How to hold the electrode when welding vertically

Welding vertical seams: technology features, equipment, necessary equipment

In the 21st century, there are dozens of types of welding work. They differ in their characteristics and type of equipment.

For each of them you need to use a different seam and conduct it in a certain way. Vertical metalworking (welding vertical seams) is one of the popular types of work. Let's talk about what features it has.

Characteristics of the process

This type of welding is difficult in that during welding all the metal can flow down due to the force of gravity. If this happens, then further work will be impossible.

It's simple: electrode slag remains under the drops, which prevents high-quality cooking.

In order for the vertical seam path to be smooth, it is worth using a short arch. In this case, the voltage should be small. A master with 15 years of experience makes movements from bottom to top, which prevents drips from forming.

The hot drop can create a vertical seam. In this case, the end of the electrode is removed to the side. This helps the material become hard while the spark continues to burn.

Rules for vertical work

To ensure a perfect vertical seam, you need to adhere to the following rules:

• When welding relies on active current, then it is worth starting work from the bottom of the structure. The recess receives the material that creates the bobbin. It will serve as a support, which helps the molten metal not to spread. The connection will be full.
• When you apply an arch, the metal will harden faster. Using small drops will help with this. This is possible if the distance between the structure and the cathode is reduced.

How to make a quality connection

It is not clear to beginners how to make the connection strong. At the same time, it is important that the product looks beautiful in appearance.

When the master adheres to these conditions, then with a 90% probability everything turns out as planned:

• When ignition occurs, the electrode must be placed perpendicularly. The parts must be placed in this position;
• On a short arc, the metal will turn into crystals faster. This will reduce the number of drips that can affect the quality of the connection;
• When a stripe is created, you need to tilt the electrode. This will allow the drops to remain on the part;
• When you notice streaks, you should increase the voltage. The width of the connection also increases. You will delay the moment the crystals appear.

A vertical seam will be easier to create, but its quality will be noticeably reduced.

There are structures that need to be worked only in the upper position. Smooth movements will help you with this. The metal structure will not drain. When you work with thin sheets, follow these rules:

• Clean parts from dust and dirt. If there was old paint on it, remove it;
• The connection is made pointwise. This will help avoid drips.

Methods of working with vertical welding.

The technology depends on the following points:

• Characteristics of the materials from which the structure is made;
• The type of metalworking you work with;
• The amount of experience of the master;
• The level of quality of the installations used.

Connections are obtained using these methods:

• From top to bottom with arch separation;
• From the bottom up with an arched separation;
• From top to bottom without removing the arch;
• From bottom to top with arch removal.

Forming connections using an electrode

Vertical metalworking presents many challenges. This applies to those cases when it is compared with horizontal work. Beginners can weld seams by removing the arch. This will allow the structure to harden in seconds.

During the welding process, the electrode support will be the end of the welding cavity. When creating a seam track, the movements must be done in the same way. This does not depend on whether you tear off the arch or not. It is worth moving from the top of the structure to the bottom.

Choose a short arch if you need to use a vertical connection from top to bottom. Practice so that the work turns out to be of high quality.

The metal will drip, but you can avoid this. Correctly holding the electrode in a perpendicular position will help with this. When the arch is set on fire, you need to tilt the device down.

Do not use an electrode larger than 5 millimeters in diameter. The voltage should be 170A.

Source: https://prosvarku.info/tehnika-svarki/svarka-vertikalnyh-shvov

How to weld a vertical seam with an inverter: how to properly weld a seam using arc welding with electrodes

When studying a welding machine, a beginner may think that now he can easily weld a vertical seam with an inverter. But in practice, everything may seem much sadder: from the inside out, the product turns out to be deformed, and if the current strength is not adjusted correctly, the thin metal will crack.

Don’t get upset ahead of time and quit this useful activity. Our tips will help you learn how to weld a vertical seam using arc welding.

Vertical welding

In cases where it is necessary to fasten two metal workpieces together in different planes, the vertical welding method is used. The method is complex due to its differences from conventional ones, so some technological methods do not work in it. This happens because in such a position difficulties arise due to the parts sliding down under the influence of gravity. Therefore, the welder needs to apply maximum technical skills based on correct knowledge.

This type of work is used in the manufacture of pipes. The vertical is the main way to do this. By practicing on an unnecessary piece of metal, you can quickly gain experience, but first you need to properly prepare informationally.

First, a beginner needs to master the rules of handling a welding machine, which will ensure easy ignition of the arc and its stable combustion. Basic Rules:

1. Semi-automatic welding. This method achieves good quality. If you configure the device correctly, it will turn out smooth and without breaks. For some, the need to use gas cylinders is considered an inconvenience.
2. Electroslag method. This welding occurs by heating the melting zone of the slag pool. This method allows you to weld metal of any thickness.
3. Electric is now the most convenient device. Having learned how to handle it, welding a vertical seam with such an inverter will be easy for beginners.

Each of these ways of performing vertical welding is good. However, to achieve results, many more requirements will need to be taken into account.

Conditions for a high-quality vertical seam

In order for the seam to turn out correctly, it must:

• be highly durable;
• made with high quality;
• look aesthetically pleasing.

The most common mistakes are:

1. Incorrect positioning of the rod during operation. It must be perpendicular, otherwise an angle will form and the arc will become unstable.
2. In cases where the welder needs to weld a vertical seam using arc welding, the arc length is not observed. When it is too long, smudges form.
3. Tilt of the rod to reduce the number of smudges. Thus, the entire technological process is disrupted.

It is recommended not to forget to follow these useful recommendations:

• you need to prepare your product: sand it, remove dirt from it, get rid of any remaining oil, rust or paint;
• if it turns out that the appearance of smudges is inevitable, slightly increase the current strength along with the width of each seam.

Vertical seam production technology

Let's consider the conditions for controlling an electrode powered by an inverter during the cooking process. The main advice for this is:

• Work can be done in two ways: from bottom to top, from top to bottom;
• install the electrode perpendicular to the work site, touching it with the corner forward.

