How to solder a tin - Metals and their processing

Soldering galvanized steel at home

Soldering galvanized iron requires a specific approach to the process. Flux is required for this. This substance is both a solvent and an oxidizing agent.

Additionally, this substance allows the metal to be wetted with iron, so you can get a high-quality seam. Most often, rosin or hydrochloric acid is used as a flux for working with galvanized parts or products at home.

In some cases, it is possible to use boric acid or zinc chloride.

When is galvanized metal suitable for soldering?

To correctly solve the question of how to solder galvanized steel, it is necessary to consider some of the properties of zinc. This metal begins to melt at a temperature of +460 oC. And at a temperature of +960 oC it begins to evaporate.

Above these temperature values, pores, cracks and solder joint defects begin to form in the material. Therefore, the procedure can be carried out only with lower rates. An alternative is to use filler wire.

In industrial conditions, the procedure in this case is carried out in a protective gas environment. Wire containing copper with silicon, bronze and aluminum is more often used.

These materials provide the following advantages:

the welding seam is protected from corrosion;
Spattering during soldering is minimal;
the coating fades slightly;
the procedure requires low heat levels;
processing the formed seam is simple;
Natural cathodic protection is formed in the weld area.

Solder for household work, its composition and properties

Solders are usually classified into hard and soft. For soldering galvanized steel at home, only the second group is used. If you use hard solders, it is not only impossible to achieve a high-quality weld, but there is also a risk of warping of the galvanized iron products themselves.

Filler materials must have a low melting point, the point should be lower than that of the base material. Most often, POS-30 solder is used at home; it is a tin-based substance. It is better to use zinc chloride as a flux. If the surfaces have been tinned in advance, then rosin can be used.

POS 30 is characterized by the following properties:

optimal fluidity, materials penetrate into all spaces, filling even small voids;
relatively low melting point;
POS 30 are produced in various standard sizes, which allows you to select the optimal modification for specific work;
a high degree of wettability facilitates the process and guarantees higher quality results;
materials can be used for tinning workpieces;
POS 30 has good conductivity and low resistance, which allows it to be used for soldering small parts;
After hardening, the materials rigidly fix the parts together.

The connections are smooth and tight. The seams are balls on top of the base material.

If the elements to be soldered are large, then before soldering they need to be tinned - cover the surfaces with a thin layer of solder. The same action is necessary when soldering cylindrical products that fit into each other. If these are pipes, then solder is applied to an element with a larger diameter from the inside, and for a part with a smaller diameter - from the outside.

POS 30 consists of 30% tin and 70% lead. The material has the following technical parameters:

the material begins to melt at +180 °C;
complete melting of POS 30 occurs at a temperature of +256 °C;
density – 10.1 kg/m3;
alloy elongation in relative terms – 58%;
crystallization interval – 73 oC;
tensile strength – 32 mPa.

Equipment for work at home

Before wondering how to solder galvanized iron at home, you need to prepare the necessary equipment. The main tool is a regular soldering iron with an awl-shaped tip. But other devices will also be useful. A soldering iron requires a special holder or stand that will hold the tool in a heated state.

To accurately connect small parts, you will need tripods with optical lenses. To remove smoke from the room - smoke absorbers. Tin pumps will be needed to remove excess tin. There are various switches, thermal pastes, control modules and adapters.

This equipment will not only allow you to perform the soldering process, but will also provide the highest quality results.

Source: https://respect-kovka.com/payka-otsinkovki-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

How to solder with a soldering iron: types of devices, preparation for work, tips for soldering iron and steel

When installing electrical circuits and connecting metal parts to each other, a reliable and proven method is used - soldering. A soldering iron is used to solder metal parts. Inexperienced and novice installers need to know how to solder with a soldering iron and what they need to have for the job.

Designs and varieties

The soldering process involves filling the space between the conductors with molten material, predominantly tin-lead solders. The melting point of solders should be lower than the heated area of the tip. The soldering iron should be selected depending on the type and type of work required to be performed. Soldering irons are electric and heated by open flame.

Designs and types of soldering irons:

With a nichrome heater made of wire wound on the surface of an insulator, into which a tip is inserted. Such tools heat up slowly and have a short service life.
With a ceramic heater, to the terminals of which electric current is supplied. Such soldering irons are characterized by accelerated heating and increased service life.
Impulse tools have instant heating. They are turned on by pressing and holding a button. In just 2-3 seconds, the tip warms up to the required temperature for working with solder. The soldering iron is shaped like a pistol with a tip.
Gas soldering irons can be used autonomously, this is their main advantage. The working part of the tip is directed directly to the burner flame, through which heating occurs.

To perform certain types of soldering work, electric soldering irons are selected based on power. To solder semiconductor elements in a circuit, a power of 15 W to 25−40 W is sufficient, depending on the size of the heated surface of the radio-electronic component.

Certain types of soldering irons have special purposes. Soldering irons with a power of 40 W and above are well suited for tinning wires. For joining large metal areas, tools with power of 65 W, 80 W, 100 W, 150 W, 200 W, 300 W and 500 W are used.

Electric soldering irons are available with different supply voltages:

industrial - 380 V;
household - 220 V, 36 V, 24 V, 12 V, 6 V;
special - 42 V and 110 V, used in railway transport.

Preparing the tool for work

To know how to use a soldering iron correctly, you need to master the skills of preparing the tool for soldering. The first thing that needs to be done after turning on the electric soldering iron is to tin the working section of the tip, which is a cylindrical rod made of a copper alloy. As a rule, the tip is located inside the heater and is fixed using a special screw or other fastening methods, depending on the design features of the soldering iron.

Sting processing

The first thing you need to pay attention to is the quality of the working part of the tip. The end of the tip that is usually used for soldering must be prepared for use. The shape may take the form of a spatula or a sharpened needle, depending on the type of work planned.

