How does a laser engraver work?

Rules for selecting and operating a metal laser engraver

Technologies for processing various materials are developing every day. Not so long ago, laser equipment appeared on the world market, which quickly gained high popularity among manufacturers. They have high accuracy, reliability, and speed of technological operations. Laser metal engravers are used for various types of processing.

Laser engraver for metal

Engraving technique

Laser engraving is a process in which a focused beam is applied to the working surface. The material begins to melt due to intense heating. If the metal sheet is of small thickness, the laser will quickly cut it into two parts.

There are two ways to apply a drawing:

• vector - images are made up of thin lines;
• raster - to obtain an image, a large number of dots are applied using equipment.

Laser machines are equipped with CNC systems. This allows you to create beautiful images without any effort on the part of the artist. It is enough to download the image to the computer, set the algorithm, set the workpiece, and start the unit. Thanks to this, most errors and inaccuracies during work are eliminated.

Design and principle of operation

To understand how equipment works, you need to know its design. Engravers can be industrial (large-sized designs) or desktop (small-sized models). Regardless of the size of the machine, the design has a number of key elements:

1. The base is a frame with legs to hold the equipment at the same level without vibration.
2. A structure with guides attached to it. Frame made of plastic or metal.
3. Desktop. The possible dimensions of the processed workpieces depend on its size.
4. The portal on which the working part of the unit is fixed.
5. Stepper motors that move the movable portal along guides.
6. Laser head. A working piece of equipment that consists of a drive and a lens system for focusing the beam.
7. Frame with protective inserts.
8. Control system. A set of wires, sensors, screen, fasteners.
9. Cooling system. Necessary for long-term active operation of the equipment. It can be air or water.

When choosing laser engravers, you need to consider various parameters. The operating principle of these units is that a focused beam burns out the material being processed. The small beam divergence angle allows you to make thin cuts, burning out a minimum of metal.

Types of machines

Before buying a laser engraving machine, you need to understand the possible types of this equipment. According to the processing method, the following types of machines are distinguished:

1. Solid - used for drawing pictures, making holes, cutting hard materials (plastic, metal).
2. Gas - installations with which you can work with any non-metallic surfaces.

Gas emitters are more popular due to their price. They are separated by the type of tube through which the focused beam exits. Cheap models have glass attachments. Expensive units are equipped with ceramic devices.

Equipment can be divided by power. There are three groups:

1. Low power - up to 60 W. They are used for processing workpieces made of wood, plastic, and plexiglass.
2. Average power - up to 100 W. Using such installations, metal workpieces are processed.
3. High power - up to 160 W. Industrial equipment designed for cutting metal.

If we talk about the purpose of laser units, they can be divided into models for working on wood, plastic, and metal.

Solid State Engraving Machine

What you should pay attention to when choosing equipment

When choosing a machine, you need to consider a number of factors:

1. Dimensions of the structure, desktop.
2. Engine power.
3. Model of laser equipment. Imported samples are more expensive.
4. Availability of software.
5. Machine performance. Its ability to be used for a long time without interruption.
6. Type of cooling system.
7. Quality of the focusing lens system.
8. Laser beam power.
9. Availability of additional functions. For example, a separate system that removes excess production from the work area.

It is important to understand that CNC machines require knowledge in programming, troubleshooting, and creating algorithms. Beginners are advised to buy Chinese models, which are cheap. It’s convenient to hone your skills on them; it’s not as bad to ruin them as professional models.

Creating a laser engraver

Making stamps with your own hands involves the use of power tools. These are powerful drills that operate at high spindle speeds. The best manufacturer regarding this area is Dremel. To create a high-quality print, you will need a brass sheet on which engraving will be made with a drill.

Before making a laser engraver, you need to prepare the necessary materials in advance:

• laser head from a DVD drive;
• cooling radiator;
• stepper motors for moving the working part (3 pieces);
• guides with a round cross-section;
• power unit;
• movable carriages;
• drivers for controlling stepper motors;
• switches, wires;
• metal sheet for making the base;
• corners for fastening parts of the frame;
• furniture hinges, screws;
• pressure rollers, bearings, rubber feet.

Laser engraver assembly steps:

1. Draw a drawing. Indicate on it the dimensions, key elements, and wire connections.
2. Assemble the base and attach the guides to it.
3. Make a movable portal on which the drive from the disk drive will be mounted.
4. Install the stepper motors, connect the elements together with wires.
5. Connect the control system.

To understand in more detail how to assemble the unit, you can watch the training video.

Features of equipment operation

When carrying out work on a laser engraver, you need to take into account the operating features:

1. Work while protecting your eyes with tinted glasses. The radiation produced by the machine can damage the retina.
2. Use protective gloves when touching parts. They will be hot after the laser.
3. Check for grounding before turning on the equipment.
4. Ensure good ventilation in the room.
5. Do not expose any part of your body to the beam generated by the device.
6. Keep children and pets away from the unit.
7. Check the integrity of the structure and the functionality of key elements in advance.

Laser metal engravers are used to apply images to the surface of workpieces, create holes, and cut metal sheets.
Compact models are suitable for working at home. Taking into account the operating features, you can use the equipment with maximum efficiency. POWERFUL LASER ENGRAVER 2500mW UNPACKING ASSEMBLY ENGRAVING!) Laser engraver

Rules for selecting and operating a metal laser engraver Link to main publication

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/gravirovka/lazernyj-graver-po-metallu

How does a metal laser engraver work?

Due to the progressive development of technology in the market for artistic and graphic metalworking services, laser engraving has gained wide popularity.

Its spread was facilitated by the fact that the device itself has a simple structure and is inexpensive, its operation is simple and working on it is profitable from an economic point of view.

Suppliers offer a large selection of laser engravers, but CO2 analogues are the most widely used.

Operating principle

Physically, the process is carried out as follows: carbon dioxide molecules are capable, under certain conditions, of emitting long-wave radiation in the infrared spectrum.

Its focusing at the desired point using special lenses and mirrors leads to concentration of the beam, and the released high power energy locally evaporates the metal to a programmable depth, engraving or cutting the material.

Most engravers are not able to work on pure metal and to process such surfaces it is necessary to use additional processing: enameling, anodizing, graphite spraying, etc.

