How to solder correctly with a lighter

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron - how to learn how to solder aluminum and copper wires with a soldering iron yourself?

How to solder with a soldering iron?

This article will help you learn how to solder correctly with a soldering iron if you have not held one in your hands before. A soldering iron is a really necessary thing if you are a radio amateur, a system administrator, want to repair home electronics yourself, or if you want to learn something new and useful.

It is important to understand that if today you need to resolder wires in household appliances or solder the motherboard in a computer, reading one article will clearly not be enough. Despite its apparent simplicity, working with a soldering iron is almost an art that requires care, experience and a steady hand. Before you solder anything for a wire that has value, you should practice a fair amount on the consumable material.

Soldering iron operating principle

Understanding how a soldering iron works is not difficult. The heating element heats up to a high temperature ( 300 degrees and above ). Soldering is the process of absorbing a special substance (solder). It has a melting point lower than that of soldering wire.

The soldering iron melts the solder, which fills all the micropores of the metal, interacting with them at the molecular level. When cooled, it “sticks” and forms a stable connection between the two parts of the wire.

Soldering iron and tools needed for work

Answering the question “how to solder with a soldering iron”, it is necessary to touch upon the topic of the tools and consumables necessary for soldering. So, in order to solder correctly and efficiently, you will need:

• The soldering iron itself
• Special stand
• Solder
• Flux
• Additional tools

Soldering iron

There are many different models needed to solve a wide range of technical problems. But the main criterion is power. Based on power, they are divided into several types:

• 3-10 W. These are the lowest power models. They are designed for soldering the smallest and most sensitive microcircuits
• 20-40 W. They belong to the category of “household” or amateur radio. With their help you can solder a wire, a transistor or other part
• 60-100 W. If the wires requiring soldering are very thick, this type will do. It is often used by car enthusiasts or professional mechanics
• 100 W or more. With this soldering iron you can solder a thick wire, a pan or even a car radiator. They are used only by professionals, and for obvious reasons are not applicable in everyday life.

If you plan to solder radio components, a 25-watt tool will be sufficient. To solder a regular wire, the power should be enough, but for everyday use you should choose a model with 35 W or higher.

Stands are often sold as a set. They not only keep your workbench free of solder stains, but also allow you to always control the position of the tool. When working, it should be on the edge of the table. It is important to monitor the power cord.

Solder

This special low-melting alloy typically uses the following substances:

Or any other metal with a suitable melting point. The most fusible ones have a melting point of up to 80 degrees, and the most stable ones have a melting point of over 900.

POS 61 brand solder. The most convenient type is a thin wire.

Flux

This is the name of a special substance that acts as a connecting link between the solder and the metal of the wire. It helps solder adhesion, and successfully protects it from oxidation and helps degrease. The most popular brand is LTI 120.

If necessary, it can be done independently. To do this, just dissolve rosin in alcohol (about 60 to 40% ) and shake thoroughly.

Additional tool

To solder conveniently and safely with a soldering iron, you should acquire the following items:

• Wire cutters. They bite off the wire, remove the insulation, and support the part during operation.
• File – for cleaning the heating part of the soldering iron
• Scalpel with tweezers. They will help you avoid burning your fingers when working with small parts.

Getting Started

The new soldering iron must be cleaned and tinned. You should plug it into the network for 15-20 minutes. In this case, the factory lubricant often begins to burn out, and the tool itself may smoke a little, this is not a big deal.

After warming up, you should carefully clean the work surface with a file, and then immediately dip it in solder. It is important not to let it oxidize. The tool is now ready for use.

It is important if the tip of your tool is made of metal ceramics. It cannot be processed with a file. There is a special damp cloth for this, and you need to gently wipe the surface with it.

How to solder a wire: process

It is very important to prepare the surface. There should be no foreign substances on it, such as grease, paint, varnish, or insulation residues. The success of all work depends on cleanliness. If there is anything, you should carefully clean it with a scalpel and wipe it so that no dust remains.

Next, you take a little solder with the tip and carefully solder it in the right place. This is not a very complicated process, but it requires a “tough” hand, and the very first time you are unlikely to get a beautiful and neat solder.