To prepare the working surface of the tip, you need to perform the following steps:

Using a hammer, beat the tip and give it the shape of a spatula (screwdriver). You can use angular sharpening, which is best used for soldering more massive elements. By increasing the working surface, heat is transferred better.
For soldering small elements (semiconductor radio components, thin installation wires), it is recommended to sharpen the edge in the shape of a sharp cone. This way, parts that are afraid of overheating are exposed to less thermal influences. This will protect them from failure and allow the tool to work longer.
The cone-shaped sharpening point can be used on more powerful soldering irons to work with large conductors.

To prepare the working part of the tip, use a hammer, file or needle file, sandpaper, solder and flux. After processing the element with a hammer, it must be given the desired shape using a file or needle file, and then sanded with sandpaper.

Tinning methods

The next important point is the tinning of the end of the tip, which prevents it from rapid wear and corrosion. For tinning, you can use fluxes or pine rosin. It is necessary to prevent the soldering iron from overheating, as this makes tinning difficult. When you turn on the soldering iron for the first time, smoke may appear, which is usually caused by the substances used in the manufacture of the tool.

For further operation of the device, it is important to know what is needed for soldering with a soldering iron. First of all, it is necessary to tinning. This is done in two ways.

According to the first method, for tinning you need:

heat the tip to the optimal temperature;
immerse its end in rosin;
rub the solder with the tip of the tip until a shine appears.

The second method involves the following steps:

You need to moisten a rag with a solution of zinc chloride and wipe the tip with it.
After this, you need to evenly rub the molten solder over the surface of the tip using a piece of table salt.

For tinning, you can also use various fluxes and soldering fats (soldering lard). To solder wires with a soldering iron, you need to prepare the tool itself, solder fluxes or rosin, auxiliary devices (soldering iron stand, pliers, wire cutters, tweezers, sponge for cleaning the tip).

Technological recommendations

It is necessary to follow the soldering technique with a soldering iron. Before soldering the wires, they must first be stripped of insulation. After this, the cleaned surface is inspected. Depending on the brand of wire, there may also be varnish on it. If the insulation was removed from the wires long before soldering, oxide may form. There are two ways to remove oxidized films and varnish:

Mechanical, using fine-grained sandpaper. This method is applicable for single-core wires of large diameter. It is not recommended to strip stranded, thin wires in this way, as they can be torn.
The chemical method is used for thin stranded wires, but is more harmful for the installer, since toxic solvents enter the lungs when inhaled with air. The varnish coating can be removed without prior stripping using acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). A wire is laid on the tablet and thoroughly heated with a soldering iron. Temperature and acid remove the varnish from the surface of the wire.

When working with enameled wires, you can use a special flux that destroys the coating and creates a film that protects against contact with air. This flux is called active. After completing soldering work, it must be removed using a damp rag or sponge.

If you need to solder a wire to a metal pad (for example, grounding), it must first be tinned. The surface to which it will be soldered must be cleaned until shiny and degreased. Following this, flux is applied and pieces of solder are laid. The place is thoroughly warmed up, after which a wire is applied to it.

In order to properly solder the wire to the desired location, it is necessary to follow the soldering technology. For this, POS-60 solder is used in combination with rosin or special fluxes, as they give it fluidity and ductility during soldering, and also protect the surface from interaction with oxygen.

You need to solder the wires with a well-heated soldering iron so that its temperature is sufficient to melt the solder. The stripped wire is lowered into rosin melted with a soldering iron. Having previously collected solder, you need to pass the tip along the bare wire several times, after which the already tinned conductor can be soldered in the required place. For ease of operation, you can use a “third hand” device. It is used to fix the conductor to which the wire will be soldered.

Soldering galvanized iron

When galvanized carbon steel products are manufactured, they are often coated with zinc using a hot-dip method. To obtain a shiny steel surface, lead, tin and aluminum are added to the bath in an amount of 1%. Steel sheets are also coated with zinc using the galvanic method.

Galvanized iron is difficult to solder, so it is necessary to have special active fluxes , consisting of concentrated hydrochloric acid and a solution of zinc ammonium chloride, as well as fluxes based on zinc chloride and ammonium with the addition of tin chloride. Tin-lead solders in combination with fluxes have good fluidity and provide high-strength connections.

First, flux is applied to the surface to be soldered, after which the exposure is observed. This is necessary for the reaction to take place. For soldering, you must have a large soldering iron with a high operating temperature. Before soldering the conductors, you must first rub the surface of the connection, and after soldering, you must remove any remaining flux.

How to solder stainless steel

Soldering stainless steel is a labor-intensive process. It is produced at temperatures from 500 to 700 degrees Celsius using solder (tinol). Solder for stainless steel is selected based on soldering conditions and steel composition.

The alloy contains no more than 25% chromium and 25% nickel; such compositions produce very strong connections. Borax is used as a flux, which is applied to the surface in the form of a paste or powder.

After the borax melts, the metal heats up and turns bright red, then solder is injected into these joints.

After soldering is completed, the remaining flux is removed using water or sand blasting. The use of nitric and hydrochloric acid is extremely undesirable, since a reaction between the solder and the metal may occur, leading to the destruction of the latter.

Homemade hammer soldering iron

At home, you can make a powerful soldering iron for soldering massive metal elements. This soldering iron has a high heat capacity, which provides sufficient temperature to perform the necessary work.

You need to rivet a massive copper bar or thick rod to make the sting. It will need to be turned with a file to get distinct edges and edges. The angle should be between 30 and 45 degrees. As a holder, you can use a steel rod or plate that will be attached to the soldering tip. You can also make a handle and attach it to the soldering iron.