And also use the following directions with the end of the rod, depending on the width of the seam:

• wide: in a semicircle (circle, drop or loop) from left to right, the seams are placed on top of each other according to the established direction;
• narrow: with upward segments, the beginning of each subsequent one overlaps the middle of the previous one;
• or other widely used ones: herringbone (if the gap between the parts is 2-3mm), triangle (gap less than 2mm), ladder (when the distance is maximum).

Young workers are often interested in the question of the duration of pressing the electrode rod on the surface to be welded. In this case, experienced welders recommend saying to yourself the number twenty-two with each press of the machine. This is exactly how much time it will take and you need to not tear the electrode off the metal sheet. And from this it follows that for thick metal you should speak more slowly, and with thin metal a little faster.

The number of Amps installed on the inverter is important to the bottom line.

For example, it would be most effective to use the following scheme: install a power of 30A for each one millimeter of the electrode taken. If the technology and thickness of the product allows, you can deviate slightly from these numbers, but it is better not to do this, because:

• when the force is weak, the seam will not be very aesthetically pleasing, the sludge will accumulate in a large layer at the top;
• if, on the contrary, it is too large, there is a possibility of burning through the metal.

How to cook a vertical seam

When starting welding, you need to familiarize yourself with the sequence of each of the required manipulations:

• make an overlap at the bottom of the prepared surfaces;
• You should always start not with the prepared overlap, but a little higher. This way, you won’t have to correct everything if you make a mistake;
• It is best to cook without tearing off the arc;
• after turning on the device, after each press say 22 to yourself and begin making a new seam;
• after finishing, clean the surface from the outside and inside of the formed slag and, if necessary, proceed to weld the reverse side in the same way.

These tips will help you master vertical welding, even if you are new to welding. A little training and you will learn how to weld seams like a professional.

Source: https://TehnoPanorama.ru/instrumenty/kak-varit-vertikalniy-shov-invertorom.html

How to weld a vertical weld

Electric welding involves the application of an electric arc to the metal being processed. It is formed between the product and the used electrode made of conductive material.

Too high a temperature causes the metal to melt, due to which the individual parts are connected. The connection point is usually called a weld.

To change its indicators, the technical parameters of welding are changed, for example, the amplitude and speed of movement. The features of vertical welding should be considered in more detail.

How to cook a vertical seam

Features of vertical welding

The welding of vertical seams is characterized by a fairly large number of different features. These include the following points:

1. When the alloy is exposed to heat, drops are formed that tend to roll down. This natural process creates quite a lot of difficulties, since the hot drops do not allow for a qualitative effect on the treated area.
2. It is recommended to make vertical welds with a shorter arc, due to which the action of surface tension forces simplifies the transition of the electrode into the weld crater.
3. In order to allow the drop to harden during welding, you need to move the rod to the side. The absence of a heat source causes the metal to quickly crystallize.
4. In the upper zone, as a rule, the metal melts faster. In this case, the crystallization process accelerates in the area of ​​joints and connections.
5. It is important to choose the correct current indicator. As a rule, it is selected from a lower range than for conventional welding work.
6. It is possible to use point technology, which provides relatively low fastening of two elements.

Position of welds in space

Vertical welding is quite difficult for inexperienced craftsmen, but it is carried out extremely often. This is due to the fact that a wide variety of defects are welded with an electrode and responsible and also load-bearing structures are created with it.

When using this welding method, it is important to follow all the rules and recommendations, since otherwise the vertical seam will turn out to be of poor quality

How to weld a vertical seam?

There are quite a few rules that, if followed, can improve the quality of the resulting seam. It is quite difficult to exclude the possibility of dripping of hot metal drops.

The main recommendations include the following points:

1. The electric arc must be extremely short. A long one can cause the alloy to spread out as it flows under the influence of gravity.
2. At the time of arson, the working part is placed exclusively perpendicular to the surface being treated. It is important that it is positioned perpendicular to both surfaces being processed, which ensures high quality processing.
3. When working, it is recommended to tilt the electrode slightly downwards. By maintaining an acute angle, it is possible to retain the hot metal, preventing it from flowing down.
4. In some cases, it is impossible to eliminate the possibility of metal dripping. Then it is recommended to increase the current strength and speed up the movement of the working part. However, when increasing this indicator, you need to be careful, as this leads to an increase in the arc. In addition, it is recommended to increase the width of the seam by moving the tool from side to side.

Vertical welding methods

The above technology is much simpler to implement if we compare the option of conducting the electrode from the bottom up.

Semi-automatic vertical seam

The quality of the weld seam determines how strong the resulting structure will be and what load it will be designed for. In addition, in some cases it is important to maintain an attractive aesthetic appearance. The most problems arise with the creation of a vertical weld, as the metal flows out of the pool. A fairly common question is how to weld a vertical seam. Among the features we note the following points:

1. The material is prepared depending on what kind of work will be carried out. The thickness of the material and the degree of machinability are taken into account.
2. A short arc with an average operating current is selected.
3. The rod with a special coating is located at an angle of 80 degrees relative to the surface being treated.
4. When creating a vertical seam, it is recommended to manipulate the rod across the entire width of the bead being formed.

Semi-automatic welding

A high-quality vertical seam can be obtained by welding with the arc separated from the surface.
For novice welders, this method is more suitable, as it is easier to perform. This is due to the fact that at the moment the arc breaks off, the metal can cool down. However, there is a significant drawback - the performance indicator decreases. Among the features of the application of this method associated with the separation of the rod from the surface, we mention the following points:

1. When welding, the tip can be rested on the shelf of the weld crater.
2. The pattern of movement of the working part from side to side, due to which the entire vertical seam is covered. In addition, you can use a loop pattern or a short roller when moving the working part from top to bottom.
3. The set current strength largely determines the shape of the seam and its main parameters. In general, it is recommended to reduce the value by 5 A from the usual value for a particular alloy thickness

It is worth considering that the main parameters of the work being carried out are chosen experimentally in almost all cases. That is why the welder’s skills largely determine the quality of the connection and its reliability.

The seams created by an electric inverter have a fairly broad classification. When determining the main parameters, the type of parts being connected is taken into account. When considering how to properly weld a vertical seam using electric welding, you need to take into account their features. The most common types of connections are:

1. Butt.
2. Tavrovoe.
3. Overlapping.
4. Angular.

Creating a seam with an electrode

It is worth considering that to ensure a stable arc, it is necessary to clean the surface from a wide variety of contaminants.

