to a walk-through. However, there is a difference in the shape of the cutting edge. It is triangular, which allows for better processing. The dimensions of the holding part are 16x10–32x20 mm.

Threading machines for external threads

These devices are used when you need to make threads on the outside of metal workpieces. The instrument consists of a holding part with spear-shaped plates attached to it.

Threading machines for internal threads

The devices are used for cutting threads in drilled holes. The device consists of a holding element with a square section. The depth to which the thread can be cut depends on its size. To use threading tools, a guitar must be installed on the industrial equipment.

Boring for blind holes

Boring tools are equipped with a working part bent on its side. A cutting triangular plate is soldered on top. The size of the hole that needs to be bored depends on how much the length of the part fixed in the caliper changes.

Boring machines for through holes

This is equipment for industrial equipment. It is used for boring holes created by drilling. The depth of machining of the holes depends on the length of the part fixed in the caliper. The element with the cutting edge has a bent head. The thickness of the material removed by the cutting edge is almost equal to the bend. The maximum length of the holding part is 300 mm.

Prefabricated

Perform various technological operations. The design allows you to attach different carbide inserts to the holder. The presence of several working elements allows you to increase the versatility of the device. The cutters, which are assembled from different plates, are fixed in the spindles of equipment controlled by a CNC system. Using prefabricated devices, holes are machined, contours are made, and grooves are selected.

Rules for sharpening metal cutters for a lathe

Sharpening turning tools is a responsible procedure. When carrying it out, you need to take into account the features of the equipment and material. Sharpening of a working tool is carried out in three stages:

1. The rear part is cut at an angle that is identical to the rear angle of the holding element of the device.
2. Next they work with the back of the working head.
3. The final stage is adjusting the angle to the desired position.

You can sharpen in three ways:

1. Using an abrasive wheel.
2. By coating the surface to be sharpened with chemicals.
3. Using specialized equipment.

In order not to spoil the cutting element of the device, to make it more durable, you need to take into account a number of rules:

1. Do not attempt to sharpen the edge using a sharpening stone. It is extremely difficult to make the desired angle with hand tools. The heat that occurs during friction degrades the performance of the tool's working head.
2. It is preferable to sharpen the cutting edge using a cooling system.
3. Before you start sharpening with an abrasive wheel, you need to check it. It should be smooth, without chips or cracks. During torsion, the disk should not deviate to the sides. This can cause equipment breakdown and damage to the cutting edge.
4. It is forbidden to hold the cutter suspended. To do this, you need to use a special emphasis. It is installed at a distance of 5 mm from the abrasive wheel.
5. To avoid overheating of the material during rotation of the wheel, do not press the equipment against the abrasive. Effort should be minimal.
6. When working, you need to wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from metal shavings.
7. You cannot sharpen disposable models made in the form of plates.
8. The best option when choosing the type of abrasive to coat the grinding wheel is carborundum. It is a green abrasive crumb. This material is suitable for sharpening carbide inserts. Carbon steels need to be sharpened with corundum wheels.
9. Do not quickly cool the cutter after sharpening. This will lead to damage to the integrity of the metal.
10. Change sharpening stones periodically.

We must not forget about fine-tuning the equipment. This technological operation allows you to get rid of chips, microcracks, and unevenness on the blade. To carry out finishing, special equipment is used, on which diamond-coated wheels are fixed. The cutter is clamped in a vice, which is moved to the grinding wheel using a handle.

Using a flywheel, bring the cutting edge to the finishing state.
Sharpening turning cutters on a technological plate
Turning cutters are necessary for industrial equipment. The type of equipment determines what result will be obtained and what technological operations will be available. Since cutting tools quickly become dull, we must not forget about sharpening.

An incorrectly processed cutting edge will lead to defective surface of the processed material.

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/rezka/vidy-tokarnyh-reztsov