How to work with arc welding correctly

Welding with an inverter for beginners and the basics of electric welding

Welding with an inverter for beginners and the basics of electric welding

With the advent of inexpensive inverters for DC welding on the markets, every home craftsman has a unique opportunity to learn how to weld. It is much easier to do this with a welding inverter than with an old AC transformer machine, which puts a lot of strain on the electrical network.

The cost of an inverter for welding largely depends on its characteristics and brand. However, even the cheapest welding machine is more than enough to weld a fence in a country house or assemble a small metal structure. At the same time, it will take very little time to master the welding inverter.

How to weld with a welding inverter for beginners, and what are the basics of electric welding, will be discussed below in this article from the website mmasvarka.ru.

What is a welding inverter, principle of operation

The welding inverter was named so because it is capable of converting incoming alternating current into its constant values. The inverter itself has very high efficiency values ​​(almost 90/%), which is much higher than that of a conventional welding transformer.

Almost all welding inverters are capable of operating from a home power supply of 220 Volts. However, there are also special devices for operation that require all 380 V. An important advantage of welding inverters is that they are able to operate from a reduced voltage of 160 V.

Well, for beginners who are just learning to cook, a welding inverter will simply become an indispensable assistant. There is also a more stable arc than on an AC welding machine, and other features that help greatly facilitate the welding process.

Basics and basics of welding with an inverter

First of all, you need to understand what the welding inverter consists of, and what controls it will require in operation. In appearance, the inverter is a small rectangular box, the weight of which can reach 10 kg. On one side of the inverter there are controls, on the other side there are ventilation holes.

The main control elements of the inverter are the power button and the current regulator. In addition, depending on the model and functionality of the welding machine, auxiliary controls may be located in front. Essential attributes of any inverter are the “+” and “-” outputs for connecting the electrode holder and the negative clip-on terminal.

When choosing a welding inverter, you should consider what exactly it is needed for and what thickness of metal they will have to weld. You can see the rating of welding inverters and their most popular models in this site article about manual arc welding.

Welding with an inverter for beginners

The welding inverter can only weld with direct current. Therefore, by changing the polarity of the inverter connection, you can change the electric welding parameters. If the holder with the electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the inverter, and the “ground” to the positive terminal, then this connection of the inverter is called “direct”. The direct connection method to the inverter is suitable for welding thick metals, more than 5 mm thick.

The reverse connection of the inverter, when a plus is supplied to the electrode and a minus to the workpiece being welded, is used mainly when welding thin metals. However, this connection of the inverter is not a strict rule, and it can be changed in a number of cases.

The thing is that when connecting the inverter in the reverse order, the higher heating temperature falls on the electrode, and not on the metal, which protects it from burning through. What burn-through of a weld seam during welding is was already discussed in the previous article.

Welding arc and seam formation

To form a weld, you need to light an arc. To do this, the electrode is lightly tapped or struck across the metal surface. The electrode itself consists of a metal rod and a special coating applied to it. Essentially, when the electrode comes into contact with the metal, a short circuit is formed - a short circuit, which contributes to the rapid heating of the metals and their welding.

What a novice welder needs to know:

1. Arc length - it is recommended to keep the arc as short as possible, at least at the beginning of welding. The welding arc can be initiated, as mentioned above, in two ways: by lightly tapping the electrode or by striking it. Striking makes it possible to quickly warm up the electrode and prevent it from sticking to the metal. Therefore, for beginners, this method of igniting the arc is the most preferable.

1. Electrode movement - Once the arc is initiated, metal welding can begin. To do this, the electrode is moved from side to side, capturing and filling the edges of the products being welded with hot metal. The movement of the electrode can be carried out in various ways, for example: herringbone, triangle, etc.

1. Welding speed depends on the thickness of the metal being welded. The thinner the metal, the higher the welding speed, otherwise burns cannot be avoided.

Be sure to remember to weld a crater at the end of the weld. To do this, it is enough to go back a little at the end of the seam, hold the arc, and after filling the crater with metal, break it by moving it to the side.

Source: https://mmasvarka.ru/svarka-invertorom-dlya-nachinayushhikh.html

How to learn to cook with an inverter from scratch

When choosing electrodes for electric welding, they are guided by the thickness of the workpieces, which is directly related to their diameter.

The necessary data can be obtained from the tables on the packaging or you can determine the dimensions yourself, taking into account that the diameter of the electrode approximately corresponds to the wall thickness with values ​​​​not exceeding 4 mm.

Selecting the welding mode and type of electrodes

The current passed through the electrodes is directly related to their diameter; its rating is usually indicated on the packaging. Additionally, its value can be determined from tables or approximately determined by calculations, based on the fact that 1 mm. electrode thickness requires a current of 30 amperes.

There are four main types of electrodes depending on the coating material:

• Sour (A). Characterized by a high content of iron and manganese, the metal electrode passes into the seam in the form of small drops with the formation of a liquid bath; upon hardening, the slag is easily separated. During operation, too high an arc temperature leads to undercuts, the seam is highly susceptible to cracks - this limits the use of this type.
• Cellulose (C). In addition to cellulose, the composition includes ferromanganese ores and talc, which completely burn out when heated, forming a protective gas, while the seam does not have a slag coating. The electrode enters the seam in medium to large drops, forming a rough, uneven structure with numerous splashes.

Rice. 10 Appearance of the electric arc apparatus and electrode

Rutile (R). The coating consists mainly of titanium dioxide or ilmenite; the electrode metal passes into the weld pool in medium and small drops with a small amount of spatter and the formation of an even, high-quality seam. The slag coating has a porous structure and is easily separated from the seam.

For electric welding of low-carbon steel alloys from which profile pipes are made, good electrodes of the brands UONI-13/55, MR-3, ANO-4 are most often used; for welding stainless steel, grade OK 63.34 can be used.

Fig. 11 Welding thin-walled pipes

Preparing for work

The connection of profile pipes without welding is mainly carried out using specialized clamps and bolts. Over time, the fasteners weaken, so when caring for the product, it is necessary to constantly check the strength of the structure. To reduce operational problems, welding is used to assemble the structure.

To obtain a strong weld, the surface of the pipe must be prepared. For this:

pipe sections are cut to the required length;

Using a grinder to cut pipes

It is recommended to cut pipes with special tools, for example, a hacksaw, which allows you to make the cut as even as possible.

• if it is necessary to connect elements at an angle, then the pipes are carefully adjusted to each other so that there are as few gaps as possible. This will increase the quality of the weld and, as a result, the reliability of the finished product;
• the places where the weld is supposed to be located are cleaned of rust, burrs and other foreign deposits. Any inclusion negatively affects the strength of the seam. Cleaning can be done with a simple metal brush or specialized equipment, for example, a grinding machine.