That is why welding of a vertical seam is carried out with careful preparation of the surface. The technologies used make it possible to obtain a high-quality seam only with the correct choice of electrode thickness. It should be slightly smaller than the width of the seam, since to eliminate the possibility of the alloy running off, it is recommended to move the rod from side to side.

Top down technique

Moving the electrode from top to bottom can only be used to weld when using an electrode that produces a thin layer of slag. Among the features of this process, we note the following points:

1. By using such a rod in the weld pool, the material hardens faster. In this case, the molten material does not flow down.
2. It is recommended to use plastic and cellulose coated electrodes. An example is the LNO-9 and VSC-2 brands.
3. This technology is characterized by high productivity. That is why, if there is a need to increase labor productivity, then the technology in question is chosen.

Vertical seam from top to bottom

This technique is not suitable for beginner welders, as it is difficult to prevent the alloy from dripping.

Bottom-up technique

This technology is extremely common. It is characterized by the following features:

1. At the beginning of work, the welding machine rod is placed perpendicular to the surface being processed.
2. As soon as the arc has been excited and the first drops have formed, it is recommended to tilt the electrode slightly.
3. A short arc is supported by the end of the rod and the drops are collected a little, and when it is withdrawn briefly, time is given for the molten material to cool and crystallize.
4. Transverse oscillatory movements can be reported. This eliminates the possibility of a long delay of the heat source at one point.

Vertical seam from bottom to top

This technique allows you to get a high-quality seam. However, it is characterized by low productivity, since it is necessary to allow the drops to cool from time to time.

Principles of vertical welding

There are several other common technologies that can be used to produce a seam. Among them we note:

1. Triangle technology is suitable for cases where the metal thickness is no more than 2 mm. It should be carried out only after the edges that will be joined have been blunted. The shape of the resulting bathtub resembles a triangle. For this technology, it is recommended to choose an electrode with a diameter of 3 mm. The current strength should be no more than 100 Amperes.
2. The herringbone is used extremely rarely, as it is suitable for a base with a thickness of 2-3 mm. It involves chaotic and complex movement of the arc.
3. The ladder is used when it is necessary to create the widest possible seam, the edges are minimally blunted. Among the features of this technology, it can be noted that the rod must quickly move from one edge to another with minimal vertical movement. There is no need to hold the tool on the edge for a long time, after which it is quickly transferred to the opposite side. A ladder is used when the thickness of the alloy is 4 mm.

Vertical welding is easier when using a modern welding inverter, which allows you to adjust the main parameters with high accuracy.

How to properly hold the electrode when welding with an inverter

You bought a welding machine and want to learn how to weld with an inverter for beginners.

There is no need to be afraid of difficulties! The inverter machine is easy to use; anyone without experience or knowledge can master the welding process in a short time.

Equipment, equipment, safety precautions

Safety precautions. Welding production is associated with electrical voltage, or in common parlance - current. The current is invisible, but can kill a person.

We check the welding cables for serviceability and connect them to the inverter equipment. Return cable with a clothespin on metal to the negative connector. Cable with electrode holder to connector +. We insert the electrode into the electrode holder.

When connecting the device to the network, visually evaluate the current-carrying cables for serviceability. After making sure that the cables are in good condition, we plug in the plug into the socket and the toggle switch on the device, having previously set the current regulator to the lowest value. If the cooling fan starts working smoothly, without crackling or noise, then everything is fine.

Metal weight. When connecting heavy structures, take precautions. If multi-ton products collapse, they can lead to death or disability.

Equipment. Welding production involves high temperatures. The welder must have:

• canvas mittens (gaiters);
• robe (special suit);
• mask with a light filter;
• respirator for work in confined spaces;
• boots with rubber soles.

Gaiters are used when welding at heights, when arms are raised up, and mittens in other cases.

• welding machine;
• hammer;
• brush;
• electrodes.

Electrodes are selected according to the metal (carbon content, additives) and diameter, depending on the thickness of the metal and the technical characteristics of the inverter.

Inverter Welding Basics

For beginners, experienced welders advise attaching the holder cable to the body, pressing it with the elbow of the arm and wrapping it along the forearm (from the elbow to the hand), and taking the holder in your hand. This way the shoulder joint will pull the cable, and the arm and hand will remain free.

The method will help you manipulate your hand with ease.

Correct placement of the cable on the forearm. You should not work with bare hands.

If you simply take the holder in your hand without wrapping the cable around your forearm, then during the welding process your hand will get tired and wrist movements will cause the cable to dangle. Which will affect the quality of the welded joint.

How to cook using inverter welding correctly? We set the welding current on the machine according to the diameter of the electrode, the type of connection and the welding position. Setup instructions are available on the device and the electrode pack. We take a stable stance, move our elbow away from the body (no pressing), put on a mask and begin the process.

For beginners, it is better to start welding with an inverter with metal workpieces larger than 20 cm.

It is known that a beginner, putting on a mask and lighting an arc, stops breathing, trying to boil the entire length of the workpiece in one breath. With short products, you will develop the habit of cooking in one go. Therefore, practice on long workpieces, learning to breathe properly when welding.

Workpieces (plates) on the work table can be placed in a horizontal plane - vertically towards you or horizontally, it makes no difference.

At the beginning of welding, place the electrode clamped in the holder at an angle of 90 degrees (perpendicular) and move it towards the seam by 30-45 degrees. Light the arc and start moving.

1. If welding is performed at an angle backwards, then the tilt of 30-45 degrees goes towards the seam.
2. If the connection occurs at an angle forward, then the electrode is tilted away from the seam.

The distance between the surface to be welded and the electrode is 2-3 mm, imagine that you are running a pencil along a sheet of paper.

Please note that when welding, the electrode decreases as it burns - gradually bring the melting rod closer to the surface at a distance of 2-3 mm and maintain an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees.

Watch a useful video on how to learn how to weld with electric welding for beginners:

How can a beginner learn to weld with a welding inverter?

First we learn to light and hold an arc. Feel the edge when to bring the electrode closer to the surface to be welded during combustion so that the arc does not interrupt.

