How to sharpen and sharpen a saw correctly

Sharpen, do not dull a hacksaw: instructions for sharpening a hacksaw for wood

Despite the abundance of chainsaws, circular saws, grinders and other automatic cutting tools, the ordinary hand saw is still popular. While it has long been replaced by more advanced saws in production and logging, the good old toothy blade remains in garages and dachas. A wood hacksaw can last for decades if it is sharpened in a timely manner and correctly. Even people who regularly work with their hands make mistakes in this process.

Need for sharpening

The most obvious advantage of sharpness is the speed of sawing. When working in the country, this is even more important than in the workshop, since you often have to work in cramped conditions, standing in an awkward position. A poorly sharpened blade gets stuck in wood, especially raw wood. In addition, there is a risk that the canvas will break and injure the worker.

The practical benefits of spiciness include:

• Accuracy of the cuts performed.
• Longer service life of the canvas.

• Savings on replacing hacksaws.
• High productivity of carpentry work.

Determining the right moment

Without experience, people often go from one extreme to another and either sharpen the saw every few days or once a year. Determining the need for sharpening by time is the wrong approach.

There are a number of signs that indicate that the teeth are dull:

• The blade regularly gets stuck in the wood.
• When sawing, the sound changes, it becomes more “dull”.
• The shade of the teeth changes.

• The resistance of the material increases significantly.
• The ends of the teeth are noticeably rounded.
• The blade moves away from the cutting line.

Hardened teeth cannot be sharpened. They are easy to distinguish: they are blackish with a slight blue tint.

Sharpening instructions

First you need to prepare the equipment necessary for work:

• Set of files.
• Sandpaper.

Without a basic set, it’s basically impossible to sharpen it.

To make sharpening better, you can prepare additional tools:

• A device that allows you to mount the saw at the required angle.
• Locksmith's hammer.

Wiring

Before returning the sharpness to the saw, you need to adjust the teeth, that is, move them apart. Setting is the installation of cutting teeth at a certain angle relative to the blade and each other. If you look at the set saw, you can see that they, alternating, deviate to the right and left from the blade plate itself. This configuration gives the hacksaw freedom to make deep cuts. It doesn’t get stuck because it doesn’t touch the walls with its entire plane.

The distance between the set teeth should be one and a half or two times the thickness of the hacksaw. They are produced no thicker than 1.5-2 millimeters, therefore, the cutting protrusions need to be set at 0.25-0.5 mm for sawing dry and hard wood; for damp or soft wood you need to bend it by 0.5-1 mm.

To set the correct angle for each tooth “by eye”, you need solid experience, which not every carpenter has. It comes after many dozens of sharpened saws. For less experienced carpenters, there is a tool called a setting tool. Its most primitive version is a flat steel plate with a slot. A hacksaw is inserted into this gap with a minimum gap, under tension.

The wiring process looks like this:

1. Secure the hacksaw in a vice like this. It is necessary to ensure that the teeth protrude 2 cm above the jaws.
2. The teeth are clamped in the groove and then bent in the middle.
3. First you need to bend all the even teeth in one direction, then bend the odd ones in the opposite direction.
4. At the end, you can spread the jaws of the vice according to the calculated width of the spread and try to pass the saw between them.
5. An excessively bent tooth will hit the vice. Use pliers to bend it a little further.

Adjustment of teeth height

All cutting lugs must be the same size to ensure that sawing performance is not compromised. Longer teeth experience greater stress and wear out faster, while shorter teeth do not even touch the wood.

Pulling the canvas becomes jerky, uneven, and more effort is wasted. The accuracy of the cut deteriorates, the cut surface becomes rougher.

Adjustments are made before sharpening begins. To make sure that none of the teeth protrude, you can do this: press the canvas against a sheet of paper placed on the table.

The tops of the teeth will be imprinted on the sheet, and the gaps in this pattern will allow you to adjust their height. To do this, hold the saw in a bench vise and use a file to file down the teeth that are too long.

Direct sharpening

To return the teeth to their former sharpness, a whetstone used to sharpen kitchen knives is not suitable. You need a special tool: a file with a triangular cross-section or a needle file. It is very good if you have several files with different sections and cut pitches: this will allow you to process each tooth perfectly.

Sharpening stages:

1. Hold the file by the handle with one hand and place the other on the end of the tool.
2. Decide on the sharpening angle. Usually it is 15-30 °. You can determine it by eye, with a protractor, or use simple equipment. Shape a block of wood into an isosceles triangle with angles of 90, 60 and 30 degrees, then use it as a measuring stick.
3. Sharpen the left cutting edges of the even (farthest from you) teeth. Each requires an equal number of file passes to remove the same amount of chips. The pressure on the tool should be equal.
4. Turn the hacksaw over to the other side, then sharpen the left edges of the even-numbered teeth again.
5. Sharpen the tops of the teeth.
6. Do not forget to control the sharpening angle using a whetstone.

The process seems very simple, albeit monotonous, but there are a number of nuances:

• The saw must be secured very tightly in the vise for safety reasons. Do not be afraid to damage the metal of the blade with strong compression.
• The work area should be well lit to make it easier to determine angles and sharpness.
• The metal is removed only when the file moves away from the carpenter.
• The more dull the saw, the larger the notches on the file can be, but to fine-tune the teeth you should always use a file with small notches.

• When fixing the tool in a vice, push it between the jaws as deep as possible. To prevent the hacksaw from swinging outward, only the teeth should remain.
• During the work process, there will inevitably be burrs on the sharpened edges. To remove them, just rub the metal with a fine-grained abrasive (sandpaper).
• To check the quality, you need to carefully examine the teeth in the light. They should shine.

Sharpening quality improvements

How do you sharpen a hacksaw for wood?

On your own From a master

The classic option that anyone can use was discussed above. There is a way to make the sharpening process more efficient and easier.

When using a multi-axis vice with a rotating frame, you can fix the blade so that you only have to move the file in the horizontal plane.

You can purchase a special sharpening device at a hardware store. It is attached to the workbench with a clamp and the hacksaw is clamped in it at angles of 90 and 45 degrees relative to the working surface. After installation it will be much easier to use the file.

Conclusion

I tested various sharpening methods in my own experience. In the garage there was an old wood saw that had not been sharpened for probably twenty years. It served as a testing ground for me. I won’t say that the saw is like new, but it can work in the country without any problems.