Structure diagram

Technically, the engraver device is a complex of blocks that perform strictly individual functions:

1. The working part is a CO2 laser tube, a power supply system, a set of lenses and transmitting mirrors.
2. A control system consisting of a motherboard and a settings panel.
3. The mechanical component consists of guide drives, fasteners and a working bed.
4. Design of auxiliary parts: cooling, ventilation and compressor.

Preparing electronics for use

When preparing technical equipment, you must follow a strict sequence in the steps to set up the equipment. Particular attention should be paid to the electrical part of the laser engraver, when working with which it is recommended to follow the following steps:

• Before turning on, be sure to check the grounding of all electrical parts;
• keep the CO2 laser tube clean by wiping it with special wipes in advance;
• connect the wire terminals of a standard color to the contacts on the lamp: red to the left, and blue to the right terminal;
• all contacts must be carefully insulated with heat-resistant insulating tape;
• We insert the power cable into the connector on the rear panel, and pre-install the fuse there;
• connect the CPU elements into one system and connect to the computer via a USB cable.

Application

The most important quality of laser engraving is its versatility, which allows you to work not only with metal, but also with wood, plastic, cardboard, etc.

With the help of engraving equipment, you can work in various directions, from engraving portraits on coins to industrial marking of products.

Having mastered the basic skills of operating the machine, you can easily use it in various industries.

Source: http://euroelectrica.ru/kak-rabotaet-lazernyiy-graver-po-metallu/

10 best laser engravers from AliExpress

Place

Name

Characteristics in the rating

The best laser engravers for universal use

The best mini laser engravers

The best professional laser machines

Laser engraving is an exciting process. Some perceive it as an interesting hobby, others see it as an opportunity for self-realization, and for others it is a profitable niche for earning money. Drawings are applied to the surface contactlessly using a laser. Its beam easily handles hard surfaces. In this case, the image is resistant to erasure.

AliExpress has complex CNC engravers and mini versions of machines for home use. Inexpensive units are usually connected to a computer. They are not suitable for working with PVC and pure metals. But they do an excellent job with wood, glass and cardboard. For metal surfaces, you will need engravers with a solid-state laser. In the rating you will find all the listed options.

This category includes engravers that use laser diode technology. They are suitable for applying designs to the surface of wood, plastic, paper, cardboard, leather, glass, rubber and aluminum using chemical etching.

However, when choosing a laser engraver on AliExpress, you need to understand that the quality of its work will largely depend on the level of technical preparedness of the user. Machines may arrive disassembled.

And the software often has to be “cut” or completely replaced.

Conclusion: if you need a laser engraver that you can take out of the box and start burning right away, then Chinese equipment is not the best choice. But if you are ready to put some effort into fine-tuning a machine from the Middle Kingdom, and at the same time save a lot of money, welcome to AliExpress!  

4 MOSKI-MSQ Laser AS-5

An engraver with a laser powerful enough to work on wood, metal alloys, acrylic, cardboard and other materials. It has good speed and better build quality. The machine is easy to install. Even a beginner can cope with the task. The frame is durable, aluminum and metal parts are of high quality. Some plastic elements are 3D printed. The working area is 14x20 cm. The seller from AliExpress sends the software on a flash drive. There are no problems with him.

Among the disadvantages, reviews mention the lack of a mechanism for fixing the workpiece on the platform, but this drawback is easily eliminated. There are questions about the stability of the equipment. The issue is resolved by connecting the fan to an independent power source. In this case, the laser engraver begins to work at full power. Overall, the model is the best relatively inexpensive option for a laser engraver for universal use.

3 WO Mini 3000mW

This laser engraver creates the most detailed images. Moreover, he is good not only at contour drawings, but also at photographs with various tonal transitions. It is intended for woodworking. Handles soft and hard rocks easily.

For plywood you need to select settings. Metal is not suitable as a base for engraving. The working field is relatively large - 50x65 cm. This size is enough to implement most projects.

The model operates in two modes - as an engraver and as a CNC milling machine.

After assembling the machine, you need to install programs and drivers. Equipment control and all process settings are carried out only through software. The user can change the power and speed of the laser. The set is complete. The AliExpress seller even sends glasses to protect your eyes. Among the shortcomings mentioned in reviews, the most common complaints are about the cooling system - it is not thought out here. Additional installation of a fan solves this issue.

2 FEUNGSAKE 4050

PU device with an expandable working area. The maximum area increases to 100x100 cm. With AliExpress, the machine is supplied in several modifications. The most inexpensive models have a laser beam power of 500 mW; engraving machines with a power of 1,600–5,500 mW and 15 W will cost more. The seller sends the instructions and software by email or puts them in the parcel along with the machine, having previously recorded them on a flash drive.

Among the shortcomings, buyers note the insufficient rigidity of the frame ribs. The profile from which they are made looks flimsier in reality than in the photo. Otherwise, reviews about this lot are positive. Users note that they are satisfied with the purchase.

The miniature CNC-2418 CNC machine arrives from China, like most of its “brothers,” in disassembled form. The buyer receives a set of parts and detailed instructions for assembly - a kind of construction kit. Software and drivers are included, but they are on the disk. The seller from AliExpress did not think to write the software onto the flash drive. But the good news is that this laser engraver works great with standard NC codes. For beginners, this is a serious plus, because you can use templates from the ArtCam program.

Please note that this model is primarily used for wood engraving. Also suitable for working on acrylic, plastic, leather, linoleum. All types of metals are too tough for her. The working area is small - 24cmx30cm. The laser power can be selected from 3 options (500 mW, 2,500 mW, 5,500 mW). Considering the cost of the equipment, we can confidently say that this is one of the best laser engravers to start with.

inexpensive and compact “samples” of serious engraving machines are presented. For 50–100 dollars on AliExpress you can buy a mini-engraver with good functionality. These models use an inexpensive laser module that in most cases cannot operate more than a few hours a day. This option is not suitable for commercial use.  

These engravers do not have rotating mechanisms and do not have a vacuum table, so when working with uneven surfaces you have to fiddle with the clamps. The Chinese also save on the cooling system.

And this leads to premature failure of the mechanism. Electronics here are the cheapest, you can't expect much from them. Conclusion: inexpensive laser engravers should be used carefully and avoid overheating.

But they give room for thought to improve equipment.

3 KKMOON Engraving Machine

This laser engraver is not fast. It would be naive to believe that an inexpensive CNC machine will engrave like a meteor. Its advantages are affordable price and ease of management. There is no need for complex settings to adjust the laser power. Just select the type of material, and the program itself will determine which laser beam can handle it.