The electrode is ignited in two ways:

The new electrode ignites easily. A slag film appears on the working rod, preventing ignition. You just need to tap longer to break the film.

1. To facilitate arc ignition, inverter devices have a built-in Hot Start function.
2. If a beginner quickly brings the electrode closer to the surface, the Arc Force function (arc force, anti-sticking) is activated, increasing the welding current, preventing the electrode from sticking.
3. If the melting rod gets stuck, the Anti Stick function cuts off the current, preventing the inverter from overheating.

What is arc force on a welding inverter and how to use it.

It is better for a beginner to first learn on a thread seam; the electrode is held smoothly, without oscillatory movements.

After mastering thread technology, proceed to welding metal with oscillatory movements. Which are used on thick metal for heating, holding the electrode at a certain point using movements - herringbone, zigzags, spiral or your own method.

Types of oscillatory movements

At the beginning of the connection, we carry out several movements from left to right, forming a weld pool and go along the seam making oscillatory movements. The angle of inclination of the electrode is 30-45 degrees. After passing, we beat off the slag with a hammer and clean it with a brush. Take care of your eyes, wear glasses.

Tip: at the end of the weld, make oscillatory movements to the sides and move the electrode towards the deposited metal. This trick will add beauty to the welded joint (get rid of the crater).

how to weld corner joints, butt joints and overlap joints.

• single-pass (one pass replenishes the thickness of the metal);
• multi-pass.

A single-pass weld is performed on metals up to 3 mm. Multi-pass seams are applied for large metal thicknesses.

Welders check the quality of the seam with a hammer - they strike next to the seam. If the seam is smooth, without irregularities, then after the impact the slag flies off completely, there is nothing for it to catch on. It is important to select the correct temperature regime: an overheated seam (hot) will break, an underheated one - there is a risk of lack of penetration.

The current is selected based on the diameter of the electrode, in theory 30 A per 1 mm of electrode diameter.

Direct and reverse polarity when welding with an inverter

Let's consider polarity when welding with an inverter. With a DC connection, the movement of electrons is constant, which reduces spattering of molten metal. The seam is of high quality and neat.

The device has a choice of polarity. What is polarity is the direction of movement of electrons depending on the connection of cables to equipment connectors.

1. Reverse polarity when welding with an inverter - minus on the workpiece, plus on the electrode. The current flows from minus to plus (from the workpiece to the electrode). The electrode heats up more. Used for welding thin metals, the risk of burn-through is reduced.
2. Straight polarity - minus on the electrode, plus on the workpiece. Current moves from the electrode to the workpiece. The metal heats up more than the electrode. Used for welding thick metals from 3 mm and cutting with an inverter.

The polarity is indicated on the pack of electrodes; these instructions will help you correctly connect the wires to the equipment.

Welding thin metal with an inverter

The essence of connecting thin plates comes down to selecting small-diameter electrodes and adjusting the welding current. For example, for metal with a thickness of 0.8 mm, electrodes with a diameter of 1.8 mm are used. The current on the inverter is set to 35 A.

Technology occurs in intermittent movements. Watch a video showing how to join thin plates in detail.

How to cut metal with a welding inverter

To properly burn a hole in a pipe, we set the current on the device to 140 A for a 2.5 mm electrode. We light the electrode, placing it in one place to warm up the metal and press it in. We move the electrode to a new place, warm it up and press it in. Gradually, we cut a hole in the pipe.

When cutting, it is better to place the plate vertically so that the molten snot flows down. If you cut in a horizontal position, icicles will harden at the bottom of the cut. That's all the tricks!

Beginners are tormented by the question, which polarity of wires is better when cutting with an inverter?

1. When cutting with electric welding, straight polarity is preferable. The melting zone is narrow but deep.
2. With reverse polarity, the melting zone is wide but shallow.

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/kak-pravilno-derzhat-jelektrod-pri-svarke

Welding horizontal and vertical seams with an inverter

Welding of high-quality vertical and horizontal seams is carried out in different ways. First of all, they are classified according to the method of connecting parts together.

Depending on how serious the requirements are for the reliability of the welds, molten metal can be applied on one or both sides.

When a double-sided welding technique is used, the structure is much stronger. If there is only one seam, then the product often begins to warp.

In order for the welds to be as reliable and high-quality as possible, be sure to clean the workpieces from rust with a file or grinder before starting welding work.

How to weld a butt seam?

Let's start learning how to weld a vertical seam. A butt joint is used, as a rule, when it is necessary to connect sheet metal or the end parts of pipes together.

The workpieces should be positioned relative to each other in such a way that there is a slight gap between them, the value of which should not exceed 2 mm. If possible, they should be firmly fixed using clamps.

During the welding process, the gap will be filled with molten metal.

Prepare connections using one of the following technologies:

• If the element has a thickness of 4 to 12 mm, then the edges should be cleaned using one of the convenient methods. The edge cutting will need to be done on only one element. With a thickness of about 8-10 mm, stripping is carried out in the shape of the Latin letter V. Other cuts are technologically more complex, so they are used quite rarely;
• When obtaining welded joints with a metal thickness of more than 12 mm, a double weld must be made, since it is not possible to heat and melt such a thick workpiece on only one side. The edges are cut using double-sided technology in the shape of the letter X, since ordinary cutting leads to too much metal cutting.

How to get a high-quality seam in the horizontal plane?

Even a novice welder can figure out how to weld a horizontal seam. It is with this method of welding that one begins to learn the welding craft. Welding vertical seams is much more difficult and can only be mastered by experienced specialists.

Despite the fact that welding a horizontal seam seems, at first glance, to be a fairly simple technological process, it also has certain pitfalls that can ultimately seriously spoil the work.

Both with horizontal and vertical metal connections using inverter welding, gravity has a certain effect on the work. From the bottom weld, molten metal will flow towards the bottom edge, and air bubbles will begin to rise to the surface, forming foam on the surfacing. If the seam is at the top, the molten metal will drip directly onto the welder, which can lead to serious damage.