Surface preparation before welding

Arc welding

Manual arc welding is widely used in all sectors of the national economy and in everyday life to connect elements of metal structures. Its distinctive properties compared to other types of welded joints are:

• Relatively low cost of the welding machine and consumables, which are electrodes.
• Obtaining high quality welded joints of common types of metals, including stainless alloys.
• The ability to carry out welding work in many hard-to-reach places - this is facilitated by the low weight and ease of connecting the equipment to electricity.

Rice. 7 Welding a thin profile pipe - type of seams

Carrying out work using electric arc welding consists of the following stages:

1. The ends of the pipes are prepared for welding; to do this, they are cleaned of rust, after which the workpieces are installed at the required distance to fill the seam with metal from the molten electrode; special devices are often used for this.
2. Turn on the welding machine, setting the required current using the built-in indicator, insert the electrode into the holder connected to the welding machine, and secure the other end to the pipe.
3. The position of the parts to be welded relative to each other is fixed by spot welding (tack welding), after which electric welding is performed using protective clothing, a welder’s mask and gloves.
4. At the end of the work, knock off the scale and clean the seam with a wire brush.

Semi-automatic metal inert gas (MIG) welding

Thanks to modern technologies, it has become possible to correctly weld profile products at home in the simplest way, which does not require extensive experience and many years of training as a welder.

Rice. 8 Operating principle of MIG

Semi-automatic inert gas welding (MIG) is an evolutionary step in the development of conventional electric arc methods, in comparison with which it has the following advantages:

• Instead of an electrode, a special wire with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.2 mm, wound in bobbins, is automatically fed into the weld pool through the torch - this automates the process and reduces the time for changing electrodes.
• Together with the wire, an inert gas (usually a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon) is supplied to the torch through the welding sleeve - this prevents the formation of slag and improves the quality of the weld.

Thanks to this technology, semi-automatic welding has the following advantages over electric arc machines:

• Allows you to weld thin workpieces with a thickness of 0.5 mm.
• Cooks steel, stainless steel, cast iron, aluminum and non-ferrous metals.
• During the work there is no slag and virtually no smoke - this is less harmful to health and improves the quality of the seam compared to electric arc methods.

The disadvantages of MIG include its bulkiness (it requires a massive gas cylinder and a system for supplying wire to the torch) and the impossibility of working in strong winds that blow gas from the welding zone.

Rice. 9 Welding of thin-walled profile pipes in an inert gas environment

Welding technique

Welding of a frame from a profile pipe can be carried out by any of the following types:

Gas welding

Gas welding is performed by melting metal and filling the empty space with an additive.

Gas welding technology

For gas welding you will need:

• a special welding machine with a set of tips for the torch;
• oxygen cylinder;
• a flammable gas cylinder (acetylene is most often used);
• filler wire (the wire is required to be made of the same material as the pipes being welded);
• welding powder (flux), which reduces metal oxidation and protects the seam. Flux is applied to the surface of the pipe before welding;
• personal protective equipment for the welder (mask).

When gas welding, strict safety precautions must be observed, since the gases used are explosive.

Connecting pipes using gas welding can be done in 2 ways:

1. from left to right. The additive is supplied after heating with a torch, which allows welding pipes with a thickness of more than 5 mm. The seam is not completely smooth and requires additional work. In this way, gates from a profile pipe and other volumetric structures are welded;
2. from right to left. The additive is supplied in front of the burner, which allows you to obtain the most even seam. Mainly used for pipes less than 5mm thick, for example, welding trusses from a profile pipe, garden bench and so on.

Available methods for forming a weld

After complete cooling, it is recommended to clean the seam and protect it from corrosion.

Gas welding is used to connect profile pipes made of non-ferrous metals (brass, aluminum, copper, and so on).

The advantages of gas welding are:

• simplicity. Welding a structure with a gas torch does not require special knowledge and skills;
• availability. The required components (gases) can be purchased without much difficulty;
• no need for a powerful source of electric current.

How to Arc Welding: Basics, Techniques, Training

There are different methods of durable and permanent connection of metal parts, which are used by professional welders when creating metal products. If a beginner wants to learn how to cook, then manual electric arc welding will be the best for such cases.

Usually, it is with this type of welding that those who later become professional welders begin their training. This method itself is not complicated and allows novice craftsmen to understand the basic principles of the welding process. But in order for the welds to be high-quality and durable, you need to know how to arc weld correctly.

The essence of the welding process

The correctness of a person’s actions and skills directly determines how reliable and high-quality the welded metal product will be. Therefore, the first step is to learn the basics of arc welding.

The place where the electrode is connected to the metal is called the weld pool. Before arc welding, you need to know the parameters of the bath. Standard sizes are as follows:

• 5-6 mm - depth;
• 10-32 mm - length;
• 7-15 mm - width.

These are conditional parameters; specific dimensions depend on the shape of the edges of the elements being connected, the welding mode, the speed of the electrode and other factors.

In order to clearly understand how to properly arc weld, novice craftsmen first need to thoroughly understand the processes occurring during welding:

• an electric arc occurs when the electrode comes into contact with a metal surface;
• the metal melts together with the formation of the arc;
• simultaneously with the metal, the electrode itself also melts and at the same time the melted particles move into the weld pool;
• The protective coating of the electrode is also melted. It forms a gas cloud that protects the bath from exposure to oxygen and ensures that the temperature required for melting the metal is maintained at the welding site;
• during the welding process, slag is formed, which also helps maintain the optimal temperature regime and prevents overheating of the weld pool;
• the welding seam is formed as a result of the movement of the electrode and the movement of the pool;
• After the metal has cooled, a slag crust remains on the joint, which must be carefully beaten off with a hammer.

If you have never seen an electrode holder before and the general concepts of the welding process are unfamiliar to you, then you should take arc welding lessons, which are publicly available on the Internet on many sites.

Note! Only if there are two current-conducting elements with opposite charges, an electric arc can occur. Such elements are metal and electrode. It is best for beginning craftsmen to use a standard electrode with a central element made of metal.

Tools and equipment

The manual arc welding technique is relatively simple and is performed using specialized equipment and electrodes. You will also need auxiliary tools and protective equipment.