Source: https://chebo.biz/stroyka-i-remont/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom-vidy-neobhodimye-materialy.html

When soldering tin plate products, alloy and solder are used: technology and methods

Both in production and for domestic purposes, one often has to deal with the need to connect various parts. In each specific case, there is a separate, most optimal technology that allows this process to be carried out.

THIS IS INTERESTING: What power is needed for a generator for inverter welding

One common task is working with cold-rolled sheet steel. When soldering tin products, a method using lead-tin solders is used.

1 About soldering tin products
2 Process technology
3 Summary

About soldering of tin products

Solder POS-40 with a rosin channel.

This process is quite common in the manufacture of metal containers. However, often in everyday life you may encounter the problem of joining sheets of tin. An important point of the task is the need to form a reliable sealed seam.

When soldering products made from cold-rolled sheet iron using tin solder, you should have an alloy with a low stanum content, for example POS-40 or POS-18, flux, a soldering iron, and an awl.

Flux is used as a solvent and oxidizing agent. Thus, in this case, wetting and protecting the product are carried out simultaneously. Rosin, hydrochloric acid or zinc chloride are perfect for this type of material.

The most suitable tool for carrying out the soldering process is a regular soldering iron with a power of at least 40 watts.

Process technology

The tin parts are connected in accordance with the following steps:

cleaning of parts;
applying flux;
soldering iron preparation and tinning;
soldering;
processing the formed compound with gasoline.

Properties of various brands of solders.

The joints can be cleaned mechanically. For these purposes, you should use sandpaper or a wire brush. If there are serious contaminants that cannot be removed by simple methods, you can use solvents.

If this method turns out to be ineffective, then you should resort to hydrochloric acid.

Then they proceed directly to the connection. The iron sheets are brought closer to each other by three tenths of a millimeter. The edges of the parts must be treated with flux. It is important to remember to clean the soldering iron tip before use. This cleaning can be done using simple sandpaper.

Now the tinning stage is carried out. Using the above-mentioned POS, the edges of the product are processed. This is necessary to cover their surface with a layer of tin, which performs protective anti-corrosion functions.

All preparatory procedures are ready and you can solder the two parts together. The soldering iron tip is brought directly to the joint and a joint is formed using tin solder.

It is important to understand that soldering iron with tin is a process that requires compliance with safety precautions. In this regard, basic precautions should be followed. Hands must be protected with special gloves.

At first glance, this procedure may seem quite simple. However, everything is not so simple. It should be treated with due care. After all, even minor errors in soldering can lead to the formation of a low-quality seam that does not meet the expected requirements.

Bottom line

The process of soldering tin products is a labor-intensive task. To obtain a high-quality and reliable seam, it is necessary to carry out careful preparation in accordance with the instructions. The edges of the product must be well cleaned using mechanical or chemical methods.

It is also important to make the connection using a soldering iron with a power of at least 40 W. If you correctly follow all the steps indicated in this article, then there will be no problems with soldering tin.

Source: https://tutsvarka.ru/vidy/pajka-izdelij-iz-zhesti

How to solder without a soldering iron: wire, board, contacts

Soldering technology is often used to join various alloys and metals. It involves the use of special equipment that is capable of providing a targeted thermal effect. In the absence of a soldering iron, soldering can also be carried out, for which special tools are used, for example, a soldering iron. Let us consider the features of such a process in more detail.

How to solder without a soldering iron

Using a homemade sting

To save money, many craftsmen decide to create a homemade tip. The operating principle of the soldering iron is quite simple:

There is a heating element that receives power from the power supply.
Heat is transferred to the sting, which has a pointed shape.
When the tip comes into contact with the material being processed, it heats up and becomes plastic.

You can make a homemade design as follows:

A piece of copper wire is required, which has a diameter of about 0.5 cm. A conductor can be used as a tip, one end of which is sharpened at an angle of 45 degrees. A small piece of fabric that is temperature resistant is also required.
One end of the cable is insulated. It will be used as a handle. Fiberglass is often used as an insulating material. Fixation is carried out using heat-resistant glue.

Homemade sting

Soldering without a soldering iron can be carried out using a fire source, for example, a gas stove. Using fire, the tip is heated, after which you need to touch the solder or rosin. Due to the use of a special material, the tip will become tinned and the tip can be used as a soldering iron.

Solder the garland using improvised means

Problems often arise with garlands that are used to decorate a home or tree. Due to the use of thin wires, they are often interrupted and soldering is required. Among the features of this work, we note the following points:

In most cases, the problem occurs in the control unit, since the wires are not attached securely.
A breakthrough may occur along the entire length of the product.
If all light sources are connected in parallel, then the failure of only one leads to an open circuit of the entire circuit.

It’s quite easy to find loose contacts, but a break is only possible when using a tester. Only after finding the break point can you start soldering. You can solder without a soldering iron as follows:

The broken wires should be cleaned.
You can make a small twist on which the paste is applied. It will be used to distribute the alloy used.
The next step is to melt the solder, which can be done using a lighter or a candle.
After this, the junction is isolated using a tube, which is also slightly heated to increase its ductility.

Similar technology can be used to restore the condition of headphones. The soldering procedure does not take much time.

Soldering wires without using a soldering iron

Wires are prone to breakage. You can solder a wire without a soldering iron if you take into account several recommendations:

To begin with, the break point is located and the ends are cleaned.
After this, the wires are twisted together to create a strong connection.
The area being treated should be slightly warmed up. To do this, you can use a lighter or other heat source.
The solder is also heated to a plastic state, after which it is applied to the joint.

When working with large-section wires, you should grind the solder and sprinkle it on the surface, then heat the surface with a candle or lighter. In this case, the solder fills the free space, thereby ensuring reliable contact. When considering how to solder without a soldering iron, you should take into account the fact that only wires with a diameter of 2 mm can be processed in this way.