Before starting work, it is necessary to free the moving parts of the machine from foam and other transport fasteners. Then they check the fastening of the laser head with the supplied key (after all, the screws could have become loose on the road).

And after installing the software, the laser engraver is ready to work. The heat dissipation of this model is good, but it cannot work around the clock. After half an hour of work, you need a rest.

The machine has a protective wall, but still, while the laser is operating, the eyes must be protected with glasses.

2 Meterk DK-BL

Tabletop engraving machine with Bluetooth technology and USB connection. You can control the laser engraver via a smartphone or tablet running Android OS (via Bluetooth), as well as via a PC (USB connection). This is a mini hobby machine.

You should not use it for more than half an hour without a break. Otherwise, the laser head will overheat. It can be used to apply designs to wooden, plastic, bamboo, rubber, leather surfaces. Not suitable for working on metal and acrylic.

Buyers of the AliExpress trading platform in their reviews praise its packaging and readiness to work immediately after receipt. You just need to install the drivers. There are complaints about the operation of the laser beam adjustment ring. But overall, this compact engraver is the best tool for learning the principles of laser engraving and for creativity.   

1 Neje 1000 MW

If you have an irresistible desire to practice decorating things with laser engravings, but you are not ready to spend all your free money on this hobby, take a closer look at this budget laser engraver model with the best characteristics for this price category. This practical machine is great for DIY engraving. It has a strong frame, a good laser head, high printing speed and support for several types of materials: wood, bamboo, plastic, leather, cardboard.

The kit includes a user manual and software on a flash drive. Working area – 38x38 mm, laser power – 1000 MW. The engraver works flawlessly. If treated with care it will last a long time. This is the best model for home use.

Professional laser machines are used for engraving, marking and cutting various materials. These can be either gas models or solid-state laser engravers. The first type of equipment will cost less. But its scope of application is engraving wood and other non-metallic materials. If metal processing is required, then a fiber laser is needed. With enough power, it can not only engrave metal surfaces, but also cut metal.

3 Hauser HCZ 6090

This gas engraving machine is intended for professional use, but can also be useful for hobby use. The equipment provides high quality work. A wide range of materials is available for processing. Engraves and cuts wood, plastic, leather, ceramics, stones. The big advantage of this lot is that the machine comes assembled from AliExpress. It is ready to work almost out of the box. This is a fast and reliable technique that fully pays for its cost.

The size of the working field is 90x60 cm. The laser power is adjustable from 60 to 130 W. The cooling system works without failures. The maximum cutting thickness is 20 mm. This model has no wear parts, which has a positive effect on the life of the engraver. Maintainability is high. This machine is an excellent solution for business projects related to engraving.  

2 Lcspr 4040 50 W

One of the fastest laser engravers in its class. The model is suitable for applying a tone pattern to various materials - glass, wood, ceramics, leather, PVC, plastic. This model cannot be used for metal work. From the point of view of the range of work performed, this is a universal machine. It can do both surface marking and volumetric engraving. The unit is suitable for intensive use and mass production.

The working area is medium in size - 40x40 cm. The base of the engraver is equipped with a convenient mobile mechanism, so the machine is easy to move around the workshop. The equipment is not the richest, but the package from AliExpress includes everything you need for work. With high engraving quality, the machine boasts an affordable price. Plus, the seller promises technical support to buyers.

1 Hauser HCZ 30W

This machine differs from inexpensive gas laser engravers in its operating principle. It is a solid-state model with stable power. The beam intensity here is one of the highest among public sector employees, and it does not decrease during long-term operation of the equipment. This laser engraver is the best for working on metal. It also processes plastic and coated metal surfaces. The price on AliExpress for a machine of this type is very attractive.

The equipment is universal – suitable for engraving and cutting metal. It provides high accuracy and good speed. The manufacturer uses the best quality components. The assembly is reliable. The AliExpress seller also assumes customs obligations, which means the buyer does not have to make additional payments.  

Source: http://markakachestva.ru/aliexpress/1534-luchshie-lazernye-gravery-s-aliekspress.html

How to choose a laser engraver

05.08.2016

On our website we sell laser machines of all types. Below we will consider the main points that will help you choose the right laser engraving machine. Since the engraving machine belongs to the class of complex technological equipment, it is necessary to understand some of its characteristics for subsequent operation.

1. General description

Laser processing technology is fundamentally different from traditional mechanical methods. The main feature of the passage of a mechanical cutter on a CNC machine is the layer-by-layer removal of material, which creates waste in the form of metal or wood shavings. This is how the part is formed.

Laser engraver technology allows you to move the cutting head along a given route, just like a conventional CNC. But instead of a cutter, a coherent monochrome beam acts on the surface, after which there is no waste in the form of chips.

Due to heat treatment, layers of material evaporate. In addition, the passing speed increases, the accuracy does not suffer from this, and the quality of the seam looks perfect.

An important factor is the low noise level during operation of the machine and low wear of moving parts.

The main difference from mechanical engraving is that due to the instant removal of heat from the body of the workpiece, laser engraving allows you to process objects such as tablets, laptops, laptop cases and other three-dimensional devices with complex electronic filling, and not just flat sheets of metal or plastic.

2. Purpose of using a laser engraver

There are three criteria that determine the purpose of using this device. It is purchased for cutting (cutting), engraving, or both, that is, universal work. If a laser engraver is needed only for cutting, then you need to keep in mind such a factor as the power of the laser optics. For example, a power of 80-100 W is ideal for cutting and cutting.

For purely engraving, less power is needed (50-80 W), but such a parameter as variable focal length is important so that the pattern is more accurate. Especially in small details.

If both engraving and cutting operations are expected, a device is needed that balances processing speed, power and accuracy.

Different types of this equipment differ according to criteria such as:

• laser power: high power machines are capable of processing thicker materials;
• working field;
• emitted wavelength;
• number of cutting heads;
• lowering height of the work table, electric drive of the work table;
• mechanical precision;
• roughness and quality of cut;
• laser tube power: high-power machines have the ability to cut material at higher speeds, but the amount of energy consumption also increases;
• laser tube cooling system: more reliable cooling systems ensure longer operation time of the machine and increase the cost of the product;
• accessibility and functionality of the interface used in programmable machine models;
• ease of maintenance.

It is impossible to give a comprehensive answer on how to choose a laser engraver until the buyer decides for himself the scope of use of the device.