There is nothing difficult about sharpening saws yourself; you just need to get your hands used to it. My father once taught me how to sharpen saws, but he did everything in a simple way, without fixing the blade in a vice. This is the wrong approach. You should always clamp the saw in a vice. Firstly, it’s safer, and secondly, it’s easier.

other useful articles:

• Hand hacksaws for wood: how to choose a suitable model based on purpose and characteristics, popularity rating, pros and cons
• All the ways to sharpen a chainsaw chain: details about sharpening with a file, grinder, on an electric or manual machine
• How to choose a sharpening machine for chainsaws: their types and characteristics, TOP-7 rating and review of the most popular models, their pros and cons, expert advice
• Cordless reciprocating saw: how to choose the right one, what characteristics to look for when choosing, rating of the best models, their pros and cons

instructions: how to quickly and easily sharpen a hacksaw with a file

Source: https://tehno-gid.net/inf/kak-natochit-nozhovku-po-derevu.html

How to sharpen and sharpen a saw correctly

Like any tool, hand saws and hacksaws require care and maintenance. High precision and cleanliness of the cut can only be ensured if the teeth are properly sharpened and set apart. This does not require special equipment, just a simple tool and basic knowledge.

The national encyclopedia of construction ProfiDom.com.ua tells in this publication how to properly sharpen and cut a saw

Theoretical part

To ensure high quality cuts, you need to understand the mechanism by which the edges of the hacksaw teeth act on the material being processed. Unlike steel and plastic, wood is a heterogeneous material; it is because of this property that several types of saws have been developed, differing in the profile of the teeth, their sharpening angle and degree of set.

Basic types of wood hacksaw teeth. 1 - for cross cutting Type 1; 2 - for cross cutting Type 2; 3 - for longitudinal cutting Type 1; 4 - for longitudinal sawing Type 2; 5 - for universal cutting  

There are three types of hacksaws: for cross-cutting, longitudinal cutting, and universal. The main difference lies in the cutting principle: when sawing wood across the grain, fragments of different densities are encountered along the path of the tooth. On the one hand, this circumstance plays into the hands: the resulting chips are smaller in size and are easily removed from the contact zone, which allows for sharpening on both sides of the tooth for sawing, both in the forward and reverse feed directions.

On the other hand, cutting across the fibers occurs partly by impact; accordingly, more obtuse bevel angles of the cutting edges are required.

Sawing wood along the grain can be described as repeated cycles of microplaning. The force exerted on the tooth is uniform in this case, so the teeth have an asymmetrical shape and are directed with their tip towards the cutting direction. In this case, the edge formed at the top of the tooth is directed strictly perpendicular to the plane of the blade. When sawing along the fibers, elongated chips are formed, the removal of which from the contact zone is difficult.

Also, during longitudinal cutting, there is a greater release of moisture, resins and adhesives, which, in combination with the first factor, does not allow sawing in both directions. Removal of chips occurs when the tool is fed directly: the perpendicular direction of the edge promotes the ejection of sawdust in the sawing direction. The reverse movement ensures removal of chip residues and self-cleaning of the edges.

The teeth of all types of hacksaws are set; they are alternately inclined in different directions from the longitudinal axis of the blade. Due to this, in the longitudinal profile of a row of hacksaw teeth, a kind of dovetail is formed - two sets of cutting wedges formed by the tips of the cutting edges of the teeth. Accordingly, the hacksaw forms two grooves at the bottom of the cut, which ensures uniform stepwise removal and efficient removal of chips.

Tools and devices, preparation for work

Wood saw blades are made from corrosion-resistant alloy steels with a hardness of 40–50 HRC units. Thanks to the use of such material, the instrument retains its quality, even if it has not been used for several decades.

To return even an old rusty blade to service, it is enough to simply sharpen and set the teeth correctly, and this will require some tools and equipment.

Let’s immediately make a reservation that modern hacksaws with a hardened serrated edge (where the tarnished colors are visible) are not sharpened or sharpened, unless after annealing the blade.

Reliable fastening of the hacksaw is ensured by using a piece of board, at the end of which a cut is made parallel to the wide side. The cut must be made with the same hacksaw that is being processed; the depth is about 70–80 mm. The blade must be inserted into the cut with the butt down so that the teeth protrude from the cut to a height of at least 50 mm. The wooden miter box itself must be clamped in a vice, or secured to any stationary object, immobilizing the blade using a wide and thin wedge

As a further improvement to the miter box, you can use a similar holder to quickly secure the saw blade

Processing of metals of such hardness is possible manually and mechanized. In the first case, you can use files with a hardness of 60 or 65 HRC, or diamond needle files.

For mechanical processing, an electric sharpener is used with a white electrocorundum stone mounted on it in a vulcanite binder.

The optimal diameter of the circle is 120-160 mm, it is desirable that the thickness does not exceed 8 mm, otherwise, you will need to tuck the end to the disc profile. The grain size of the abrasive particles should be P 120–140 or higher.

To set teeth, you need a tool called a setter. This is a thin plate on the handle that has one or more transverse cuts of different widths. The butt of the hacksaw should fit into one of the cuts so tightly that the tilt of the handle relative to the blade is at a right angle +/- 2°. To ensure that the wiring is uniform and symmetrical in both directions, an adjustable angular limiter in the form of a metal arc is attached to the wiring.

How to set saw teeth

The hacksaw teeth are set apart before sharpening. The blade should be tightly clamped in a vice, the teeth should be cleaned of resin and fine wood dust. Before setting the teeth, you need to calibrate the tool.

To do this you will need a set of probes and a metal ruler. The amount by which the teeth should be bent is established by the standard and is on average 1/10 of the pitch or distance between the vertices.

Having measured the pitch of the teeth, you need to select the appropriate set of feelers or shims, the total thickness of which is equal to the setting distance.

First, you should select an arbitrary tooth and bend it a certain amount, achieving the correct bend value by eye. After this, a set of spacer pads, the total thickness of which is equivalent to the size of the spread, is pressed against the plane of the canvas. The edge of the metal ruler must be pressed against the pads and ensure that when passing past the top of the tooth, only a light touch is provided.