Soldering wires without a soldering iron

If you need to solder a flat element, then the parts are pre-tinned. At the time of soldering, the core is pressed and sprinkled with shavings of the selected alloy, after which the surface is heated.

In general, we can say that the soldering procedure without the use of a special device is in many ways no different from the usual one. For this you may need the following materials:

Solder directly.
A restrictive element that will prevent the metal from spreading.

In addition, you need to pay attention to the process of cleaning the surface being treated. It is recommended to clean it of dirt and then degrease it.

If you need to process wires with a diameter of up to 3 mm, you can do without a soldering iron; grooves are used for this. They can be made from aluminum foil, the thickness of which is 0.8 mm. Recommendations for soldering at home in this case are as follows:

Insulating materials are removed.
The damaged ends should be twisted together and then laid parallel.
A groove is made from foil that will cover the joint. It is used for solder distribution. It is recommended to use shavings.
The foil trough is heated with a candle or lighter. In this case, you need to be careful, as molten metal may leak out and cause burns. When working, it is recommended to use pliers.

If necessary, solder that has leaked out can be protected with sandpaper. The use of foil significantly increases the degree of insulation.

Soldering utensils or containers

Often there is a need to carry packs of dishes and other containers. Without a suitable soldering iron, work can only be done if the hole has a diameter of 6 mm. Among the features of the procedure, we note the following points:

POS60 is used as solder. This alloy is characterized by more attractive performance characteristics; the created patch can withstand significant mechanical stress.
The area around the defect is cleaned. It is recommended to create a surface that resembles a funnel.
Treatment is carried out using hydrochloric acid. It is able to remove all contaminants from the surface being treated.
It is recommended to place a plate on the reverse side that will prevent solder from leaking out. After the alloy hardens, the plate is removed.

Solder POS-60 1mm

As before, the solder should be made with shavings that fill the hole. After this, the problem area is heated using a lamp or other heat source.

Solder paste for soldering without a soldering iron; application features

There is a special paste on sale that can be used as solder. In addition, you can make it yourself. Among the features of the work carried out, we note the following points:

The area being treated is cleaned. The insulation is removed from each wire. After this, it is necessary to degrease, since soot may remain on the surface of the veins.
Using a brush or other similar tool, apply the paste. It is worth considering that it must be distributed evenly over the entire surface of the connection. The brush is selected depending on the cross-section of the wire.
The area where the paste was applied heats up. To heat up the solder, a hair dryer or a homemade sting or a regular lighter can be used as a heater. It is necessary to ensure that the substance does not boil, as this can lead to a change in its basic properties.

Soldering paste without a soldering iron

The composition of the paste you create yourself may vary somewhat depending on the area of application. After exposure to high temperature, the paste becomes a solid material that is resistant to mechanical and other stress.

Foil as a soldering method

The soldering method using foil is characterized by practicality. Typically, it only takes 5 minutes to restore the connection. Foil can be used as solder, which is unwound over the entire area and heated to a high temperature. Due to this, the plasticity of the material increases significantly; after cooling, it hardens.

Foil can be used in a variety of cases. An example is damage to the board or wire connection. Among the features of the work carried out, we note the following points:

Standard contact preparation is carried out.
The ends are twisted to form a joint. Due to this, the reliability of the connection is significantly increased.
The required amount of foil is cut off, the junction is wrapped in several skeins.

After this, uniform heating is carried out using a hair dryer or other heat source. When exposed to heat, the surface of the foil quickly becomes soft and plastic; after heating stops, it quickly cools and hardens, providing the required degree of sealing and strength.

In conclusion, we note that without a soldering iron it is almost impossible to carry out jewelry work, as well as soldering circuit boards. This is due to the lack of possibility of directed heat exposure. However, in some cases a soldering iron and other tools are not required.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/spravochnik/svarka/kak-pripayat-bez-payalnika-provod-platu-kontakty.html

Soldering tin at home - Metals, equipment, instructions

Soldering stainless steel is a rather labor-intensive procedure, but it will not cause any special problems if you know all the features of its implementation.

With significantly less labor, it is possible to solder stainless steel alloys that contain no more than 25% chromium and nickel.

Moreover, soldering stainless steel with such a chemical composition allows you to obtain reliable connections of products from dissimilar metals, excluding alloys with magnesium and aluminum.

Solder repaired bicycle frame

Soldering stainless steel, which contains a significant amount of nickel, can be difficult. This is due to the fact that in such alloys, when heated to a temperature of 500–700°, carbide compounds appear. The intensity of the formation of such connections depends on the duration of heating, so soldering should be performed as quickly as possible.

To minimize the risk of the formation of carbide compounds in the stainless steel structure during soldering, titanium is added to the alloy composition, and after the joint is formed, the product is subjected to heat treatment.

You should be very careful when soldering cold-worked stainless steels, the surface of which may become cracked under the influence of heated solder. To avoid such consequences, it is necessary to eliminate the load on the parts being connected during the soldering process.

In addition, it is possible to pre-anneal the products being joined.

Use a gas torch for annealing.

The choice of solder with which to solder stainless steel is influenced by both the chemical composition of the alloy and the process conditions.

So, if this process is carried out at high ambient humidity, then silver alloys should be used, which contain a small amount of nickel.

Soldering in an oven, as well as in a relatively dry atmosphere, is performed using chromium-nickel and silver-manganese solders.

The most common type of flux used when soldering stainless steel is borax, applied to the future joint in the form of a paste or powder.

Melting borax on the surface of the parts being joined contributes to uniform and most accurate heating of the area of the future seam to the required temperature - 850°.

Only after the required heating temperature has been reached, which can be determined by the color change of the future joint to light red, is solder introduced into the joint between the parts.