The technological process includes the following important steps:

• Welding with an inverter begins with the formation of the first weld bead, which is carried out only with a short arc. The electrode is guided along the line of the resulting connection, without deviating from it either to the right or to the left. It should also be held at an angle of approximately 80 degrees. This slope allows the metal to penetrate to the ceiling of the seam being formed, and almost all of the slag will come out to the surface of the parts;
• We weld the second bead by setting the average current value; the electrode should also be drawn evenly, keeping an eye on the seam. The width of the section at this stage is somewhat larger, so for this work you should use a thicker electrode;
• The third bead when welding with an inverter is necessary to fill the entire cutting edge.

Horizontal seams are of the highest quality if this sequence of work is followed.

Bottom line

Despite the fact that horizontal and vertical seams are not too different from each other, when forming them, the characteristics of the joints should be taken into account. Only in this case can you obtain a product of the highest possible quality.

Source: https://electrod.biz/varim/seams/svarka-gorizontalnyih-vertikalnyih-shvov.html

Welding vertical seams

In the process of welding metals, you often encounter situations when it is necessary to connect two workpieces located in different planes. This complicates the process itself, because the junction of the two parts is located either at an angle, or vertically, or in the ceiling plane.

Welding vertical seams (ceiling and inclined) is not an easy task. It is due to the fact that even molten metal located between two metal blanks is subject to the law of universal gravitation, that is, it is pulled down all the time. Hence the difficulties in welding.

Therefore, there are two important principles for welding vertical seams:

1. The molten metal in the weld zone should crystallize faster than in the normal bottom position. And this will be possible if the drops of molten metal are small in size. This can only be achieved by reducing the length of the arc, and when welding with an inverter or semi-automatic device, it is necessary to move the electrode inward and outward with short and quick movements. The movement of the holder will be similar to tapping the electrode on the surface to be welded.
2. Welding a vertical seam with alternating current is performed from the bottom up. When filling the weld crater, it is filled from below. Thus, the metal located below will act as a kind of support for the metal that fills the weld pool above.

True, bottom-up technology is not always applicable for welding a vertical seam. There are many situations when you have to weld a seam from top to bottom. To prevent drops of molten metal from flowing down, it is necessary to adhere to certain welding conditions.

• The arc should be short.
• At the beginning of ignition, the electrode should be positioned perpendicular to the plane of connection of the two workpieces.
• When welding, it tilts down from the side of the holder, that is, the electrode itself should be located at an acute angle in relation to the welding seam. At the same time, it must support the metal drops with an arc so that they do not flow down.
• If the flow cannot be stopped, then it is necessary to increase the current and increase the downward movement of the electrode. It is also recommended to increase the width of the weld seam by moving the consumable from side to side.

This technology of connecting welded workpieces with a vertical seam is much easier than from the bottom up. But the quality of the seam is much worse.

How to weld a vertical seam correctly

Before welding a vertical seam using semi-automatic electric welding or an inverter, you must select a welding technology. This depends on the thickness of the workpieces being welded, on the distance between their edges, as well as on the shape of the blunting of the edges.

1. Triangle welding technology. It is usually used if parts with a thickness of no more than 2 mm are connected. In this case, the maximum blunting of the edges is used. This technology is based on the principle of welding from the bottom up, with the liquid metal located on top of the solidifying one. It gradually flows down, covering the crystallizing metal seam bead. In this case, the slag flowing down does not interfere with the penetration of the metal edges, because it moves along the already solidified bath. In fact, the bathtub is obtained at a certain angle, this is the basis of the triangle technology. Because in appearance the welded pool is similar to this figure. It is important to move the electrode correctly to completely fill the joint. Therefore, a shelf is first assembled at the bottom position of the gap, after which the electrode moves, for example, to the left edge, where filling is done, then to the right. This is how the seam is filled. For this arc welding technology, it is better to use an electrode with a diameter of 3 mm, a current of 80-100 amperes.
2. Herringbone. This type of vertical seam welding is optimal for gaps between workpieces of 2-3 mm. Quite complex movements of the electrode are used here. Welding must begin from the plane of one of the edges. That is, along the wall of the edge from the depth towards you, you need to use an electrode to deposit metal over the entire thickness of the workpiece. Then, without stopping, you need to lower the electrode to the very depth of the gap. Pause here for melting to occur, and then do the same manipulations along the other edge. And thus continue from bottom to top, to the very top of the weld. This achieves a uniform distribution of molten metal in the gap space. The most important thing is to prevent the formation of undercut edges and metal leaks.
3. Ladder. This method of welding vertical seams is used when there is a maximum gap between the metal workpieces being joined and with minimal blunting of the edges (or no blunting at all). The welding process itself is a transition from one edge to another with minimal lifting of the electrode. That is, welding is carried out in a zigzag motion from edge to edge from bottom to top. In this case, the electrode stops at the edges for a long time, and the transition, on the contrary, must be carried out quickly. With this technology, the bead will have a small cross-section, which is why welders call it “light.”

All technologies can be produced by an inverter or semi-automatic device. You can weld parts up to 4 mm thick.

Arc ignition

For the quality of welding of vertical seams, it is very important to ignite the arc correctly. And it doesn’t matter whether you cook with an inverter, transformer or semi-automatic device. If the electrode runs out, it needs to be changed quickly, because the delay is a decrease in the temperature in the bath.

But even in this case, ignition must begin from the highest point of the crater. By the way, this can be in the center of the crater or on the side, it all depends on where the welding was completed before. The first pass into depth must be done quickly.

This is how you can avoid slagging the gap. Because the arc is still unstable and the bath temperature is not at the required level.

After raising the electrode, you need to pause to melt the starting point of welding, where the arc stabilizes and the bath reaches the required temperature. After this, you can go down deeper into the gap.

Cooking a vertical seam is quite difficult. No wonder there are so many options available. Beginning welders will have to spend a lot of time learning how to do this. Therefore, we suggest watching a video on how to properly electric weld a vertical seam.

Source: https://svarkalegko.com/tehonology/kak-varit-vertikalnyj-shov.html

How to properly hold the electrode when welding?

It has been several hundred years since people first joined two metal surfaces together using the process of melting a metal rod using an electric current. This rod is the electrode.

Electrode composition and its significance

The coating, or its surface, consists of a mixture of metals - nickel, manganese, iron and minerals - alumina, magnesia, limestone, which are in a powdery state. Metals melt, and minerals act as a kind of protection against oxygen. Such protection is necessary to strengthen the connection. A dye is additionally added to this mixture, which makes them easier to recognize by type.