Equipment types

There are three types of machines that can be used to perform arc welding yourself:

• transformers . The operating principle of such devices is based on alternating current. It should be noted that they are quite heavy, can cause sudden changes in voltage in the general electrical network and are very noisy. It is quite difficult to make an even seam on a transformer; only experienced welders can do this. But if novice craftsmen are trained in arc welding using a transformer, then working with other equipment will be much easier;
• rectifiers _ The operation of the devices is ensured by semiconductor diodes. Units of this type convert alternating current into direct current. These are universal devices. Almost all electrodes are suitable for them and welding can be carried out on different metals. Compared to a transformer, the welding process is much simpler and the arc stability is maintained;
• inverters . They work almost silently. Convenient to use due to its compactness and automatic settings system. During operation, the device produces high-power direct current by converting alternating current.

Among all devices, inverters are considered the best. They create a stable arc even during power surges and are multifunctional.

Tools and equipment

Before welding with electric arc welding, you must first prepare personal protective equipment and tools:

• welding machine and electrodes for it . Those who are just learning welding skills should prepare more electrodes;
• utility tools . The arc welding technique involves removing the slag generated during welding, and for this you will need a hammer and a metal brush;
• protective clothing . You cannot start welding without a special mask, gloves and protective clothing made of dense materials. Such means should not be neglected, since human safety depends on them.

If you are working with the machine for the first time and want to learn how to properly weld using manual arc welding, it is recommended to first prepare training metal elements.

Preparation for welding

When setting the goal of learning how to properly arc weld, you should understand that the safety and effectiveness of welding largely depends on the preparatory process. You should start welding work only after preparing the welding machine:

• it is necessary to check the frequency of the electric current and voltage, the readings in the working device and in the network must be the same;
• The electrode number must be selected taking into account the power of the equipment;
• The grounding terminal must be securely fixed;
• check all connections, integrity of cable insulation;
• Place the electrode in the holder and check the strength of its fixation.

You also need to prepare the surface to be welded. It must be thoroughly cleaned of rust, traces of oil and other contaminants. If this is not done, the weld seam will have defects.

The electrodes are also checked for integrity. It is important that the coating is free of chips and cracks. It is often necessary to first calcinate or dry the electrodes and only then insert them into the device holder.

Features and welding procedure

Arc welding for beginner welders is considered the easiest and most accessible to learn. You need to start the welding process by igniting the arc, which is carried out using two methods:

• touch . An electrode is placed at an angle of 60°, the end of which should lightly touch the metal surface and immediately raise it by 3-5 mm. If everything is done correctly, an arc should form;
• striking . You need to quickly move the tip of the electrode along the prepared metal and without delay lift it to a distance of 2-3 mm.

It is best to maintain an average gap of 0.5 cm, since if it is reduced, the electrode will stick. You can also control the length of the arc by the sound present. The presence of sharp sounds indicates that the gap is excessively large. If the sound is rhythmic and measured, then the arc length is constant and normal.

You need to start welding parts as soon as the optimal arc is caught. Smoothly and slowly, with slight sideways vibrations, the electrode moves in the direction of the joint being created. When the electrode has burned out before the end of the seam, you should insert a second one, step back approximately 10-12 mm from the crater formed in the broken seam, re-ignite the arc and continue the process, moving forward.

Typically, butt joints in several layers are performed by:

• two - elements whose thickness does not exceed 6 mm;
• three - parts with a thickness range from 6 to 12 mm;
• four - products with a thickness of more than 12 mm.

There are also different trajectories of arc movement and they must be performed simultaneously:

• transverse _ The width of the movements must correspond to the specified seam width;
• longitudinal _ Forms a thin bead of thread seam;
• progressive _ Helps maintain a uniform arc, while the electrode itself moves along the line of the welded joint.

It is not recommended to weld with a continuous seam, since the metal will warp. If you move the electrode too quickly, the joint will turn out uneven and uncooked areas will remain on it. It is also impossible to move the electrode too slowly, because holes will appear in the metal from burning.

It is necessary to monitor the gap between the surface to be welded and the electrode. If it is very small, then the metal simply will not warm up. A weak and uneven seam will result in an excessively large gap.

Although at first glance manual arc welding seems quite complicated for beginners, if you study the technology and follow the instructions, then anyone can learn welding skills.

Interesting video

Source: https://osvarka.com/obuchenie-svarke/kak-varit-dugovoy-svarkoy

Where to start welding with electrodes

Electric welding is the most common method of obtaining a permanent connection. The availability and simplicity of equipment for welding work allows even novice electric welders to assemble simple metal structures on their own.

Those who want to learn how to learn how to weld parts should start with the basics of electric welding, which occurs using electrodes.

Criteria for selecting equipment and materials

Before starting any training, it is necessary to equip a home craftsman welding station. First of all, this concerns welding machines and electrodes, and then move on to the basics.

To carry out one-time work, you can rent a welding machine from specialized companies, but if there is a lot of work to be done, the best solution would be to purchase a reliable unit with a sufficient level of power.

You can weld with gas, but this is a more expensive method. For various purposes, the industry produces the following types of equipment:

• welding machine (transformer), designed to convert alternating currents into high-power welding current. Cheap welding machines can overheat greatly even under light loads, and they produce uneven welding current with large differences;
• Rectifiers convert alternating current from the network into direct current. These are the most productive devices with good characteristics, but they cost an order of magnitude more;
• Modern inverters are capable of converting alternating current into direct current; they are distinguished by high performance characteristics with small dimensions and weight. Today this is the most affordable, reliable type of welding equipment; many welders use them. This is the best option for beginners, where you can practice the basics of working with electrodes.

Beginners need to know that electrodes are used for electric arc welding. Information about electrodes refers to the basics of training. The success of welding depends on the quality of the electrode and a suitable core composition.

The product is quite simple in design. This is a steel wire made of various materials and alloys, with a special coating applied to it.

The coating prevents unwanted gases from entering the weld pool. For household use, electrodes with a core thickness of 3 mm are most suitable. Manual welding of very thin sheet metal is carried out using electrodes with a cross section of 2 mm.

Organization of the workplace and reliable equipment for the welder

When welding with electrodes, strong infrared radiation occurs. To protect your eyes and skin, you must use a special welding mask and protective clothing made of dense material .

It is better to buy a welding helmet with chameleon glass, with the ability to adjust the degree of darkening of the glass. You need to wear split leather gloves or mittens on your hands. Protective clothing should be used regardless of whether you are a beginner welder or an expert.

The welding site must be fenced with protective screens to prevent damage to the eyes of others, especially at home. Welding shoes should not be nailed.

In such shoes, the welder will constantly dance even with slight dampness in the air. Before welding, be sure to ensure that your work area is properly grounded.

Having completed the preparatory work, you can begin learning welding and learning the basics.

