How to weld correctly with TIG welding

Features and benefits of TIG welding

Argon arc TIG welding (or simply TIG welding) is very popular among professional welders. It is widely used not only in large industries, but also in small workshops, for example, car services.

It's all about the versatility of this technology: you can easily weld both a thin, aesthetic seam and completely melt thick joints of parts. You also don't have to worry about welding copper, aluminum or stainless steel. But it's not that simple.

This technology has a number of nuances that need to be taken into account before welding.

In this article we will explain in detail what argon arc tig welding is, what advantages and disadvantages this technology has, how to properly weld tig welding and what equipment is needed for the work.

general information

What is automatic TIG welding or manual TIG welding? Let's start with the acronym itself. TIG stands for “tungsten –Inertgasschweißen” (adaptive translation for “tungsten-protective inert gas”). This abbreviation contains the whole essence of this welding method: the work uses a tungsten electrode and shielding gases.

The tungsten electrode is a key component of TIG welding. It has unique properties: it melts at a relatively low temperature (about 3500 degrees Celsius), so it can be used without problems with all types of aluminum and steel. In this case, the “melting” is nominal.

The electrode itself is considered non-consumable, which means that it must be sharpened periodically to keep the arc stable and easier to draw.

The rod itself is fixed in the burner, and there is no need to worry about the length of the electrode, since the unused length is in a special cap.

At the end of the torch there is a nozzle in which the electrode is held, and protective gas is supplied around the torch using a special button. In most cases, argon gas is used as protection. If argon is not used, oxygen will enter the weld pool and the quality of the weld will be unsatisfactory. The connection will be porous and fragile, and the formation of cracks is possible. Gas prevents all these problems.

The arc needs to be ignited. It will melt the pre-cut edges. If it is possible to place the parts as close to each other as possible, then this is good. The seam will be very reliable and airtight. If there is work with gaps or it is necessary to weld an extremely strong seam that can withstand significant mechanical loads, then welders use filler wire.

As a filler material, you need to use a wire made of the same metal that needs to be welded. Using this technology, you can easily weld aluminum, which beginners usually have a lot of problems with.

At high temperatures, an oxide film forms on the surface of aluminum, which prevents the formation of a high-quality seam. In the worst cases, the film simply prevents you from creating a weld pool and making a seam.

Tig welding can solve this problem because the shielding gas prevents a film from forming on the surface of the metal.

Application

TIG welding with blowing has become widespread also because the arc temperature is quite high. Thanks to this feature, the welder can join both carbon steel and non-ferrous metal. At the same time, the quality of the seam will be at a decent level. You can work with cast iron, aluminum and its alloys, titanium and other metals. The seams obtained when tig welding stainless steel are especially aesthetically pleasing. The seam is immediately clean; it does not need to be cleaned of slag or splashes.

All these advantages of TIG welding allow this technology to find application in the factories of large automobile concerns, in the food business, in the chemical and oil refining industries, in many private car services and car service stations.

Advantages

In addition to all the advantages listed above, there are a number of advantages that cannot be ignored. All of them are connected, of course, with the use of tungsten rods and inert gases. So, the pros:

• Despite the high temperature, there is minimal metal deformation during welding due to the narrow heating zone.
• Argon gas is heavier than oxygen, so air is easily displaced from the welding zone.
• The work is carried out quickly, it is not difficult to learn, even a master without high qualifications can do welding.
• The welded joint is very neat and smooth; no mechanical treatment of the seam is required.
• You can weld many metals, including problematic ones (like aluminum).
• Significantly less negative impact on the environment.

Flaws

Argon welding is good for everyone, but our article is objective, so we’ll also talk about the disadvantages:

• Welding outdoors in windy weather is difficult, since gas is literally blown out of the welding zone (the problem can be solved by installing windproof shields, but gas consumption will increase significantly).
• Unlike other types of welding, tig welding requires careful preparation of the metal. The edges must be cleaned, there should be no traces of oil or dirt, the surfaces must be degreased. If you ignore this stage, the seam will turn out porous and of poor quality.
• The burner is designed in such a way that working in a hard-to-reach place can become a real problem. Experts suggest increasing the overhang of the rod or cutting off the electrode, but all this leads to overheating or other troubles.
• If you use the “TIG lift” function in your machine and ignite the arc outside the welding zone, marks may form on the surface of the metal that must then be cleaned. But this is rather a disadvantage associated with the inexperience of the welder.

How to cook with TIG welding

Remember the most important thing: 50% of success is the correct TIG mode. The extent to which your efforts in selecting an electrode will be justified depends on this. But we will talk about these features later. First, let's talk about metal preparation.

Clean the edges from dirt, paint, oil and corrosion (if any). Even if you think the edges don't need cleaning, don't skip this step. Then you need to select the current strength. How well the metal melts will depend on this. Below is a table with recommendations for setting the current strength.

Then you need to set the polarity. If you work on direct current, then use straight polarity. If you have to tig weld with alternating current, then reverse the polarity.

You also need to sharpen the electrode well. The end of the electrode should be polished. If you need to weld thin metal, then special electrodes for thin metal are selected, which are then sharpened to a sharp point. If you are welding thick metal, you can change the sharpening angle.

To ignite an arc, you can run an electrode over the metal surface (strike method, similar to matches), you can turn on the TIG lift function, which simplifies ignition of the arc, or use the non-contact ignition method. We recommend using the third method, but it is only available when working with professional, expensive devices.

Now let’s talk a little about the equipment that you will definitely need if you decide to engage in this type of welding professionally. To get started, purchase or find out if your workplace has a machine that has different TIG welding modes, a ground cable, a gas cylinder and a reducer. It is very important.

It would also be a good idea to find out what kind of burner is used in your machine. There are two types: the first is used when working with thin metals (up to 3 millimeters), the second, respectively, for all other metals.

The torch for thin metals has low power, so it is more convenient to work with, and it cools down quickly. But the second type of burner needs an additional cooling system.

For example, a water cooling system, when a tube is built into the burner to supply cold water and alcohol so that the water does not freeze when the cooling system is not used for a long time.

Instead of a conclusion

Tig welding is a technologically advanced and modern welding method that opens up new opportunities even for an experienced craftsman. Argon welding using a tungsten electrode or filler wire allows you to weld different types of metals, from thin to thick. You have access to fast and high-quality welding of copper, aluminum, cast iron and titanium. You no longer need to spend a lot of time trying to solve all the problems associated with the characteristics of each metal.

