What you need to solder a wire

How to learn to solder wires correctly

A soldered connection is considered one of the best in terms of reliability in electrical engineering, and in radio engineering, soldering of radio components is indispensable during their installation. 

Soldering is the joining of homogeneous and dissimilar metal parts using a metal alloy called solder, which has a melting point lower than the structures being soldered.

Physics of soldering processes

Molten solder behaves like a liquid, one of the properties of which is surface wetting - that is, the distribution of molecules over the surface in a thin layer.

Solder molecules diffuse in the surface layer of the metal, which, in turn, partially dissolves in the solder. An important role is played by the type of surface and its contamination, as well as the presence of an oxide film. In short, soldering two wires means moistening their surfaces with a continuous layer of molten solder, which, once hardened, will provide mechanical strength to the connection and reliable electrical contact.

Since copper conductors are used in household electrical wiring, we will mainly talk about how to solder copper.

The process of soldering copper wires is not so demanding in terms of the choice of solder, flux and temperature, so anyone - you need to acquire minimal equipment and follow safety rules.

Soldering tools

A heating device used to heat solder and soldered structures is called a soldering iron.

This is what a soldering iron consists of

Types of soldering irons common in everyday life:

• electric heating.

The heating element heats up the copper tip, the end of which is the working surface of the tool. This type of soldering iron is the most common, therefore, we will tell you how to properly solder wires using this particular tool, with a power of 60-100 W, tip temperature up to 300ºC;

• hot air and gas.Gas burnerThermal air

A stream of hot air or an open flame heats up the soldering area, to which solder is supplied in the form of filler wire.

Due to the high thermal power of these tools, they are used for soldering massive parts that require a lot of heat to heat up;

• hammer

The copper tip is made in the form of a massive hammer, heated by an open flame or a built-in electric heating element.

You can solder without electricity using a hammer soldering iron. Due to the large heat capacity of the tip, with proper skill, the master can solder all the wires in the junction box with one heating.

Selecting consumables

You need to purchase low-temperature tin-lead solder type POS. The number following the abbreviation indicates the percentage composition of tin. The most popular brand in radio electronics and electrical engineering is POS-61 (a foreign analogue of Sn63Pb37) due to the coincidence of the temperatures of the initial and complete melting of the alloy (190ºС).

Solders of other brands have a temperature range in which the alloy is in a specific eutectic state and looks like a paste of fine-grained granules. Light movement of parts in this temperature range significantly impairs the quality of soldering.

POS-61 is not subject to this eutectic effect and passes from the solid phase to the liquid phase and vice versa immediately after reaching a temperature of 190ºC, so for beginners it is best to use this particular brand of solder, which is sold in coils in the form of wire or a tube with rosin. Rosin is most often used as a flux for soldering copper wires.

as well as soldering acid based on zinc chloride - their role will be discussed below.

Wire tinning process

Cleaning surfaces before soldering is the most important step in this process. First you need to remove the insulation from the wires and make sure that there is no enamel coating or oxide film on them.

Stripping copper wires

Cleaning the surface of the conductor to a metallic shine using a knife or finely abrasive sandpaper will help in tinning - this is the name of the process of wetting the solder area with solder. To do this, you need to touch the rosin with the heated tip of the tip - the characteristic hissing and boiling of the flux will indicate the normal temperature of the soldering iron.

Wire tinning

Without delay, so that the rosin does not evaporate, you need to take a drop of solder by touching the unwound POS-61 wiring. In this case, the flux prevents the oxidation of the solder. The second function of rosin or soldering acid is to decompose the oxide film on the metal surface.

Tinning

Tinning is best done by pressing the wire with a soldering iron tip to a wooden plank - the gases released during the pyrolysis of wood also partially help, acting as a flux.

Much better results are achieved using an aspirin tablet as a support. Acetylsalicylic acid, when evaporated, effectively removes the oxide layer.

tinning of twists

The nuances of tinning

Solder is spread over the surface of the wire, rolling it along the axis. If the exposed conductor is not completely tinning, and the rosin stops boiling, then you need to re-tip the flux and POS if necessary.

Soldering wires

Tinning a stranded wire is the same, but it needs to be twisted so that the wires twist and do not unravel. It is often necessary to tin thin stranded wires coated with enamel. Since stripping with a knife is impossible due to the thin veins, the enamel is removed chemically - for this, a piece of polyvinyl chloride insulation is taken as a substrate.

tinning of stranded wires

By placing the wires on the insulation, tinning is carried out - when heated, the PVC releases chlorine, which corrodes the enamel, thereby opening up the access necessary for tinning to the metal surface.

how to solder wires from process to process

Soldering process

In fact, the answer to the question of how to solder correctly will be in one word: tinning, since soldering two tinned wires is not particularly difficult. Since in electrical engineering it is not recommended to solder overlapping wires, they are twisted before soldering.

twisting of stranded wire

Having twisted two or more tinned wires, take rosin and solder again and touch the twist, waiting for the alloy to completely spread between the wires, filling the voids and gaps.