The flux is applied in an even layer over the entire surface, which must first be cleaned.

After soldering is completed, flux residues are present at the joint, which are removed by washing with water or sandblasting. To perform this procedure, you cannot use nitric or hydrochloric acids, which, although they effectively clean the flux remaining on the surface of the parts, have a negative effect on both the base metal and the used solder.

How to do soldering at home

Problems such as joining stainless steel parts using soldering and soldering stainless steel to copper are often encountered at home.

THIS IS INTERESTING: How much does a galvanized sheet weigh 0 7

Products made of stainless steel have been actively used in everyday life for many years, therefore, when for some reason they become unusable, any home craftsman has a natural desire to repair them himself.

It should be said right away that soldering stainless steel parts is not so difficult, the main thing is to strictly adhere to the technology, as well as stock up on the appropriate tools and consumables.

Master the soldering technique on simple connections, and then try working with more critical parts

Before you start soldering stainless steel, it is very advisable not only to study the theoretical material on this issue, but also to become more familiar with the rules for its implementation using training videos.

To solder stainless steel products, you will need the following tools and consumables:

a soldering iron powered by electricity with a power of at least 100 W;
special soldering acid, which will be used as a flux;
file or sandpaper;
solder, specially designed for joining steel parts, based on tin and lead;
cable made of steel;
metal tube.

Soldering materials and tools

When choosing a soldering iron for working with stainless steel, you should opt for a tool with a power of 100 W. Using a more powerful device to perform such work is simply not practical.

The process of soldering stainless steel parts is carried out according to the following algorithm.

First of all, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the area of the future connection, for which sandpaper or a file is used.
After preparing the surfaces of the parts to be joined, it is necessary to apply flux to them, which, as mentioned above, uses soldering acid. The main task of the flux is to ensure high-quality tinning of the parts to be joined.
After the surfaces of the parts to be joined are treated with flux, it is necessary to tinning them, which consists of applying a thin layer of solder consisting of tin and lead to them. If tinning was not successful the first time, then it is necessary to repeat this procedure, preheating the parts to be joined.
Even after heating the products and re-processing them with flux, tinning may not be successful - the solder will simply roll off the surface of the parts, rather than lie on them as a thin film. In this case, you need to use a brush with metal wires, which can be easily made from a tube and steel cable. Before using such a brush, it is also necessary to apply flux (soldering acid) to the surface of the parts and only then, heating the future joint with a soldering iron, clean it with a metal brush. This simple technique allows you to effectively clean the surface of a stainless steel from an oxide film, which, as a rule, is the main obstacle to high-quality tinning.
Once a thin layer of tin has been applied to the products to be joined, you can begin to solder them. This procedure is performed using a soldering iron and solder, which is used to fill the joint between the parts.

Solder Types

Stainless steel products can be soldered with both soft solders made on the basis of tin and lead, and hard types of filler material, which includes more refractory metals.

Soft solder, due to the fact that it is based on tin, is a low-melting material characterized by high ductility and fluidity in the molten state. What is especially important when soldering stainless steel products is that it has good deoxidizing ability.

Properties of soft solders

More reliable connections both in production and at home can be achieved by soldering using hard solders.

Very often, materials of this type are produced on the basis of technical silver, which can contain up to 30% in their composition.

Main brands of silver solders

One of the popular types of hard solder is the HTS-528 material, which is successfully used for soldering not only stainless steel, but also copper, brass, bronze, nickel and other metals.

Conveniently, it is produced in the form of a rod, the surface of which is already covered with a layer of flux.

When working with such solder in a production environment or at home, you should keep in mind that its melting point is 760°.

HTS-528 solder is a rod coated with red flux. In addition to stainless steel, it is suitable for cast iron and non-ferrous metals

Flux preparation

When soldering stainless steel, you should be very careful about choosing a ready-made flux or the recipe for making it yourself. The classic flux composition, which can be prepared at home, includes the following components:

borax (70%);
boric acid (20%);
calcium fluoride (10%).

For soldering small-sized products, you can prepare a flux that will consist only of borax and boric acid mixed in equal proportions. Having mixed the components of the flux in dry form, it must be diluted with water and treated with the resulting solution at the site of the future connection.

Useful tips

To perform stainless steel soldering efficiently, you should use the recommendations of experienced specialists.

The power of a soldering iron, which must effectively heat the metal being joined, is in the range of 60–100 W, but it is better to opt for a 100-watt device. To solder large parts, such as stainless steel pipes, you will need a gas torch rather than an electric soldering iron.
When choosing an electric soldering iron, it is better to opt for models equipped with tips that do not burn.
The most economical and universal type of solder, which makes it possible to obtain high-quality connections for stainless steel products, is tin-lead rods. If you are soldering dishes that will come into contact with food or liquids, it is better to use pure tin as solder, which does not contain harmful impurities.
The room in which soldering work is carried out must be well ventilated.
When performing soldering, be sure to use personal protective equipment so as not to harm your health.

What else you should know about soldering stainless steel

In cases where special requirements are imposed on soldered joints of stainless steel products, special grades of solders can be used, which include materials based on nickel and phosphorus, as well as nickel, chromium and manganese.

How to make glass at home

Solders of the second group are used, in particular, in cases where soldering is performed in a protective gas environment consisting of a mixture of argon and boron trifluoride.

When performing soldering using this technology, pure copper can be used as solder, which wets the metal well and forms a reliable connection.

When using copper solder, the soldering area will differ from stainless steel in a characteristic yellow color

Nickel-based solders make it possible to obtain joints with high strength. However, such materials also have disadvantages, which include low ductility.

That is why such filler material is not used to connect stainless steel structural elements that will be subject to shock and vibration loads during their operation. In addition, a soldered seam made of such a material is very critical to low temperatures.