TIG welding is the choice of professionals in their field. This technology is in demand in many areas of human activity and professionals with knowledge of this technology are constantly required. By applying our recommendations in your work, you will be able to start welding and successfully complete it. But don’t stop there, study as much theory as possible and then apply it in practice. We wish you good luck in your work!


Source: https://svarkaed.ru/svarka/vidy-i-sposoby-svarki/gazovaya-i-gazozashhitnaya-svarka/osobennosti-i-preimushhestva-tig-svarki.html

Argon arc welding

Hello dear readers!

In this article, we will look at the device and process of TIG welding in clear language.

When it comes to auto body repair, TIG welding is mostly associated with repairing aluminum vehicle bodies. In addition to aluminum, any other metal can be joined by such welding, including different types of metals can be welded into one part. Let's look at the device, operating principle and some details of the application of this type of welding.

TIG welding is a manual process that requires the welder to use both hands. What sets TIG apart from other types of welding is how the arc is created and how the filler material is applied. With one hand, the welder holds the torch, which creates the arc, and with the other, he supplies the filler metal to the weld joint.

Due to the fact that you have to use both hands, this welding is considered the most difficult to learn, but it is also considered the most versatile, as it can be used even when welding different metals. The process is quite slow, but if used correctly, the result is a high quality seam.

Typically, TIG welding is used if you need to weld something unusual, different from steel, and where you need a neat, thin seam.

TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas Welding) translates as Tungsten Electrode Welding in an Inert Gas Environment. The full and more correct name of TIG is Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW, Tungsten Arc Welding in a shielding gas environment).

This welding was first introduced in the 1940s and was used with Helium as the shielding gas.

Why is Tungsten used for welding?

Tungsten is a very hard, slightly radioactive and brittle metal. Its use is limited compared to other metals. In TIG welding, Tungsten is used as a non-consumable electrode which is used to create the arc. It heats up to 6000 degrees Celsius. Its high melting point and good electrical conductivity prevent it from burning.

How does TIG welding work?

This type of welding requires three things: high temperature, shielding gas, and filler metal. The high temperature is achieved by electricity passing through the tungsten electrode and creating an arc with the metal. The gas comes from a cylinder and flows to the welding site to protect the seam from exposure to air. Filler metal is a wire that is fed into the arc by the welder and melts.

The process occurs in the following sequence: first, the welder opens the gas, then the electrode is brought to the connection of the parts being welded at a sufficient distance so as not to touch the metal, then the pedal is pressed and a welding arc is formed.

The metal of the parts being welded begins to melt, and the welder with his second hand begins to push the filler wire into the zone of the welding arc, which melts and fills the welding joint.

TIG welding is similar to stick welding. The TIG welding electrode holder sleeve can be installed on an arc welder and this design will work as TIG.

The welding arc in TIG welding can be formed in the same way as in electric arc welding with electrodes, but more often TIG machines have a “high frequency start” function. This allows you to avoid touching the metal to create the welding arc. As soon as power is applied to the electrode, an arc is formed at a distance of up to 2.5 cm from the metal.

This is done due to a short moment of high voltage, which helps to overcome the distance to the metal and create an electric arc. Immediately after the arc is formed, the voltage drops to the value set on the device. Thus, the tungsten electrode does not receive physical impact and does not wear out.

Shielding gas for TIG welding

Shielding gas protects the welding area from air. Argon/Ar and Helium/He can be used. Argon is most often used. Since these gases are inert, they do not change the characteristics of the weld. Three types of gas mixtures are less commonly used.

The first is Argon and Hydrogen, the second is Argon and Nitrogen, the third is Argon and Helium. Argon mixed with Helium is used when welding thick metals for better penetration of the seam. Pure Argon works well for most welding applications.

Types of Tungsten Electrodes

Tungsten is the main ingredient that makes up the TIG welding electrode. Sometimes a small percentage of other metals are added to improve the characteristics of the welding arc created by the electrode. Cerium, Lanthanum, Zirconium are added.

Electrodes come in different diameters and have different end shapes. The characteristics of the welding arc created depend on the shape of the end. The end of the electrode must be shaped manually.

A sharp “tip” is used for welding steel. The end can be given this shape using a fine-grained grinding wheel or a special sharpening device for Tungsten electrodes.

An electrode with a rounded “tip” is usually used for welding aluminum and magnesium. To get this shape, you need to create a welding arc, if possible over copper (but other metal is also possible).

The shielding gas should be Argon. The welding machine is adjusted in a certain way so that the tungsten electrode begins to melt and a drop forms at its end.

When the drop forms in the form of a small ball, you need to stop the welding arc.

Preparing metal for TIG welding

Metal preparation is especially important when TIG welding. It should be free of rust, oxidation, scale, paint residues, oil and other contaminants. There should only be pure metal. It must be cleaned by physical means, or chemical acid cleaners in the case of aluminum welding.

Setting up a TIG welding machine

There are two main settings of the device - changing the current strength and adjusting the flow of shielding gas. The current setting depends on the type of metal and its thickness. The flow of shielding gas is adjusted depending on the environmental conditions, the type of metal and the socket of the electrode holder.

Aluminum welding

For welding aluminum, an electrode made of pure Tungsten or Tungsten with the addition of Cerconium is used. It is required that its tip be prepared in the shape of a small ball (see above). The unit must be set to A/C (alternating current).

It is required that the welding arc be created remotely ("high frequency start" function). 100% Argon is used as a shielding gas. With the correct settings of the welding machine and the selection of a suitable electrode, you can weld aluminum sheets of any thickness.

As you can see in the photo below, the seam is obtained with high decorative and strength characteristics.

TIG welding process

It is better for beginners to learn how to weld using TIG welding, starting with 2 - 3 mm steel. When welding, it is necessary to control the distance between the electrode and the metal being welded. To do this you need to take a stable position. The electrode is located approximately 20 degrees from the vertical position.

The distance between the electrode and the metal should be from 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the electrode. If, for example, an electrode with a diameter of 1.6 mm is used, then the distance will be approximately 2 mm.

Before starting welding, you need to slowly move your hand over the surface, controlling the angle of the electrode and the distance to understand that nothing is in the way.

Start by forming a welding arc. The length of the arc affects the heat in the welding area. The larger the arc, the greater the heating. Feel how it acts on the metal, melting it. Try welding without filler metal first.

After understanding the entire process, start adding filler wire to the welding area. The filler metal must be fed correctly and melted by the metal being welded, not by the welding arc.