Then everything is simple: when the control tooth is bent to the required amount, a setting tilt limiter is installed on it; it should rest against the side of the saw blade. Sometimes it is necessary to move the stopper in order to compensate, due to stronger bending, the reverse deformation of the teeth that appears due to the elastic properties of the blade. Starting from the control tooth, bend all the others, alternately in opposite directions.

To speed up the process, it is recommended to first bend only in one direction, and then in the other, in both cases bending the teeth through one. It remains to add that during use the edge shrinks 2–3 times slower than sharpening. To check whether the hacksaw is well set, you need to measure the thickness of the toothed part in different places with a caliper - it should be 20% greater than the nominal thickness of the blade.

In the next publication, the National Encyclopedia of Construction ProfiDom.com.ua will complete its story about how to properly sharpen and cut a saw

(End to follow)

Source: http://ProfiDom.com.ua/stati/tehnika/25864-kak-pravilno-tochit-i-razvodit-pilu

Sharpening and setting saws: types, methods, care

The saw is perhaps one of the oldest tools of human economic activity (the prototype of the modern two-handed saw, found by archaeologists, dates back to the Neolithic era and dates back to the 7th millennium BC).

Modern technologies have stepped far forward, but the issues of operating this ancient and still relevant tool of labor have not lost their relevance. Let's look at them more thoroughly.

 Why do you need to split the saw?

Before you start sharpening the saw, this operation must be performed after purchasing it (since in most cases saws are sold unsharpened), they should be properly set apart. And it is worth noting that this procedure (for effective and professional use of the tool) is performed once every one or two years, since an unsharpened and unsharpened saw can simply negate all your efforts and ruin the work you have begun.

As a result of setting the saw, its teeth bend in opposite directions. Even and odd, some to one, others to the other.

Why are we doing this? And in order for the width of the cut to be at least one and a half to two times greater than the thickness of the saw blade itself. It is this proportion that provides us with the necessary minimum value for comfortable work, allowing us to avoid clamps and “snacks” of the canvas.

The blade will bend and the cut will, at best, be incorrect along the originally intended line; at worst, the blade will simply not budge, no matter how much effort you apply. In order to avoid these unpleasant moments in the process of work, “divorce” is actually used. It can be accomplished through several methods. The simplest is to bend the teeth in opposite directions using ordinary pliers.

In any case, the main thing to remember is that the “divorce” must be carried out by observing one rule - a clove to the left - a clove to the right. And so on along the entire length of your saw, starting with the first tooth and ending with the last.

Sharpening saw teeth

Do you know how a poorly sharpened knife cuts a loaf of fresh bread? This is approximately how your saw (even if well diluted) will cut a birch log. That is, no way!

How can we properly sharpen our saw? Nothing could be easier! We take an ordinary triangular file (we think every self-respecting craftsman will have one) and make all the same simple monograms - tooth-to-tooth, tooth-to-tooth, from the base to the top, from the “basement of the pyramid” to its peak . The saw teeth must be sharpened at each point.

Having completed these simple manipulations, the net result is a ready-to-use tool that, “without further ado,” can be used to implement any, even the most daring, undertakings!

Oh, and one more tip - don’t forget to take care of your instrument. Always keep it clean and tidy, protect it from moisture, lubricate it periodically, and it will serve you faithfully for many, many years.

Diagram of correct saw sharpening

Have a pleasant and fruitful work!

Source: https://positroika-doma.ru/instrument/zatochka-i-razvodka-pily-tipy-sposoby-uhod

How to sharpen a saw correctly?

When processing various materials, the saw remains indispensable. It is used for cutting metal, wood or plastic in conditions where power tools are not applicable. With frequent use, the blade becomes dull and many do not know how to sharpen the saw themselves in order to increase the efficiency of its operation.

Signs that your saw is dull

During operation, the saw blade is subject to increased wear. The teeth become dull and it takes more time to cut the workpiece; a characteristic sound appears.

The loss of sharpness of the teeth of the blade also affects the expenditure of effort, since cutting the material is now much more difficult. It becomes difficult to form a cutting line, since the blade does not cut into the workpiece, but only scratches it. If the wear is uneven, the saw moves to the side, or jams in the cut so much that even applying lubricant does not help.

Why and when to sharpen

There are three main reasons why saws need to be sharpened:

• cutting materials becomes more complicated - more time is spent, more effort must be applied, at the initial stage it is difficult to form a cutting line;
• the danger in work increases, since the blade can jam, the cutting plane can be lost, and the blade can bend under load;
• processing accuracy decreases - the blade moves to the side, making it difficult to make a cut in a single plane.

The following signs will help determine the need to sharpen your saw teeth:

• a dull sound appears during operation;
• the saw gets stuck in the cut;
• the teeth are rounded or not the same;
• difficult to maintain a given direction.

General requirements for sharpening

Sharpening a hacksaw should be done on a special machine that allows you to securely fix the blade, make the correct shape of the teeth and accurately maintain the sharpening angle.

You can replace the machine with improvised tools: a grinder, a file, a needle file. The master probably has all of them in his inventory, so he won’t have to make any extra expenses.

Hand tools should not be used to sharpen teeth made of hardened steel. It can only be replaced. This type of steel can be identified by its black color with a bluish tint.

Before sharpening the teeth, they need to be separated, otherwise it will not be possible to make the correct angle. The thickness of the blade is decisive in determining the width of the cut.

The sharpening angle is selected in the range of 300–600. The choice depends on the type of canvas.

Saw sharpening requirements

Necessary tool

When sharpening a wood hacksaw, you need to use the following tool:

• to fix the position of a vice or clamp;
• for measurements, calipers;
• hammer for setting teeth;
• For sharpening you will need to use a grinder, and for finishing you should use needle files.

To do manual sharpening, you need to use a sharpening device and sharpen the teeth with a file.

An angle grinder is selected from 5–8 thousand rpm. Install discs with a thickness of 1.2–1.4 mm, the diameter should be 115 mm or 125 mm. Transparent plastic must be attached as a protective shield.

How to sharpen a hacksaw

To sharpen a hacksaw for metal or wood with your own hands, you need to:

1. Carry out preparatory work.
2. Determine for what purposes the saw is used.
3. Perform sharpening with parameters that take into account the intended purpose of the tool.

Preparation

To sharpen a hacksaw for wood, you need to prepare all the necessary tools. Then remove possible types of contamination to clean metal and evaluate the possibility of restoring the canvas. Based on the inspection, a sharpening method is selected.