3. Materials for processing

Once the purpose of use has been determined, it is necessary to consider for which surfaces the engraver is purchased. As a general rule, harder materials require powerful lasers to penetrate the cutter to greater depths. In this case, the cutting (engraving) speed directly depends on the laser power. In other words, a powerful laser will provide high processing speed. Exactly what speed can be calculated experimentally by trying different materials.

In addition to the structure of the material, the issue of the dimensions of the processed sheet is important. You can focus on the index in the name. For example, the JCC 6090 can be recommended as a compact universal engraver for working on leather, plastic, for engraving small advertisements, souvenirs, and accessories. The index in the name indicates the dimensions of the available working field, that is, 600 x 900 mm.

4. Types of engravers and differences

The next step is to select a device based on the type of laser beam source. There are 3 types of engraving machines based on this feature:

• solid state;
• gas;
• hybrid.

In comparison with traditional methods of electrochemical and mechanical engraving, laser engravers show better characteristics in such parameters as visual appeal, pattern durability, and the ability to mark a product in series or in a constant technological cycle.

Engravers of the first type (including their varieties - fiber lasers) are designed to work mainly on hard surfaces: metal, plastic. They are distinguished by the highest quality and precision of patterns. However, these engravers do not mark wood, cardboard, or glass.

Gas engravers operating on CO² have proven themselves excellent on plastic, paper, ceramics, plexiglass and glass, rubber, and wood. However, metal as a material is not available for marking with this type of engraver. There are also restrictions on the size of working areas and the types of images displayed. For example, the inaccessibility of vector graphics images.

Hybrid devices combine CO² and fiber lasers, providing the advantages of both in “one bottle”, but losing in narrow specialization.

5. Key equipment characteristics

When the choice of equipment for laser engraving has been made according to the above criteria, we move on to the main characteristics of the machine. These characteristics are crucial for subsequent successful operation, and focusing on them can save a lot of money when purchasing.

5.1. Laser power

The amount of power is directly proportional to the overall productivity of the engraver, including processing speed. However, there are some peculiarities. For example, with high power, you can process harder materials, just at a slower speed. The downside of this option is high power consumption

5.2. Machine cooling system

There are options: whether the laser generator is equipped with such a system or not. The duration of continuous operation of the engraver depends on the cooling system. In addition, the cost of the machine directly depends on this parameter. When choosing a cooling system, we pay attention to the manufacturer and the technologies used. Branded products last longer than cheap Chinese counterparts, although, accordingly, they are more expensive.

5.3. Optional – electric drive and table lighting

Despite its simplicity, the electric drive of the table greatly facilitates laser control. Since the auto-focusing function of the beam is activated, which improves the engraving accuracy. The electric drive is used mainly in industrial or professional machines that work with large volumes of materials, and illumination of the work area makes it easier to control operations.

5.4. Software interface

Please note the variety of functions that can be reprogrammed. We will also make sure that the interface is easy to learn and its functions are intuitive.

If you plan to use a laser engraver on an industrial scale, you should think in advance about such a thing as the cost of a standard hour of operation of the machine.

6. Productivity (gradation of laser engravers by power)

We have prepared general tips on choosing a machine depending on the laser power and the thickness of the material being processed.

• tube power 12-15 W. For engraving, marking and cutting materials up to 4-5 mm thick. Disadvantage: low speed, low productivity, small processing area. Scope of application: small advertising, souvenirs, signs, stamps;
• power 25-30 W. For processing materials up to 10 mm thick. Disadvantages: average speed. The scope is the same as above;
• power 40-60 W. Material thickness up to 13 mm. These systems are approaching performance lasers;
• power 80-100 W. Can be used as a universal machine for cutting and applying patterns. Penetration depth into the material is up to 16 mm;
• power above 100 W up to 200 W. These are industrial productive machines that allow processing material to a depth of up to 25 mm.

With a power of more than 80 W, it is already possible to produce 3D engraving, for example, on wooden surfaces, in one pass. Lower power lasers can also handle this, but will require multiple passes with an adjustable focal length.

7. Scope of application of engravers

In terms of their functionality, engravers are used wherever it is necessary to finely apply patterns, barcodes, stamps, drawings or inscriptions on various surfaces, including complex shaped ones.

This:

• applying artistic patterns to wooden products;
• production of packaging, incl. decorative;
• outdoor advertising;
• production of souvenir products from metal, wood, glass, plastic, stone;
• drawing patterns on leather materials, in the textile industry - cutting complex materials.

The engraving machine is also successfully used in funeral services for engraving inscriptions on monuments.

8. Maintenance features

In principle, laser engravers are a type of low-maintenance equipment with proper technical support and trained personnel. During operation, you need to pay attention to the following points:

• initial setup of the machine by the operator (time for setup);
• service maintenance periods specified in the documentation;
• average cost and delivery time of consumables;
• what is the time between failures of the machine;
• regular water changes and chiller cleaning;
• cleaning optics and lenses;
• cleaning the corrugation and exhaust fan.

When purchasing, do not forget to check the performance of the engraving machine, especially its performance in standard operations.

Source: https://sharplase.ru/stati/novye/kak-vybrat-lazernyy-graver/

Advantages of Chinese laser engravers: highly versatile laser engravers; stone laser engravers; metal laser cutting machines

The tasks of a laser engraver include cutting material and engraving material with high precision, so to determine its characteristics it is enough to know what power and what type of laser emitter is installed, what type of motors are installed, and what control electronics are installed.

These 3 characteristics allow you to immediately understand what thickness and what materials the laser engraver will cut, at what speed, what the accuracy of beam positioning will be, and what software is supported.

Chinese manufacturers do not bother themselves with detailed descriptions of minor technical characteristics, controversial advantages, and the need to justify the inflated price of equipment, as, for example, “renowned” manufacturers are forced to do.

1. American laser engraver sellers claim that the lifespan of a metal laser tube is about 20,000 hours. From practice, the standard service life of such a laser tube is about 3-5 years of operation.

For comparison, all Chinese JQ laser engravers (for example, JQ-9060 laser engraver or JQ-1325 laser engraver) are equipped with reliable glass tubes made by SPT (China) and RECI (China). Anyone who deals with laser technology knows that the real service life of RECI laser tubes is 1-2 years. however, the difference in cost of a RECI tube and American metal tubes is almost 10 times, compensating for this difference in resource.