It must be supplied close to the arc and within the range of the shielding gas.

In conclusion, we can say that TIG welding, despite the initial difficulty of mastering, is considered one of the most versatile types of welding, producing a high-quality weld.

[adsp-pro‑4]

Print article

Source: https://kuzov.info/argonno-dugovaya-svarka-tig/

Features and benefits of TIG welding technology

Among modern types of reliable connections of metal structures, the TIG welding method stands out, which is used in mechanical engineering, when repairing cars at service stations, as well as in many other enterprises when it is necessary to weld parts of different configurations. After such exposure, neat seams remain that do not spoil the appearance of the product, but maintain its strength.

Application in production

This progressive type of welding is widely used due to the high arc temperature, which allows high-quality joining of carbon steels and non-ferrous metals. The performer can process products made of cast iron, aluminum and their alloys, and cook refractory metals with equal confidence . When welding stainless steel structures, aesthetically pleasing seam joints are obtained that do not require additional processing.

Automotive concerns, manufacturers of rocket and aircraft equipment, the food and oil refining industries are all interested in purchasing similar equipment because of its reliability and welding quality.

Advantages and disadvantages

TIG welding has many advantages in its arsenal:

1. When heated, the metal deforms minimally.
2. Argon is much heavier than the oxygen molecules contained in the air, so it displaces them from the weld pool, preventing oxidation.
3. All types of work are not difficult to perform; the performer, even without much experience, quickly copes with the task.
4. The seam is smooth and neat, no further processing is required.
5. Refractory metals and aluminum structures, which are considered problematic in production, are easily connected.
6. Minimal negative impact on the environment.

Welding TIG also has a number of negative properties:

• it cannot be used outdoors with gusts of wind, since the inert gas is blown out of the weld pool;
• careful preliminary preparation of the edges of parts is required;
• problems with welding in hard-to-reach places due to the design of the torch.

Beginners often ask the question - what is this name TIG lift, this function of igniting an arc when the electrode touches the metal and then is retracted to the distance required for high-quality welding . At the moment of retraction, the welding arc is excited, but a mark remains on the surface that must be cleaned after completion of the work.

Execution technology

Before starting work, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the welded joints, since foreign impurities can disrupt the integrity of the seam, negatively affecting the quality.

To select the current strength, there are special tables, which for ease of use are placed on the front side of the devices. The optimal length of the welding arc is no more than three and no less than one and a half millimeters. When welding by butt welding, its output is no more than 5 mm, and when connecting corner structures - up to 8 mm.

Features of the package

It is quite simple: you need a device to connect the mass and the burner - durable hoses, a reducer that provides regulation of the shielding gas pressure and is installed on a gas cylinder. There are two types of burners used:

1. No. 1 - metals with a thickness of no more than 3 mm.
2. No. 2 - for thicker structures.

The current value in the first option is not so large, so the body quickly cools down naturally; the second option uses water cooling: a mixture of alcohol-ethanol and distilled water circulates from the device to the burner, cooling the hose and body, and also protecting them from hypothermia in sub-zero weather .

Proper use of the inverter

When doing argon welding from an inverter with your own hands, it is useful for beginners to learn some nuances: first set the machine to the required amperage, connect the hoses . What matters is the type of current being connected, after which you need to adjust the gas supply, checking the table below.

Gas consumption, l/min	Metals
15—20	aluminum
10—12	copper
6—8	low alloy steel
12—14	magnesium alloys
10—12	Nickel alloys

The arc can now be activated and welding can begin, adding filler wire to improve weld quality.

We make the device at home

A simple way is to use a regular MMA inverter with parameters suitable for welding, but you need to modify it and reconfigure it . As a result, you get an inverter unit that allows you to weld metal with any type of current connected. You will need a set of hoses to connect a factory-made burner, an oscillator and a current delay unit.

The second option involves making all the components of the circuit yourself - this reduces financial costs, but the performer requires knowledge and high skills in assembly, manufacturing complex circuit boards and parts, as well as a lot of free time.

D.C

A minus is connected to the electrode, and a plus to the structure, this allows:

• increase the speed of the process;
• the weld pool is narrow and deep;
• increase the service life of non-consumable electrodes.

A similar mode is used for welding stainless and high-alloy steels.

Alternating current

This connection allows you to change the polarity during the process of joining metals, thereby destroying the oxide film. In this case, the following adjustments are made:

• by increasing the reverse polarity value, the performer improves the cleaning of the metal surface from oxidation;
• applying minus to the electrode increases metal penetration and the optimal depth of the weld pool.

The process is used for refractory alloys and non-ferrous metals.

Electrodes and their characteristics

When TIG welding, rods are used consisting of up to 99% durable tungsten , various additives help improve the seam joint. For example, WC-20 contain cerium oxides, are operated at low DC values, the arc is easily activated, such electrodes are used for welding small parts.

WL-20, due to lanthanum oxide, does not heat up as much during operation, so its service life is the longest. Electrodes of the WZ-8 brand containing zirconium oxide, work only when connected to alternating current, and are characterized by arc stability. And rods marked WY-20 are resistant to high currents due to the presence of yttrium oxide, and are used for welding particularly important structures.

Types of sharpening

The quality of the seam depends on the form of processing: direct current - the electrodes are sharpened into a cone with a flat area on the contact part, alternating current - the end is rounded. Periodically, the rod is polished to remove minor damage and sagging. If the length of the cone is short, then the width of the seam is similar; for optimal welding of the metal, use a sharpening length equal to two diameters of the electrode.

Common Mistakes

A decrease in the volume of the electrode occurs when the current strength is incorrectly adjusted and the gas pressure is insufficient , the supply of which continues for at least 10 seconds after the arc is deactivated. If the gas is turned off immediately, then oxidation of the heated rod occurs.

The electrode changes color due to the low supply rate of protective gas, and a poor-quality seam is obtained when water vapor enters due to a loose threaded connection of the hoses where cooling circulation occurs.

Safety precautions

Violations of safety rules lead to occupational diseases of performers, the emergence of preconditions for accidents and injuries at work. For large volumes of welding work, they must be carried out in special rooms or fenced off cabins, where ventilation is arranged to remove harmful gases.

During the construction of buildings, fenced areas are constructed, and the height of the shields must be at least two meters; welding in fire hazardous areas is carried out in strict compliance with fire safety requirements. Equipment in open areas is protected from precipitation by awnings or covered with a thick tarpaulin.