While working, it is worth remembering a number of rules:

• Soldering must be fast
• If you can't solder the wires right away, you should let them cool before the second attempt. This applies doubly to radio components or microcircuits
• The end of the tool should be applied with the entire surface, the process will be most effective

How to solder wires more securely? You should twist them before starting the procedure. After cooling, they are insulated with electrical tape to avoid short circuits during operation.

A good solder is shiny, even, and free of any cracks. Then it will last as long as possible, and you will not have problems with the device.

Safety precautions

How to solder with a soldering iron without getting burned? Safety precautions must be observed. Working with a soldering iron is not the best time to try your luck with violating safety rules. There are some simple tips:

• Clear the work surface of foreign objects
• Remove overly curious children and animals from the room
• Watch the cord - if you touch it with your foot or hand, there is a risk of burns
• If there are strangers in the room, warn them that you are working with a soldering iron on.
• Flux - just a little. If you use too much, it can splatter on your hand, or in the worst case, directly into your eyes.
• Each time you should take no more solder than 2 solderings . If you overdo it, it can drip onto the table, hand, or even worse, onto the soldered chip.

By following these simple rules, you will protect yourself from extremely unpleasant consequences. If you take your work seriously and don't leave your soldering machine unattended, there shouldn't be any problems.

Solder the wires properly

The further operation of the entire device depends on how the wire is soldered. Experienced craftsmen give a number of tips for high-quality and reliable soldering:

• If there is not enough solder, it will not be able to properly hold the parts together and fill all the gaps
• If there is insufficient amount of flux on the tip, the soldering site turns out to be heterogeneous and uneven, which negatively affects the result. This can happen when the instrument is heated, then the rosin evaporates before soldering is completed.
• When there is too much rosin, it can splash out and touch adjacent contacts or wires, and in the worst case, get on your hand

With experience comes the ability to heat the soldering iron to the desired temperature and use exactly as much solder as needed. Maintaining perfect balance, the solder independently takes the desired shape and flows correctly around the contacts. This is exactly what we need to strive for.

It is best to use soldering irons that have a thermostat. Then it is easy to maintain the desired temperature, which has a positive effect on the process and result of the work. A soldering iron without a regulator can quickly overheat, and its tip can turn black from oxidation. Then you have to turn it off periodically. Maintaining the required temperature is very difficult, and the soldering is not of sufficient quality.

How to solder efficiently with a soldering iron?

The best way to learn how to do something is to practice. Soldering is no exception. There are a number of exercises to help you master this undoubtedly complex but useful instrument.

You should take a bare or insulated wire (to practice stripping) and cut it into 12 equal pieces. To ensure that they are not too small, the optimal length is 30-40 centimeters (before cutting).

After cutting, you should take a soldering iron and form a cube from these blanks, using only a soldering iron and pliers. This will allow you to feel the instrument and get used to using it. Then the finished cooled cube should be taken in the palm of your hand and squeezed into a fist. The work is satisfactory if the adhesions remain intact. This can be practiced to keep your skills at a high level, even if you are an experienced professional and confident in yourself.

The second method of training to work with a soldering iron requires thin wire and a stripped cable. It needs to be wrapped around a wire, and then carefully soldered using a soldering iron and pliers. You should practice until you can solder the wires well the first time. After this, you should begin normal responsible work.

Regular practice will allow you to achieve significant progress in soldering very quickly. In no time, you will be able to repair your radio, wiring (with caution), or other home appliances yourself. But before that, you should entrust this matter to specialists so as not to risk expensive items.

Source: https://remont.youdo.com/articles/repair/paykapayalnikom/

How to properly solder with a soldering iron with acid

> Electrician's tips > How to properly solder with a soldering iron with acid

Most often, for soldering printed circuit boards in radio engineering products and household appliances, they prefer to use ordinary pine resin rosin, but it can be replaced with other components. When molten, it promotes the spreading of tin solder along the copper traces of the board.

This allows you to reliably solder the legs of radio components and the ends of connecting wires. Rosin allows you to effectively solder copper, tin and silver products.

In order to solder galvanized and stainless iron, radiators, buckets, pans, various alloys, brass and other metals, you can use acid solutions.