2. Glass really cannot retain gas in the laser engraver tube for a long time; already 2 years after production, the gas comes out. The newer the tube, the closer it is to the declared power. All Chinese manufacturers indicate the production date on the tube, so check with your supplier what the production date of the tube is, or better yet, contact SIGN SERVICE immediately, due to the high sales turnover, the company always has only new tubes in stock.

3. Air-cooled metal laser tubes make users very dependent on room temperature, and in the hot summer months, or in a heavily heated room in winter, the tube can easily overheat, lose tube power, and significantly reduce its service life.

A water cooling system – a chiller, based on a freon compressor – is installed on the glass tubes of CNC laser engravers. A suitable cooling system is always included with laser engravers with a power of 80W or more.

Less powerful engravers can also be equipped with a chiller, the cost of which is comparable to the cost of a Chinese glass tube.

This industrial “refrigerator” allows you not to worry about changes in ambient temperature, and allows you to maintain the specified temperature of the laser tube with an accuracy of tenths of a degree.

4. The metal body of American laser tubes does not provide any advantages during operation, because... the tubes are installed in the metal body of the laser engraver and are protected from external influences.

5. In modern Chinese-made laser engravers, it is easy to change the focus of the beam for materials of different thicknesses, not only by manually adjusting the laser head, but also using a mechanical or motorized lifting table.

The automatic focusing system advertised by “well-known” manufacturers of laser engravers, firstly, leads to a significant increase in the cost of the machine, and secondly, it allows focusing only on the surface of the material, which is absolutely unacceptable for cutting thick materials, for which the beam must be focused in the middle thickness of the material, otherwise the cut will have a conical shape.

6. All modern Chinese CNC laser engravers are equipped with a laser pointer, which ensures precise positioning on the product at the beginning of work.

7. Chinese laser engravers are equipped with both stepper motors and servo motors.

Modern stepper motors have a step of 0.9°/step (400 steps/revolution), and three-phase stepper motors make it possible to further break the step into microsteps and fix the rotor in intermediate step positions, thereby the positioning accuracy of a three-phase stepper motor is comparable to the positioning of a servomotor, which Raster disks of 500 lines/revolution or 1000 lines/revolution are installed. Therefore, engraving on a stepper motor with a resolution of 2500dpi is possible!

The disadvantage of stepper motors compared to servomotors is the lack of feedback, because of this, if the load on the stepper motor is exceeded, the rotor can rotate the step. But since the laser head moved by motors is very light, in practice turning does not happen.

The second drawback is half the speed of movement. But this disadvantage is more than compensated by the difference in price. Or you can buy a laser engraver with servo motors, and a Chinese laser engraver with servo motors will still be much cheaper than a laser engraver with servo motors from a “well-known” manufacturer.

8. The warranty on laser engravers is usually given for 12 months, the same for any manufacturer, be it Europe or China. The warranty for Chinese laser tubes is given for 3 months, corresponding to the minimum resource at maximum load. Although this is the same consumable item as lenses or mirrors.

The buyer must understand that having decided to purchase an expensive “well-known” laser engraver, he must come to terms with the fact that for its maintenance he will have to purchase expensive original consumables (lenses, mirrors), and sooner or later an expensive laser tube costing the same as the entire Chinese laser engraver.

Sellers of American engravers promise inexpensive refilling of these CO2 laser tubes, but are silent that it is impossible to replace the opaque and translucent mirrors in it, but it is known that they undergo aging and degradation as focusing lenses, which leads to a drop in power, bending of the geometry of the light beam, even until the mirrors are completely destroyed and the tube is depressurized.

9. Many “famous” manufacturers of laser engravers claim to use technology in their engravers (PPI – pulses per inch).

However, if you look at it, this is simply a characteristic of the operation of a low-power metal emitter with high-frequency excitation in pulsed mode; they cannot operate in continuous mode.

 And if you set a low PPI value in the control program, then instead of the intended solid cut you will get a dotted cut. Glass laser emitters can operate in continuous mode and do not have this disadvantage.

10. Chinese CNC laser engravers are equipped with all the necessary software needed for cutting and engraving (depending on the purpose). The software has many different combinations of working with raster and vector images. You can use it to make stamps and seals.

You can work directly from popular graphic editors (CorelDraw, Photoshop) using a built-in plugin.

Now the most popular controller for laser engravers is the Ruida RDC6442G, and the software included with it, RDWork, does not have a protective USB key, has a Russian interface, supports multi-layer work and a rich set of tools for converting raster images for engraving.

11. In terms of cutting speed and quality, Chinese laser engravers are not inferior to similar European ones. The power of the tubes is measured according to international standards, and the optical power of 40W is the same in both Europe and China.

However, “famous” manufacturers simply do not install powerful tubes in their CNC engravers (perhaps this is due to Europe’s focus on energy saving), but instead install low-power tubes, and by applying anti-reflective films to lenses and mirrors, they reduce power losses on internal reflection. This actually gives a visual power gain of about 10% per surface. Therefore, engravers with a 25W tube and optics with antireflection coating cut as efficiently as engravers with a 40W tube, but with uncoated optics.

But optics with such coatings are several times more expensive than optics without coating! And when, for example, a lens cracks, it cannot be replaced with a cheaper, uncoated analogue without losing actual power.

12. The dimensions of the laser engraver's work table must correspond to the material being processed.

Obviously, if the material comes in 1x2m sheets, then it is easier and more efficient to put it entirely into the engraver and cut it at once than to first saw it by hand and process it in small pieces in an engraver with a smaller work table.

So, making seals and stamps on such a large machine will also be inconvenient. Therefore, Chinese manufacturers have developed model lines for the users of their machines with worktable sizes from 20x30cm to 2x4m, for the corresponding tasks.

If on a large workbench, in the lower right corner, you notice a power loss of more than 10%, reconfigure the mirrors so that the laser beam does not scatter past them and past the lens in the head, or call a specialist for this.

13. For full technical support of engravers from any manufacturer, be it Chinese or branded brands, it is necessary that the supplier has a warehouse of consumables and spare parts, as well as qualified engineers, as in the SINE SERVICE company.

14. Laser is simple, laser technology is everywhere around us. At least 50% of the world's laser industry is located in China. Thanks to this, you can buy a cheap laser engraver for metal, wood, fiber optic networks, rangefinders, cutters, levels, etc., almost everything is made in China. European manufacturers order laser engravers under their own brand from China and sell them in Europe and the European part of Russia as their own.