 When welding non-ferrous metals, a huge amount of harmful gases and dust is released, which negatively affects the health of welders, so it is necessary to ensure effective exhaust and fresh ventilation in the room. When equipping them, it must be taken into account that harmful impurities are removed from the welding site at an angle and in the direction opposite to the performer.

conclusions

The TIG technique is based on a technological method of welding various metals while protected from oxidation by neutral gases, with the participation of filler wire and a non-consumable tungsten electrode. Even a novice welder can easily connect ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as refractory alloys. The equipment allows for deep welding of various structures, but theoretical knowledge and professional skills are needed, as in any other profession.

Source: https://svarka.guru/vidy/thermo/dugovaya/tig.html

TIG welding: what is it, features and advantages

Argon TIG welding is very popular among both professionals and amateurs alike. It works wherever it is necessary to join metals: in factories; in workshops, garages and private yards.

The demand for devices is due to their versatility in operation. They will cope perfectly with the tasks of welding both thin sheets of metal and thick workpieces. If you need to connect elements made of non-ferrous metals, then this problem can also be solved. But the use of TIG welding requires knowledge of the nuances.

Otherwise, it will be almost impossible to get a good result.

What is TIG welding

It would be correct from the very beginning to decipher the abbreviation, in which the whole essence of the method is hidden. Translated from German, “Tungsten–InertGasschweißen” is nothing more than “tungsten inert gas welding.” Simply put, it is the joining of metals using tungsten electrodes in an inert gas environment.

The key element of the technology is the electrode, which begins to melt at a temperature of 3.5 thousand degrees Celsius. This is a very low indicator, which allows the use of tungsten electrodes in welding the vast majority of steel grades and aluminum alloys. The rod is considered non-melting. It only needs to be ground from time to time to get rid of scale and slag. Then it is much easier to ignite and hold the arc during operation.

The rod is installed directly into the burner, or more precisely, into the nozzle. Inert gas is supplied around the perimeter. Argon is most often used for these purposes. If there is no protective shell, then an influx of oxygen will form at the weld.

The metal will burn, and the quality of the weld will remain unsatisfactory. The inert gas blocks access to oxygen, preventing the formation of microcracks and voids inside the molten metal. Thanks to this, the seam becomes stronger and more monolithic.

After ignition of the arc, the process of melting the edges of the elements being welded begins. It is advisable to place them as densely as possible. In this case, there is a greater chance of getting a dense and fairly strong seam at the end. But often a situation arises when you have to weld parts between which there is space. Then it is necessary to use filler wire, the melt of which will fill the voids, improve its mechanical characteristics and make the connection more dense.

TIG technology is especially relevant when welding aluminum alloys, the surface of which is protected by a film of metal oxide. It is not only present on the workpiece, but is also formed at high temperatures, that is, during welding. The film prevents the formation of weld pools and a good quality seam. Argon or other inert gas prevents film formation.

What is needed for TIG welding?

TIG technology has also become widespread due to the fact that the generated arc generates high temperatures. Thanks to this, an experienced welder will not have a problem joining carbon steel workpieces.

It is important to emphasize that this will ensure a high quality weld. In addition to steel, you can work with a large number of other metals: cast iron, titanium, aluminum and others. The seams obtained when welding stainless steel are of high quality.

They don't even need subsequent cleaning.

To get started you will need:

• welding machine;
• gearbox;
• inert gas;
• filler wire.

Those who plan to engage in professional welding work need a machine with several TIG modes. You need to inquire about the type of burner. There are two of them: for welding thin sheets of metal and for all other types of work.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of TIG welding come from technological features. In particular, they are due to the use of rods containing tungsten and the protection of the working environment with inert gases. Main advantages:

• The heating zone for the workpieces is very narrow. Thanks to this, metal deformations are minimized.
• Inert gases are heavier than atmospheric air and displace oxygen from the work area.
• TIG welders are very easy to operate. They are easy to learn to use and do not require highly qualified specialists.
• Upon completion of the work, mechanical modification of the seam is most often not required. It turns out quite neat and clean.
• The device makes it possible to weld an impressive range of metals, including non-ferrous ones.
• Harmful impact on the environment is minimized.

However, like any other type of welding machine, TIG models have disadvantages:

• It is not easy to work in windy conditions because the inert gas is not retained in the work area. You can resort to installing windproof shields, but the increased consumption of argon cannot be avoided.
• Careful preliminary preparation of the metal is very important. There should be no traces of oil, grease or other contaminants on the edges. This stage cannot be ignored, since the seam will be of poor quality.
• It is difficult to work in hard-to-reach places due to the design features of the burner. In some cases, craftsmen trim or, conversely, lengthen the extension of the rod. But this negatively affects the speed of work and the quality of the weld.
• When using the TIG lift function, it is not advisable to strike an arc outside the working area. Since marks form on the surface of the metal, which will need to be removed in the future.

Conclusion

Modern technologies implemented in TIG welding machines provide many new opportunities for both beginners and experienced professionals. You can weld workpieces made of various metals of different thicknesses. It has become much easier to join non-ferrous metals, including copper, titanium and aluminum. Welding cast iron is no longer a problem. The specialist is spared the need to solve many problems caused by the characteristics of different metals.

Source: https://vtmstol.ru/blog/tig-svarka

What is tig welding, what electrodes are it used for?

There are several modes of conducting the welding process. They differ from each other in the conditions for forming a weld in metals, their applicability, and the equipment used. Among these modes, tig welding (Tungsten Inert Gas) occupies an important place, the name of which indicates that it is carried out in an inert gas environment.

This method of joining metals is used in production and in car services. As a result of the work performed, it is possible to obtain a seam of excellent quality and aesthetics, effective penetration of the edges of workpieces, as well as high-quality connection of parts with a large cross-sectional area.

• Peculiarities
• Equipment
• Consumables
• Modes
• Flaws

Peculiarities

If you translate the name of the mode into Russian, which gives the abbreviation TIG, you get “tungsten with inert gas.” Let us examine in more detail the purpose of each element in the welding process. Metal penetration is carried out under the influence of an electric arc, which is created between two electrodes under high voltage. The role of one electrode is played by the part being welded, and the other is played by a special tungsten rod, which is controlled by the welder.

The tungsten electrode melts at a temperature of 4000°C degrees. This indicator is significantly higher than that of other metals and alloys, so this electrode can be used to weld almost any type of steel. To obtain an accurate and neat seam, the electrode should be periodically sharpened. The tungsten rod is fixed in the torch collet, and the unused part is placed in a special cap that prevents short-circuiting.