Soldered Copper Stranded Wires

After this, removing the soldering iron, you need to let the solder cool down without exposing it to mechanical stress. You can treat the twisting of untinned wires with acid and solder them at the same time as tinning. The soldering iron tip must be periodically cleaned of carbon deposits.

soot

and sharpen when burned out, as well as re-tinning.

How to solder aluminum?

Aluminum wires found in old electrical wiring can also be soldered, and in theory this process is no different from the one described above. But in practice, highly active aluminum instantly oxidizes during cleaning, and the oxide layer prevents tinning, so it will not be possible to tin an aluminum wire in the usual way. For these purposes, special fluxes and high-temperature solders are used.

Using sandpaper, the oxide layer is reduced, thereby helping the flux. For tinning aluminum surfaces, use a high-temperature soldering iron or gas torch. The popular method of soldering aluminum is to add metal filings to rosin.

Using this abrasive, grinding a mixture of solder and flux, tinning is achieved, but this process is very labor-intensive and does not guarantee quality.

Source: https://infoelectrik.ru/elektroprovodka/kak-pravilno-payat.html

What you need to solder wires

First, you need to prepare a soldering iron for soldering wires with your own hands. All that is required is to thoroughly clean the tip from solder residues or other possible contaminants.

For this you can use a regular file. In addition, you must prepare solder and flux, without which you will not be able to solder wires with a soldering iron. As for solder, in order to solder the wires, you can use either an alloy of tin and lead, or a special thread, as shown in the photo below.

Flux is necessary so that during soldering the solder evenly covers the materials being soldered. In addition, flux removes the oxide film from copper conductors, which significantly impairs the reliability of the connection. As a flux, you can use either rosin or special soldering acid. Both options are popular among craftsmen.

Another important stage of preparation is creating a suitable workplace. You should have an outlet and a stand for a soldering iron nearby so that the technology of soldering wires with your own hands is safe.

By the way, you can make a soldering iron with your own hands, which will not take much time and effort. A homemade device will serve you for quite a long time, as you can see for yourself!

Step 2 – Tinning

So, if you need to solder two power wires together, then first of all you must remove the polyethylene insulation and tin the exposed wires, especially if they are very thin.

Before soldering, the stranded conductor is first twisted and then treated with flux, on top of which a thin layer of heated solder is applied.

Before soldering, be sure to prepare the tip of the soldering iron - dip it in flux (in the same rosin as shown in the photo), and then in tin so that the tip is covered with a small layer of solder.

Tinning wires for soldering is quite simple - first you must place the bare wire on the rosin, then heat this place with a soldering iron so that the wires are immersed in the flux. After this, you need to take it out and treat it evenly on all sides with solder.

To properly apply the heated tin-lead alloy to the surface, twist the wire in your hands while tinning. If you need to connect the wires in a junction box, for convenience, you can use acid instead of rosin.

It is enough to simply apply it with a brush to the surface that you need to solder.

If the conductors have a large cross-section (thick), tinning is performed in a similar way. The only difference is that you do not need to pre-twist the cores, like a stranded conductor.

After you have completed the tinning, you can move on to the soldering process. We immediately draw your attention to the fact that it is necessary to carry out work only when the electricity is turned off. Soldering live wires is strictly prohibited!

Step 3 – Solder the wires

Well, the last thing left is to solder the two prepared wires in the junction box. All you need to do is twist or overlap the wires and heat the joint with a soldering iron. The solder will melt and after it hardens, it will reliably connect the electrical conductors. We discussed tips for connecting wires by soldering in a junction box separately.

An important point - do not move the wires during soldering, otherwise the connection will not be reliable enough.

It should also be noted that preliminary tinning does not need to be done, but simply twist the wires together in a junction box, treat them with flux and solder them properly. However, we do not recommend you soldering this way, because in this case the connection will be much worse.

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/chto-nuzhno-dlja-pajanija-provodov

How to learn to solder: step-by-step instructions, features and recommendations from professionals

A soldering iron is considered one of the most common tools that can be found in any owner’s home. It is not necessary to be a specialist and do soldering professionally. But every representative of the stronger sex must have general fundamental knowledge. Breaks in wires in electrical appliances, contacts in sockets, headphones, repairing circuit boards are frequent phenomena, when faced with which a person wants to learn how to learn to solder.

What is a soldering iron?

This is a special heat-emitting device with a power of 15 to 40 W, sufficient for soldering wires, circuit boards and microcircuits. There are soldering irons with higher power.