Sequencing

Step-by-step instructions provide for performing several types of work. First you will need to equip a welding inverter. 2 cables are taken from it. One is for connecting the ground wire.

On another, of sufficient length, an industrial or homemade holder is connected. The process of learning electric welding is quite complex and time consuming.

Current adjustment

The welding manual includes information about machine settings. The welding current is subject to mandatory adjustment . At first you will not need to set the maximum value of this value.

All data is indicated in the table on the electrode packaging. You need to set it to a lower value and start learning.

With experience, when you can light an arc and make a simple seam, you need to set a higher value for the welding current. This will allow the metal to be heated better and a better weld to be made.

Welding arc

It is impossible to imagine welding lessons for beginners without learning how to strike an arc. At first, the electrode will constantly stick to the metal. There are 2 recommended methods for igniting the arc:

• passing the tip of the electrode along the surface of the parts;
• The arc can be ignited by tapping the electrode. Sometimes, when using MP-5 electrodes, the welder has to knock often and for a long time.

In the first case, there are no significant marks left on the parts; the second method is important when there is a large layer of coating on the tip of the electrode. Sometimes you have to grind the ends of the electrodes before welding.

It's very easy to learn. You just tap, and when lighting the arc, the main thing is not to stick the electrode into the molten metal and not to carry it over a long distance. In the first case, the arc will go out. The second option will lead to the formation of strong splashes and damage to the seam bead.

It is better to learn on thick metal. Only after learning how to light an arc and maintain its combustion can you move on to the next stage of training.

We develop the correct angle of inclination

The most common electrode position is between 30° and 60°. It is very rarely necessary to cook while holding the core at a right angle. When choosing an inclination, you need to monitor the behavior of the slag in the weld pool.

It should cover it securely, but without the metal spreading. You can't go too far ahead of the bathtub. To begin with, place the holder at a right angle, and gradually making the angle sharper, achieve normal filling of the weld pool with slag.

The quality of welding depends on the development of the normal position of the electrode holder. A novice welder should work by laying seams only in the lower position, on thick metal.

Having mastered the basics, you can gradually move on to horizontal and vertical seams. Depending on the thickness of the parts, you will also have to adjust the angle. Over time, this operation will be performed automatically.

Movement of the holder

For proper welding, it is necessary to hold the tip of the electrode core at a distance of at least 2 mm and see the weld pool.

The problem for beginners is the need to perform several actions at once. To better fill the joint bead, it is necessary to guide the electrode in several ways.

For welding metal whose thickness is more than 6 mm, it is better to use a triangle motion. And for parts less than this thickness, it is better to use a broken zigzag welding line.

At first, only these methods of guiding the electrode will be required. Pay attention to the constant size of the oscillatory movements. You may first need to simply guide the electrode in a straight line to gain proficiency.

Don't think that you will succeed on the first try. This is a long process, so you need to be patient while mastering the basics.

Basic rules for joining parts

After you have mastered the basics of welding, you need to weld metal structures yourself and move on to performing simple assembly and tack operations at home. As a rule, a home craftsman does not weld thick metal, so cutting edges is not required. First, you can practice connecting a profile pipe. To do this, you will need to cut sharp corners at the ends of the parts for a larger penetration area.

The parts are inserted into the corner clamp and secured with a clamping bar. Now you need to first grab it from several sides. To do this, light an arc and place a small point.

There is no need to withstand a large leg, you just need to fix the parts. After checking the diagonals, tacks are performed on all accessible sides. Now the structure is removed and welded with a reliable and high-quality seam.

If the lessons on the angle of inclination and laying metal in a molten weld pool are well learned, then the operations of assembling metal structures will not cause difficulties even for dummies in welding.

Having studied the basics of welding and gained theoretical knowledge, you need to practice as often as possible, put on welding equipment, turn on the welding machine and hone your skills for a long time. Only practice will allow you to become a high-class welder.

Source: https://svaring.com/welding/teorija/azy-svarki-elektrodami

How to weld correctly - arc welding video lessons for beginners

In order to learn how to use a welding machine, you need not only practice, but also special theoretical knowledge.

This article will discuss the main points of how to weld correctly in order not only to make a beautiful and high-quality seam, but also to ensure the safety of yourself and others. Arc welding, video lessons for which are given on our website, is a very serious job.

Before you start learning welding, you need to purchase protective equipment, electrodes and special equipment. Let's briefly look at each of these points.

Equipment

Both a professional welder and an amateur must have special clothing in which he will carry out all work. Namely:

1. The overalls or robe with pants must be made of very dense material. Experienced professionals prefer a thick tarpaulin.
2. Suede gloves or canvas mittens will protect your hands from thermal burns that can occur as a result of hot splashes on the skin.
3. A welder's mask or protective shield with special light filters can protect your face from splashes and your eyes from dangerous radiation.

At the place where welding work is carried out, there should be a bucket of water and a large piece of thick fabric or a blanket to put out the flame in case of accidental ignition from a spark. Before work, remove all flammable objects from reach.

Electrodes

During welding, electrodes perform the function of transmitting current to the seam. Beginners are recommended to start with the use of electrodes in the form of solid rods with a melting coating with a diameter of 3 mm. Electrodes with a large diameter require powerful equipment, and products with a diameter of 2 mm are used for welding thin sheet metal.

It is prohibited to use damp, old or damaged electrodes.

Practical lessons

For those who are picking up a welding machine for the first time, it would be a good idea to watch “Arc Welding: Video Lessons” to speed up the learning process and avoid mistakes.

Before carrying out any welding work, the working surface of the metal must be cleaned of dirt and rust.

When you pick up a welding machine for the first time, you must first learn how to make even beads on metal, and only then move on to mastering the technology for making connecting seams.

For this:

1. An electrode is inserted into the welding machine holder.
2. To create an electric arc, you need to tap it on the workpiece several times or make scratching movements.
3. Now point the electrode at the workpiece and try to maintain a distance of three to five millimeters between the metal and the arc. This skill is very important for making a beautiful seam, since when the gap size changes, the arc is interrupted and the quality of the work decreases.
4. The electrode is directed at an angle of 70 degrees to the metal surface. As you gain experience, this slope can be changed depending on the specifics of the job.
5. The correct current strength can only be selected through experimentation. With a weak current, the arc will go out, and with a strong current, it will melt the metal.
6. Adjust the speed of electrode movement. When moving quickly (high welding speed), the amount of molten metal may not be enough to form a seam. But a slow speed leads to overheating of the base metal and the formation of excess and spreading.

Having mastered the first lessons on how to weld correctly, you can proceed to the next stage.

Making connecting seams

Here we present arc welding (video lessons) and how to properly make connecting seams.

