What determines the weight of a steel sheet and how to determine it
Nowadays, steel is in special demand as a durable and reliable building material. It is used in the form of blanks for mechanical engineering, construction work and other industries. The use of steel sheets is also popular. The latter differ in area, thickness, rolling strength, rolling method, edge character and flatness. The scope of application of the material and its mass, and, accordingly, the price, depend on these parameters.
Characteristics of steel
To determine the mass of a steel sheet, you can use special online calculators, which are presented on many websites. If you don’t have them at hand, a table will come to the rescue.
The thickness of the steel can be:
- Thin - thickness does not exceed 3.99 mm. This is usually a cold-rolled metal.
- Thick - thickness reaches 160 mm. These most often include hot-rolled steel.
By the nature of the edge:
- With cut edge;
- With uncut edge.
By flatness:
- Particularly high flatness or PO;
- High flatness or PV;
- Improved flatness or PU;
- Normal flatness or PN.
By rolling strength:
- A - increased accuracy;
- B - normal accuracy.
By production method:
- Cold rolled;
- Hot rolled - hot metal is rolled out using a special press to the desired thickness.
Additionally, galvanized and corrugated (rhombic and lentil) options are available. Depending on the selected parameters, the weight of the steel will also fluctuate.
General formula
To find the mass, the general formula is usually used:
Weight = surface area (length x width) x weight per kilogram per 1 square meter. meter,
where the weight is determined from the table, based on the thickness and rolling method. The length and width should be converted to meters.
If you don’t have a table at hand, you can use the following formula. It is suitable for determining the weight of sheets obtained by hot-rolled and cold-rolled methods.
Weight = length x width x thickness x 7.85,
where 7.85 kg/dm3 is the density of steel 1 mm thick. Length and width should be in meters, thickness - in millimeters.
Cold rolled steel
Depending on the parameters, the weight of the steel sheet can vary from 5.5 kg to 47 kg, with the weight of steel per square meter from 2.75 kg to 23.5 kg. The table below will indicate the weight for a steel sheet 1 meter wide and 2 meters long.
Material parameters range from 0.35 mm to 1 mm, pitch - 0.05 mm
Material parameters range from 1.2 mm to 2 mm, pitch - 0.1 mm
Material parameters range from 2.2 mm to 3.5 mm
Hot rolled steel
When hot rolled, the thickness of the steel sheet ranges from 1.5 mm to 160 mm. The weight ranges from 12 kg to 1256 kg.
Material parameters range from 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm, pitch - 0.5 mm
Material parameters range from 4 mm to 10 mm, pitch - 1 mm
Material parameters range from 10 mm to 40 mm
Material parameters range from 45 mm to 160 mm
Other classes of steel sheets
When calculating the weight of steel, it is important to consider the differences between hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel, zinc-coated sheets and corrugated versions. Due to the peculiarities of their creation, their weight and parameters differ significantly. For example, the thickness of galvanized metal consists of the metal itself and the coating on top and bottom. In the table they are already included in the specified parameters.
The parameters of galvanized material range from 0.35 mm to 1 mm
Galvanized material
Material with diamond and lentil corrugation size 1.25*2.5 m
Material with diamond and lentil corrugation size 1.5*6 m
Source: https://stanok.guru/stal/kak-opredelit-ves-stalnogo-lista.html
Calculation of sheet steel weight
All rolled products, depending on their shape, can be divided into four main groups:
a) grade steel;
b) sheet steel;
c) pipes;
d) special types of rental.
Rolled sheets of steel and non-ferrous metals are used in various industries and construction. In this regard, sheet steel, for example, is divided into automotive, transformer, roofing sheet, etc.
The production of sheet steel with tin, zinc, aluminum and plastic coatings, polymer coating, as well as flat, smooth and profiled: corrugated sheets, expanded metal, perforated, is expanding.
Sheet steel is divided into groups depending on the thickness of the section. Sheets more than 4 mm are classified as thick sheet steel, and sheets less than 4 mm are classified as thin sheet metal. In this case, there are the following types of sheet steel: shipbuilding, boiler, electrical, tin, acid- and heat-resistant, armor, etc.
The qualitative characteristics of flat products are determined by mechanical properties, chemical composition, molecular structure, use for further processing and, finally, smelting method. When producing rolled sheets, the thickness may have plus or minus tolerances, which entails changes in the actual weight of a square meter of sheet.