Bottle with acid solution for soldering metals

Acidic solutions

It is important to choose the right acid solution. It depends on the type of metal from which the parts are made. This could be an aluminum or copper radiator, a kettle that needs to be soldered, copper, brass or roofing iron:

1. Galvanized iron. Places where it is necessary to solder are treated with an acid solution, correctly called (zinc chlorate). This composition can be bought in specialized stores; the easiest way is to prepare it yourself.

To do this, it is enough to throw pieces of zinc into 100 ml of hydrochloric acid, which can be removed from the body of AA batteries. After the chemical reaction is completed, the zinc will dissolve, releasing a large amount of hydrogen.

It is correct to carry out the process in a well-ventilated area, in the absence of open flame.

After the solution has cooled and settled, the upper transparent yellow part is poured into a clean glass container. The sediment is poured into the ground; it is not recommended to drain into sewers with metal pipes. Acid can damage pipes and seals. The remaining part of the solution is ready for processing galvanized iron roofing.

How to solder sheets of roofing iron

1. Stainless steel. Before soldering, the surface is cleaned and treated with phosphoric acid, which contains the following elements:
   

• up to 50% zinc chloride;
• ammonia up to 0.5%;
• dissolves in water with a pH concentration of 2.9%.

Phosphoric acid is used for soldering as a flux and for cleaning metal from rust.

The solution can be transparent, light yellow or colorless; when heated to 213ºC, it is converted into H4P2O7 (pyrophosphoric acid), which degreases the surface of metals. The composition dissolves the oxide film on various metals and alloys:

• stainless steel;
• brass;
• Nickel alloys;
• copper alloys;
• alloys of carbon metals and low-alloy steel.

Application of acids

To solder metal products (pipes, radiators, buckets, pans), the surface of the elements is thoroughly cleaned, using a file or sandpaper. An acid solution is applied to the cleaned areas with a brush, after which solder is melted to a liquid state on the surface with a soldering iron.

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron

Liquid solder tins the cleaned areas; when boiling, the acid flux comes to the surface. When the solder hardens, the soldered elements are securely and hermetically fixed.

You can solder with a powerful soldering iron or an open flame from a gas burner. Various heat sources can be used depending on the surface area to be heated and the melting point of the solder.

Remains of acid flux are washed off with water, preferably a soapy, alkaline solution, this will prevent further corrosion of the metal.

Machined and brazed stainless steel elements

Acid can damage skin and muscle tissue, and inhaling vapors can damage the respiratory organs. When contacting air, hydrochloric acid enters into a chemical reaction, and smoke is visible above the open container. To work correctly in these conditions, wear safety glasses, rubber gloves, a gas mask, or a respirator.

If the solution gets on the skin, wash this area of ​​the body with a 6% alkaline solution or plain soap. It is not recommended to solder radio circuit boards with fluxes containing acid. The acidic components are difficult to wash off and contribute to the breakdown of copper tracks. It is better to replace them; there is a special paste for this.

Soldering acid solutions should be stored correctly in containers made of the following materials:

• glass;
• ceramics;
• porcelain;
• fluoroplastic

Such dishes do not react with acid; the prepared composition can be stored in it for a long time.

Soldering without a soldering iron

At home, if you don’t have a soldering iron, you can solder copper wires with a diameter of up to 2 mm. For soldering radiators and utensils, special solder, blowtorches, and gas torches are used, since the copper rod of the soldering iron is not able to heat a large surface area. There are several ways:

1. Tinning and soldering wires in molten solder . The wire is first heated, applied to a piece of rosin, it melts and spreads evenly over the surface of the connection. The wire is twisted and lowered into molten solder in a tin can over a fire; it can be heated with a blowtorch. In order to solder the twist, it is advisable to hold it in boiling tin for up to 1 minute. The copper wires will heat up and the alloy will fill all the gaps between the twisted wires. In this way you can solder small parts made of copper, brass and other alloys.