The basis for coating is a thin metal wire. The type of which depends on the work for which this product is intended to be used. Basically, wire made of stainless steel or carbon wire is used for this.

electrode tilt

The product transmits an electric current intended to heat and melt the metal surface.

Every person, sooner or later in life, is faced with a situation when he needs to weld something at home using electric welding and a machine. First of all, for this you need to have a welding machine and, of course, work skills, because you definitely need to know how to weld with electrodes correctly.

Principle of Electric Welding Process

If you weld using electric welding at home, use any welding machine with a maximum power of 160 Amp. During work, an arc is excited between the plane of the part and the electrode. To work successfully, you must follow some rules:

• To the plane of the parts that need welding, it is necessary to attach one wire that extends from the transformer - ground, and the other wire, to which the electrode is attached to the holder, must be brought to the plane of the welding site and guided along it with the end of the product. This will create an arc.
• In order to carry out welding correctly, it is necessary to weld correctly using electrodes. This is achieved by selecting the desired distance from the joint surface. The optimal distance is considered to be from 2 to 6 mm. As a result of the high temperature of the arc, the metal on the welding surface melts and the groove that was formed when the arc impacted the metal surface is filled. If you correctly and carefully guide the electrode along the length of the joint, this groove is filled with molten metal.
• The choice of electrodes themselves is of great importance for effective and high-quality results. To carry out the work, the following types are used: steel, copper, cast iron, bimetallic, brass. They are also divided into brands, for example, 332, 350 and others. To indicate their marking, a kind of index is used, indicating the viscosity parameter of the weld, and the numbers on the index indicate the level of metal hardness. The main rule that must be used when selecting them is to calculate the thickness of the metal.
• In order for welding to be successful, you must be able to hold the welding electrode correctly. There should be an inclination of approximately 80 degrees, towards the arc. The occurrence of an arc can be achieved by two methods: striking (the product must be held like a match while lighting it) and lifting (it is tapped on the surface and lifted while the arc appears).

horizontal seam

It is important not only to hold the welding electrode correctly, but also to select the required amperage. If it is too small, the arc will constantly go out.

The ability to hold the electrode while welding makes it possible to develop your hand and weld at a higher level and at a faster speed.

movement of the electrode end during welding

Selecting the right quantity

An important operation in preparation for work is counting the required number of electrodes. In this case, the following factors must be taken into account: the thickness and mass of the metal, the length of the seam. This procedure allows you to work efficiently and economically, if you move the electrode evenly.

Several methods are used to calculate their number. The most popular method is to calculate the weight of the smelted metal. The unit of measurement in which their quantity is calculated is kilogram. The purchase is quite a significant expense.

In order to save at least a little on your purchase, you need to take into account their type and current strength during proper electrode welding.

You can also use an automatic or semi-automatic type of welding process. These methods involve moving an electrode in a circle; they make it possible to significantly reduce the number of electrodes required to weld the surfaces of parts and metals.

Additional materials

How to cook with a welding inverter

Welding inverter is a modern welding machine, simple and easy to use, which will help you cope with any welding work easily and in the shortest possible time. Understanding the intricacies of inverter welding will also not be difficult.

How to correctly calculate the consumption of electrodes?

Before you start welding, you should take care in advance of purchasing the required number of electrodes. But to do this, you need to know exactly how many electrodes you will need to work. Having carried out all the calculations, you can avoid a large amount of surplus or the need to purchase additional welding materials.

Welding work on cast iron

Various welding methods and methods are used to process cast iron products. The wide variety of technologies used is due to the characteristics of this metal. Cast iron is a very durable and sensitive material that requires special attention from professional craftsmen.

Source: https://rem-serv.com/kak-pravilno-derzhat-elektrod-pri-svarke/

Types of electrode position during welding

A serious aspect of welding technology for performing high-quality metal welding is the correct choice of the position of the electric current conductor. The angle of inclination of the electrode during welding directly depends on the positions. There are three main options for location relative to the surface plane:

• angle forward;
• at right angles;
• angle back.

Electrode position when welding

When positioned at an angle forward, the tilt value will be in the range of 30–60 degrees. In this case, the liquid slag moves in the direction of the weld pool and manages to cover the molten area of ​​the metal. That small part of the liquid slag that falls will be displaced by heavier molten metal.

If the amount of slag in front increases, the inclination angle should be reduced. When it is clear that the liquid slag completely floods the bath and does not have time to harden, you should take the position of the electrode “At a right angle”. Then gradually decrease the angle value. You need to maintain a balance.

For shallow penetration of the base metal, you need to choose this particular position of the electrode when manual arc welding.

At right angles. The working angle in this position is 90 degrees. This is the most correct position of the electrode when welding in hard-to-reach places where there is no possibility of choosing any other angle of inclination. This approach is also necessary to obtain penetration of the base metal to an average depth.

Angle back. This approach provides a range of tilt angles from 30 to 60 degrees back. The use of this position strongly pushes the liquid slag back and holds it behind the fused weld pool. It is necessary to choose the correct angle value so that the liquid slag has time to follow the electrode and cover the molten metal. This position of the electrode during welding is used for deep penetration of the base metal.

Main types of movement of the electrode end

One of the most important criteria is the degree of required effort (volume of deposited metal) for high-quality welding. Welding seams can be divided into:

• normal (seam with a flat surface);
• reinforced (convex seam);
• weakened (concave seam).

To perform a particular weld, in addition to obtaining the required volume of deposited metal, it is important to use the method of melting the edges that will be weldable. This can be achieved by knowing how to properly hold the electrode when welding with an inverter, namely: maintaining a constant distance between the electrode and the workpiece and choosing the necessary technique for moving the end of the welding conductor of the electric current.

Types of simultaneous electrode movements:

• progressive;
• straight;
• oscillatory.

Schematic representation of electrode movement

The movement performed along the electrode axis, guaranteeing a constant arc size and speed of the welding process, is called translational.

During manual arc welding, the movement of the electrode along the axis of the seam, which makes it possible to control the speed of the melting process and the quality of seam formation, is called linear.