The larger the dimensional tolerance for a given flat product (the difference between the maximum and minimum dimensions of the flat product), the greater will be the difference between the theoretical weight of the sheet steel and the actual weight.
Hot rolled sheet of ordinary quality is made from thin sheet steel (thickness 0.5 mm - 3.9 mm) GOST 16523-89 and thick sheet steel (thickness 4 mm - 160 mm) GOST 14637-89. Flat sheet metal is widely used by the company "Skhid-budkonstruktsiya" in the production of steel containers.
The assortment of steel sheet corresponds to GOST 19903-74, the chemical composition of steel corresponds to GOST 380-88. The assortment for cold-rolled sheet steel provides for the supply of sheets with a width of 600–1400 mm and a thickness of 0.2–3.9 mm. Sheet length 1200-3500 mm. Assortment standards for cold-rolled steel coils provide for the supply of strips with a width of 200-2300 mm and a thickness of 0.2-4 mm.
The current standards stipulate specific gravity, tolerances for sheet thickness and thickness variations, depending on the dimensions of the sheet or tape and delivery conditions. The standard includes standards for tensile strength and elongation. The permissible warpage per 1 linear line is also specified. m along the length and width of the sheet and control for decarbonization.
In some cases, the technical conditions stipulate tighter tolerances than in the standards.
Rolled sheets are divided into cold-rolled and hot-rolled
Cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, available from steel grades 08KP, 3SP/PS.
Hot rolled sheet thickness 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, sheet 4, 5, 6mm, 8-10mm, 12mm, 14-16mm, 18mm, 20-32mm, 35mm, 36mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 103 mm, available in grade st 3SP/PS, steel 09G2S-12; thickness from 4 mm to 50 mm steel grade 45.
Galvanized sheet thickness 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm - galvanized iron + polymer coating.
Cold rolling has two great advantages over hot rolling: firstly, it allows the production of sheets and strips with a thickness of less than 0.8-1 mm, down to several microns, which is unattainable by hot rolling; secondly, it ensures products of higher quality in all respects - dimensional accuracy, surface finish, physical and mechanical properties. These advantages of cold rolling have led to its widespread use in both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
In the production of hot-rolled steel sheet, the metal is first heated and then deformed using special rolling mills by rolling. Cold rolling ensures uniform sheet thickness and also improves its properties by hardening the surface.
Hardening is formed as a result of changes in the structure of the steel sheet . sheet, metal grains are stretched and oriented along the direction of plastic flow of the metal with axes of greatest strength. A metal sheet acquires different properties along and across, i.e.
along the length and width of the steel strip . At large degrees of plastic deformation, all metal grains are almost identically oriented in the structure of rolled steel sheets . Plastic deformation during rolling of a steel sheet causes hardening of the metal - cold hardening or cold hardening.
In this regard, to restore plastic properties it is necessary to carry out annealing.
Hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheets are used in mechanical engineering, metal structures, construction, mining and other industries. The actual scope of application determines the requirements for sheet metal. For the manufacture of products by stamping, sheet metal is used: cold-rolled, hot-rolled, cold-rolled coil, galvanized steel in coils, strip metal.
This table is used when calculating the mass of rolled sheets based on the specific gravity of a square meter of sheet metal.
Sheet Metal Weight Table
Rolled sheet metal according to GOSTthickness, mm | weight, kg/m2 | thickness, mm | weight, kg/m2 | thickness, mm | weight, kg/m2 | thickness, mm | weight, kg/m2 |
0,5 | 3,925 | 1,4 | 10,99 | 6 | 47,1 | 18 | 141,3 |
0,55 | 4,32 | 1,5 | 11,77 | 7 | 54,95 | 20 | 157 |
0,6 | 4,71 | 1,8 | 14,13 | 8 | 62,8 | 22 | 172,7 |
0,7 | 5,5 | 2 | 15,7 | 9 | 70,65 | 25 | 196,25 |
0,8 | 6,28 | 2,5 | 19,62 | 10 | 78,5 | 30 | 235,5 |
0,9 | 7,06 | 3 | 23,55 | 12 | 94,2 | 40 | 314 |
1 | 7,85 | 4 | 31,4 | 14 | 109,9 | 50 | 392,5 |
1,2 | 9,42 | 5 | 39,25 | 16 | 125,6 | 60 | 471 |
Calculation of how much 1m2 of steel sheet weighs using the formula
How to calculate the weight of sheet metal by area?