Tinned and soldered copper wire

1. Soldering wires in the trench . The stripped and twisted wires are laid in a 2-3 cm piece of aluminum tube, 0.5-1 cm in diameter, sawn lengthwise. The top is filled with a mixture of fine shavings of solder and rosin dust, and from the bottom this structure is heated with a lighter, candle or small blowtorch.

Heating the solder with a blowtorch (torch)

The mixture melts and thoroughly envelops all wire connections. After hardening, the aluminum gutter is removed and the joint is insulated.

Solder shavings can be sharpened with a coarse file.

1. A thin copper wire up to 0.75 mm can be laid on aluminum foil, sprinkled with a mixture of rosin and tin shavings, wrapped tightly and heated for 3-4 minutes. The solder will evenly fill all the elements at the soldering site; after cooling, the foil can be removed and discarded.

How to prepare solder paste

Soldering paste is sold in radio parts stores, but you can prepare it yourself. To 32 ml of hydrochloric acid add 12 ml of ordinary water, then pieces of zinc - 8.1 g. For this, enamel dishes are used.

How to tin a soldering iron: preparation and care of the soldering iron

After the dissolution reaction is completed, tin – 8.7 g is added to the composition. When the second dissolution reaction is completed, the water is evaporated to a paste-like consistency of the solution. The paste is transferred to a porcelain container, where powder is poured, which contains:

• lead – 7.4 g;
• tin – 14.8 g;
• dry ammonia – 7.5 g;
• zinc – 29.6 g;
• rosin – 9.4 g.

This paste is mixed with 10 ml of glycerin, heated and stirred.

How to solder correctly, sequence of actions:

• The parts at the soldering site are cleaned, the wires are twisted;
• the paste is applied with a brush in a thin layer;
• the surface for soldering is heated with a plasma lighter, torch, candle or alcohol tablet, or even with matches or over a fire until the paste melts;
• After melting, the soldering elements are removed from the heat source, and the solder hardens.

The paste is very effective when it is necessary to solder copper wire, small parts made of alloys based on copper, brass, such as radiators, samovars and other products.

Soldering utensils

How to install a socket with your own hands correctly

Buckets and pans with holes no more than 5-7 mm in diameter are recommended to be soldered without using a soldering iron with POS-60 solder. Leaky places on the dishes can be reliably soldered. To do this, the holes are carefully cleaned with sandpaper from the inside of the container. The hole along the edges is given a conical shape, the cleaned areas are treated with a solution of soldering acid with a brush.

In order to prevent solder leakage from the outside, all bottoms or individual places where holes need to be soldered are covered with thin tin plates. Powdered solder and rosin are poured into the cleaned holes from the inside. The soldering areas are heated over an open fire until the solder melts and fills all the cracks.

For radiators, stripping and soldering are carried out from the outside. To prevent solder from leaking inside, the hole is covered with a plate of tin, galvanized iron, or can be replaced with copper or brass. The choice depends on the material from which the radiator is made. Homogeneous metals and alloys that are similar in composition are easier to solder.

After completing the soldering process of radiators, the internal and external surfaces are thoroughly washed with an alkaline, soapy solution in order to prevent the effect of acidic components on the metal.

Bottle with flux for soldering aluminum

When it is necessary to solder aluminum parts, special solders are used:

• 4:1 mixture of tin and zinc;
• 30:1 mixture of tin and bismuth;
• 99:1 tin and aluminum powder.

The sequence of surface treatment is the same as for preparing iron utensils. In order to properly solder aluminum, rosin is added to the powder, but the melting point must be above 500ºC. It is recommended to stir the solder in the hole, using a thin copper soldering iron tip.

PCB soldering paste

The composition is not much different from the paste that is used to solder without a soldering iron; the powder includes the following components:

• tin – 14.8 g;
• rosin – 4 g;
• zinc dust – 738 g;
• lead powder – 7.4 g.

For a paste-like consistency, add diethyl ether - 10 ml, it can be replaced, use glycerin - 14 ml.

Soldering sequence:

• the legs and tracks of the printed circuit board are cleaned;
• in order to solder, the legs of the parts are inserted into the holes of the board;
• places where it is necessary to solder on the board are lubricated with paste;
• the paste is heated with a soldering iron until it melts;
• The solder spreads and hardens, providing reliable electrical contact between the parts and the traces of the printed circuit boards.