Sharpening

Sharpening a hacksaw for metal or wood for longitudinal or universal sawing is done in two ways:

1. Direct. Using a file at an angle of 900 in the horizontal direction to the blade, layers are removed from the edges of the teeth. Then rearrange the blade in the clamp with the opposite side and do a similar treatment of the distant teeth.
2. Obliquely. It differs from the direct method by the sharpening angle, which is 800. First, the teeth of one row are processed, and then the other.

To sharpen a utility saw, you will need a coarse needle file or a file with a diamond cross-section. The choice of method depends on the processing characteristics of the workpieces and the preferences of the master.

You can sharpen a hacksaw for wood at home as follows:

1. Select a file with a triangular cross-section with special notches for ease of turning.
2. Fix the blade at an angle of 450-500 to the working surface.
3. Use a file in a direction parallel to the table at an angle to the teeth of 600 to 750 to sharpen.

To restore dull teeth, the odd-numbered incisors are sharpened first, and then the even-numbered ones. After the odd ones, the blade is turned in the opposite direction and the even ones are sharpened.

Basic rules of turning:

• the cutting tool should be moved evenly with the same force;
• To remove burrs, files with small notches are used;
• Upon completion of work, it is necessary to check the sharpness of the teeth.

Sharpening a hacksaw for wood

Teeth setting

Separating the teeth is required to prevent the blade from getting stuck in the cut. The process consists of bending the teeth relative to the blade in two directions at the same angle and distance. As a result of correct routing, free gaps should be formed, which will help simplify the movement of the blade during cutting when cutting.

The standard is considered to be a wiring distance of no more than 2 mm. Depending on the specific application, the bend is made as follows:

• for processing dry wood - from 0.3 to 0.5 mm;
• for raw wood - from 0.5 to 1 mm.

The selection of the bend angle is carried out on the basis of the following principle: a larger angle will allow you to saw with a wide cut, and a smaller angle will allow you to cut with more effort, but with a smaller cut width.

For bending, special devices are used. The canvas is clamped in a clamp and placed on the work surface. Then carefully bend the teeth using a metal die to such a distance as not to break them.

The wiring is done step by step as follows:

1. Slots are made as marks to determine the thickness of the web.
2. The tooth is fixed in the hole made and bent with a die to the marked stop point.
3. A similar procedure is performed with all remaining teeth.

Height alignment

The height check is performed as follows:

• a sheet of paper having a single color shade is placed on a flat, smooth surface;
• place the canvas over it, press evenly so that the end surface of the canvas is parallel;
• remove the saw, then look at the uniformity of the pressure marks;
• If there are protruding teeth, carefully file down to a general level.

An even arrangement of teeth is required to make even cuts in the material.
The uneven load on the teeth leads to increased wear. Therefore, after wiring, their alignment is required. A few simple techniques for sharpening and setting hand saw teeth.

How to sharpen a saw correctly? Link to main publication

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/zatochka/pily

How to sharpen a wood hacksaw yourself

For sawing building materials made of wood, as well as trees, a tool such as a hand saw is used.

Despite the fact that electric and even gasoline saws, jigsaws and circular saws have long been developed, a hand hacksaw for wood remains an indispensable assistant in the arsenal of every craftsman.

During active use of this tool, it becomes necessary to sharpen the teeth. We’ll look at how to sharpen a hacksaw on wood yourself at home in this material.

Purpose and structure of the saw

A hand hacksaw is used for sawing various wood materials. It is a blade with teeth at the bottom. On one side, the tool is equipped with a handle, with which the master holds it during sawing work. The quality of the handle determines the convenience and comfort of working with the saw.

The number of manufacturers of wood saws is quite large, but they all differ not only in names, but also in quality. All of them are intended for sawing wood, chipboard, logs, laminate, and tree trunks.

Hacksaws are divided into such types as: classic, round, bow, as well as with a back and a reward. The thickness of the blade plays an important role when choosing a tool.

After all, a thin blade can break during sawing wood, and a thick blade is quite difficult to work with.

Important! Wood saws should be sharpened periodically. Sharpened files include blades that have not gone through the hardening stage. If the blade links are hardened, then it is impossible to sharpen them.

Saw layout

Sharpening a hacksaw for wood begins with a procedure such as setting the teeth. The alignment of the hacksaw teeth is carried out for such purposes as ensuring free movement of the blade without jamming. Setting is the bending of the teeth in different directions, alternately, by the same amount. This leads to an increase in the width of the cut, which means that during the sawing process the process of removing chips is accelerated.

It is important to know! The wider the tooth set, the less chance of the blade jamming.

The amount of tooth set depends on the thickness of the blade, and is usually 1.5-2 mm. To bend the teeth the same amount, you will need to use a special device. This device is a metal plate with a special slot. The blade is clamped in a vice so that the links protrude slightly. After this, the process of bending the teeth is carried out. The sharpened teeth must also be bent to the same distance.

How to sharpen a hacksaw for wood

To sharpen a hacksaw for wood, the blade should be secured in a vice in the same way. To sharpen saw links, needle files or triangular files with a fine notch are used. Not many people know how to properly sharpen a saw on wood, so you should pay as much attention as possible to this process.

1. First you need to pick up a file. You should use a finely cut file, hold it with one hand on the handle and the other on the tip of the tool.
2. The sharpening angle is determined, which usually ranges from 15 to 30 degrees. The angle is usually determined by eye, but if this is difficult to do, you can use special homemade devices, for example, a wooden block. To do this, the block is ground until it has the shape of a right triangle with angles of 30 and 60 degrees.
3. The most important thing when working with a file is the pressure on it. To ensure an even sharpening, you need to make the same number of passes with the file on each tooth. With experience, you will learn to ensure that the top layer of metal is removed evenly.
4. Using the prepared device, sharpening angles are controlled. The process is carried out in a similar way on the reverse side of the canvas.

Now you know how to properly sharpen the teeth of a hacksaw blade for wood. But the process does not end there, since the teeth will need to be aligned in height. If they have different heights, the uniformity of sawing will be disrupted.

If there are links that are higher than the rest, then they are shortened using the same file. The check is carried out using a sheet of paper, to which the blade should be attached with the teeth down.