Using a simple calculator you can easily calculate the weight of a steel sheet without having a table of thickness and weight of 1m2.
The weight of a sheet of metal is calculated using a regular calculator using the formula:
P = H*B*L* 7.85
where
P- theoretical weight, kg
L is the length of the metal sheet in linear meters, m;
H—sheet thickness, mm;
B—width of rolled sheets, m;
7.85 kg/dm3 - density of black steel, specific gravity - corresponds to the weight of a square meter of steel 1 mm thick.
The weight of sheet metal is calculated in kilograms (kg), if the dimensions of the sheet thickness are substituted into the formula for calculating the weight of a sheet of metal in millimeters (mm), and the length and width of the sheet in meters (m). Knowing the weight of a steel sheet, you can easily calculate how many sheets are in a ton or pack of a certain mass.
To quickly calculate the weight of rolled sheets, use the “Metal Calculator” in the “Metal Assortment” section of the website.
The sheet weight calculator calculates the weight for different grades of steel, which is important if you need to calculate the weight of a stainless steel sheet or made of non-ferrous metal.
The sheet metal calculator calculates the weight based on the dimensions of the workpiece and thickness in mm, and the dimensions of the steel sheet (based on the total weight of the package and the thickness of the rolled sheet).
The assortment of sheet steel is needed primarily by suppliers for metal purchases to calculate the weight of rolled metal. If in the process of work the question often arises about how to find out the weight of sheet metal, but there is no assortment of rolled metal at hand, the best way to solve this problem is to calculate the weight of the sheet using the above formula on a calculator.
Source: https://varimtutru.com/raschet-vesa-listovoy-stali/
Weight of sheets, rolled steel sheets GOST 16523-89, GOST 14637-89
All rolled products, depending on their shape, can be divided into four main groups:
a) grade steel;
b) sheet steel;
c) pipes;
d) special types of rental.
Rolled sheets of steel and non-ferrous metals are used in various industries and construction. In this regard, sheet steel, for example, is divided into automotive, transformer, roofing tin, etc. The production of sheet steel with tin, zinc, aluminum and plastic coatings, polymer coating, as well as flat, smooth and profiled: corrugated sheets, expanded metal, perforated.
Sheet steel is divided into groups depending on the thickness of the section. Sheets more than 4 mm are classified as thick sheet steel, and sheets less than 4 mm are classified as thin sheet metal. In this case, there are the following types of sheet steel: shipbuilding, boiler, electrical, tin, acid- and heat-resistant, armor, etc.
The qualitative characteristics of flat products are determined by mechanical properties, chemical composition, molecular structure, use for further processing and, finally, smelting method. When producing rolled sheets, the thickness may have plus or minus tolerances, which entails changes in the actual weight of a square meter of sheet.
The larger the dimensional tolerance for a given flat product (the difference between the maximum and minimum dimensions of the flat product), the greater will be the difference between the theoretical weight of the sheet steel and the actual weight.
Hot rolled sheet of ordinary quality is made from thin sheet steel (thickness 0.5 mm - 3.9 mm) GOST 16523-89 and thick sheet steel (thickness 4 mm - 160 mm) GOST 14637-89. Flat sheet metal is widely used by the company "Skhid-budkonstruktsiya" in the production of steel containers.
The assortment of steel sheet corresponds to GOST 19903-74, the chemical composition of steel corresponds to GOST 380-88. The assortment for cold-rolled sheet steel provides for the supply of sheets with a width of 600–1400 mm and a thickness of 0.2–3.9 mm. Sheet length 1200-3500 mm. Assortment standards for cold-rolled steel coils provide for the supply of strips with a width of 200-2300 mm and a thickness of 0.2-4 mm.
The current standards stipulate specific gravity, tolerances for sheet thickness and thickness variations, depending on the dimensions of the sheet or tape and delivery conditions. The standard includes standards for tensile strength and elongation. The permissible warpage per 1 linear line is also specified. m along the length and width of the sheet and control for decarbonization.
In some cases, the technical conditions stipulate tighter tolerances than in the standards.