Soldering lessons.

You can learn how to solder correctly by watching this video.

From the above information it follows that, if desired, and if certain materials are available at home, you can solder in various ways, achieving high-quality fastening of parts and tightness of containers.

Soldering copper pipes using a torch

You can solder with or without a soldering iron almost all metals, alloys, aluminum, brass, copper, electrical circuit wires for various purposes, metal utensils, radiator housings and other pieces of equipment.

Source: https://jelectro.ru/sovety/kak-payat-kislotojj.html

Solder without a soldering iron: principle of operation and tinning, making paste with your own hands, repairing headphones

Cold soldering is a valuable skill. There are many situations where being able to repair or modify electronics can really save your day. But most people don't carry a soldering iron, and even if you do have a soldering iron, you may not have access to electricity. How to solder without a soldering iron?

So today I'm going to show you how to solder using objects and tools you have around (and some solder).

Using the tinning method when soldering

How to properly solder with a soldering iron with acid

A quick way to solder wires is tinning. To do this, you can use an ordinary nail or a piece of copper wire, the end of which must be flattened with a hammer. Soldering is done as follows:

1. The ends of the wires, stripped of insulation, are twisted.
2. Flux is applied to the twist.
3. Solder is converted into powder using a file or needle file.
4. The flux on the twist is generously sprinkled with lead-tin chips.
5. A metal rod (nail, copper wire, etc.) is heated over an open fire. A gas burner or a blowtorch can be used for this.
6. The hot core is passed along the twisted wires until a tinned connection surface is obtained.

Using a homemade sting

To save money, many craftsmen decide to create a homemade tip. The operating principle of the soldering iron is quite simple:

1. There is a heating element that receives power from the power supply.
2. Heat is transferred to the sting, which has a pointed shape.
3. When the tip comes into contact with the material being processed, it heats up and becomes plastic.

You can make a homemade design as follows:

1. A piece of copper wire is required, which has a diameter of about 0.5 cm. A conductor can be used as a tip, one end of which is sharpened at an angle of 45 degrees. A small piece of fabric that is temperature resistant is also required.
2. One end of the cable is insulated. It will be used as a handle. Fiberglass is often used as an insulating material. Fixation is carried out using heat-resistant glue.

Homemade sting

Soldering without a soldering iron can be carried out using a fire source, for example, a gas stove. Using fire, the tip is heated, after which you need to touch the solder or rosin. Due to the use of a special material, the tip will become tinned and the tip can be used as a soldering iron.

Features of soldering in the groove

Soldering iron repair

Connecting both single-core and multi-core cables with a cross-section of 3 mm2 without soldering equipment is possible in an original way:

• twist the stripped ends of the wires;
• a piece of foil is bent so as to form an elongated bath;
• a twist is placed in it;
• Flux is applied to the stripped wires and tin powder is added;
• the foil is heated with an open flame from a lighter or other flame source;
• during heating, the twist is rotated around its axis;
• upon completion of soldering, the remaining foil is removed;
• the soldered twist is wrapped in shrink film and heated until a dense layer of insulation is obtained.

Hot Iron

A metal object is heated on an open flame, for example a gas burner, or simply in a fire. A thick paperclip or nail will do. The size is selected based on the thickness of the material being soldered. The improvised tip is red-hot, then pressed against the prepared soldering area.

Solder must be placed in the work area in advance . It will not be possible to solder it efficiently in one go, so the procedure should be repeated many times.

This video demonstrates a simple method of soldering wires using a regular candle.

Sun and magnifying glass

By concentrating the sun's rays with a magnifying glass, you can create a point with a temperature of up to 600 degrees. This is quite enough to melt the solder, provided several conditions are met. Firstly, the magnifying glass must be fixed , since an unstable point of concentration of solar energy will not create the required temperature. Secondly, this value (600 degrees) is only theoretical.

When heating a material with good thermal conductivity (in our case, copper wire), the heat will instantly dissipate. However, a magnifying glass with a diameter of 8-15 cm is quite suitable for extreme soldering. Of course, provided there is sun and a cloudless sky. The greatest effect is achieved at noon.