15. Marketers of “famous” manufacturers of laser engravers, with each new model, spend fabulous sums on promotion, form public opinion, and invent excuses for their irrepressible price appetites. They present the usual implementation as know-how, or present their shortcomings as advantages, they write all sorts of nonsense about radiation in Chinese machines, etc.

Our goal is to objectively show the facts; we want to convey that factory-made, high-quality Chinese equipment, which is quoted on the domestic market of China, and this equipment is more expensive than other Chinese offers, can adequately compete technologically with “renowned” manufacturers, and leaves them as outsiders in terms of practicality of operation and service. Just come to the demonstration and see JQ machines in action.

SIGN SERVICE's product range includes the following laser engravers:

Mini laser engravers

Mini laser engraver Alfa 5030

Mini laser engraver Alfa 6040

Widely versatile laser engravers

JQ-4030

JQ-6040

JQ-9060

JQ-1290

JQ-1390

JQ-1412

JQ-1610

JQ-1325

JQ-1530

RJ6040

RJ1060

RJ1280

RJ1590

RJ1325

Laser engravers for stone

Laser engraver JQ-1060 for stone

Laser engraver JQ-1060L for stone

Laser engraver JQ-1390 for stone

Laser engraver JQ-1390L for stone

Laser engraver JQ-1325 for stone

Laser markers

Fiber Marker JQ-20

Fiber Marker JQ-30

Fiber Marker JQ-50

CO2 marker JQ-80

The offered range allows you to cover any need for cutting or engraving wood, plywood, MDF, acrylic, plexiglass, plastic, leather, fabric, cardboard, rubber, composite materials, steel, aluminum, gold, diamonds and almost any other materials, SIGN SERVICE employees They will help you buy a laser engraver for the required tasks, help with delivery from Moscow or Novosibirsk, carry out installation, training in operation and maintenance, provide warranty and post-warranty support. We have a staff of service engineers, as well as consumables and spare parts for all supplied equipment.

2017 SIGNAL SERVICE. All rights reserved.

Any copying of information from the site sign-service.ru must be made with reference to the source and with the consent of the resource administration.

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Source: https://sign-service.ru/company/articles/lazernye-gravery-i-ikh-ekspluatatsionnye-osobennosti.html

How does a laser engraver work?

In the work of laser engravers, accuracy and quality of processing of various materials are of key importance. Laser radiation, on which the operating principle of engravers is based, allows you to work with a variety of materials and apply even the most complex graphic images on workpieces.

Operating principle of a laser engraver

The operation of any model is based on laser radiation. A laser is a directed beam of photons that has a certain amount of energy.

In this case, the energy source becomes a generator of the appearance of photons, after which the elements collide with the help of special mirrors, and therefore an even larger number of photons are generated. Since one of the mirrors is translucent, the laser beam becomes unidirectional.

During the engraving process, the prepared surface melts and evaporates under the influence of high temperatures. As a result, indentations appear, which form the engraving.

4 stages of laser engraving

An example of user-friendly and high-tech equipment is CNC laser machines, thanks to which you can program engraving on various materials. The work of such laser engravers can be divided into several stages:

• pattern formation - at this stage the image is loaded onto the computer, where it will be possible to adjust the directions of movements when applying engravings;
• installation of the workpiece - the material to be engraved is installed inside the engraver;
• surface burning - the laser head moves along a given path and burns an image onto the surface;
• removal of the finished product.

Modern models of laser engravers open up new possibilities for users - for example, the ability to apply images on three-dimensional (three-dimensional) surfaces. Among the advantages of such devices:

• high level of accuracy;
• ease of operation;
• easy maintenance.

To be 100% sure that the engraver will cope with the expected tasks, give preference to models from reliable manufacturers. Consultation with specialists will also be useful: this way you can accurately determine which model is right for you for certain purposes.

The Top3DShop store, which offers a huge selection of numerically controlled machines, will help you consult and purchase quality equipment. Among dozens of options, there are universal and special models with varying power and functionality, but invariably durable and reliable.

Source: https://versiya.info/tehnika-i-tehnologii/110001

How to work with an electric and laser engraver - Working Equipment

The active development of modern technologies has led to the fact that now, even for little money, you can purchase high-tech devices, the quality of which will be at a decent level. One of these devices is a laser engraver, which until recently was very expensive and not available to everyone.

Perforating sheet metal on an industrial laser engraver

The presence of such equipment, now offered in a desktop version, allows you not only to decorate personal and household items, but also to start your own business. In particular, a laser engraver is successfully used to make seals and stamps. With a competent approach to organization, such a business can bring in good money.

Main settings

In order to make seals and stamps and decorate small-sized products, it is not at all necessary to purchase large engraving equipment from professional series - it is enough to buy a desktop laser engraver. Such equipment will not only take up little space in the workshop, but will also cost much less than industrial installations.

As for the prices for desktop laser engravers, they vary greatly and depend on a number of parameters. Such parameters, in particular, include:

• type of device according to the working element used in it (fiber laser engraver, discrete fiber, diode, etc.);
• laser engraver power;
• dimensions of the working platform;
• functionality;
• company manufacturer.

Approximate prices for laser engravers

In order to make stamps, as well as perform engraving work on the surface of small-sized products made of various materials, you can order an inexpensive laser engraver from China, which does an excellent job of such functions.

A Chinese laser engraver is capable of successfully coping with many tasks.

In particular, with the help of such a device, engraving can be performed not only on metal, but also on glass, wood, leather, plastic, cardboard and a number of other materials.

What problems can be solved using a laser engraver?

Most models of modern desktop laser engravers are controlled using external computers into which special software is loaded for these purposes. The program, usually supplied complete with laser engraving devices, simultaneously solves several problems:

1. converts an image or inscription loaded into a computer for further application using a laser engraver into vector format;
2. transmits information about the applied image to the device controller;
3. controls the operation of all elements of the engraver design.

The main working element of the engraver is a laser with a heat sink placed on a movable carriage

Before starting work, the mini laser engraver is connected to the control computer using a regular USB port.

Some models of laser engravers, the cost of which is slightly higher, allow them to be programmed.

In order to apply a drawing or inscription to the surface of the workpiece, the user of this equipment only needs to set the appropriate program according to which it will work.

For home use, compact laser engravers with low power are most often purchased.

Such a laser engraver for the home, despite its low power, can be used for seals and stamps made from polymer materials, as well as for solving a number of other problems related to the decorative design of products made from various materials.