Cold-rolled and hot-rolled sheets
Cold-rolled sheet with a thickness of 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, available from steel grades 08KP, 3SP/PS.
Hot rolled sheet thickness 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, sheet 4, 5, 6mm, 8-10mm, 12mm, 14-16mm, 18mm, 20-32mm, 35mm, 36mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, 103 mm, available in grade st 3SP/PS, steel 09G2S-12; thickness from 4 mm to 50 mm steel grade 45.
Galvanized sheet thickness 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm - galvanized iron + polymer coating.
Cold rolling has two great advantages over hot rolling: firstly, it allows the production of sheets and strips with a thickness of less than 0.8-1 mm, down to several microns, which is unattainable by hot rolling; secondly, it ensures products of higher quality in all respects - dimensional accuracy, surface finish, physical and mechanical properties. These advantages of cold rolling have led to its widespread use in both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy.
In the production of hot-rolled steel sheet, the metal is first heated and then deformed using special rolling mills by rolling. Cold rolling ensures uniform sheet thickness and also improves its properties by hardening the surface.
Hardening is formed as a result of changes in the structure of the steel sheet . sheet, metal grains are stretched and oriented along the direction of plastic flow of the metal with axes of greatest strength. A metal sheet acquires different properties along and across, i.e.
along the length and width of the steel strip . At large degrees of plastic deformation, all metal grains are almost identically oriented in the structure of rolled steel sheets . Plastic deformation during rolling of a steel sheet causes hardening of the metal - cold hardening or cold hardening.
In this regard, to restore plastic properties it is necessary to carry out annealing.
Hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheets are used in mechanical engineering, metal structures, construction, mining and other industries. The actual scope of application determines the requirements for sheet metal. For the manufacture of products by stamping, sheet metal is used: cold-rolled, hot-rolled, cold-rolled coil, galvanized steel in coils, strip metal.
This table is used when calculating the mass of rolled sheets based on the specific gravity of a square meter of sheet metal.
Brawl Stars update - new fighter Mr. P. + skins and much more
There has been a long silence on the site and we are finally breaking it, as a large series of updates is coming to Brawl Stars. There will be a new fighter and a new arcade gaming environment, we are already looking forward to it.
Did you manage to collect more trophies during the New Year holidays? Personally, I played very often and managed to unlock almost all the fighters. Only inactive Sandy remains, but this matter can be fixed, in any case, I will open it, only a little later.
She is no longer as interesting to me as the new fighter that will be available in the next update. Traditionally, after the World New Year, the Chinese New Year begins. Because of this, many gaming companies are starting to update their content in honor of him.
Asian countries get a festive atmosphere and we can enjoy multiple auction packs.
Just yesterday Brawl Talk was released, where at first we saw an interesting splash screen, where it was written that a new game mode would be added and most likely a new fighter would appear. As a result, the developers told us all the details and showed us all the innovations. There will be a new game environment, a new fighter, skins and much more!
New environment
The new gaming environment is an arcade, roughly speaking, the world of slot machines. I managed to make a practically complete view of the field that we will get in the future.
The developers mentioned that when creating a new environment, they were inspired by Japan, Korea and China. Also a new type of field, the sound is home to some fighters.
New fighter - Mr. P.
One of the most important innovations is a new fighter - Mr. P. We can say that we are already accustomed to receiving new fighters with each update. And this time is no exception; a rather interesting character will appear. His main attack is a single projectile shot, a projectile in the shape of his suitcase. When Mr. P hits a target, his projectile will bounce back and deal area damage.
Mr. P's super ability will be very interesting and extremely annoying, since it will be a new type of turret that will spawn small penguin drones. Penguin drones will attack from a long distance and cause significant damage.
The super animation has not been shown at this time, but some data has been found in the source files.
The building will have a small amount of health and if not destroyed it will spawn penguins that will deal approximately 300 damage.
Also, we were not told about all the statistics, we do not even know what rarity Mr. P will be. Many would think, from the screenshot above, that this will be an epic fighter, because of the background, but unfortunately this is only the design. My personal opinion is that this character should not be legendary or epic, nor can it be mythical. Therefore, there are two categories left, a reward to the path to glory or ultra-rare.
Skin for Mr. P - Agent P
The new fighter will be released immediately with a new skin, what you see above is exactly how they presented the additional appearance for Mr. P. It’s very strange, I got the impression that the developers were doing everything in a hurry and didn’t even bother to make high-quality screenshots, but provided caricatures .