As you can see, the beginning of the process is similar to that described above. The difference is that the hand must move not in a straight line, but along a broken path in order to redistribute the molten metal from one part of the workpiece to another. For practice, it is better to use pieces of unnecessary metal, and only when the seam begins to turn out well, you can move on to working with workpieces.

The cooled seam is freed from slag using a small hammer. After this, you can evaluate the quality of your work.

Types of connecting seams

According to GOST Electric arc welding (5264-80), there are several methods for cutting the edges of workpieces, as well as types of connecting seams, depending on the types of connections required. The seams are:

• butt;
• T-bars;
• overlap;
• corner;
• vertical;
• horizontal.

Having learned how to weld using arc welding (video for beginners), you can begin more complex work. From structures for outbuildings and summer cottages, you can gradually move on to fences, trellises, railings and other products.

But to master complex techniques and acquire professional skills, you need to constantly practice and improve your skill level by studying videos on arc welding from specialists who have extensive experience.

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How to cook with electric welding correctly?

Knowledge of how to weld using electric welding correctly, in compliance with technology, will allow you to independently create various types of metal structures and products. If you have no experience, you can easily master the basics and techniques, and then successfully apply them in practice.

Types of electric welding

To understand the basics of electric welding, you need to understand the essence of the process itself. The joining of metal elements occurs as a result of local expansion under the influence of high temperatures. An arc is created that melts the metal, then the finished structure cools down and becomes strong and solid.

There are two ways to create an arc:

• on direct current;
• on alternating current.

Inverters are used for DC welding. They create an arc with stable electrical parameters, which simplifies the welding process:

• an even, uniform seam is formed;
• metal does not spatter.

Many inverters have standard presets equipped with protective functions that allow you to monitor the current parameters. They can be used by beginners or professionals.

For welding on alternating current it is necessary to use transformers. Their advantages: high power, unpretentiousness to network parameters. But at the same time they have a lot of weight and a high noise level. In addition, they can cause interference in electrical networks.

Tools

Welding will require the selection of special equipment:

• a welding machine suitable for the technical characteristics;
• electrodes of a certain composition, depending on the type of metals being connected and their thickness;
• protective mask, clothing, gloves, shoes;
• hammer, metal brush to remove scale or smooth seams;
• containers with water.

Beginners need to take elements of similar composition and thickness to select current and voltage. It is also recommended to practice creating seams with the required characteristics so as not to damage the workpiece.

The welding site must comply with the rules and safety requirements. The area of ​​the room or area should be sufficient for the convenience of performing the work.

In case of problems with the power supply, you will need to additionally connect a rectifier. This will stabilize the current and voltage, thereby forming a stable arc.

Which electrodes to use

Electric welding for beginners is a complex process if the electrode was chosen incorrectly. The quality of the seam, uniformity, meltability, absence of impurities and harmful compounds depends on its properties. Therefore, the following selection criteria are taken into account:

• the rod must have the composition as close as possible to the metals being welded;
• the protective shell must protect the seam from the formation of oxides;
• The connection polarity should be observed depending on the marking;
• current parameters must meet the requirements of the welding machine and the thickness of the parts;
• the diameter must be selected so that a seam with the required characteristics can be formed.

How to learn to cook with electric welding

To learn electric welding, you need to prepare a workplace, collect all the tools, and ensure work safety. If you master all the stages on your own, then you will need to find materials to hone your skills.

It is important for a novice welder to learn how to properly equip a work area:

• install protective screens;
• remove flammable or combustible materials;
• provide access to tools.

You need to choose clothes, since it is extremely inconvenient to weld metal correctly using electric welding with a feeling of discomfort:

• clothing should be made of thick fabrics;
• Shoes with nailed heels are not acceptable;
• the welding helmet must have glass with dimming adjustment;
• It is recommended to use split leather gloves.

It is required to follow the rules of metal welding:

• the surfaces of the parts must be cleaned from scale, rust, and dirt;
• the welding machine should be grounded;
• when working, you must comply with safety requirements;
• follow the rules of the selected welding technique.

How to connect the electrode

The connection is made to a special clamp located at one end of the cables. There are two types of locking mechanisms:

• screw, which is a rotating clamp with a clamp;
• spring, allowing you to fix it when you press a special button.

When using an inverter, the ground cable is connected to the positive terminal, and with a clamp - to the negative terminal. When argon welding, the polarity is changed.

Start of welding: light the arc

You can ignite an arc in the following ways:

• tapping - the end hits the surface of the part several times;
• passing - an electrode is quickly drawn along the seam line.

It is important to test these methods in advance and choose the best one for solving specific problems.

Incline

Convenient angles of inclination of the electrodes above the surface of the parts being welded are considered to be from 300 to 600. The angle can be formed in the following ways:

• forward, allowing minimal heating of the metal;
• back, the parts are heated to the maximum depth for the selected current, the slag moves at the speed of closing the weld pool.

To fully control the process, it is necessary to maintain a distance from the surface to the electrode of 2 to 3 mm.

Movements

When moving the electrode, it is important to consider the following criteria:

• you should think in advance about the optimal movement pattern along the surface in order to obtain a seam with the desired characteristics;
• the speed of movement determines to what depth the metal will be melted;
• the formation of the seam must be carefully controlled during the work process;
• it is important not to allow the electrode to approach the surface of the element closer than 2 mm;
• movement should be carried out only after the formation of the bath.

What errors might there be?

When carrying out welding work with their own hands, beginners can make the following mistakes:

• the operating mode of the welding machine is incorrectly selected;
• the melt in the bath is not formed with the structure required;
• the current strength does not correspond to the metal or its thickness, resulting in penetrations or unwelded areas;
• the polarity of connecting the mass and electrode cables is incorrectly selected;
• the welding machine is powered from an unstable network, as a result of which it may fail and require expensive repairs;
• welds are formed without sticking, due to which the joining of structural elements is not carried out in accordance with the assembly requirements;
• parts are connected without stripping to bare metal;
• fire safety measures are not observed.

If you have no experience in welding, it is recommended to use universal electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm.
They allow you to learn the basics due to the absence of difficulties when adjusting the device and selecting the speed of movement. Welding for beginner welders! How did I learn to cook with electric welding?

How to cook with electric welding correctly? Link to main publication

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/svarka/kak-pravilno-varit-elektrosvarkoj

Welding for beginners: useful tips and tricks

Many of those who live in a private house or have a dacha want to learn electric arc welding so as not to turn to neighbors, friends or acquaintances for help every time. And this is quite real.