They are intended for small soldering - for resoldering poorly connected thick-diameter wires or for unsoldering XLR connectors.

The function of the heating element in soldering irons is performed by a nichrome wire, which is wound around a tube containing a “tip” - the working surface of the device. The tip is a copper rod that is heated by a nichrome wire.

The soldering iron uses copper because this metal has high thermal conductivity. Heat is supplied to the wire by electric current. The soldering iron device contains an insulator, which is mica. For safety reasons, it prevents the wires from contacting the metal tube and soldering iron casing.

Learning to solder correctly is easy, but only if you choose the right tool. Among the wide variety of these devices, an amateur craftsman who decides to start repairing office equipment should choose an acoustic soldering iron, which is small in size and has good performance. It has a low heat capacity, which is desirable for fine soldering work when assembling microcircuits.

It is better for a novice master to opt for a device whose power does not exceed 40 W. It is important that the soldering iron is also not weaker than 15 W, since the power in such a product will not be enough even to connect simple wires of office equipment. It is preferable to buy a tool with a three-way grounding plug.

Its presence will prevent possible voltage dissipation during the movement of electric current to the metal tube.

An industrial soldering iron is suitable for connecting calibration wires, chassis and stained glass work.

Which sting is better?

The working parts of soldering irons, depending on the size, are of two types:

• ordinary, the diameter of which is 0.5 cm;
• miniature with a diameter of 0.2 cm, used for soldering very thin wires and copper parts.

The working parts of soldering irons can have the shape of a needle, cone and blade. The last form is the most common, as it makes it possible to scoop out the required amount of solder. In addition, for ease of soldering, the tip can be straight or curved.

The soldering procedure involves joining two metal elements using a third one (solder). In this case, the melting temperature of the connected parts must be higher than that of the third element, which, in the molten state, penetrates into the spaces of the connected parts, as well as into their structure, providing a mechanical connection. At the same time, an electrical contact appears between the parts being connected.

What do you need for work?

The soldering procedure is not complicated. The question of how to learn to solder from scratch is easily resolved. To do this, just acquire the necessary material and, following the instructions, start training.

Where can I learn to solder?

You can train at home by soldering ordinary electrical wires. The main thing is to follow the safety instructions.

The work may require:

• soldering iron (according to professionals, to work with small wires in electronics and radio engineering, a tool with a power of 20-40 W will be sufficient);
• pliers;
• knife;
• scissors;
• set of files;
• sandpaper;
• insulating tape;
• rosin;
• solder.

The question “how to learn to solder” will be resolved after several training sessions. The beginner will gain confidence and experience. Step-by-step soldering instructions can help him with this.

Where to begin?

• Preparing the sting. To do this, using pliers and needle files, you need to clean the working part of the soldering iron. The tip should have an angle of 30-45 degrees. If the tip is damaged, it must be sharpened again to the required shape. After this, the tip is tinning - the heated soldering iron should be dipped first in rosin, and then in solder.
• For safety reasons, it is necessary to prepare a pad for the soldering iron. This is due to the fact that the device heats up to a temperature of more than 300 degrees and operates under high electrical voltage. It is important to optimize your workplace when using a soldering iron. It is advisable that a piece of textolite or plywood be used as a lining. Special trays for solder and rosin are also required.
• Cleaning the surfaces of metals to be joined under solder. To do this you will need sandpaper, solvent or soldering acid. It is important that there are no remaining oils, greases or other contaminants on the surfaces on which solder will be applied.

Sequence of work

How to learn to solder correctly will become clear if you follow the step-by-step instructions. Necessary:

• Place the soldering iron on the stand and plug it into the mains.
• Dip in rosin. This is done 5-7 minutes after connecting to the outlet. The purpose of this procedure is to check the heating temperature of the tip and get rid of scale. The soldering iron is considered ready for use if the rosin boils and melts. If it only softens, then the sting is not warmed up enough. When the soldering iron overheats, the rosin hisses and spatters. In this case, the device needs to cool down a little.
• Treat surfaces with tinning. The joints of metal products are covered with molten solder.
• Press the tinned surfaces together. Apply a new portion of solder in the places where they are combined with a soldering iron. The joined parts must be pressed until the solder cools and hardens.

Solder Use

Successful soldering is possible with skillful selection of the necessary solder - an alloy of tin and lead. The most common types of solder are POS-40 and POS-60. They are characterized by a low melting point (183 degrees) and are used in most soldering jobs to connect steel elements. This standard solder is in the form of a wire with a diameter of 2.5 mm, which is very convenient for working with microcircuits.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKZBAqnGoZ4

To solder aluminum parts, it is advisable to purchase special aluminum solder. During operation, it is important to remember that, when heated, tin-lead compounds emit gases that are very harmful to humans. Therefore, it is recommended to work with them in a well-ventilated area using special respirators, gloves and safety glasses.