Heroine Bibi
This is the first skin for Bibi and it almost radically transforms this fighter.
Street Ninja Tara
Previously, Tara had only one skin, although this fighter is an old man, so she deserved much more interesting looks.
Virus 8-bit
A new skin for 8-bit, which has an interesting history, as it was absorbed by an evil virus. He ended up becoming very, very evil and was called Viral 8-Bit.
New skin for Piper
A new skin for Piper has also been prepared in honor of Valentine's Day. This will be a special skin and unfortunately it was not shown, but fans have already made a possible option.
Fan art for the future Piper skin highlighted the new shooting method. But they didn’t dare to redraw the external appearance. Notice the shot, which is accompanied by a pinkish aura with hearts. We also drew the projectiles that Piper leaves behind during a super attack.
Koala Nita
One of the most useful skins that can affect the lives of animals. The developers were inspired by one community that was organizing a fundraiser to help prevent fires in Australia. Therefore, now you can also take part in the charity event. To do this, you will need to purchase this skin and all the proceeds will be sent to help those affected by the fires.
The skin itself is made in the guise of a Koala, where Nita takes on the appearance of a small Kaola and at the same time summons a large Koala.
The path to glory will be renewed
Many criticized the path to glory and for good reason, all because it is already outdated and with so many fighters, the path is very short. Therefore, in the next update, the path of glory will change and become a little better. If you, like me, have already reached the end of the not-so-long path to glory, then after the update the Mega Box will be available to you.
New game mode: Hot Zone
The meaning of the new game mode can only be guessed at, since the developers haven’t said anything about it. But in the gif above you can see that there are certain zones, in one there are variations of the ode, in the other there are two of them. Perhaps here you will need to hold on as long as possible with your team, a kind of king of the hill.
Removing game modes
Brawl Talk also reported that some game modes will be removed. A very strange decision, since they could have left them or made more variations. But instead, they will simply be closed for us and it is unknown whether they will appear in the game yet or not. But fortunately, these game modes will also be available on private servers, such as Null's Brawl.
The decision has been made to remove Intercept and Lone Star for now, along with the solo mode.
Championship Challenge
Out of a million players, 21,126 people received 15 wins and qualified for the qualifying round. There will also be improvements to Championship Challenges in Brawl Stars next month.
The short video turned into a large text in which I tried to tell all the nuances of the update. What kind of game mode do you think there will be? Will you buy skins? And most importantly, how do you like the new fighter, will he be available on the path to glory? ( 11 4.64 out of 5)
Source: http://goldclan.ru/obnovlenie-brawl-stars-novyj-boets-mister-p-skiny-i-mnogoe-drugoe/
Weight of galvanized steel sheet 0.5, 0.7 and 1 mm 1m2 - table and how to calculate
According to technical literature, the service life of galvanized sheets ranges from 15 to 20 years. But does all galvanized steel meet this requirement? You have probably already witnessed how not even a year has passed, and rust is already visible on the surface of a sheet. This happens due to the thickness of the protective coating being too thin. So how to recognize such an unscrupulous manufacturer? The weight of the galvanized sheet will help us answer this question.
Galvanizing
To better understand the situation, let’s first look at what the galvanizing process is. Galvanizing is the application of a galvanic coating to the surface of a metal, the main element of which is zinc. The thickness of zinc depends on the coating class:
- 1st class - 38 microns;
- 2nd class – 22 microns.
The main task of galvanizing is to guarantee protection against corrosion to steel sheets.
It is known that most metals tend to oxidize under normal atmospheric conditions. The oxidation process is destructive for them and leads to a kind of surface abrasion (corrosion).
Some metals (zinc, copper, aluminum) prevent these reactions by forming a dense film of oxides that prevent further penetration of oxygen deeper. Others, which include iron, when interacting with oxygen, form a loose, fragile film, which contributes to the occurrence of oxidation processes. As a result, the sheets begin to become rusty. Applying zinc to the surface of such a metal solves this problem.
Why do you need to know the mass of a leaf?