The most important thing, as they say, is desire, and experience will come with time. In this review, we bring to your attention simple tips and tricks for beginners.

Let's start with safety precautions during welding. For some reason, novice welders forget that they must follow a certain “dress code.”

If you think that you can work with welding in ordinary rubber slippers and rolling up your sleeves, then this is wrong. Firstly, you need to wear shoes or boots on your feet, and your jeans must cover your shoes so that drops of hot metal do not get into them.

There is no need to tuck clothes into your pants - they should be untucked. The sleeves of the clothing should fit snugly to the body; if they are wide, you can wrap them with masking tape.

This is necessary to ensure that a spark does not accidentally get under clothing. Moreover, clothes should be either cotton or thick denim. No synthetics. As for the neck area, it should also be closed.

Also for welding you will need gloves (leather or split leather) and a welding mask. To begin with, you can get by with a budget option, and then buy one, for example, with an automatic darkening filter.

Which electrodes to choose for welding

Electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm are considered the most popular, and for a novice welder this is the best option, so it is advisable to stick with them. However, at home you can also use electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm.

Moreover, it is advisable to buy both rutile electrodes and those with a basic coating. The most popular rutile electrodes are ANO 21 and MP-3, with the main coating - UONI 13/55.

Which welding polarity should you choose?

Inverter-type welding machines can be used to weld with both direct and reverse polarity. In the first case, “-” goes to the electrode holder, and “+” goes to ground. In the second case it’s the other way around.

Thin metal (1-2 mm) is usually welded using direct polarity, while reverse polarity is used when welding thick metal, since when “+” is on the electrode itself and “-” on the part, better penetration of the metal is ensured.

Please note that most often welders select the current strength experimentally. That is, they set the maximum value (for example, 130-150 Amperes), then lower it to the value when the metal melts well.

In general, for each millimeter of electrode thickness you need to take approximately 30-35 Amperes, but again, then you need to adjust the current strength as welding progresses. You won’t learn this quickly, but over time everything will become clear.

Where should a beginner start learning welding?

First you need to learn not to weld seams, but to light an arc and tear the electrode off the metal. For example, during welding or when the arc is ignited, the electrode may simply stick (or stick).

What to do in this case? If the electrode sticks to the part, then do not wait until it overheats and bursts somewhere. You need to tilt the electrode left and right, trying to simultaneously pull it towards you.

Now you can try to weld some two parts together. Moreover, it is better to train on thick metal.

If you want to try to weld thin metal first, then, most likely, you will burn through it, and accordingly, you will be upset that nothing works out for you. And on thick metal you’ll quickly figure out what’s what. Then it will be easier on thin metal.

How to start welding metal workpieces

The first step is to light the arc. You scratch the coating on the end of the electrode against the metal, and when a spark appears, move the end of the electrode 2-3 mm from the surface of the part.

Using circular movements, we achieve the appearance of a weld pool, trying to maintain a gap between the electrode and the part, after which we begin to move the electrode along the part in a straight line. The angle of inclination of the electrode is 45 degrees.

And in the end you will end up with something similar to a seam, although it is still far from ideal. You will need to train your hand.

Now let's try to weld two parts. And the first thing you need to do is clean the metal from rust and dirt with a grinder about 2-3 cm from the edge. If the metal is thick, then it is necessary to maintain a certain gap.

We put two tacks: one at the beginning of the seam, the second at the end. And we weld the entire seam along its entire length, making zigzag movements with the electrode. You may not succeed the first time, but don’t be discouraged, everything comes with experience.

The main thing is to remember to maintain a gap between the part and the electrode, and also keep the electrode itself at an angle. Well, it is important to choose the current strength correctly. Moreover, it is advisable, if possible, to tilt the part slightly so that during the welding process the slag flows in the opposite direction from the direction of the electrode.

It is better for beginners to weld vertical seams with a tear. That is, first we put a “point”, wait until it cools down a little (but at the same time it should remain red), then we “light” the electrode from it, and put a new “point”. In this way we go through the entire seam point by point from top to bottom.

You can get more detailed information about the intricacies of welding for beginners in this video.

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Source: https://sdelairukami.ru/svarka-dlya-nachinayushhih-poleznye-sovety-i-rekomendatsii/

How to cook with arc welding: technique and features, step-by-step instructions for beginners

Nowadays people use a large number of methods of welding metals. And one of the most common and convenient methods is electric arc welding.

The peculiarity of manual welding with an electric arc is that it can reproduce any seam, so arc welding is very universal, it is probably the most used among welders.

But the largest segment remains beginners; this type of welding is suitable for them, since it makes it easy to work in normal home conditions.

Arc welding postulates - what you can’t do without

The direct action method is the most common technique for creating a seam when using manual arc welding. It works simply, the electrode melts onto the welding zone without stopping, which ensures a high-quality and continuous seam welding process.

But remember that you don’t need to work on a long arc, this is fraught with the fact that the metal that melts from the electrode oxidizes much faster, so it no longer seals as deep, splashes often appear, and this is very unsafe, and in the end you get an unwelded seam with oxide elements.

What you need to know about arc welding, the main points

When we talk about arc welding technology, we can name a lot of disadvantages, but their advantages outweigh them; the temperature at which work is carried out can reach 5000 degrees and even more; few methods can boast of such calcination.

It is this feature of arc welding that makes it universal; it can cope with metals of any thickness and chemical properties, even with very heat-resistant metals. The highest temperature rises in the arc discharge.

When you take up arc welding as an electric arc, then first you need to understand how this arc generally works. First, understand how the arc is formed and begins its work, and when you understand this, you can start welding parts.

You can ignite an arc by closing the circuit; to do this, it will be enough to touch the welding surface with the end of the electrode and slightly move the electrode away from this surface, such as a kind of tapping.

When you do this, an electric arc begins to form. When welding, so that your arc burns stably and does not go out, move the end of the electrode smoothly along the arc welding zone you need, very slowly, so that the electrode has time to melt.

When you work with electrodes that have some kind of coating applied, remember that not only the coating itself melts, but also the rod inside the electrode.

This is important to remember because during the melting process of the coating, gases and slags appear on the welding surface.

The slags come into contact with the metal itself and then a coating appears on the surface. This coating is very useful for the metal; it protects the seam from combining with various gases in the air system, such as nitrogen or oxygen.

When slag is formed, you need to additionally clean the metal from its fragments; this is also very useful for the metal.

Electrode coatings are different, they not only protect the seam from environmental influences using gas and varnishes, which emit the electrode, but also guarantee strong bonding of metals to each other - this improves the quality of the welding process in general.