Soldering with nickel group solders, which melt at temperatures exceeding 1000°, can be performed in dry hydrogen, argon and vacuum.

Thus, soldering stainless steel products (large pipes operated under pressure, dishes, pieces of furniture or interior design) has its own nuances, which must be taken into account when choosing both soldering modes and consumables. There are many reference books, guided by which, you can optimally select all the necessary materials and obtain a high-quality, reliable and beautiful soldered connection.

Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/payka-zhesti-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

How to solder galvanized steel at home with a soldering iron

The soldering process is the chemical joining of two metals using solder. Moreover, the crystal structure of the metal does not change. That is, the connected parts remain with their technical characteristics.

The connection itself is quite reliable, but much will depend on the type of solder and soldering technology. In addition, it should be noted that not all metals can be joined by this process. Basic metals, especially steel (iron), can be soldered together.

Three technologies

There are three technologies for soldering iron with tin:

soldering iron To do this, you will have to use soft solders with a high lead content;
blowtorch. This will require hard solders with a high tin content;
electrical soldering of iron.

The first method is used if the iron will not be subjected to heavy loads during operation. The second is tinning of iron with tin, when tin solder is applied to the surface of a metal product and rubbed over its entire plane in a thin layer.

This technology requires soldering flux. The third option is used on a production scale, for which special equipment is used.

Soldering sheet metal

Soldering tin (thin sheet iron) is a common process in the manufacture of metal containers. But often, even at home, it is necessary to fasten sheets of iron together, assembling sealed structures. Therefore, before soldering one sheet to another, you need to prepare everything you need.

For the process of soldering iron with tin, you will need solder with a small concentration of tin, for example, POS-40, flux, a soldering iron and an awl.

In the process of soldering iron, flux acts as a solvent and an oxidizing agent at the same time. That is, the metal is immediately wetted and protected from oxidative processes. Rosin and hydrochloric acid or zinc chloride and boric acid are used as fluxes.

As for the soldering iron, for high-quality tin soldering it is better to choose an electric tool with a power of more than 40 W. The old soldering tool, which is heated by the flame of a fire, is practically not used today, even at home.

Sequencing

Here are the main stages of this process:

cleaning of joined sheets;
applying flux;
heating up the soldering iron and tinning;
soldering with tin;
cleaning the joint with gasoline.

Cleaning is carried out mechanically with sandpaper. If the contamination is large, you will have to treat it with a solvent. If it is not possible to clean it using this method, then etching is carried out with sulfuric acid.

Two pieces of sheet iron are brought to each other at a distance of 0.3 mm. Their edges are treated with paste-like flux using a brush. The soldering iron tip is cleaned with sandpaper, and the tool itself is plugged into the electrical network through an outlet. To check whether it has heated up well, you need to place its tip in the ammonia mixture, which should boil.

Now the stage of tinning the iron is carried out. That is, using solder made of tin or its alloy, the edges of two sheets of tin are processed in order to cover them with a tin layer, which will perform protective functions against metal corrosion.

Everything is ready, all that remains is to solder the two ends of the sheets. The soldering iron tip is brought to the joint along with the tin solder, and they both move smoothly along the joint boundary.

In this case, the tip must be pressed not with a sharp end, but with a flat edge, due to which the parts being connected will warm up at the same time, which will affect the high quality of the iron soldering..

Features of working with galvanized products

Soldering galvanized tin in a purely technological process is no different from the previous one. But the technology has its own subtle nuances that affect the quality of the final result.

You cannot solder galvanized steel with solders that contain large amounts of antimony. This substance, when in contact with zinc coating, creates a weak seam.

It is better to use boric acid and zinc chloride as flux. If the products themselves have already been tinned with tin during the production process, then rosin can be used as a flux.

When a connection is made between galvanized iron (sheet) and wire, the latter must be bent at a right angle to increase the contact area of the two products.

The rest of the process is carried out exactly the same. By the way, it doesn’t matter whether the wire was made of galvanized or ordinary steel.

There are several more important points that must be taken into account in the process of soldering galvanized products. If solder rods based on tin and lead are used for soldering iron, then it is better to add flux based on zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. The ratio is 5:1 respectively.

Tin and cadmium based solder requires caustic soda as a flux additive.

If galvanized iron products, the protective layer of which contains more than 2% aluminum, are connected to each other, then solder based on tin and zinc is used. And hydrochloric acid and petroleum jelly (stearin) are used as flux.

Regardless of which parts or assemblies are connected by soldering, it is necessary, after the process is completed and the seam has cooled, to rinse the joint with water to remove any remaining flux.

Safety precautions

Soldering iron with tin is an unsafe process. Therefore, precautions must be strictly observed. Protective gloves are put on your hands, and a stand must be installed under the soldering iron so that the heated tip does not touch the table and available materials. And the procedure itself must be carried out carefully.

Despite the apparent simplicity of the soldering operation, it is actually a serious procedure. And you need to treat it with great attention. Something was missed, they were even applied incorrectly, and we can assume that the quality of the joint has dropped sharply. Therefore, it is important to approach each stage responsibly, especially when it comes to cleaning two joined iron products.

Greetings! In this material I will talk about the differences between soldering and welding, how to solder non-ferrous and ferrous metals, and also give some tips on strong soldering and safety precautions. Go.

Differences between metal soldering and welding

There are two main methods of joining two metals: welding and soldering. In the first case, the elements are held together by melting the edge of the metal. This can be either heating or bonding using pressure. In the case of soldering, the workpieces are fastened together using filler material - solder.

In some cases, soldering is a more gentle and economical way of joining workpieces. Soldering also has a number of advantages:

Both parts do not heat up to the melting point. In this way, it is possible to preserve their physical and chemical properties.
The workpieces do not require thorough cleaning and processing, as is required when welding.
Soldering equipment costs much less than welding machines.
Possibility of manufacturing complex units and structures.
The strength of the resulting joint. The parts do not bend or deform after soldering.