The following points need to be highlighted here:
- To determine the dimensions of the profile of supports and floors. Based on the weight of the sheets, the load on the load-bearing elements of the metal structure is determined. Neglect of this point leads to premature destruction of the structure;
- The weight of the sheet steel gives an idea of the thickness of the galvanized surface. If the sheet weight exceeds its nominal value, while the total thickness corresponds to the declared value, this indicates that the sheet is galvanized of poor quality. The amount of zinc on the metal surface is underestimated, which will negatively affect its service life.
Methods for determining the weight of galvanization
There are 2 methods for determining the mass of galvanized sheet steel:
- Calculation from tabular data;
- Calculation using formulas.
The tables are more or less clear. They give a reference value for the mass of 1 sq.m. galvanized steel depending on its thickness. You can find them in technical literature.
As an example, let’s calculate the weight of galvanized sheeting of 0.5 mm with an area of 2 square meters. meters.
According to the Aviation Scales Handbook:
- Galvanized sheet 0.5 mm - 4.13 kg/m2
- Galvanized sheet 0.7 mm - 5.70 kg/m2
- Galvanized sheet 1.0 mm - 8.05 kg/m2
Multiplying the value we need by the size of our area, we find that the sheets weigh 8.26 kg.
Table
Sheet, mm | Weight 1 m2, kg |
0,40 | 3,34 |
0,45 | 3,73 |
0,50 | 4,13 |
0,55 | 4,52 |
0,60 | 4,91 |
0,65 | 5,31 |
0,70 | 5,70 |
0,75 | 6,09 |
0,80 | 6,48 |
0,90 | 7,27 |
1,00 | 8,05 |
1,10 | 8,83 |
1,20 | 9,62 |
1,50 | 11,97 |
2,00 | 15,90 |
2,50 | 19,82 |
The second method is somewhat more complicated. The basic formula for calculating the weight of galvanizing looks like this:
Total sheet weight=steel weight + galvanized part weight
The weight of steel is found from the following ratio:
steel weight=sheet length*sheet width*steel thickness*steel density
Density for steel alloys is a reference value and is 7850 kg/m3.
As for the thickness of the steel, it depends on the class by which the sheet is galvanized (the value of the thickness of zinc is indicated above):
Steel thickness = total sheet thickness – zinc thickness
The weight of the galvanized layer is determined in a similar way. When calculating, it is necessary to pay attention to compliance with the dimensions of the quantities.
Source: https://prompriem.ru/stati/ves-ocinkovannogo-lista.html
Wave slate sheet sizes
Slate is the most common roofing material, a leader in its field of application for several decades.
The name “slate” is not entirely correct; real slate is a natural layered mineral.
The exact designation of the roofing material sounds like asbestos-cement sheet, but the name “slate” has stuck for a long time and there is no point in changing it.
There are two main types of material available : flat and wave. Flat is used for facing work or for the construction of partitions for auxiliary and utility rooms.
Only wave roofing is used as a roof covering ; it is stronger and stronger than flat roofing due to the stiffening ribs created by the waves.
The long-term widespread use of slate is a consequence of high reliability, durability and ease of installation. The relatively recent appearance on the market of many alternative roofing coverings made of synthetic materials, metal or bitumen, has not been able to radically change the situation, since the traditional, time-tested approach to materials prevails among builders.
Technical characteristics of wave slate
Wave slate is a roofing material in the form of wavy sheets of rectangular shape. To produce slate, a plastic molding composition is used, the components of which are:
- Portland cement. The grades used are M300-500, the percentage of material present is 80-90%.
- Chrysotile asbestos. (10-20%).
- Water.
Traditionally, the material is produced in a light gray natural color , but recently coating samples made with additives of dyes to give a certain color have appeared on the market, which has significantly improved the aesthetic perception of the material.
Installation is carried out by attaching overlapping sheets using slate nails to the rafter system. Ridges and connecting elements that make up the roof covering are also produced by industry, but often builders do not know about this and use metal elements, which worsens the appearance of the roof.
Wave slate sheet sizes (7 and 8 waves)
According to GOST, there are only two standard sizes:
- 40/150 — wave height 40 mm, wave length — 150 mm.
- 54/200 — wave height 54 mm, wave length — 200 mm.
The dimensions of 8-wave slate also vary depending on the type. By profile type, sheets are divided:
Unified
Marked with the abbreviation UV.
Slate 8 wave sheet size:
- Sheet width - 1130 mm;
- Length - 1750 mm;
- Sheet thickness is 5.8 mm for profile 40/150 and 6-7.5 mm for profile 54/200.