How to learn to solder wires?

So how do you connect the wires? The operating sequence is standard for all types of soldering. The connected ends of the wires are tinned. But for reliable fastening, it is recommended to twist them tightly together. During the procedure, the soldering iron tip is directed to the joints with one hand, and solder wire is brought to this place with the other.

In some cases, twisting the wires is not possible. Then the ends of the wires to be connected must be laid parallel to each other and compressed with pliers. The work is performed with one hand, the second one directs the soldering iron tip with solder to the joint. Holding the ends of the wire should be done after removing the soldering iron tip from the soldering area.

Sometimes there is a need to connect the end of one wire to the middle of another. Twisting in this case is done by twisting the end of the wire around another to which it is attached.

It must be remembered that butt soldering of wires is not possible, since its reliability depends on the strength of the mechanical connection.

The question of how to learn to solder wires is one of the most pressing among Internet users. Having mastered the technique of splicing and soldering, craftsmen have the opportunity to independently, without the help of specialists, perform a number of the following tasks:

• seamless heating equipment;
• electric guitar cord extension;
• connecting a USB cable to an antenna, etc.

What is heat shrink?

When splicing wires, professionals recommend using special heat-shrinkable tubes. Their diameter must be twice that of the wire. The tube is placed on one end of the wire. After mechanically interlocking with another wire and soldering, the heat shrink is dragged to the place where they are connected.

It should be positioned so that 1 cm remains at each end of the seam. After this, soldering is performed again. The heat shrink should evenly cover and heat the wire connection.

As a result of exposure of the tube to high temperatures, it is sealed, providing reliable insulation in the connection area, as well as strong mechanical adhesion.

How to learn to solder boards?

Before starting complex soldering, for example, working with diode strips, experts recommend that novice craftsmen acquire inexpensive budget boards. After practicing on them and mastering standard soldering techniques, after some time the beginner will learn how to solder microcircuits.

This type of soldering consists of successive steps:

• Preparatory. Before starting work, you need to ensure a strong connection and reduce resistance. For this purpose, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned of grease and dust. For degreasing, you can use napkins and soap solution. Acetone is used when you need to clean the surface of a circuit to a shine. Methyl hydrate is recommended as a safer solvent. It is as effective as acetone, but has a less pungent odor.
• Placement of board parts to be soldered. Before you learn how to solder circuits, you need to know the locations of all its elements. Flat parts must be soldered first. These are a resistor and a varistor. Then they move on to the capacitor, transistor, transformer, microphone and potentiometer. This sequence guarantees the safety of temperature-sensitive board elements.
• Heating the joint to improve the thermal conductivity of the metal. The soldering iron tip must be pressed against the circuit components for a few seconds. It is important to prevent it from overheating. This will be indicated by bubbles appearing on the surface. In this case, the soldering iron must be removed from the soldering area.
• Solder application. This is carried out until a slight elevation appears on the diagram.
• Removal of surplus. Performed after the solder has hardened and cooled. It is recommended not to rush, but to give the circuit some time to cool down. This is important because the connections made may be damaged and the work will have to be done again.

Every man should learn how to solder circuits. This will make it possible to repair plugs, modems, etc. yourself.

Soldering as a process is not limited to working with copper wires and microcircuits. Having mastered the ability to use a soldering iron on wires, you can move on to subsequent, more complex operations using various solders and various metals.

Source: https://FB.ru/article/253821/kak-nauchitsya-payat-poshagovaya-instruktsiya-osobennosti-i-rekomendatsii-professionalov

What do you need to solder a wire?

In order to solder a wire to a wire, you need to purchase several tools and materials at once, such as:

1. Flux is a means for cleaning the surface of oxidized metal. There are:
2. acidic;
3. anti-corrosion;
4. acid-free;
5. activated;
6. Solder is an alloy of tin and lead.
7. Workplace (clean, spacious table, metal sheets or wooden boards can be used as a lining).
8. Soldering iron (the tip must be clean, without any residue of old rosin)
9. A rag or sponge to clean the tip.

When soldering wires, you should follow a number of rules that will help you solder wires correctly and quickly:

1. You need to work in a well-lit room with a desk lamp that runs from external power sources.
2. You should only work with voltage-free wires.
3. There are a number of connection types , each suitable for a different soldering category.
4. In addition, there are a number of metals that are not suitable for soldering. These include rusty metal (it does not connect well when soldered, and a wire with such a core has a high probability of burning), aluminum (after the process of stripping the wire is completed, there is a possibility of the formation of a so-called oxide film on it). This problem is typical for aluminum: when melting this metal, an oxide film is formed in 100% of cases. This film can be removed by chemical or mechanical means, which will be selected based on the soldering method. In order to avoid its formation, you need to use flux, which is designed for soldering the materials you need, chrome-plated parts, parts made under high pressure (do not melt or fuse with solder).
5. Metals that are suitable for soldering: tin, silver, copper, brass, zinc, nickel, iron, stainless steel.