After this, the sizes are compared and the shortening procedure is repeated.

How to sharpen a saw: practical recommendations

When carrying out work on sharpening a hacksaw, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

1. The device is tightly fixed to the work surface in a vice.
2. Ensuring good lighting of the workplace.
3. To sharpen the links, files and needle files with different notches are used. The smaller the notch, the better. It all depends on the degree of dullness of the teeth.
4. Metal removal is carried out only when the file moves away from itself in one direction.
5. After the work is completed, it is necessary to check the quality. To do this, look at each link in the light. If the tooth shines, then it is sharpened correctly, as in the photo below.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that many craftsmen do not consider it necessary to sharpen a hacksaw. This is wrong, since the efficiency of the work depends on the quality of sharpening.

How to sharpen a wood hacksaw yourself Link to main publication

Source: https://InstrumentyvDom.ru/ruchnoj/kak-natochit-nozhovku-po-derevu

Sharpening band saws for wood: maintaining the angle, making a set, sharpening on a machine and manually

A band saw is a closed-type cutting tool used on sawmill equipment.

The undoubted advantages of these elements are high productivity and minimal production waste. It is possible that when sawing ordinary boards, the latter fact does not play a significant role, but when it comes to processing valuable wood, the width of the cut and the quality of the cut directly affect the economic benefit.

Proper sharpening of a wood band saw is a guarantee of production efficiency and tool durability. Typically, such services are provided by specialized companies, but if you know the procedure and subtleties of the procedure, you can sharpen a dull saw yourself.

Characteristics

Band saws have three distinctive features. They are made only from special grades of tool steel, which ensures high strength and wear resistance of the teeth. Russian manufacturers usually use steel categories 9ХФ and В2Ф, foreign companies prefer the C75 series. In any case, the hardness of the material must be at least 45 HRS.

The cutting width of a band saw blade is much narrower than that of its circular saw counterparts. As mentioned above, this is a fundamental factor when processing valuable wood and industrial wood.

Saws can easily handle workpieces of any length and diameter. At the same time, a properly sharpened band saw ensures high production productivity.

It should be clarified that the reliability of closed saws is explained by the heterogeneity of the material used to make the blade.

In particular, the body of the sawing tool is usually made of spring steel, which has incredible resistance to tension and dynamic loads. The cutting edge is made from steel grades with a high content of tungsten and cobalt. The individual parts of the fabric are welded together by high-frequency currents. Tools made using this technology can be used for sawing metal.

What you need to know about tooth sharpening angles

The geometry of band saw teeth can vary depending on the characteristics of the material being processed. This is expressed in the shape of the tooth and the distance between the individual elements of the cutting edge.

The profile of the band saw is determined by the markings applied by the manufacturer. It looks like this:

• WM is a universal option designed for sawing soft and hard wood;
• AV – used for longitudinal cutting and sawing of hard materials, such as frozen wood;
• NV – has a narrow blade width, therefore ideal for figure cutting;
• NU – cutting edge with a wide tooth pitch, which ensures high performance when sawing soft wood;
• PV is almost a complete analogue of the previous blade, but has a flattened tooth shape;
• KV – profile is used for wide band saws intended for soft wood;
• PU – wide saw for sawing hardwood.

The tooth pitch is selected individually, depending on the material. For example, only fine-tooth blades are used to cut hardwood and metal to avoid damaging the cutting edge. Soft raw materials and thick-walled materials are processed with saws with a large distance between the teeth, which speeds up the production process.

How to sharpen a band saw correctly

Let us immediately note that if you do not have the experience and skills to perform such work, it is better to entrust saw sharpening to professionals. Violation of the geometry of the teeth of the cutting edge, the appearance of scale on the metal or incorrect routing significantly reduces the service life of the blade.

Having decided to sharpen a band saw with your own hands, it would be useful to first familiarize yourself with the key definitions, the knowledge of which may be required during the work process. So, for the correct formation of the cutting edge you will need:

• setting - deviation of the teeth from the plane of the main saw blade;
• tooth height - the distance between the top point and the base;
• pitch - the distance between the teeth, usually varies between 19-25 mm.
• sharpening angle – depends on the intended purpose of the tool; for example, the recommended sharpening angle for carpenter saws is 35°, for dividing saws – 18-22, for sawing timber – no more than 15°.

The sharpening angle is determined by the manufacturer, so when you edit the saw yourself, it is recommended to adhere to these parameters.

We provide detailed instructions that will help you sharpen a closed saw correctly without resorting to the services of specialists.

Wiring

Setting up band saws for wood is the first stage of restoring the profile of the cutting edge. During operation, the arrangement of the teeth may change, so until the correct geometry is achieved, there is no point in sharpening the saw part.

There are 3 ways to split the saw:

• classic - the teeth alternately deviate to the right and left;
• stripping - the 1st and 2nd teeth deviate in different directions, the third remains straight. This profile is created for sawing hard materials;
• wavy - the most complex option, resembling a wave in shape. Here, each tooth is given an individual shape, and this type of setting is usually performed only in specialized workshops.

It should be noted that when setting, not the entire tooth is bent around, but about 2/3 of the upper part. The procedure is performed on a special machine for setting band saws. The cost of such a tool is quite high, so it is bought if you need to set up several tools. Its presence can become the basis of a sharpening business.



Of course, it may not be possible to do everything correctly the first time, even on an adjusting machine, so at a minimum the profile geometry should remain the same as before the work began.

Common mistakes

If a person tries to sharpen a saw for the first time, it is difficult for him to fulfill all the requirements and remember the nuances of the technological process. However, violation of these rules leads to the fact that the efficiency of using a band saw is noticeably reduced, the load on the blade increases, which leads to premature rupture.

Professionals recommend avoiding the following mistakes:

• during mechanical sharpening, the abrasive stone is positioned incorrectly relative to the saw profile. In this case, the sharpening of the teeth will be uneven;
• excessive force when contacting the saw and the grinding wheel. As a result, the metal overheats, scale appears, which leads to premature wear of the cutting edge;
• burrs remain on the canvas. After sharpening, all roughness must be eliminated, otherwise microscopic cracks will appear on the metal during operation;
• using your own sharpening angles. Many inexperienced craftsmen believe that only sharpness is important for saw teeth, so they shamelessly violate the geometry of the cutting edge profile recommended by the manufacturer. It is important to understand that the shape of the tooth has been tested over the years; it is useless to try to experiment here.