The welding machine torch is designed in such a way that an electrode is placed in the middle of the nozzle, and gas is supplied in a circle. Since argon acts as a shielding gas, this welding method is called argon arc welding. The idea of ​​inert gas protection is to displace oxygen.

If it penetrates into the weld pool, hydrogen will begin to be released as a result of chemical reactions, which will lead to the appearance of many cracks during metal crystallization.

For each alloy, its own welding mode is determined, characterized by a certain amount of gas and voltage value on the electrodes.

With sufficiently precise processing of the edges of the parts being welded, their penetration and subsequent crystallization occur. If there is a gap between the surfaces that cannot be eliminated, then a special filler substance is used, which is fed into the welding zone in the form of a wire.

The TIG welding type has become widespread. Due to the fact that the arc temperature is quite high, it is possible to work with carbon steel, as well as non-ferrous metals and their alloys.

TIG welding is used when processing cast iron, copper and aluminum products, but it shows its main advantage when welding stainless steel.

Stainless steel can also be welded using MMA inverters, however, argon arc welding produces a neat and precise seam, which should not be subsequently cleaned of slag.

The wire for the additive must be made of the same material as the elements being welded. TIG welding allows you to weld aluminum. If there is no protective gas, the molten aluminum quickly oxidizes. In an argon environment, the characteristic oxide film does not form, and the edges melt evenly.

TIG welding is most often used in the following jobs and industries:

• mechanical engineering;
• work with food steel, production of tableware;
• production of containers for storing chemically aggressive substances;
• car repair.

Like any other type of welding, argon arc welding has a number of requirements and has certain features. Every welder should know about them, since otherwise it will be impossible to guarantee a high-quality result.

• The parts to be welded, in particular the edge surfaces, must be cleaned of foreign elements and degreased.
• The tungsten electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the inverter.
• Welding aluminum requires equipment that operates in AC mode (alternating current).
• It is necessary to correctly calculate the welding current based on the operating conditions. In particular, the choice of its value is influenced by the diameter of the electrode. Excessively high current will cause the electrode to melt, which is undesirable.
• In the absence of proper experience, it is recommended to form a small arc.
• Before welding, it is necessary to prepare the torch. The tungsten electrode should protrude 3-5 mm from the collet.
• It is necessary to pay attention to the uniform distribution of gas across the cross-section of the burner nozzle.

Equipment

The production of inverter welding machines has revolutionized the welding equipment market.

It is traditionally believed that in order to work in the TIG mode it is necessary to have a rectifier on hand, however, remembering that the welding parameters must be adjusted based on the initial conditions, it is necessary to understand that the mere presence of a rectifier will not allow the TIG welding process to be carried out. Modern TIG inverters convert electric current in a special way, which allows significant benefits in the cost of the device, its dimensions and functionality.

The kit includes a ground power cable and a burner. A cylinder with a reducer is also required. More powerful heaters, designed to work with metals whose thickness exceeds 3 mm, are equipped with a water cooling system. Alcohol and distilled water are used as a carrier. The standard functions of the TIG inverter include the ability to adjust the current, polarity, and gas flow rate.

Any inverter has a certain limitation on the duration of continuous welding; it is caused by overheating of the power plant when operating at high powers. The duration of continuous welding is one of the parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing a device. There are a number of other nuances that should be kept in mind.

• Adaptability of the inverter to changes in the parameters of the supply network. Power surges often occur, this is especially evident in rural areas. A functional inverter is not only capable of maintaining a stable arc at low voltage, but also adjusting other parameters, stabilizing the welding process. Typically, such capabilities are available in welding machines with synergic control.
• A functional inverter must have an AC/DC switching mode, that is, work with direct and alternating voltage. This significantly expands the scope of applicability of this device.
• The design of the heating pad can allow for vertical, horizontal or ceiling work.
• The protection system allows you to automatically turn off when the temperature exceeds a critical value. To resume operation, the inverter must cool down.

Consumables

Welding with a non-consumable electrode does not imply that it is not consumed in the process. Let's say more, a tungsten electrode is considered one of the types of consumables, the condition of which must be constantly monitored.

It is indeed 99 percent tungsten. This material was not chosen by chance, since tungsten has a high melting point. Components such as tantalum, yttrium, thorium, and lanthanum are used as impurities.

The concentration of the additive is indicated by conventional colors: white, green, blue.

The setup procedure includes work on sharpening the electrode. The shape of the end of the rod affects the shape of the arc; it should be different under different conditions. When welding with direct current, it is necessary that the arc resembles a cone. If the current is alternating, then a rounding at the point of contact is characteristic. The surface of the rod is additionally polished.

Another consumable is gas. In TIG welding, its role is played by argon. Argon is heavier than air, so it displaces oxygen from the torch. In some cases, it is necessary to protect the combustion zone from hydrogen. Here it is more advisable to use helium (the lightest gas, with the exception of hydrogen).

Helium welding increases arc power and, as a result, productivity. After weighing all factors, including the cost of the process, helium is used only when working with refractory metals. If it is necessary to carry out complex work, a mixture consisting of argon and helium is used. The share of argon is 40%. Argon provides stable welding parameters, and helium allows metal to be penetrated to a great depth.

Modes

TIG welding can be carried out with either direct or alternating current. This is why it is recommended to purchase AC/DC inverters for greater functionality. According to statistics, most often it is necessary to use a unipolar mode (direct current), which is suitable for welding many metals and alloys. But to work with aluminum, titanium and some refractory materials, you have to switch the inverter to AC (alternating current) mode.

Differences in welding methods can appear even at the arc formation stage. The first method is implemented by passing a needle along the surface of the metal. In this case, it is necessary to accurately set the value of the welding current. If the current is too high, through penetration of the workpiece may occur. Low current causes the electrode to stick.

Ignition of the arc by point contact is carried out on most welding machines in the mid-price segment. This is an additional function, which consists of supplying an additional pulse current exactly at the moment when the electrode touches the metal surface.

The simplest and most effective method of ignition is considered non-contact. Not all inverters are equipped with this function. Those welding machines that allow you to form an arc when the electrode is brought to a certain distance are quite expensive.

Regardless of the selected welding mode, it must be remembered that in order to ensure an even and aesthetic seam, as well as stable penetration of metal at the edges, it is necessary to maintain a gap of 3 mm between the needle and the surface. As this gap increases, the arc will remain stable, but the area of ​​the weld pool will increase and the depth of metal penetration will decrease. When welding thick workpieces, the edges of the joints are cut at an angle of 45° degrees.