If all the rules are followed and the tools are collected, then you can proceed to the preparation process:

1. Heating the soldering iron - the soldering iron must be heated to a temperature that will exceed the temperature of the solder.
2. Preparing the soldering iron - the soldering iron tip must be cleaned and then dipped in flux. Flux is rosin or other substance that helps clean metal. After that, you need to heat the solder and apply it to the tip.
3. Expose the wires. This procedure is quite simple to perform. There are 2 types of wires - single-core and stranded. In both cases, it is necessary to strip the wires of insulation, after which the wires need to be cleaned of various contaminants. If you need to clean wires that have limited access, you can use cotton swabs.

Step-by-step instructions for the soldering process

Let's look at the instructions for the soldering process using the example of fastening 2 copper wires.

If all preparation steps have been completed, then you can proceed directly to the soldering process:

1. The first thing to do is tin the wires. When tinning multi-core wires, you need to twist them first, then the process will happen much faster.
2. To tinning wires , you need to take a bare wire, put it on rosin or treat it with another flux, after which you need to carefully pour solder on top of it.
3. Fix the wires - sometimes special machines are used for this, sometimes home-made structures. If you incorrectly fixed the wires, the soldering process may not end well.
4. Connection – at this stage we connect 2 pre-treated wires and coat them with solder. In order to carry out this process, you need to melt a little solder with the heated part of the soldering tool, and then carefully apply it to the connection of the two wires.
5. Cleaning the connection - at the end of the soldering process, it is necessary to clean the junction of the wires; this can be done with sandpaper or a file. A very important process, since if there is oxidation at this location, the wires may burn.
6. Insulation winding - most often insulating tape is used for these purposes; it is the most versatile option. Its advantages are that it is easily accessible, can be purchased at any store, is easy to use, there is nothing difficult in wrapping the wire with electrical tape, it is durable, you can not change it for a long time.'

if the wire is clean and made of copper, then tinning will occur instantly

How to unsolder the wire?

Instructions:

1. First you need to prepare a soldering iron. It is necessary to warm up the tool, then treat it with flux, and then carefully melt a small amount of solder.
2. After this, strip the required part of the wire of insulation and clean it of mechanical contaminants.
3. Wire tinning – it is necessary to apply flux to the wire and remove all oxidation.
4. Secure the wire.
5. Mark the desoldering area - use a file to cut out a small strip along which the tip will move.
6. Carefully move the sting along the marked line several times until you achieve the result.
7. Wait until the wire cools to room temperature.
8. Apply insulation.

This process does not involve any difficulties, the only thing required is to follow the instructions, the desoldering process is not much different from the process of soldering two wires.

Soldering iron selection

So, let's start with the fact that the soldering iron is the most basic part of the soldering process. The speed and ease of doing the job depends on the correct choice of this tool.

Electric soldering irons are divided into 2 types:

1. Spiral. Spiral ones heat up slowly, but are more durable.
2. Ceramic. Ceramic ones, in turn, heat up quickly, but require careful use, as they are very susceptible to mechanical stress.

Also, the device is divided by power:

• 3-10 W, mainly used when desoldering microcircuits of very tiny sizes;
• 20-40 W, in demand among radio amateurs and at home;
• 60-100 W, with their help solder wires with a large cross-section;
• 100-250 W, for working with large-sized metal;

Mostly, experienced soldering stations use soldering stations as they are equipped with an adjustable heating range and are able to maintain a constant temperature. A soldering station in the hands of a master greatly speeds up and improves the work process, but a beginner, unfortunately, will not be able to feel the benefits.

There are a certain number of characteristics by which soldering irons differ:

1. Soldering iron supply voltage.
2. Shape of the sting.
3. Maximum tip temperature.

Purpose and classification of wires

A wire is an electrical product that consists of 2 or more metal wires covered with a winding of some non-metallic fabric. Serves to connect the current source with the consumer.

The wire consists of 2 parts. The first is the core - the part that conducts current. The second part is insulation, that is, what protects the core from external irritants. Copper and aluminum wire is usually used as a core; the insulation is made of paper, rubber, or varnish.

Source: https://vi-pole.ru/chto-nuzhno-chtoby-pripajat-provod.html

What you need for soldering

In articles for beginners, we already discussed how radio components are designated and how to determine the pins of microcircuits. But now let’s touch on the question of what is needed for soldering , since it is always relevant.