THIS IS INTERESTING: How to solder aluminum at home

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/kak-spajat-ocinkovku-v-domashnih-uslovijah

How to Record a Song in Adobe Audition

How to learn to solder. I decided to prepare just such a small special lesson, not directly related to the main topic, for those who not only have to solder cords, sockets, plugs, but anything else in general. So, let's begin

What do we need for soldering?

Of course, a soldering iron (ideally a soldering station), tin solder, rosin, ideally solder wire, which is a long, thin tin tube wound on a reel, similar to a wire, in the cavity of which there is rosin. Those. when soldering, in this case, we do not need, as in the old fashioned way, to lower the tip of the soldering iron, now into the rosin, now into the solder, but all this happens simultaneously at one point. More on this below

You can purchase all the necessary components at your nearest radio store.

If you do not have a soldering station, which is initially ready for soldering immediately after switching on, but a regular soldering iron, then before work (especially if it is new) you need to prepare it in a special way - tin it, otherwise it will not solder. Now let’s look at what “tinning” means.

How to tin a soldering iron?

Take a file and apply it flat to the cut of the soldering iron tip. Now we sharpen in the same plane, periodically looking at the tip, until it becomes flat, smooth and shiny.

After this, we lower the heated tip into rosin and immediately into solder (into tin). There will be almost no solder sticking to the tip, so immediately after this procedure we apply the tip to a small board, preferably of natural origin (not chipboard), preferably spruce or cedar (resinous), but in principle, any will do, you’ll just have to mess around longer.

So, we repeat this procedure (rosin → solder → board) until the cut of the tip, prepared in advance with a file, made of yellow-gray heated copper, becomes silvery and shiny from the solder evenly covering it. This is what is called “tinning”, in this case a soldering iron.

This is what a tinned soldering iron tip should look like.

Now we will learn to solder wires (after tinning it) to a brass tin, also tinning it from the beginning.

We dip the soldering iron tip into rosin, then into solder, and immediately, with the plane of the tip parallel to the plane, we bring it close to our brass test subject, without allowing the rosin to evaporate, we press it, then we rub it in, we grind, in general, we tin. If the rosin has evaporated or spread, we repeat the process, and gradually, gradually our tin is covered with high-quality solder adhering to it. If the material is clean or without strong oxides, then such tinning occurs quickly.

If solder wire is used, then we lean the tip of the soldering iron against the tin, and bring the tip of the solder wire to the point of their contact, trying to touch more of the tinned part of the soldering iron, and rub it against this part so that the tin and rosin enrich the contact point.

How to tin a wire?

Now let's tinker with the wiring. Carefully remove the insulation just enough so that we have enough space for soldering, and for the location of the heat-shrink tube (or other insulator) so that later there are no short circuits (short circuits)

It is easier to tin the wire, because Usually, the metal under the insulation is clean, not oxidized. We dip it in rosin, placing the tip of a heated soldering iron on top of it and slowly pull the wire out from under the soldering iron after the rosin melts and starts smoking. This is done, as you probably understood, so that the molten rosin envelops the contact part of the wire. Now we enrich the soldering iron tip with solder, touching the tin, and bring the tip to the rosin adhering to the wiring.

If the wire is copper and clean, tinning will occur immediately.

If not, you may have to repeat the operation or use solder paste instead of rosin - a special chemical (like soldering acid, if anyone is familiar) that allows you to tin, for example, even iron.

This is what solder paste looks like.

How to solder a wire?

We have a tinned experimental brass tin and a tinned wire, which we now have to connect, seal with heated solder and then cool in order to forever maintain their electrical connection, which we do by bringing the tinned part of the wire to the tinned part of the tin.

We bring the soldering iron tip enriched with solder to the place of their contact so that the solder covers the tinned parts of the soldered parts well. This will be facilitated by the rosin involved in the process. If something doesn’t go well, dip into it. Once the parts are in the molten solder, try not to move them anymore. You can lightly blow on the solder area until the shine of the solder darkens slightly, indicating that the solder has hardened.

That's it, congratulations! You did it.

How to unsolder the wire?

You can unsolder wires and various soldered joints using the reverse method - by heating the soldering area (tinned and dipped in rosin, heated) with a soldering iron tip until the solder melts.

And probably the final touch - you can also dip a small paint brush into the solvent and wash off the remaining rosin in the soldering areas.

What can you solder?

More precisely, what metals are good to solder? In the first place, this is, of course, copper, brass, gold, silver, lead, and, of course, tin. It is worse to solder (tin) iron, steel, zinc. To tin the latter, you will have to use a special solder paste (see figure above). There are also metals that cannot be soldered at all, for example aluminum.

Source: http://www.auditionrich.com/umelye-ruchki/kak-nauchitsya-payat.html

Soldering sheet metal at home - Metalworker's Guide

Both in production and at home, people are faced with the need to solder parts made of tin, which has its own characteristics and preparation.

In fact, tin is cold-rolled sheet steel, which is subsequently subjected to heat treatment and galvanic coating in the form of tin, zinc, chromium and other materials.

Tin (white and tinned) is used in the production of cans for cold drinks or metal containers of any size. In this way, lightening of the packaging body is achieved. Therefore, correct soldering of this metal is important.

Materials for soldering metal

The classic version of soldering sheet metal requires solder containing tin and other chemical elements, flux, and a soldering iron with an awl.

According to the recommendations, solder of the POS 40, POS 30 and POSS 4-6 brands should be used. This is due to the chemical properties of the materials during the tin soldering process. Each solder may contain several elements, including tin, antimony, arsenic, copper and bismuth.