With a coated electrode, you can work with completely different types of metal, from non-ferrous to ferrous, from sheets to whole blocks of metal; arc welding can cope with any task.

With these electrodes you can easily work with argon-arc welding or simply surfacing metal; it can cope with the entire range of tasks.

The most important advantage of a welding machine is its ease of use, even a beginner can handle it, but at the same time such a machine is capable of solving really complex problems - this is what makes it universal.

Nuances and features

But of course, there are also disadvantages: manual arc welding is not productive, you will not be able to do a large amount of work in a day because, after all, the human factor remains dominant in such welding.

Before getting started, have a good understanding of how to work with manual arc welding.

You can base the welding joint on a casting, rolled product or forging. Rental remains the most common base for performing such work. IN

An important step is preparing the part; if you have learned how to handle arc welding, then you will not have any problems.

If you chose rental as a base, then remember that you need to prepare it before starting work. This preparation consists of two stages: the first you need to do editing, you can do it manually or not on a machine, and the second stage consists of the process of stripping the material from which you can cut blanks. Visually evaluate your workpieces; if the segments turn out to be crooked, this needs to be corrected and the sides prepared for welding.

State standard documents write that there are basic ways in which you will obtain a seam using arc welding, the dimensions will depend on the thickness and material with which the welding will be carried out.

When all the previous steps have been completed, we can begin assembly. Make sure that everything is in accordance with the standard edges and distances between parts.

At the next stage, determine the accuracy of the assembly; for this, you should have measuring pliers on hand, something to measure the length and the template itself, which you need to adhere to.

Then you need to secure the prepared elements; this can be done with staples or secured with small seams. Pay attention to the cross-section; it should not exceed a third of the seam itself; everything must also be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, dust, and slag.

Then you will need to select the arc welding mode - this is important, because the size and shape of the connection will depend on it.

If you make the tension lower, the seam will not be as deep, but the seam area will increase. The higher the current on your welding machine, the deeper the penetration will be.

Classification of welding machines

Now there are many different materials on the market that will provide you with different quality of arc welding, there are many types in stock. Some things are easier to work with, some are more difficult.

So if you are using manual arc welding, then you need to have a good welding machine. Today there are 3 main types of such devices that ensure the implementation of welding processes.

Their classification depends on the source of direct or alternating current that they need to operate.

What is a welding transformer

Such a thing as a transformer is well suited only for those who are just starting to learn, the transformer is easy to use and easy to control. The basis of the transformer’s operation is that it reduces the voltage in the network to the optimal one, at which the welding machine can work without interruption without overstraining.

This process depends on a basic part such as a transformer. The transformer operates only on alternating current.

So when working with a transformer, you will always need to regulate the current supply. The kit includes primary and secondary windings for this purpose.

By slightly changing their positions you will affect the strength of the current supply. If, after reading so far, you still have questions about how to weld with arc welding, then remember that a welding transformer is most suitable for beginners.

If you need strong connections, then this device is suitable for you. The most important thing is to choose high quality electrodes, and the most important thing is that they are suitable for alternating current.

The efficiency of such a device is very high, it works almost with the power of a machine. Below we have provided a table in which we describe the main parameters of such welding machines that can be found in our markets.

How to use a welding straightener

The functions of the rectifier include voltage equalization and conversion and generation of direct current, while using alternating current. The rectifier consists of the following elements.

A diode block, a transformer on which the current reduction function is installed, a mechanism that regulates start-up and protection. If we compared a rectifier and a transformer according to their construction system, it would be obvious that the first one is much more complex.

This is the main advantage of the rectifier, that they are more convenient and much better in operation. The arc and current, and most importantly the seam that comes out as a result has a high quality of work.

We will tell you about the advantages of rectifiers using the example of one of them, let’s take VD-301. As we said above, a rectifier makes stronger and stronger connections than a transformer.

But everything has its drawbacks, and the rectifier also has several drawbacks. The rectifier is huge, so it is not easy to locate it somewhere; at the same time, it requires a very high voltage to work with it, and this weakens the entire network.

How to use the inverter

If what you talked about earlier has existed on our market for a long time and has already become common among arc welding users, then such a thing as an inverter remains an innovation; it appeared on our market quite recently.

The characteristics of the inverter are such that it operates at high powers and with a frequency of more than five hundred Hertz. If you transmit energy using an inverter, then it is no longer a large machine like a transformer.

You can use something more compact, the main thing is that it ensures the flow of direct current during the entire operating time of the inverter. The entire inverter weighs around 10 kilograms.

This makes the device convenient and portable, very convenient to use. The construction of an inverter consists of two rectifiers, a control circuit and a device that converts alternating current. The inverter is characterized as an apparatus that can operate very stably.

When using manual arc welding, remember that it is not at all easy, especially for a beginner. And if you want to make this process easier, then you just need to choose a good device from the start, this will make a lot of things easier.

The first thing you look at when buying a welding machine is the range in which it can handle the welding current. It is this characteristic that indicates whether the device is powerful or not.

Also look at how quickly the device can ignite an arc; if the device does this for a long time, the efficiency of your work will drop significantly.

To determine all these indicators you do not need to be a professional welder; all information is in the packaging or in the instructions. Recommendation! If you see that the parameter 60-80 V is indicated, then such a device ignites the arc very quickly.

Rules for safe welding

As we wrote earlier, manual arc welding is a process that requires a lot of attention and experience from the one who performs this difficult work. When welding this way, it is worth remembering the safety rules.

Use a face shield for protection. You should always wear gloves and a protective suit that is not flammable. All this will protect you from burns, and this is a very common occurrence during such work, especially if you are just learning.

As stated earlier, there may be metal splashes and if they get on the body there may be severe burns, be very careful.

It is important before you start working to check whether your equipment is working well; be careful to check all the equipment from the cords to the electrodes.

And if you are just starting your journey in this area, then it is better to consult with a specialist, or even just stand for the first few times and watch how a person with experience does it.

I would like to add that arc welding is not an easy task at all. And you need to read a lot, try, practice and even watch a specialist work before you start your first arc welding.

You will have to understand the operating technology of each element and buy a good arc welding machine. And if you have a large amount of work and you understand that you cannot cope with it, then it is better to ask for help from a person who is familiar with this.

And if you follow our instructions on operation, choosing a device and safety precautions, then everything should work out for you.

Source: https://prosvarku.info/tehnika-svarki/kak-varit-dugovoj-svarkoj

How to weld correctly: basics, technology, choice of current, manual arc welding technique

In a private house, in a country house, in a garage and even in an apartment - everywhere there are many jobs that require metal welding. This need is especially acute during the construction process. Here, especially often, something needs to be cooked or cut off.