Soldering iron

   The first thing we need is, of course, a soldering iron. The best option for both price and power is a 60 W soldering iron.

Rosin

    Rosin, ideally - solder wire, which is a long, thin tin tube, similar to a wire, wound on a reel, in the cavity of which there is rosin.

   Those. when soldering, in this case, we do not need, as in the old fashioned way, to lower the tip of the soldering iron, now into the rosin, now into the solder, but all this happens simultaneously at one point. More on this below

   You can purchase all the necessary components at your nearest radio store.

   If you do not have a soldering station, which is initially ready for soldering immediately after switching on, but a regular soldering iron, then before work (especially if it is new) you need to prepare it in a special way - tin it, otherwise it will not solder. Now let’s look at what “tinning” means.

How to tin a soldering iron?

   Take a file and apply it flat to the cut of the soldering iron tip. Now we sharpen in the same plane, periodically looking at the tip, until it becomes flat, smooth and shiny.

   After this, we lower the heated tip into rosin and immediately into solder (into tin). There will be almost no solder sticking to the tip, so immediately after this procedure we apply the tip to a small board, preferably of natural origin (not chipboard), preferably spruce or cedar (resinous), but in principle, any will do, you’ll just have to mess around longer.

   So, we repeat this procedure (rosin → solder → board) until the cut of the tip, prepared in advance with a file, made of yellow-gray heated copper, becomes silvery and shiny from the solder evenly covering it. This is what is called “tinning”, in this case a soldering iron.

This is what a tinned soldering iron tip should look like.

   Now we will learn to solder wires (after tinning it) to a brass tin, also tinning it from the beginning.

   We dip the soldering iron tip into rosin , then into solder, and immediately, with the plane of the tip parallel to the plane, we bring it close to our brass test subject, without allowing the rosin to evaporate, we press it, then we rub it in, we grind, in general, we tin. If the rosin has evaporated or spread, we repeat the process, and gradually, gradually our tin is covered with high-quality solder adhering to it. If the material is clean or without strong oxides, then such tinning occurs quickly.

    If solder wire is used, then we lean the tip of the soldering iron against the tin, and bring the tip of the solder wire to the point of their contact, trying to touch more of the tinned part of the soldering iron, and rub it against this part so that the tin and rosin enrich the contact point.

How to tin a wire?

    Now let's tinker with the wiring. Carefully remove the insulation just enough so that we have enough space for soldering, and for the location of the heat-shrink tube (or other insulator) so that later there are no short circuits (short circuits)

    It is easier to tin the wire, because Usually, the metal under the insulation is clean, not oxidized. We dip it in rosin, placing the tip of a heated soldering iron on top of it and slowly pull the wire out from under the soldering iron after the rosin melts and starts smoking. This is done, as you probably understood, so that the molten rosin envelops the contact part of the wire. Now we enrich the soldering iron tip with solder, touching the tin, and bring the tip to the rosin adhering to the wiring.

If the wire is copper and clean, tinning will occur immediately.

    If not, you may have to repeat the operation or use solder paste instead of rosin - a special chemical (like soldering acid, if anyone is familiar) that allows you to tin, for example, even iron.

This is what solder paste looks like.

How to solder a wire?

   We have a tinned experimental brass tin and a tinned wire, which we now have to connect, seal with heated solder and then cool in order to forever maintain their electrical connection, which we do by bringing the tinned part of the wire to the tinned part of the tin.

   We bring the soldering iron tip enriched with solder to the place of their contact so that the solder covers the tinned parts of the soldered parts well. This will be facilitated by the rosin involved in the process. If something doesn’t go well, dip into it. Once the parts are in the molten solder, try not to move them anymore. You can lightly blow on the solder area until the shine of the solder darkens slightly, indicating that the solder has hardened.

   That's it, congratulations! You did it.

Tweezers

When soldering, do not forget that all elements are exposed to high temperatures.

To avoid burns and achieve maximum comfort, we use tweezers.

Source: https://radiostroi.ru/cxemkirazdel/2012-04-21-12-12-53/277-chto-nuzhno-dlya-payaniya.html

How to solder wires without a soldering iron?

Soldering is used to connect parts on a board - this is the most common way to connect two elements to each other. But sometimes it happens that you urgently need to connect wires, but there is no soldering iron at hand. What can be done in such a situation, especially if you need to attach a radio component to the board? It is this question that we will try to answer today. But before you start soldering, you need to prepare your tools and tinning.

What might you need for work?

To solder without using standard equipment, you will need the following items:

• tin solder;
• rosin;
• solder paste;
• a piece of fabric;
• fire source;
• knife;
• steel container;
• pliers.

Depending on which connection method without a soldering iron will be used, this equipment changes.