Instead of a conclusion, we will add that each band saw has a certain resource, so the blade cannot be sharpened indefinitely. Manufacturers guarantee correct operation of the tool until the total width of the blade is reduced to 65% of the original size.

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Source: https://DrevoGid.com/instrumenty/pily/zatochka-lentochnoj.html

How to sharpen a hacksaw on wood using a file

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Despite the widespread use of circular saws, reciprocating saws and jigsaws, the traditional hacksaw remains in every household's workshop. For a small amount of work or in hard-to-reach places where you can’t reach with a power tool, a hand saw still comes in handy. In order for a tool to work with sufficient productivity, accuracy and quality, it must be sharpened on time.

How to determine when it's time to sharpen a hacksaw

An experienced carpenter can determine when it’s time to sharpen the saw by the following signs:

• the sound of cutting wood changes;
• the teeth change shade.

A number of signs are also available to less experienced people:

• increased material resistance;
• it is difficult to maintain the perpendicularity of the cut;
• the blade does not adhere well to the cutting line, the line deviates or bends;
• the blade becomes wedged in the wood.

Before sharpening the saw, it is necessary to spread the teeth, that is, to ensure that they are deviated from the plane of the blade at a certain angle.

Properly spaced teeth ensure that the cut is wide enough to prevent the blade from getting stuck in the material.

If the teeth are too far apart, the cutting width will be too large, which will increase material loss, broaching force, and also reduce accuracy.
If you sharpen a wood saw correctly, it will restore its working qualities.

During sharpening, the following geometric characteristics of the teeth are restored:

• step;
• height;
• profile angle;
• bevel angle of cutting edges.

Important: Blades with hardened teeth cannot be sharpened. They are easy to distinguish - they are black with a blue tint. Regular blades can (and should) be sharpened in a timely manner.

Requirements for hacksaw wiring

The width of the tooth tips corresponds to the width of the cut. It was experimentally established that the best width of the layout exceeds the thickness of the blade by one and a half to two times for hard types of wood and two to three times for softer ones. Considering the most popular saw thickness for wood is one millimeter, we get a spread of up to half a millimeter for hard varieties and up to a millimeter for soft ones.

Saw teeth of various shapes

When setting, it is also very important that all teeth bend at equal angles. Teeth that are set wider than others will increase drawing resistance and wear out quickly. Teeth that are set apart further than the rest will not participate in the sawing process, and their tips will slow down the broaching and reduce its uniformity, making work difficult.

Attention: the teeth are bent starting from the middle part. An attempt to bend the tooth at the base leads to a decrease in the strength of the blade and to its destruction.

How to sharpen a wood hacksaw with a file

To sharpen, the blade of a hand saw must be clamped between the plates of the equipment so that the teeth rise above them by one and a half to two centimeters. For different types of blades, sharpening a hacksaw for wood is carried out in its own way.

Fixing the file for sharpening the saw

To properly sharpen a cross-section hacksaw, the blade should be set at 45°. The file should be selected with a triangular cross-section profile.
To ensure proper sharpening quality, the following sequence of actions must be followed:

• sharpen the left edges of the even (farthest from the master) teeth;
• turn the canvas over;
• sharpen the left edges of the even teeth;
• form sharp cutting edges and pointed tooth tips

Proper sharpening of a hacksaw

To sharpen a longitudinal or universal hacksaw, it should be secured at an angle of 90°. Here you will need a file with a diamond-shaped cross-section. The file moves in the plane of the work table. The sequence of sharpening the teeth is the same as for cross saws.

During work, burrs usually appear on unsharpened edges, larger or smaller depending on the thickness of the hacksaw blade. They should be smoothed with a “velvet” file or an abrasive stone of minimal grit.

The quality of sharpening can be checked in two ways:

• To the touch. The sharpness should be felt, but no burrs should be felt.
• By color. On properly sharpened edges, no glare appears when illuminated.

The quality is also checked by trial cutting. The hacksaw should not be pulled to the side; the cutting surface should be smooth, without loose wood fibers.

How to set the teeth of a wood hacksaw

A saw is often used to process wooden blanks and change length and shape. This tool is represented by a combination of a working part and a handle.

In this case, the working part is represented by a metal plate with cutting elements, which are located in a certain sequence relative to each other. Only with proper and timely maintenance can the possibility of product wear be eliminated.

An example is the setting of the teeth, which is performed from time to time to ensure smooth movement of the tool along the resulting cut.

Device for setting saw teeth

Setting the cutting edge in different directions eliminates the possibility of the blade getting stuck during operation. An example is the case when, when cutting a thick log, the blade cannot be moved and removed. Also, the saw can jam due to the heating of the metal and its expansion, the hot part can heat the resin and turn it into a kind of glue.

You should use a tool for setting the teeth of hacksaws in order to avoid such problems. Do not forget that mistakes made during work can lead to even bigger problems. The procedure in question can be carried out using the following tools:

1. There are special mechanisms. They allow you to manually shift individual elements relative to each other. It is worth considering that this version is manufactured for specific products.
2. Mechanical wiring is most often used. They allow you to change the angle of position, as well as their width. This tool is characterized by higher efficiency in use.
3. The improvised version is not intended for working with a hacksaw on wood, but can be used for this purpose. An example is pliers and other improvised tools found in almost every workshop.

If sawing is carried out frequently, then experts recommend purchasing a special device that allows you to quickly set the required angle.

How to properly spread the teeth of a hacksaw?

A fairly common question is how to set the teeth of a hacksaw on wood. If they are offset in one line, the cut is narrow and the working part gets stuck in one place. In this case, the metal quickly heats up, due to which it begins to expand. In order to set the teeth efficiently, it is recommended to use special mechanisms. Recommendations for the work being carried out are as follows:

1. The saw is clamped in a vice for secure fixation. You can eliminate the possibility of damage to the working part by using plywood as a lining.
2. All cutting elements are bent one at a time to the recommended angle.

When considering how to make a cut on a hacksaw, we note that several elements deflected at a larger angle can make sawing more difficult.