Using such a device, in particular, you can apply a design or inscription to a glass object, or engrave on the surface of products made of leather, plastic, wood and thick cardboard.

Engraving of souvenirs on a laser machine

More functional, but also more expensive, is a fiber laser engraver, which can be successfully used to work with materials such as:

1. any metals and metal alloys;
2. composite materials;
3. rubber;
4. any types of plastics;
5. leather;
6. ceramics;
7. granite and porcelain stoneware;
8. semiconductor materials;
9. wood;
10. cardboard;
11. natural and artificial stone.

A special fiber used in laser engravers of this type as the main working element ensures ultra-precise focusing of the beam and effectively regulates its power.

Fiber-type laser devices, the technical capabilities of which allow for color engraving on the surface of stainless steel products, are used primarily in the professional field.

How to choose the right device

How to choose a laser engraver? First of all, you should get an idea of ​​the types of such devices and understand the operating parameters that characterize them.

You should not choose a device for specific tasks, since in the future you may not have enough of its functionality.

So, having bought a laser engraver for seals, that is, for working with rubber and polymer materials, you will not be able to use it in the future to design products made of metal and other hard materials. That is why it is better to immediately choose universal engraving devices.

Depending on what type of element is used in a laser engraver to form the working beam, all such devices are divided into two categories:

• gas laser engravers;
• solid state devices.

Neje mini laser engraver is a popular home model focused on miniature engraving

Gas-type laser engravers are inexpensive and versatile. Using such devices, which are most often purchased to equip home and small production workshops, you can engrave on the surface of products made of metal, leather, plastic, wood, etc.

Engravers that use a solid-state element to generate a laser beam are distinguished by the fact that they create radiation that has special properties. Devices of this type are used primarily for engraving on metal and some types of plastics.

The most significant advantage of using engravers with solid-state laser elements is that such processing can be performed with very high precision.

Choosing a laser engraver for making prints and processing products from various materials should be based on its power. So, for working with small objects made of not too hard materials, you can choose devices whose power is within 40 W.

Using such devices, in particular, it is possible to make prints with fairly good detail. To engrave on harder materials (such as stone), you should choose engravers with a power of at least 60 W.

Such devices, in addition to engraving, also allow cutting of the material being processed.

Laser engraver for seals and stamps Raytronic S7 with air-water cooling system

The power of a laser engraver affects not only what material can be processed using such a device, but also the thickness of the processed layer, as well as the range of operations performed.

Thus, to process a metal sheet more than 10 mm thick, you will need a laser engraver with a power of at least 100 W.

To process thinner items made from softer and more pliable materials, you can choose less powerful engraving units.

On the modern market, laser engravers are presented in a fairly wide power range. So, depending on your needs, you can choose similar devices whose power is in the range of 20–120 W.

The compact tabletop engraving machine TST-3040 is great for making signs and souvenirs

When choosing a laser engraver, you should pay attention to the additional characteristics of such devices. One of these characteristics, which ensures the duration of the continuous processing process performed on a laser engraver, as well as a longer service life, is the presence of a cooling system in its equipment.

Another important option to look for when choosing a laser engraver is auto focusing. On laser engravers with this function, processing can be performed not only with greater productivity, but also with higher accuracy.

Manual carriage function allows you to quickly start a job from the desired location

The configuration in which laser engravers are supplied from the manufacturer is another important parameter. No one will argue that it is much more convenient to purchase a device that includes everything necessary for its operation. The standard set of modern laser engraver models usually includes:

• the device itself;
• safety glasses, which must be used when working with such a device;
• debug key;
• software installed on the control computer.
• cable for connecting to the control computer.

Processing materials using a laser engraver

It so happens that the most popular material for which a laser engraver is used is wood. Using this equipment, you can also cut wood products if their thickness does not exceed 15 mm.

Since engraving wood, as well as cutting it with a laser engraver, is accompanied by the release of a large amount of combustion products, when performing such operations it is necessary to use exhaust ventilation or a blowing system.

Example of laser engraving on the back of a phone

Plastic products also lend themselves very well to processing using a laser engraver. It should be borne in mind that thermoplastics and facing plastic panels are best processed, but with engraving and cutting polycarbonate, if the power of the engraver used is low, difficulties may arise.

Solid-state engravers are optimal for cutting and engraving metal, but you need to pay attention to their power.

How to operate the device

When starting to work with a laser engraver, you should keep in mind that if such a device is used incorrectly, you can encounter injuries not only to your hands, but also to your eyesight. This can be avoided by following safety rules and using protective equipment (in particular, special glasses supplied with the equipment).

To become more familiar with all the nuances of working with a laser engraver, the rules for setting it up and starting it up, it is advisable not only to carefully study the instructions and other theoretical material, but also to watch the corresponding video. This approach will allow you to avoid mistakes that many of those who have never worked with such devices make before.

Source: https://rabtehnika.ru/kak-rabotat-elektricheskim-i-lazernym-graverom.html

Laser engraver

Technological developments that seemed fantastic just yesterday are now becoming more accessible to mass consumption. These include a laser engraver.

Products created on a laser machine can be both advertising products and decoration of household items. Therefore, with some skill, a hobby can develop into your own business.

Laser engraver

Equipment design

For home use or small-scale industrial purposes, a desktop version of a laser engraving machine is sufficient. It is characterized by its compact size, low power and ease of use.

Laser engraver device

The basic structure of such an apparatus is as follows:

• laser - an element that induces a beam;
• optical system (resonator);
• carriage holding the laser;
• metal-plastic frame with carriage movement guides;
• cooling system;
• engine;
• table;
• housing with protective coatings;
• communication system connecting to power supply and control computer.

Industrial miniature laser engraver models come with a disk containing a computer program that controls its operation and processes images for transfer to the device.

Powerful laser engraving machine equipment used on an industrial scale is also supplied by manufacturers with an electronic control system and the ability to program it. This is just an addition that optimizes the engraver's performance. The laser remains an important component.

Based on the nature and aggregate state of the active medium, lasers used in engravers are divided into:

Gas is a tube filled with an inert substance (nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide). Its peculiarity is that the power decreases over time due to rarefaction of the gas, affecting the quality of the product. Therefore, it is characterized by operating time expressed in hours. It can range from 1.5 to 10 thousand. The higher the value, the longer the tube will last, subject to rational operation: with breaks and proper cooling.