Tinning method

If you need to solder two parts and connect them together, you must first apply solder to their surface. This applies to both wires and radio components. Tinning is necessary in order to improve the contact properties of the surfaces of the elements being connected. To do this, you cannot do without a soldering iron, which melts the solder, especially if you need to fix the radio component on the board. But today we will tell you how to do without it.

To make tinning without a soldering iron, you will need a small metal vessel. This could be a jar lid or something similar. Solder is placed in it. No need to put large pieces. Pieces of rosin are also placed there. It is better to use solder from pure tin; POS60 is perfect. After this, the composition is heated on a gas or electric stove until completely melted, and it can be used for its intended purpose - it can be used for soldering.

This way you can quickly and easily tin the wires or contacts of the part before installing them on the board. To do this, just dip the contact in the resulting composition, then move the wire along a wooden block so that the solder spreads over its entire surface, or wipe off the excess with a rag. This is the easiest way to tinning without a soldering iron.

Foil as a soldering method

Connecting a pair of contacts without a soldering iron can be done using foil. This method applies especially well to wires. First, you need to remove the insulating layer from them - about 30 mm, no more. Then the same operation is carried out as described above, this is the easiest way to solder. But in this case, using heated solder, it is not tinning, but soldering. If there is no electric or gas stove nearby, you can use a fire, candle or other source of fire.

The wire, stripped of insulation, is placed in a vessel with molten solder so that the entire bare end is covered with it. After this, the wire is removed and the remaining solder is quickly wiped off with a thick cloth. The main thing is not to get burned.

Only a thin and even layer of tin remains on the surface. Then this procedure is done with the other wire, after which you can solder.

It is advisable to press them with something, for example, pliers, but not too much, just so that adhesion occurs.

If it is necessary to solder or tin any flat surface, then everything is done differently. Solder is poured onto it, previously planed with a knife as finely as possible, and a small piece of rosin is placed. The back side of the part is brought to the fire source. When the solder begins to melt, it must be rubbed with a metal object, knife or foil. Using a rag, remove all excess. And then we begin to solder, that is, everything is done in the same way as described above.

Soldering copper wires

To connect copper wires with a cross-section of no more than 0.75 mm without a soldering iron, you can go the other way. The ends of the wires are pre-tinned, after which they must be twisted together, they are wrapped in foil, which prevents overheating of the wire and damage to the insulating layer.

The area to be soldered is heated until the solder begins to melt. Heating in this case can be done using matches or a lighter. The solder that was used for tinning will melt and connect the 2 ends together.

When it cools, the connection will be strong, just like using a soldering iron.

Approximately the same thing is done when you need to solder one contact to the middle of the wire. In this case, the end is wound to the desired connection point, the second wire, to which the first is attached, is bent, and then everything is carried out according to the standard scheme.

Alternative soldering method using foil

There is another method for quickly soldering using foil. To do this, a narrow strip the size of the connection area is cut out of it. From this piece a trench is made into which the twisted ends of the wires are placed.

Tinning in this case is not necessary. Crushed solder and rosin are poured into this chute along the entire length of the connection.

Then the foil is wrapped (and quite tightly) around the contacts so that nothing spills out of it, and heated to the melting temperature of tin.

You can use pliers to secure the foil firmly. When the solder starts to melt, heating stops. After the connection has cooled, the foil is removed. Subsequently, excess solder is removed with a file or sandpaper, and a neat and strong connection is obtained.

Soldering parts to boards

This process is more complex and serious than the methods described above, and it is not so easy to do it without a soldering iron, but it is quite possible. In this case, to solder, you will need the following tools:

• autogenous lighter;
• pliers;
• clip;
• brush;
• flat screwdriver.

This will be quite enough. But the most important item, without which such soldering will be impossible, is solder paste. Using this method, you can solder not only a wire, but even a radio component to the board.

First, you need to clean the area on the board where the connection will be made, and remove the insulation from the wire contact. Then the paste is applied to the board: a brush is used for this. The soldering area is heated by fire sources. In this way, a connection occurs, and as a result, it is possible to solder the contacts.

There seems to be nothing complicated in this process, but heating should be done carefully, and it is desirable that the flame be directed, so it is recommended to use an autogenous lighter. Do not hold the wire or part with your hands; pliers or pliers are suitable for this.

A screwdriver or paperclip is used to connect the wires on the board and hold them until the final connection is made.

How to make a homemade soldering device?

Another way out of the situation when you need to solder elements, but there is no soldering iron at hand is to make a homemade device. All you need for this is a copper cable, no longer than 10 cm and with a diameter of at least 4 mm. One end of it is ground down at the corners so that the shape of a screwdriver tip is obtained. A handle is made at the other end - it can be made from any piece of wood. To work with such a device, it must be heated over a fire.