These solders differ from others in shear resistance due to the impurity content. For example, POS 40 contains 40% tin, 2% antimony, 0.05 - 0.1% of the remaining elements. It also increases the tensile strength of the seam after soldering. When tin decreases in the composition, antimony is increased.

But it also happens that soldering requires the presence of a component such as lead (POS 90). In the case of galvanized material, the situation is different.

Soldering iron requires the presence of flux. Essentially, it is a solvent and a chemical oxidizing agent. During soldering, thanks to this element, oxidation does not occur. It also ensures that the metal is wetted with iron for better weld quality. Popular fluxes for metal are hydrochloric acid and rosin. The latter is actively used in the radio engineering industry. Zinc chloride and boric acid are sometimes used.

It will not be possible to select the most suitable flux for soldering parts made of tin, since each of them gives a positive result. If it is necessary to dissolve thick fatty substances, ammonium chloride is used. Often, mixtures of the above components are made for this procedure.

An important role in the process of soldering with tin is played by the tool used, which is usually a soldering iron. According to recommendations, its power should be more than 40 W. It is advisable to use an electric soldering iron. In this case, soldering will be convenient, and the resulting seams will be strong and reliable.

It should be noted right away that you should not leave the tool in a heated state unnecessarily in order to avoid a fire, as well as deterioration of the properties of the handle.

Soldering stations are used in industry, the cost of which is several times higher than classical equipment, but the products have various attachments, as well as additional elements (stand, temperature sensor, etc.).

Soldering process of metal parts

Soldering involves several stages, during which a high-quality seam is ensured. To solder metal you need:

surface cleaning;
degreasing;
applying flux;
preparing a soldering iron;
tinning the place of the future seam;
soldering of tin plate elements;
cleaning the surface with a gasoline mixture;
control of the resulting seam.

Cleaning of surfaces is ensured by the following tools:

The gap between the parts must be 0.3 mm for capillary forces to occur. This situation allows the metal to fill the edges of the gap and provide a quality seam.

Sometimes parts cannot be cleaned mechanically and etching is used, but in the case of tinplate this is a rare option. If there are grease stains on the surface, it is necessary to use a soda solution (10%).

At home, degreasing is done using acetone, gasoline or alcohol-gasoline mixture. Their properties ensure excellent cleaning.

The next stage of soldering tin metal is the application of flux. As a rule, this is done with a brush or rag. The flux is stored in ordinary containers at room temperature. Soldering involves abundant wetting of the seam area with this component.

In the process of preparing the soldering iron, it is necessary to ensure that the surface is clean so that in the future the solder can spread freely along the working plane. To do this, use coarse sandpaper or a regular file to sharpen the tip of the tool.

Then it is plugged into the network and warms up. Periodically, the tip is moistened with ammonia tincture to avoid unnecessary contamination. By the way, it is with this mixture that the heating level of the instrument is checked.

When the soldering iron is well heated, the ammonia on the surface begins to hiss and becomes covered with a greenish-blue tint.

Next, tinning is carried out. It should be noted that when soldering tin parts such as cans, this step is skipped, since it is included in the manufacturing technology. It provides increased density and strength of the seam. An important aspect is that the process is performed with the same material that is used during soldering. Thus, if metal soldering is carried out by POS 30, then tinning is also carried out with this solder.

The process of soldering metal products itself involves securing the elements for the convenience of creating a seam. One piece of tin is placed on top of another, or a small gap is formed between them.

You can hold the edges using an awl or other similar tool.

Using the heated tip of a soldering iron, take a little POS 30 (POS 40) solder and turn it to the side to spread this material over the entire surface (if the surface is not completely filled, it means the tool has not been properly cleaned).

The tip with solder is brought to the iron products and passed along the intended seam with smooth movements. Consolidation plays an important role in this case, since in the event of a potential shift, the process will have to be repeated again. Thus, the required amount of solder is applied to the surface, forming a high-quality seam. The soldering iron should be pressed with the entire edge, and not with its individual end. During this process, the elements of the sheet metal are also heated, due to which the seam is well attached to the surface.

After soldering is completed, the resulting metal layer should be treated with a gasoline mixture or alcohol to reduce the heat concentration and clean it from solder and acid residues. This helps prevent rust from occurring in the future.

Surface inspection is performed visually. Microscopes and magnifying glasses are used on an industrial scale. The seam should be glossy, without pores or cracks, covering only the required surface. Only in this case is the soldering considered to be of high quality.

Features of galvanized parts

For soldering galvanized sheets, POS 30 and POS 40 solders should be used. This is due to the fact that POSS 4-6 contains a large amount of antimony, which deprives the subsequently formed seam of strength and elasticity.

When soldering galvanized parts, a solution of zinc chloride is used according to the recommendations. In the case where the surface was tinned in advance, you can use rosin flux and not wash the product after soldering.

Soldering is otherwise ensured by the same technological process as described above.

Actions with wire

If you plan to solder wire to sheet metal, both galvanized and regular, you should first bend one of the corners at an angle of 90 degrees. This will ensure the strength and reliability of the structure. The process is completely similar to the previous description.

Precautionary measures

Be sure to use personal protective equipment. For the soldering iron, use special stands so that the tip does not touch the objects at hand. This may result in damage or an emergency.

Under no circumstances should you touch the seam until it has cooled completely, as skin burns are possible. It is advisable to work with special gloves so that elements do not get on your hands during the galvanizing soldering process.

An important aspect here is careful and careful handling.

As you can see, soldering parts made of galvanized or uncoated involves fairly simple operations that can be easily performed at home. You should follow the recommendations to obtain high-quality seams.

Source: https://ssk2121.com/payka-zhesti-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

Soldering sheet metal at home - Machine tools, welding, metalworking