Slate size 7 wave:
- Sheet width - 980 mm;
- Length - 1750 mm;
- Sheet thickness is 5.8 mm for profile 40/150 and 6-7.5 mm for profile 54/200.
Slate size 6 wave:
- Sheet width - 1125 mm;
- Length - 1750 mm;
- Sheet thickness is 5.8 mm for profile 40/150 and 6-7.5 mm for profile 54/200.
Wave slate size
Ordinary
Denoted as VO.
- Sheets 680 mm wide;
- length - 1120 mm;
- sheet thickness 5.8 mm for profile 40/150 and 6-7.5 for profile 54/200.
The size of 8 wave slate can vary within small limits.
Reinforced
The profile marked VU is intended for industrial purposes, has an increased thickness - 8 mm , sheet width 1000 mm, length - up to 2800 mm.
The maximum permissible dimensional deviations are ±15 mm in length and +10 and -5 mm in width.
Number of waves
The number of waves is already determined by the name - 7-wave and 8-wave.
In individual construction, a 7-wave sheet is most often used, since it is lighter and easier to lift to the installation site manually.
At the same time, its useful area is smaller than that of an 8-wave one , since the amount of overlap for both brands is the same and the difference of one wave is not compensated for by anything.
However, a study of demand shows the predominant use of the 7-wave option.
How much does a slate roof weigh?
The weight of the sheet is an important indicator on which the load on the rafter system depends. So, let's find out how much a sheet of 8-wave and 7-wave slate weighs.
The weight of the 40/150 profile sheet is:
- 23.2 kg - weight of 7 wave slate;
- 26.1 kg - weight of 8 wave slate.
For profile 54/200, the weight is 26 and 35 kg, respectively.
The weight of 8 wave slate 1 m2 is approximately 10.41 kilograms.
It is noted that the weight of slate is greater than that of its competitors among roofing materials, which creates certain requirements for the design of the rafter system. Wind and snow loads should also be taken into account ; with a large roof area, the weight of water absorbed by the coating during rain can play a role.
Weight of corrugated slate
Effective area
The sheets are installed with an overlap, 1 or less often 2 waves are overlapped. In this case, the useful area of the sheet is reduced by the amount of overlap.
- For a 7-wave sheet, the usable area is 1.336 square meters. m .;
- wave slate is 1.57 sq.m.
The dimensions are indicated with an overlap of 1 wave, which is most often used in construction. Sometimes in some places it may be tempting to lay the sheet end-to-end to save material.
Saving one or two sheets will result in water entering the room.
Advantages and disadvantages of slate covering
Wave slate has a number of undeniable advantages:
- Long service life. On average, the coating retains its quality for about 40 years or more, depending on the conditions of use. It is noted that even under the most unfavorable factors, the coating lasts at least 10 years.
- Easy to install . The work does not require high qualifications; it is enough to have a general understanding of installation techniques.
- Allows partial repair or replacement of individual sheets that have become unusable.
- The strength of the material contributes to safety during installation - the slate covering can easily support the weight of a person and allows walking on the covering.
- Does not accumulate electric charge , absolutely safe in terms of fire.
- Much cheaper than other roofing materials.
- The relatively light weight of the coating allows you to do without construction lifting equipment during installation.
It is impossible not to mention the negative qualities of slate. These include:
- Fragility of the material . Slate is not plastic and does not allow any deformation.
- The ability to absorb moisture shortens the service life and causes the formation of fungus, mold, and over time moss appears, which must be cleaned off. This deficiency can be neutralized by coloring.
- asbestos as a component of the material is a significant health hazard.
This is the main reason for the displacement of slate from the market, although there are no definite medical statistics on this matter. There is data for enterprises showing the percentage of morbidity among workers, but there is no statistical information for residents of slate-covered houses.
Nevertheless, the danger exists and must be taken into account. Installation work should be carried out using personal respiratory protection.
Material deficiencies can be neutralized without any particular difficulties, you just need to be aware of them and take appropriate measures to prevent possible incidents. At the same time, the obvious advantages, tested and confirmed by many years of practice, convincingly speak in favor of slate as an advantageous and reliable roofing covering.
Source: https://iv-proect.ru/krysha/shifer-volnovoj-razmery-lista.html