Solid-state, where the active medium is a solid substance, are characterized by high practicality and stable power. They have specific functions: they add color to the cut track and perform the design with high precision. Typically, solid-state elements are contained in metal laser engraving machines.

The properties of the cutting beam depend on the optical system that focuses it. It consists of three mirrors and a lens - curved glass covered with a special film. The engraver's accuracy is adjusted using these mirrors.

The mechanical part of the equipment consists of a metal-plastic structure in the form of a frame, with guide rails along which the carriage holding the laser moves. Some models have the ability to manually control the position of the carriage, which allows you to move it to the desired point throughout the working field.

The cooling system plays an important role in the stability of the device and the wear resistance of laser tubes, which can be:

• air from several fans;
• water, which is a closed circuit of tubes with water circulating through them;
• combined - air-water.

Overheating of the laser element will lead to a decrease in its power, and the engine will lead to failure of the entire machine.

The power of the motor that controls the engraving laser, both metal and other dense materials, is important. This parameter determines what material the machine can handle, how thick it is, and what exactly it will do - engrave or cut a contour.

By power, engravers are:

• weak – 20-60 W – for working on wood, cardboard, plexiglass;
• medium power – 60-100 W – can process metal surfaces;
• powerful - 100-160 W - industrial, capable of cutting material.

The working field is a table, the height of which determines the ability to process materials of various thicknesses, since one of the main parameters is the distance from the laser to the surface. The field size is expressed in millimeters and indicates the possible volumes of products.

The automatic engraver has appropriate table height control and can be equipped with an additional rotating element for cutting rounded products. In simpler models, the position of the platform is adjusted manually, complicating the work as a whole.

Compact laser engraver

The devices are connected to a 220 V power supply; mini models can be 12 V and are equipped with power supplies. Communication with the computer is carried out via a USB port.

Principle of operation

The operating principle of a laser engraver is to burn the surface with a focused laser beam. Such characteristics of the laser beam as monochrome (radiation of the same wavelength) and a small divergence angle make it possible to obtain a thin cut line with smooth edges.

If a gas laser is used for the engraver, then the induced beam in the tube, through a system of mirrors, enters the laser head. Passing through the lens, it is focused and exits the nozzle onto the working surface. The result depends on the power of the tube, which can be adjusted by varying the cutting depth.

Working with a laser engraver

In such lasers, the beam is inducted by an electrical discharge. And they operate continuously as a result of chemical reactions occurring in the environment.

Solid-state lasers for engraving operate in a pulse-periodic mode with high energy. As a result, the rod heats up and collapses. Energy is pumped with powerful flashes of gas-discharge lamps. Consequently, the designs of solid-state lasers in devices are more expensive than gas ones, but the capabilities of a laser engraver are also higher. Great energy is released, capable of cutting solid materials - metals and their alloys.

How to choose a laser engraver

Desktop laser engravers are the best option for working in home workshops. The correct choice of equipment will affect the success of the entire business.

When choosing a laser engraver, you should consider the following points:

• Purpose of purchase - for yourself, small or large business;
• requirements for the scope of work, shape and size of products;
• type, nature and thickness of materials to be processed;
• accuracy and quality of applied drawings or cutting out figures;
• level of skill of the employee (personnel);
• proficiency in using special computer programs;
• the size of the budget allocated for the purchase, maintenance and operation of a laser engraver for the home.

To ensure uninterrupted operation of a sufficient level, it is necessary to take into account the following machine parameters:

• beam power, considering that average performance is achieved at values ​​of 60-80 W;
• sufficient area of ​​the working field, is it necessary to install an additional rotating element (with average power, the area can range from 60x90 cm to 2x3 m);
• the ability of the machine to operate without interruption for a long time;
• the warranty period of operation of the gas tube and the type of gas in it, whether its models are available for sale for timely replacement;
• quality of the focusing lens;
• type of optical system - stationary or deviating, which affects the speed of the process - 1000 and 7000 mm/s, respectively;
• cooling system efficiency;
• the presence of an autofocus function, which significantly increases the quality of the product;
• aids for debugging the accuracy of the engraver;
• machine dimensions;
• compatibility of equipment with computer;
• providing an exhaust ventilation system to remove smoke and work odors.

Example of a finished product

For home use or to meet the needs of a small business, it is enough to purchase inexpensive devices, for example, laser engravers made in China. These are budget options that, as a rule, have standard equipment and some materials to get started. With such equipment you can learn how to work, practice skills, and even start fulfilling small orders.

Advantages:

• low price;
• sufficient functional rating to get started;
• ease of assembly and use.

Flaws:

• lack of warranty service;
• minimal functions that do not allow performing serious work;
• unreliability of the design.

You can also decide which equipment will be the best by considering the features of laser engraver manufacturers.

Features of working with a laser engraver

Work performed on a laser engraver requires compliance with safety regulations.

1. Radiation from the laser has a detrimental effect on the eye tissues, burning out cells, therefore it is necessary to use darkened glasses (usually included with the machine), and also in the case of using a closed-type desktop laser engraver, do not leave the lids with protective glasses open during operation.
2. During the engraving process, equipment parts heat up, so you should not touch the working parts with unprotected hands.
3. Do not expose body parts to the beam.
4. Keep children and animals away from the equipment.
5. The machine must be grounded and connected to a voltage stabilizer.
6. The engraver can only be used in good condition.

To engrave metal, plastic, wood and other materials at home, you must consider the minimum equipment installation requirements:

• free space in the work area, without clutter;
• good room ventilation;
• dust protection.

After purchasing a new device, and also in order to make high-quality products on a laser machine, it is worth calibrating it - debugging the accuracy of the laser operation (adjustment).

This is carried out using targets located on the mirrors of the optical system. It can be carried out using special equipment included with the machine, or without it.

To be able to control the machine via a computer, it requires firmware with drivers.

Layouts of the finished product in graphic form are transferred to the device, pre-processed in special graphic editors: CorelDraw, Benbox and others. The image must be vector, made in “grayscale” mode. In this case, the body of the product is filled with color, and the parts that must be cut out remain unpainted.

The engraver opens up interesting opportunities for the master: from creating souvenirs to expensive jewelry; from markings on parts to personal seals; from individual orders to mass production. A high level of qualifications and the right equipment will provide stable income for a long time.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/stanki/stanki-dlya-rezki/lazernyjj-graver.html