An oscillatory movement performed across the suture axis with an inclination of 45 degrees is applicable for heating the edges and controlling the width of the seam. Some types of electrodes for manual arc welding of thin-sheet rolled products or for performing root welds cannot withstand this movement plan.

Distance between electrode and workpiece

The question at what distance to hold the electrode when welding is important, since this directly affects the quality of the seam created, its shape, size, as well as its roughness. The distance or magnitude of the arc does not actually affect the depth of penetration of the base metal. When electrode welding, the arc length can be:

• very short;
• short;
• medium and long.

The most optimal arc size is 2-3 mm.

Welding arc length

When working with an electrode “butt” to the welding surface, in other words, using a very short arc, you need to use maximum and average currents without using oscillatory and transverse movements. This distance is excellent for making root welds in almost all types of joints and in different positions.

The distance between the surface of the part and the welding electrode is approximately 50% of the diameter of the electric current conductor. Welding at such a distance, as a rule, increases the welding current and the depth of penetration of the base metal.

The tension and seam width are significantly reduced. The weld pool is perfectly protected.

One of the answers to the frequently asked question: how to properly hold the electrode when welding a vertical seam is that a short arc is applicable during vertical welding, as well as for making ceiling and horizontal seams.

"Note!

A feature of the average arc is the distance between the electrical conductor and the surface of the part from 1 to 1.2 times the diameter of the electrode used. By maintaining such a distance, the tension increases and the seam expands significantly.”

Using a long arc of 150% of the electrode diameter, most often, the seam is wider, the penetration depth is reduced, and the protection of the bath is significantly reduced. Strong spattering of the electrode metal may occur, resulting in the formation of pores in the weld.

Welding mode selection

By mode is meant a set of aspects to create the normal course of the welding procedure. It directly depends on the angle at which you hold the electrode when welding, and also affects:

• welding conductor diameter;
• current characteristics (type, polarity, magnitude);
• initial temperature of the base material;
• polarization of electrodes;
• welding arc length;
• voltage;
• moving the end of the electrode.

An increase in current can cause, at a constant speed, an increase in the penetration depth, which is characterized by a change in the value of the linear energy. And also by changing the pressure indicator exerted by the arc column on the weld pool.

Indicators of polarity and type of current affect the appearance and size of the seam.

The width of the seam also directly depends on the value of the stress parameter. The higher it is, the wider the seam.

The diameter of the welding conductor is selected depending on the thickness of the material being welded, the position in which the welding is performed, as well as the characteristics of the connection and the shape of the prepared edges for welding.

Welding modes also depend on the position of the electrode and the part being welded.

Conclusion

The welding process is designed to produce permanent joints of metal elements using local heating until plasticity and melting. It is widely used in the construction and industrial industries for the manufacture of various metal structures, reinforcing cages in reinforced concrete products.

The welding process significantly reduces labor costs during the production of metal structures, ensures reliable connection of elements and saves metal. The quickest way to figure out how to hold the electrode correctly when welding is to watch a video with lessons from specialists and a detailed description of the process.

Source: https://svarkaipayka.ru/material/elektrodyi/kak-derzhat-elektrod-pri-svarke.html

Vertical welding technology

The technique of welding vertical seams depends on several factors:

• characteristics of the metal of the materials that need to be connected;
• the type of welding that is used in this case;
• welder skill:
• quality and features of the equipment used.

You can create welds in several ways:

• from top to bottom with arc separation:
• from bottom to top with arc separation;
• from top to bottom without breaking the arc:
• from bottom to top without breaking the arc.

Creating a seam with an electrode

Welding in a vertical position requires more attention and effort than in a horizontal position. This is due to possible metal leaks. For novice welders, it will be easier to form a weld with arc separation. Thus, the material hardens quickly. To make the process easier, at this time the electrode can be rested on the edge of the weld crater. During the formation of the track, movements are made both with the separation of the arc and without separation - with a zigzag, crescent, loops or roller - “up and down”.

If you decide to weld a vertical seam from top to bottom, then this is done with a very short arc. It will take a little practice beforehand to learn how to melt the metal, but avoid it from spreading downwards. Here it is important to hold the electrode correctly - strictly perpendicular to the edges of the crater. When exciting the arc and creating a roller, you need to tilt it down a little (45 degrees).

The recommended electrode diameter is 4-5 mm with a current of no more than 170A.

How to properly weld a vertical seam without tearing can be seen in this video tutorial:

Correct position of the electrode during welding

The correct position of the electrode during welding is one of the main conditions for obtaining a high-quality, reliable joint.

Depending on the type of connection, the electrode must be held and tilted differently, so it is important for a novice welder to learn how to maintain an optimal position in relation to the surface of the parts being welded. The inclination of the electrode during welding affects the heating of the part and the maintenance of molten metal in the weld pool.

Basic Rules

To strike the arc, the electrode must be held at a right angle, then tilted a small degree (about 15 °). The distance from the surface is 1-2 mm. To obtain a high-quality joint, it is necessary to weld with a shorter arc.

When the electrode is positioned perpendicular to the base metal, it quickly spreads in the weld pool and fills all the voids with the melt.

To reduce the heating of a thin metal plate, it is necessary to place a seam with a small leg. As the angle decreases, heat transfer increases, and the welding speed in this case will decrease. It becomes possible to form a high-quality roller.

If the angle of inclination of the electrode is very sharp, then the material of the main structure will not heat up. The weld pool is quite narrow. The seam will be high, but with uncooked edges.

To achieve a permanent connection of well-fitted parts, during a butt connection it is necessary to maintain uniform advancement of the electrode at a constant angle of inclination.

This method helps fill the weld pool with filler metal and form a weld with increased density.

But in some cases it is necessary to change the angle of the electrode, for example, when welding pipes. It is especially important to follow this rule for welding non-rotating joints.

To fill all the voids in the weld puddle, it is sometimes better to make the slope sharper, slowing down the filler metal filling of the weld and maintaining the selected leg. When finishing the passage, you must remember to lift the tip of the electrode so that a crater does not form.

The ability to hold the electrode correctly during the welding process comes with experience. You must constantly remember the location of the core and try to hold the holder handle without tension. Your hands should be slightly relaxed and your movements should be free.