And if you can still cut it with a grinder, then there is nothing to reliably connect the metal parts with except welding. And if the construction is carried out with your own hands, then the welding work can be done independently. Especially in places where the beauty of the seam is not required.

We will tell you how to properly weld by welding in this article.

Basics of electric welding

Welded metal joints are the most reliable today: pieces or parts are fused into a single whole. This happens as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Most modern welding machines use an electric arc to melt metal. It heats the metal in the affected area to the melting temperature, and this happens over a small area. Since an electric arc is used, welding is called electric arc welding.

This is not a completely correct way of welding)) At a minimum, you need a mask

Welding technology

For an electric arc to occur, two conductive elements with opposite charges are required. One is a metal part, and the second is an electrode.

The electrodes used for manual arc welding consist of a metal core coated with a special protective compound. There are also graphite and carbon non-metallic welding electrodes, but they are used for special work and are unlikely to be useful to a novice welder.

When an electrode and metal of opposite polarity touch, an electric arc occurs. After its appearance, in the place where it is directed, the metal of the part begins to melt. At the same time, the metal of the electrode rod melts, being transferred with the electric arc to the melting zone: the weld pool.

How a weld pool is formed. Without understanding this process, you will not understand how to weld metal correctly (To enlarge the size of the picture, right-click on it)

During the process, the protective coating also burns, partially melting, partially evaporating and releasing a certain amount of hot gases. Gases surround the weld pool, protecting the metal from interaction with oxygen. Their composition depends on the type of protective coating. The molten slag also coats the metal, also helping to maintain its temperature. To weld properly, you must ensure that the slag covers the weld pool.

The weld is formed by moving the bath. And it moves when the electrode moves. This is the whole secret of welding: you need to move the electrode at a certain speed. It is also important, depending on the required type of connection, to correctly select its angle of inclination and current parameters.

As the metal cools, a slag crust forms on it - the result of the combustion of protective gases. It also protects the metal from contact with oxygen in the air. After cooling, it is beaten with a hammer. In this case, hot fragments fly away, so eye protection is required (wear special glasses).

You can read about how to make a barbecue out of a cylinder or barrel here. Just get some practice.

How to learn to cook by welding

It all starts with preparing the workplace. Safety when working with electric welding must be given increased attention: there is a possibility of injury from both electricity and high temperatures. Therefore, take your preparation seriously.

It is more convenient to learn to weld with electric welding on a thick piece of metal: it is better to practice on it. In addition to it and the welding machine, you will need gaiters (thick gloves) and a welder’s mask. You also need thick clothing that protects the entire body, and durable shoes with thick leather. They must withstand sparks and scale. You will also need a hammer and a wire brush to knock off the slag. You will need glasses to protect your eyes.

Electrode tilt

The main position of the electrode is tilted slightly towards you - at an angle from 30° to 60° (see figure). The amount of inclination is selected depending on the required weld and the set current. Focus on the condition of the weld pool.

The first position is called the “backward angle.” In this case, the bath and molten slag moves behind the tip of the electrode. Its angle of inclination and speed of movement must be such that the slag has time to cover the molten metal. In this position, we obtain heating of the metal to a greater depth.

Manual arc welding technique: positioning the electrode at an angle forward and at an angle backward

There are situations when the metal does not need to be heated very much. Then the angle of inclination changes to the opposite, the seam and the bathtub “stretch” behind the electrode. In this case, the heating depth is minimal.

Electrode movements

The answer to the question “how to properly weld with electric welding” is simple: you need to control the weld pool. To do this, it is necessary to hold the electrode at a distance of 2-3 mm from the metal surface and control the condition and size of the weld pool. This is where the skill of a welder lies.

The difficulty lies in the fact that several parameters have to be controlled simultaneously:

• move the electrode along one of the trajectories shown in the photo,
• as it burns, lower it a little lower, maintaining a constant distance of 2-3 mm;
• monitor the size and condition of the weld pool, accelerating or slowing down the movement of the electrode;
• follow the direction of the seam.

The movements of the electrode tip are shown in the figure. Those who want to learn electric welding for home use do not need to master all of them, but you will need two or three movements: for different situations, seams and metals.

Another element of manual arc welding technique: the tip of the electrode must move along one of these trajectories (or something similar)

How to learn to cook with electric welding? Practice movements on a thick piece of metal. Then you get not seams, but rollers. This stage is the initial one. On it you will master the basic skills of a welder: learn to control the distance from the tip of the electrode to the part, and at the same time, move it along a given path, monitor the weld pool and the slag in it.

To do this, take thick metal and draw a line on it with chalk: you will need to lay a roller along it. You light the arc and begin to master the movements, learning to control the bath at the same time. You won’t succeed the first time, or even the tenth time. You will probably use a dozen electrodes. When the manual arc welding technique has been mastered: the bead is uniform, its width and height are constant (or almost), you can try to connect the parts.

You should get similar rollers. This way you can learn how to weld using electrodes correctly.

Read how to make a gazebo on a metal frame in this article, and here the construction of a shed on a metal frame is described.

Learning to hold the electrode correctly and move the bath is not enough for a good result. It is necessary to know some of the subtleties of the behavior of the metals being joined. The peculiarity is that the seam “pulls” the parts, which can cause them to warp. As a result, the shape of the product may differ greatly from what was intended.

Electric welding technology: before starting to apply a seam, the parts are connected using tack welds - short seams located at a distance of 80-250 mm from each other

Therefore, before work, parts are secured with clamps, ties and other devices. In addition, tacks are made - short transverse seams laid every few tens of centimeters. They hold the parts together, giving the product its shape. When welding joints, they are applied on both sides: this way the resulting stresses are compensated. Only after these preparatory measures do welding begin.

Read about the types of welds and joints (horizontal, vertical, ceiling) and how to weld them correctly here.

How to choose a current for welding

It is impossible to learn how to weld using electric welding if you do not know what current to set. It depends on the thickness of the parts being welded and the electrodes used. Their dependence is presented in the table.

But with manual arc welding, everything is interconnected. For example, the voltage in the network has dropped. The inverter simply cannot produce the required current. But even under these conditions you can work: you can move the electrode more slowly, achieving good heating. If this does not help, change the type of movement of the electrode - passing over one place several times. Another way is to use a thinner electrode. By combining all these methods you can achieve a good weld even in such conditions.

Now you know how to weld properly. All that remains is to practice the skills. Choose a welding machine, buy electrodes and a welding helmet and start practicing.

To reinforce the information, watch the video lesson on welding.

Source: http://openfile.ru/remont/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB% D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0% D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD.html