Setting teeth at home

Today, at home, you almost never find special devices designed for servicing hacksaws for metal. However, even in its absence, it is possible to carry out the work with improvised tools. The recommendations are as follows:

1. To begin with, the hacksaw must be securely fastened in a vice. This is due to the fact that bending requires a lot of force.
2. You can bend it using pliers. In order to maintain the correct angle, you must first create a template.
3. You cannot skip more than one element of the cutting edge. In this case, attention should be paid to the condition of the surface, since identified defects indicate that the wood hacksaw cannot be used.

Even at home, in the absence of a special mechanism, you can carry out the correct wiring and significantly extend the service life of the wood saw. In this case, it is important to maintain the required angle, since a cut that is too wide causes a significant decrease in productivity, while a cut that is too narrow leads to heating of the working part and its severe wear.

Some companies provide services related to such work. Note that the cost of a special mechanism is relatively small, so it is best to purchase it and the procedure can be carried out repeatedly.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/tehnologii/kak-razvesti-zubya-u-nozhovki-po-derevu.html

How to sharpen and sharpen a hand saw

18.02.17

When working with wood, a tool such as a handsaw or hacksaw is often used. Over time, the blade wears out, making the sawing process more difficult. In this case, it is necessary to set the saw apart. This procedure consists in the fact that the teeth are bent in different directions manually or automatically.

Hand saw wiring methods

This is best done on special equipment - an adjustable machine. Using an indicator, you can determine the correct deviation of the tooth, so the work can be done in a matter of minutes.

If the machine is difficult to find, you can open the hacksaw manually . However, performing the procedure will take a lot of effort and time, and besides, you cannot do without a special tool - wiring , which you can make on your own. It is a metal plate with a sawn groove 1.5 mm wide and 5 mm high. The saw is clamped in a vice and with this groove the tooth of the tool is grabbed and moved in the desired direction.

This must be done in a certain order . First, the teeth are deflected through one in one direction, then the rest in the other. In this case, there should be no distortions, and the teeth should be straightened symmetrically.

It is not the entire tooth that bends, but only its top (that is, its third part), otherwise it may break. The width of the setting should be equal to twice the thickness of the blade; if the teeth are set too wide, the hacksaw will be difficult to move, and too much wood will go into the sawdust.

In addition, if the tool is set incorrectly, the tool will “wedge” and an even cut will not work.

You can also open the saw using a screwdriver or chisel. The tool is placed between the teeth and rotated; before this, the saw should also be clamped in a vice.

How to sharpen a hand saw

After cutting, the saw must be sharpened . This procedure does not require special equipment; you can get by with a regular triangular file. The sharpening technique with this tool is as follows. The file is taken by the handle with one hand, by the tip of the tool with the other and moved away from you, pressing the teeth smoothly and evenly, then in the opposite direction without touching the teeth. The teeth of a hand saw must be sharpened on both sides, from the top to the bottom.

After sharpening, burrs may form on the edges of the teeth, which will negatively affect the operation of the tool by chipping and dulling the teeth. They must be removed using a fine-notched file.

During operation, the saw becomes dull, so sometimes the teeth are sharpened with an emery block. Constant sharpening evens out the setting so that the saw remains in working condition; the setting of the teeth must be repeated periodically. However, major setting and sharpening of the teeth is not required too often.

Hand saw care

You need to be able to not only trim and sharpen a saw, but equally important is its proper storage. When the saw is not used for a long time, it should be kept in a dry and warm room, otherwise, if moisture gets on it, it may rust. Even if the tool is treated with special means, this will not guarantee that it will not be subject to corrosion.

Source: https://kremonty.ru/materialy-i-oborudovanie/kak-razvesti-i-zatochit-ruchnuyu-pilu/

How to sharpen a hacksaw

› Carpentry and plumbing section ›

The question “How to sharpen a hacksaw with your own hands?” does not lose its relevance, despite the presence of modern power tools in every home.

The saw is needed on the farm, indispensable on vacation, and is used for cutting boards, logs, and chipboards.

It is also necessary for construction, carpentry and installation work; in the garden and workshop.

In the city, in the country or in the garage - everyone has this time-tested tool.

How to sharpen a hacksaw yourself

A hacksaw for wood is one of the “eternal” values.

But, in order for a hand saw to always perform its functions, it must be sharpened correctly.

This is where basic knowledge about the type of cutting edge and its features will come in handy.

Of the existing methods, we will consider the safest and most popular ones, using available tools and available for home use.

Hacksaw tooth shape

According to GOST 26215, adopted in the USSR back in 1984, hacksaw teeth have a configuration depending on the type of blade:

• for cross cutting - in the form of an isosceles triangle or with one cutting edge; • for longitudinal cutting - in the form of an oblique triangle;

• for universal – in the shape of an inclined or right triangle.

Each type has its own secrets and rules on how to sharpen a cutting edge.

Why sharpen and when?

With constant use, the teeth lose their sharpness, the cutting edges wear out, deteriorating the quality of the cut and increasing the time it takes to complete the task.

Buying a new one will not correct the situation for long, and it will take no more than half an hour to restore the old canvas.

Timely sharpening of the hacksaw will restore the cutting ability of the incisors, and will always allow you to have a working tool at hand.

It is worth correcting the sharpness of the cutting edges at the first signs of wear, which can affect local areas and the entire working surface.

The dimensions of the cutter set also change, and this leads to jamming during operation.

How to determine when it’s time to sharpen a hacksaw?

How to determine when it's time to sharpen the teeth of the tool.

An experienced owner knows when and how to sharpen a hacksaw, but it is not difficult for the average person to determine this point on their own. As a rule, the sound produced during operation and the uniformity of the color of the cutting edge change.

Sharp cutters are characterized by uniform wear of the cutting edge.

The following signs indicate the need to “correct” the saw:

• sawing is difficult and uneven; • the cut is uneven; • the blade often gets stuck;

• it becomes difficult to maintain a given trajectory.

In addition, a dull hacksaw often gets stuck and requires a lot of effort to complete the process.

How to sharpen a hacksaw with your own hands

How to sharpen a hacksaw yourself if the need arises?

First you need to decide what material the work cloth is made of.

Ordinary steel can be corrected independently, but teeth with pobeditovy tips can only be processed on specialized industrial machines.

Some craftsmen, at their own peril and risk, undertake to sharpen a hacksaw using a grinder - but this is an unreliable and dangerous method.