Technique

If you follow the rules of welding, you can smooth out errors arising from deviations in the angle of inclination of the holder. Depending on the required filling of the weld, several methods are adopted:

• triangle. This wiring allows you to reliably weld the root of the seam. It is used for welding parts with a thickness of over 6 mm and provides reliable heating of the middle part of the seam. The method is most common when welding pipes with a fixed joint;
• guiding the electrode along a broken zigzag line. It is used when welding structures with a metal thickness of less than 6 mm. The highest quality seams are obtained when butt welding and in the lower position. Such wiring can be used to weld joints efficiently without ensuring bevel of the edges;
• circular or elliptical movements with the electrode. This method ensures reliable heating of both planes of the parts being welded. It is used when welding structures made of alloy steels and in a vertical position of the joint.

In this case, it is important to ensure simultaneous advancement of the core together with the movements responsible for heating the joint and filling the seam. There are three promotion options that can replace each other.

The first option is translational movement along the axis of the core. This movement is necessary to maintain an arc with a constant length and ensure a certain speed of welding structures.

The second type is movement along the axis of the seam in a straight line. In this case, the welder has the opportunity to control the time of metal melting and provide a certain leg.

The third option is to make oscillatory movements at an angle of 45° across the seam. This method is used to ensure heating of the edge of the part.

The welder can adjust the width of the bead on thin metal. This option for advancing electrodes is indispensable for multilayer joints . Used for root seam.

Selecting the angle of inclination

It is necessary to move the electrode at different angles. The choice of the desired position depends on the type of material, the location of the parts in space and the thickness of the metal. The main methods of core management include three methods.

Angle forward

In this case, the core is driven at an angle from 30° to 60°. In this position of the electrode, the molten coating forms slag.

It moves after the weld pool and reliably covers it from the invasion of harmful gases. Some slag that falls in front of the weld is displaced by molten metal on the sides of the joint.

If a large amount of slag forms in front of the bath, then the slope must be reduced. In rare cases, the tilt can be adjusted to a right angle. This must be done when there is severe slag formation.

In this case, it does not have time to harden and fills the bath, extinguishing the welding arc. Therefore, it is necessary to ignite the arc at a right angle, gradually changing it, to achieve normal slag formation.

This method is used when a small depth of heating of the base metal is necessary, for welding ceiling joints, welding a vertical seam on a channel, welding pipes with a fixed joint and for making a root weld on thick metal workpieces.

Perpendicular

It is quite difficult to constantly hold the electrode perpendicular to the surface, so the method requires sufficient skills as an electric welder.

Used for welding in inaccessible places where it is not possible to tilt the electrode at a different angle. In this case, you can achieve a small penetration of the metal parts.

Angle back

Welding is performed with an inclined electrode, similar to when welding with a “forward angle”, only the angle is counted in the other direction. In this case, the molten slag is forced out of the weld pool and is located immediately behind it.

For different electrodes, it is necessary to select a certain angle that will ensure optimal performance of work. The molten slag must have time to pass immediately behind the electrode and cover the molten metal, ensuring its uniform cooling.

This method is most often used when welding with the condition of reliable molten metal, regardless of the thickness of the structural parts. This method is indispensable when welding cores with rutile coatings.

Used to make the first (root) seam of thick parts in a vertical or lower joint position. This method will provide a reliable permanent connection of angular joint positions, channel welding, and pipe connections. For a more experienced electric welder, welding with a very small welding arc is possible.

Regardless of the choice of method for tilting the electrode during welding, the position of the slag in the weld pool should be maintained in balance. It should not spread quickly in front of the seam, but it should not lag too far behind it.

In any case, choosing the right angle and holding the electrode stably during electric arc welding is possible only with experience.

Source: https://svaring.com/welding/teorija/kak-pravilno-derzhat-elektrod-pri-svarke

How to cook using inverter welding with electrodes?

Welding is one of the affordable and reliable ways to firmly connect metal products. In a private house, in a garage or in a country house, there is always work related to welding: repairing a hole in a watering barrel, building a fence, repairing a metal table, and more.

Usually they turn to professionals, but if you need to do simple work and the beauty of the seam is not of great importance, then you can do the welding work yourself. It is better if the first lessons are taught by an experienced master, but in some cases you have to learn the basics of electric welding yourself.

The simplest, most accessible and popular is electric arc welding, which is why almost all craftsmen whose work is related to metal use it.

What is manual arc welding?

Fig.1

The manual arc welding process involves using an inverter or transformer to create an electric arc between the tip of the electrode and the surface of the metal. The elevated temperature melts the metal and electrode, promoting fusion of the materials. (Fig. 1) The place where the metal is connected to the electrode is called the weld pool. Standard bath sizes:

• width 7-15 mm;
• length 10-32 mm;
• depth 5-6 mm.

The parameters of the weld pool are arbitrary and depend on various factors: welding mode, shape of the edges of the products being welded, speed of movement of the electrode, and others.

When the electrode melts, its coating forms a protective gas layer that prevents the metal from burning through and also protects it from exposure to oxygen. A weld seam is formed, covered with a layer of slag. The slag is subsequently removed using the welder's hammer.

Manual arc welding is very popular due to the advantages:

• availability;
• available supplies and equipment;
• does not require re-adjustment of equipment for welding different materials;
• good seam quality.

Tools and protective equipment for welding

For manual welding you will need: a welding machine, consumables in the form of electrodes, a metal brush, a hammer, a chisel and a mask with a light filter (welder mask).

If you have never seen an electrode holder and you are not even familiar with the general concepts and rules of electric welding, seek help from professionals. In the Enkor24 online store, experienced sales consultants will give competent advice and help you choose the necessary tools and equipment for both beginners and experienced welders. If you want to save your time and money, go to the Enkor24 online store.

ru, look, choose and buy only what you really need, without imposition or bias towards the brand, at very attractive prices.

Only here you will find a huge selection of welding equipment and can buy electrodes, welding machines, welder’s masks, leggings, presented by both leading Russian and foreign manufacturers: ESAB, Elitech, RESANTA, Enkor, Fubag, Plasmatec, TIGARBO, LEZ, Telwin and others .

Source: https://svarkagid.com/kak-pravilno-varit-invertornoj-svarkoj-s-elektrodami/