When welding with direct current, the power cables are connected so that the positive terminal is connected to the workpiece, and the negative terminal is supplied to the electrode.

With this connection method, you can achieve optimal welding speed, and the tungsten rod will be consumed to a lesser extent. In addition, a deep bath is obtained, which ensures high-quality metal penetration.

DC TIG welding is used when working with alloy and high-alloy steels, as well as with various types of stainless steel.

Alternating current implies a change in the polarity of the electrodes. With direct polarity, a weld pool is formed. Changing the polarity entails cleaning the metal surface and destroying the protective film. During the welding process, the master has the ability to balance the time of forward and reverse polarity.

What is TIG welding and where is it used?

Welding metal parts has been known to mankind for a long time. However, with the development of metallurgy, the emergence of new alloys and compounds, technology began to improve in order to meet all the requirements of emerging realities. Any novice welder needs to learn more information about TIG welding: what it is, how to use the equipment, what strengths and weaknesses it has.

What is TIG welding?

Before moving on to a description of the equipment and an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages, it is necessary to understand the principles of technology and the features of TIG welding. TIG welding is a method of joining metals that uses a tungsten electrode with a shielding gas. The rod is considered “non-melting”. The welder must sharpen it before use to ensure a stable arc and a straight weld.

The tungsten electrode is fixed in the torch in the center of the nozzle. At the edges of the burner there are holes through which protective gas is supplied. Argon is used for this. It protects the welding site from the formation of an oxide film. Additionally, filler wire must be used. It is desirable that it be made of the material that needs to be welded.

History of appearance

Welding has been known to mankind for decades. The idea that it was possible to join metal parts under intense heat first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. Charles L. Coffin, an American engineer, thought about creating such equipment. However, the first samples of equipment did not allow the device to be used in industrial conditions or to weld metal alloys.

A non-consumable tungsten electrode and a shielding gas (inert helium) were first tested in the 1940s. Using this technology, it was possible to combine aluminum, magnesium, and nickel. The method became popular in aircraft and rocket engineering, and then gained popularity among other areas of industry.

Application

Since TIG technology allows you to connect many metals and alloys based on them, it is used in various areas of industry:

1. Automotive industry, manufacturing of parts for industrial equipment.
2. Space industry.
3. Construction of ships and airplanes.
4. Manufacturing of medical instruments.
5. Construction, creation of power tools.

TIG technology is often used at home. Using machines with tungsten electrodes, car body parts are welded and radiators are repaired.

Algorithm for assembling a welding machine

After purchasing the installation, consumables, and connecting elements, you need to assemble the individual parts and mechanisms together. Assembly steps:

1. Connect the oscillator to the inverter.
2. Secure the wire responsible for ground to the terminal marked with a plus sign.
3. The wire that is connected to the burner must be connected to the terminal with a minus sign.
4. Attach the burner to the sleeve through which the gas flow will be conducted.
5. Prepare an argon cylinder. Screw on the gearbox.
6. Secure the gas supply hose to the reducer.
7. Connect the inverter to a common network - 220 V. The oscillator must be powered from a power supply that produces 6 V.

To avoid mistakes when connecting elements, you can watch diagrams and training videos. After assembly, you need to configure the device. The quality of the work performed will depend on this.

Welding technique

The DIY welding process requires preliminary setup of the machine. To do this, the welder needs to perform a number of actions:

1. When using non-consumable tungsten electrodes, they must be prepared in advance. The working rod must be sharpened using a needle file.
2. After sharpening the electrode, it must be installed on the burner. A collet clamp is used for this.
3. Open the valve on the argon cylinder. Using the reducer, set the operating gas flow rate. The optimal rate is 13 l/min.
4. Fix the mass on the workpiece or metal work table.
5. Turn on the oscillator. Bring the burner to the metal surface.
6. After pressing the power button, a spark will appear. Open the gas supply to the burner.

The distance between the end of the electrode and the working surface must be at least 3 mm. You can guide the pointed part in different ways. If you increase the distance between the tungsten tip and the metal, the seam will become wide and the welding depth will decrease. When connecting thin workpieces, you need to move the torch from right to left. To make a root seam, you need to guide the electrode evenly. Corner joints are connected at an angle of 45 degrees.

TIG welding is used to join metals and metal-based alloys.
The shielding gas used during the work prevents an oxide film from appearing. It is important to set up the equipment correctly, sharpen the non-consumable electrode before work, and keep the arc at the same distance from the workpiece. Tig welding for beginners

What is TIG welding and where is it used? Link to main publication

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/svarka/tig

TIG welding: what it is, how it works, where it is used, its advantages and disadvantages

One of the most common types of welding is argon arc, or TIG, welding. Beloved by welding professionals, it is used in both large and small industries (for example, in car repair shops).

The reason for this is the versatility of this method. It seems possible both to form a high-quality welding seam and to fuse parts of large thickness well.

Tig welding easily copes with aluminum, copper and stainless steel. However, there are features that you need to pay attention to when working with this technique.

The pros and cons of TIG welding, the precise technology of the welding process, the necessary equipment - we will reveal all these aspects for you in this article.

What is this technology?

The abbreviation TIG comes from Tungsten-Inertgasschweißen and roughly translates as “tungsten-protective inert gas” (tungsten – English “tungsten”, Inertgasschweißen – German “inert gas”).

The name defines the basis of the technology, which uses tungsten and shielding gases.

The main element of argon arc welding is tungsten, or more precisely, a tungsten electrode. Applicable to all metals: it allows its melting point to be around 3500 C.

The "melting" in this case is nominal. The tungsten electrode is classified as one that does not melt, that is, it needs to be sharpened from time to time for stability and easy arcing.

You don't have to worry about the length of the electrode you use, since the remaining length is located under a special case.

Attached to the burner is a nozzle (conical tube) where the electrode is attached. By pressing a button, protective gas is supplied from all sides of the torch.

As a rule, this gas is argon, since when using another gas, oxygen penetrates into the weld pool. The result will be a low-quality weld: the alloy will be porous and unreliable, and splits and cracks may appear.

Argon is a means of preventing such problems.

To begin work, you first need to light an arc, which will melt the previously separated parts. Place the edges as close together as possible. This will form a stable, impenetrable seam.

If you need a reliable weld designed for heavy loads, use filler wire when tig welding.

Take the filler wire and the parts you will weld from the same material. For beginners, this makes it easy to cope with problematic aluminum welding.