To tidy up an ordinary manual hacksaw for wood at home, you will need to determine the shape of the teeth, prepare everything you need, and be sure to follow safety precautions.

The old-fashioned way of sharpening

The method of sharpening hand saws with your own hands has not changed much since the time of our ancestors.

Below watch a video of how this was done “on your knees” using a needle file and pliers:

How to properly sharpen a hacksaw with a file

Using a file is still relevant today, so let’s try to figure out how to properly sharpen a hacksaw at home.

Let's start by installing the canvas.

It must be secured, as already mentioned above, in a clamp or vice.

The jaws of the vice must be made of wood, with the width of the “jaws” not less than 200 mm.

The movement of the file should be uniform, and pressure on the teeth should only be applied when moving “forward”.

It is necessary to move the hand with the tool to the starting point freely, without force on the incisors.

In one working pass, a uniform layer of metal is removed, this will preserve the pitch, height and profile of the edge.

The sharpness of the cutter can be reduced due to the formation of burrs on the surface and irregularities after passing the abrasive.

A file cannot sharpen a hacksaw perfectly, but you can get high quality - after sharpening, the smallest file or needle file and whetstone will come in handy.

Burrs are removed by selective grinding with a fine abrasive, and the edges are leveled with a wet whetstone along the side base of the blade.

When you set out to sharpen a hacksaw correctly, pay attention to maintaining the tops of the teeth.

The same height of the cutters and correct setting affect the wear resistance of the tool and the quality of the cut.

Hacksaw teeth set

The movement of the blade must be free, for which the saw teeth are set apart by the same amount.

To reduce the coefficient of friction and the clamping of the hacksaw in the cut, its width must be greater than the thickness of the working blade, otherwise the metal heats up and expands, which leads to the saw jamming.

The teeth of the hacksaw are set by bending the cutters to the sides.

Using pliers does not allow you to obtain the same angle of inclination - with such a tool you can only cut firewood.

To spread the cutters evenly and get an even, neat cut, use a homemade device for setting the teeth.

To make it, you need a metal die of arbitrary shape with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

In a simple version, several slits are made to indicate the thickness of the canvas.

The tooth is grabbed into the hole and bent until the selected stop is reached.

In the second version, a cut is cut into the plank with a metal file, and two holes are drilled to install the limiter.

Rotating the sector to the sides allows you to adjust the bend angle.

The figure shows a simple model and wiring with a stop.

The design of the device is intuitively easy to manufacture and use.

It is necessary to take into account that the width of the bend has its own parameters.

Requirements for the setting of hacksaw teeth

When bending the cutters one at a time on both sides of the canvas, maintain a certain value that can be set on a homemade device.

The width of the wiring depends on the type of wood.

Soft and damp wood requires a larger angle of inclination than dry wood.

As a rule, hand tools work effectively with an average value of 0.2-0.3 mm.

At the same time, the total value should not exceed the width of the canvas.

In addition, the same nature of the bend on each side is observed.

The wiring for the hacksaw is checked visually or using a caliper.

Pay attention to the size of the tooth - the height of the incisor is especially important.

Leveling the height of the links

All teeth must be the same height.

An uneven edge results in uneven loading and significantly reduces work efficiency.

Checking the height of the hacksaw teeth

It is necessary to check the height of the teeth before sharpening the tool.

To do this, place a sheet of plain paper on a hard and flat surface, and press the cutters tightly until a clear imprint is obtained.

If there are teeth protruding from the general row, traces of them will be reflected on the print.

If there are higher teeth, they are carefully cut down with a flat file to the general level.

How to check the quality of a sharpened hacksaw?

Except in a practical way, the smoothness of the metal can be assessed visually - the sharp edge does not give glare when light is reflected, and tactilely gently touching the edges of the teeth with your hand.

For a novice craftsman, the first attempt may seem difficult, but a working tool is worth it.

With a little practice, you will be able to offer your own ideas on how to sharpen a hacksaw with your own hands.

How to sharpen a hacksaw Link to main publication

Source: https://instrumentn.ru/stolyarno-slesarnyj-razdel/kak-natochit-nozhovku

How to sharpen a hacksaw

When working with wood in various ways, a tool such as a hacksaw is actively used. Over time, the cutting surface of the tool wears out, and the process of sawing wood becomes more and more difficult. Wear of the working edge is as follows:

• the pointed tops of the teeth are rounded;
• their side cutting edges become dull.

As a result, the tool loses functionality and needs to be sharpened. 

How to determine when a hacksaw needs sharpening?

People with extensive experience can easily determine this moment by the sound made by the tool during operation, as well as by the change in color of the teeth. Beginners need to pay attention to the following signs:

• working with a hacksaw becomes difficult and requires great physical effort;
• it becomes very difficult to make perpendicular cuts in wood;
• it becomes difficult to hold the canvas along the line during operation, it begins to deviate in different directions;
• The hacksaw blade often jams.

Sharpening a hacksaw

For sharpening you will need the following tool:

• vice;
• hammer;
• calipers;
• pliers;
• emery block;
• sandpaper.

You should also have the following types of files in your arsenal:

• flat and diamond-shaped with a medium-sized notch;
• triangular file;
• triangular with velvet notch;
• needle files with notches of different calibers.

For sharpening, a special device is used that allows you to fix the blade at angles of 45 and 90 degrees.
If you need to sharpen a cross saw, proceed as follows:

• the canvas is fixed at an angle of 45 degrees;
• sharpening is carried out with a triangular file with an apex angle of 60 degrees;
• the file is directed onto the hacksaw tooth at an angle of 60 to 75 degrees;
• first, with several movements of the file away from you, the left edges of the odd teeth are processed;
• After this, the hacksaw is turned over and the left edges of the even teeth are processed.

When sharpening a longitudinal hacksaw, proceed as follows:

• the canvas is fixed vertically;
• for sharpening, a rhombic file with a fine notch is used (needles can be used);
• during sharpening, the file is directed strictly parallel to the table;
• otherwise the process is similar to the previous one.

Burrs that appear on the edges of the teeth must be removed using an emery block or a file with a velvet cut.

The process of sharpening a saw for the first time is quite difficult, so it is better to carry it out in complete silence and with maximum concentration. It’s worth doing this a few times, and then things will become habitual and go “like clockwork.”

Source: http://diskmag.ru/instrument/kak-zatochit-nozhovku.html