You can also build a convenient stand for it. You will need a flat metal container for solder and rosin. Now you can solder almost anything. Soldering should be done near a fire source - it could even be a street fire. The main thing when working with such a device is maximum caution and accuracy.

Source: https://voltland.ru/instrument/kak-pripayat-provoda-bez-payalnika.html

How to solder a wire without a soldering iron

> Electrician's tips > How to solder a wire without a soldering iron

Sometimes the question may arise as to how you can solder a wire without using a soldering iron, because soldering is the most common way to connect small parts at home.

There are situations when an urgent wire connection is required, but the soldering iron, used as a simple and convenient tool, is in a broken state. Almost everyone knows how to combine metals armed with it.

But how soldering is carried out if there is no electricity at home is another question that we will consider below.

Using a homemade sting

Not everyone at home has such an ordinary tool as a soldering iron, but there are plenty of different breakable devices. Most often these are phone chargers or headphones from which the plug has broken off. Of course, if necessary and possible, you can buy new accessories, or you can breathe new life into old ones. You can replace the soldering iron using ordinary available materials. In a word, a simple soldering iron tip is made, for heating which any fire source is suitable.

Homemade soldering tip

The available materials are as follows: a single-core piece of copper wire (diameter - 0.5 cm), as well as a small piece of fabric resistant to high temperatures. You can use the wire as a tip; one side of it needs to be carefully sharpened at an angle of about 45 degrees. This will serve as a soldering tool in the future.

As for the other end of the cable used, it is reliably thermally insulated so that it can be safely held. Fiberglass or, at worst, ordinary jeans will be suitable as an insulator. Simply cut a long piece of fabric and wrap it around the wire. To fix the fabric, use thread or glue.

Now let's move on to the most important thing: how to carry out soldering with such a homemade tip. First of all, you will need a source of fire. For example, a gas stove will serve them. You should take the sting and heat it thoroughly. Next, when it heats up, it touches rosin and solder, as a result of which the end of the tip becomes tinned. A tool, even a handy one, in this condition, is suitable for soldering.

For example, what to do if your phone charger is broken. First of all, you need to carefully strip the ends of the wire using a knife. Next, a heated tip is used, with which the ends of the copper wire are tinned. Soldering is used to connect the break point.

Important! When soldering, make sure that the wire being processed is thoroughly stripped. To remove oxides from the surface, a regular knife is most often used, resulting in high-quality tinning.

When using a homemade tip that replaces a soldering iron, you just need to lightly touch the damaged wire, as a result of which it will tin normally and quickly.

Soldering with foil

Principle of operation, main malfunctions and methods of repairing a soldering iron

Using this method, soldering is completed in 5 minutes. In this case, foil is used as solder, which is rolled into a thin strip. This form is considered very convenient, since it will not spread over the area and leak with a larger dosage, which is physically impossible.

The type, location and size of the contacts can be any; with this method there are no specific restrictions. Foil soldering is useful in a variety of situations, from soldering a wire to a board to connecting the contacts of two twisted wires.

In order to prepare the contacts, you will need to remove the insulation from them and clean them of any residue. Next, the ends of the wires are connected by twisting, the required amount of foil is cut off, the adhesive tape is removed, and the wire is wrapped. Next, uniform heating is carried out, for which a candle or a regular lighter is suitable.

How to solder a garland using improvised means

In the case of a garland, first of all, you will need to find the place where the wire was disconnected. The reason for this may be:

• Often the contacts break in the control unit, where thin wiring does not provide sufficient adhesion area;
• Also, the gust can be along the entire length of the garland;
• If the lamps are connected in parallel, then if one burns out, the entire circuit will open.

Note! Before starting work, you must disconnect the garland from the network.

As a rule, contacts that have moved away can be easily found with the naked eye. In other cases, a special tester may be needed: each half is measured, after which the search range is gradually narrowed until a non-working element is found.

Having found the location of the rupture, you can begin the soldering procedure. It should be noted that in this situation the solderless method is most relevant, which is explained by the small diameter of the wire. Paste and heat shrink tubing will be effective here. The diagram looks like this:

• The wire is cut at the break point;
• It is being cleaned;
• The tube is put on in advance and moved to the side (until soldering is completed);
• The twist is done and the paste is applied (there is no need to touch the edges of the insulation);
• The solder is thoroughly heated using a candle or lighter;
• The cooled area is covered with an insulating tube, which must also be heated.

You can solder broken headphones using the same method.

The soldering iron is known as a convenient and simple tool, but there are situations when it fails. There is no need to worry, since soldering can be done using improvised means. It is enough just to know some nuances.

How to install a wire for an electric stove

Source: https://jelectro.ru/sovety/kak-pripayat-provod-bez-payalnika.html