High temperatures contribute to the formation of an oxide film on the surface of this metal, which interferes with high-quality welding. Sometimes this simply does not allow the weld pool and seam to form.

During argon arc welding, such difficulties do not arise because the film does not appear due to the shielding gas.

Where is tig welding required?

Another reason for the popularity of argon welding is the high temperature of the arc. TIG allows you to weld carbon steel and non-ferrous metals while maintaining the quality of the weld.

Cast iron, titanium, aluminum, and other metals are suitable for this. Stainless steel welds very well - a high-quality seam is formed. It does not require cleaning.

Enterprises of large automobile concerns, food-flavoring factories, chemical and oil refining industries, car services - production in all these industries requires TIG welding.

ADVANTAGES

In addition to those we have already mentioned, there are some more advantages of TIG that are important to talk about. They exist due to the key components of the technology - a tungsten rod and inert gas.

1. Obtaining slight deformation of parts at high temperatures due to a narrow heating area.
2. The impossibility of air entering the welding zone, since argon has more weight than oxygen.
3. A simple process that is easy to learn. This type of welding can be done by an amateur or even a beginner.
4. The resulting weld seam is neat, even and does not require cleaning or other mechanical intervention.
5. Ability to deal with difficult metals such as aluminum.
6. Produces less harmful effects on the environment.

FLAWS

We also consider it our duty to tell you about the disadvantages of TIG technology.

1. Windy weather can ruin your welding plans by blowing gas out of the weld area (you can install shields for protection, but this will waste more gas).
2. Meticulous preparation of metal surfaces before welding is necessary. Parts must be clean and free from oil, dirt and grease. Without this mandatory step, the quality of the weld will significantly decrease.
3. The torch mechanism does not make it easy to weld parts in hard-to-reach areas. You can make the rod extend longer or make the electrode smaller, but overheating or other problems may occur.
4. If you are not experienced in TIG welding, striking an arc outside of the welded area can create marks that must then be cleaned up.

The nuances of tig welding

The correct selected mode is of great importance for TIG welding. This is directly related to which electrode you use. We will talk about these nuances later, but now let’s talk about preparing the metal.

First you need to clean the edges from oil stains, paint, dirt or rust. Do not neglect this, even if you think that cleaning is not necessary. The next step is choosing the current strength. The value of this indicator affects the degree of melting of the metal.

We have compiled a table for you with recommended current values ​​for different metal thicknesses and electrode diameters.

After this, the polarity type is selected. For direct current welding, direct polarity is used, and for alternating current, reverse polarity is used.

It is important to start working with a well-sharpened, polished electrode. To weld thin parts, use a sharpened electrode. In other cases, the sharpening angle of the electrode may vary depending on the thickness of the metal.

There are a couple of ways to ignite an arc. You can strike the part with an electrode like a match, use the TIG lift option, which facilitates this process, or even use a non-contact ignition method.

We advise you to use the latter method, although it is only available in professional, expensive tools.

When you want to master welding skills at the master or professional level, it will be necessary to have special equipment.

Find out what modes are available in the welding tool, what you have, whether there is a ground cable, a gas cylinder, or a reducer.

Find out the burner type of your machine. There are only two of them: for metals up to 3 mm and for all others. The first is convenient because, due to its low power, it can cool quickly.

Burners for metals thicker than 3 mm require auxiliary cooling systems. Like, for example, a liquid cooling system.

The device contains a tube that supplies cold water and alcohol. Alcohol - so that the water does not freeze if the system is not operated for some time.

LET'S SUM UP

TIG welding is promising and relevant; due to the presence of a tungsten electrode and filler wire, it allows welding different types of metals.

You can easily and conscientiously weld titanium, aluminum, cast iron, copper, without wasting time on the difficulties caused by the characteristics of each metal.

Argon welding is preferred by many craftsmen. It is essential for many branches of human activity, which leads to the need for welding professionals.

Follow our advice and you will succeed in this matter. However, we wish you not to stop there and set new goals. Good luck in your endeavors!

Source: https://prosvarku.info/tehnika-svarki/tig-svarka

Welding lessons: How to set up a argon arc machine for TIG welding?

Previously, we talked about how to select an electrode, gas and other consumables. In this article we will continue to consider the welding process, or more precisely, working with a tig argon arc machine. For convenience, we will immediately highlight the issues that will be addressed in this material:

For clarity, we use specific models and blanks. We will weld stainless steel, and the tig machine will be the reliable and easy-to-use FUBAG INTIG 200 DC Pulse. In addition to the main functions, the equipment has a pulse welding function.

As for consumables, the example shown uses an argon cylinder, WL 20 electrodes (for direct current) and filler rod.

Preparing the argon arc apparatus for operation

All components are at hand. Putting it all together:

1. We install the reducer on the gas cylinder

2. Connect the gas hose to the reducer

3. Connect the bayonet connector of the torch to the negative connector

4. Connect the control cable to the five-pin connector on the front panel

5. Lastly, connect the ground cable to the positive connector.

The device is almost ready for use, now let’s move on to assembling the tig burner:

1. Install the collet holder first

2. Carefully insert the collet into it

3. Screw the shank (not all the way)

4. Install the ceramic nozzle

5. Insert the tungsten electrode

6. Adjust the electrode extension

7. Tighten the shank thoroughly.

Once everything is done, we set the gas flow depending on the location and nozzle diameter. For a nozzle with a diameter of 10 mm, a gas flow rate of 10 l/min is quite suitable.

Attention! In addition to the apparatus itself and the burner, the workpieces also require preparation. By cleaning them from rust, oxide film and other contaminants, you will take care of the quality of welding. For degreasing, you can use acetone, white spirit or another solvent. The filler rod is also sanded and degreased.

Setting up a tig machine from A to Z

Almost all metals are welded with straight polarity (minus on the electrode). The only exception is welding of aluminum and its alloys. A striking example of an alloy can be copper alloys with a significant aluminum content. The use of alternating current is mandatory for them.

So, let's set up FUBAG INTIG 200 DC Pulse:

1. On the control panel we set the welding method - TIG.

2. Set the gas pre-purge to 0.5 seconds.

3. We set the ignition current - 25% of the operating current (A).

4. We fix the rise time to the operating current - 0.2-1.0 seconds.

5. Set the welding current (A) (see table below)

6. We set the time until the crater filling current (decay in seconds)

7. Select the value of the crater filling current in amperes

8. The last parameter will be the gas purging time after welding (sec)

The parameters that relate to crater welding are selected depending on the thickness of the metal.

This table provides general recommendations for selecting welding current for the most commonly used metals and thicknesses. This will help you get your bearings as you prepare to get started.

Table. Setting up an argon arc apparatus depending on the type of metal and thickness

Type of metal	Metal thickness, mm	Type of current	Current ¸A
Steel alloys	1,0	DC	20 — 30
1,5	DC	40 — 60
2,0	DC	70 -90
3,0	DC	100 — 120
4, 0	DC	120 — 140
Aluminum	1-2	A.C.	20 — 60
4-6	A.C.	120-180
6-10	A.C.	220-230
11-15	A.C.	280-360

Why is monitoring current strength more important than other parameters? During TIG welding, you can burn through the workpiece by setting too high a current. A low value will not allow the metal to melt, which will negate all attempts to weld the part.

Correct starting and welding with a TIG torch

The parameters are set and it's time to start. Owners of this welding machine model have two options:

1. Use contact ignition

2. Use the high frequency ignition function

The latter will prevent metal burning in case of incorrectly set parameters when setting up the argon arc welding machine. It will protect the metal from tungsten inclusions and allow you to independently control the distance to the part from the moment you start working.

And now the most important thing is how to operate the burner correctly? Most experienced welders weld from right to left. During the process without filler material, the electrode should be positioned almost perpendicular to the surface to be welded. If filler material is present, then it is enough to maintain a small angle (15-20 degrees).

Attention! To prevent the weld metal from oxidizing, it is necessary to ensure that the end of the filler rod is constantly in the protective gas zone.

The welding process is completed by filling the crater. Crater welding is the final section of the weld seam, the length of which is reduced to zero. From the point of view of the quality of the welded joint, it is necessary to exclude the formation of a crater in the final part of the weld. For this purpose, the device provides a smooth current reduction mode.

To illustrate all of the above, experts have prepared a special video:

Tell your friends

Source: https://fubag.ru/tips/uroki-svarki-kak-nastroit-argonodugovoy-apparat-dlya-tig-svarki/

10 tips to help a beginner TIG welder

TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas) is becoming increasingly popular due to the exceptional quality of welded joints. But, unfortunately, it is practically not used in mass production. This is due to the fact that it has low productivity and all work on it is often done manually. And where there are people, there is a human factor, so every welder who works with TIG welding should know these 10 simple rules:

For TIG welding, more than any other, the cleanliness of the welding area is important, since any contamination will lead to loss of quality of the weld being applied. In the case of welding aluminum, even if the etching was carried out several hours before the start of welding, before the process itself it is advisable to brush again to destroy the newly formed oxide film, since during the welding process the metal becomes very sensitive to this kind of contamination.

Despite the fact that TIG welding practically does not melt the electrode, like conventional methods, the chemical composition, diameter and sharpening of the electrode still matter.

If in the case of diameter everything is more or less clear: thinner material means smaller electrode diameter, then questions arise with the chemical composition. So let’s solve them by considering the differences in the three most popular types of electrodes:

Pure, unalloyed tungsten (indicated by a green mark on the electrode)

Pure tungsten is commonly used for welding aluminum because it works well with alternating current and can be used with a variety of shielding gases. The disadvantages include relatively rapid consumption (combustion) compared to other types of electrodes, but this is more than compensated by the low cost of pure tungsten electrodes.

Thoriated tungsten (indicated in red)

The main advantage of a thoriated electrode over the previously presented pure tungsten electrode is better stability of operation at direct current. These electrodes can also be used on alternating current, but only on small thicknesses. Their main drawback is a small amount of radioactive radiation, so they require special conditions for storage and handling.

Lanthanated tungsten (indicated in blue)

This type of electrode is easy to use - it is much easier to light and hold an arc on them, and the shape of the sharpening of the tip is better preserved. Also, the advantages include significant wear resistance and, as a result, less consumption per unit of seam.

When welding critical structures, it is extremely important to know what thickness and grade of metal you are working with, since depending on these factors you need to select filler wire, electrode and type of sharpening. Accordingly, the greater the responsibility of the seam, the more scrupulous you need to be in choosing the material used.

The type of current used when welding greatly affects the final result.

Alternating current is typically used to weld aluminum and magnesium. This is due to the fact that a constant change in polarity causes the destruction of the oxide film that covers the metal (the melting temperature of aluminum is 660°C, and the melting temperature of the oxide film is about 2000°C).

In other cases, the use of direct current is allowed.

Depending on the material being welded, the electrode must be prepared differently. In the case of welding steel sheets of medium thickness, it is enough to simply sharpen it “in half” (sharpen an electrode with a thickness of 3 mm to 1.5 mm). This helps focus the arc and improve positioning accuracy. The thinner the metal, the more sharpening is needed.

For alternating current it is necessary to slightly round the end, for direct current - flat sharpening. And one more thing: you need to sharpen so that the grooves remain along the length of the electrode, and not across, since this way the arc will burn much more focused. For aluminum, completely different laws apply.

When welding aluminum, it is necessary that the tip of the electrode be rounded to improve arc stability.

You also need to remember that the electrode wears out, so you need to monitor its condition (if necessary, sharpen it and keep it clean)

Most modern welding machines for TIG welding have an automatic current control system, but what to do if the machine does not provide it, and the seam needs to be applied? When manually controlling the current intensity, it is recommended to start the process with as much power as possible, and only after the formation of a weld pool, reduce it to comfortable values.

For TIG welding, more than any other, it is important how the nozzle moves. To begin applying the seam, you must place the nozzle at an angle of 90° relative to the seam. After the formation of the weld pool, the angle decreases to 70-80°. When filling the crater, the angle is reduced to 20-30°.

When working with aluminum, you need to be extremely careful, since it has significant thermal conductivity and does not have tarnish. Therefore, when welding aluminum, the risk of injury is much higher than when welding other metals.

Different connections require different approaches. When lap welding, for example, it is necessary to increase the focus of heat on the ends, since this will provide maximum strength with minimal heat input. It is also necessary to take into account the shape of the weld when adding filler material (more heat - more filler metal).

Nothing helps with TIG welding like an experienced hand. After all, even after reading all the theoretical recommendations, but taking the holder and filler wire for the first time in your life, you will not get a perfect seam. Therefore, before you start making complex and important seams, you need to practice.

Source: https://blog.svarcom.net/technologia-svarki/10-sovetov-dlya-tig-svarschika.html