Short circuit

This method is used when connecting single-core electrical wiring to improve contact in the twist. It is based on the spot welding method. You can use a regular car battery.

Therefore, the cables that supply voltage must be of large cross-section. Care must be taken when working.

Wires are suitable for “lighting”, which motorists use to revive a dead battery. To solder a wire without a soldering iron using a battery, you need to briefly touch the terminals to the twist at a distance of 1-2 cm. The contact time should be no more than 1 second.

Otherwise, you can damage the battery and melt the soldered wire. The joint is pre-treated with flux, and a piece of solder is placed on it.

Soldering dishes or containers

Over time, metal utensils can rust. There is no need to rush to throw away a leaky pan; it should be sealed.

Soldering station - operating principle and types

How to do this without a soldering iron? There is a simple way to do this. For the sting you will need a piece of metal strip 30-40 mm wide and no more than 1 mm thick. This is something that can be used instead of a soldering iron. You also need to prepare a piece of lead-tin alloy, flux and a blowtorch or gas torch. The work is carried out in several stages:

1. The metal strip is cut so that it is convenient to hold it with your hand. This side of the strip is wrapped with heat-resistant material.
2. The second end is cut in the shape of the letter V. It is sharpened with a file.
3. The pan is turned upside down. Some material with a metal plate is placed under it so that the metal fits tightly from below to the hole in the bottom.
4. Use sandpaper to clean the surface around the hole.
5. Solder is cut into pieces ø 3-5 mm.
6. Flux is applied to the cleaned surface.
7. Then pieces of solder are placed around the hole.
8. The working end of the strip is heated over an open fire.
9. A homemade soldering iron is used to tin the repaired area of ​​the bottom of the pan.
10. After cooling, the solder is polished with emery.

Note! To solder dishes and various containers for preparing food, you need to use a food alloy, which consists of 90% tin. This metal is absolutely harmless to human health.

Tinning without a soldering iron

To improve the contact of wires and increase the quality of soldering, preliminary application of solder to the places of the elements to be connected is used. This technology is called tinning and can also be carried out without using a soldering iron. To do this, you need a small container, which can be used as any metal lid from a jar.

The wires are prepared and the insulation is removed from the ends that are subject to tinning. Rosin and tin-lead solder are placed in the container. Next you will need to heat the contents over a fire. The bare and stripped ends of the wire are dipped into boiling rosin, and then into a mass of tin for a few seconds. After removing the wires, you must immediately remove excess solder using a soft rag so that the procedure leaves a thin, uniform layer.

If the purpose of tinning is not wiring, but the repair of dishes or other non-steel surfaces, then the container will not be suitable. The work is carried out directly on the part. To do this, solder with rosin is planed onto the processing site and subjected to heating from the bottom. Afterwards, the contents are ground, and the excess is removed with a rag. To obtain a high-quality result, it is recommended to treat the surface with a special acid. Now the tinned parts are ready for soldering.

Solder paste for soldering without a soldering iron

Solder paste includes flux and solder. This is very convenient when soldering without a soldering iron. There is no need to tinker with these two components separately. It is enough to apply the paste once to the junction of the wires and then heat it to the melting temperature of the solder.

Solder paste consists of metal powder, flux, and fixative (an adhesive substance to hold the alloy in a liquid state within the soldering area). The paste contains tin and lead powder with the addition of silver. The proportions of the composition vary depending on the purpose of the product.

Soldering with a lighter

When heated, the flux instantly evaporates, the solder firmly and tightly covers the entire twist of wires. The result is high quality soldering. The applied composition allows you to do without soldering irons and soldering stations.

For food soldering, it is recommended to use the following brands of pastes: POS 63, POM 3 and others. Paste soldering is used to work with microcircuits, where instead of soldering irons, thin metal rods are used, heated by external heat sources.

Source: https://instanko.ru/drugoe/kak-pripayat-bez-payalnika.html

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron: what is required for soldering using rosin

Whatever innovations the modern market of tools for repairing radio equipment offers, the soldering iron remains one of the most reliable and safe devices.

The process of soldering wires and microcircuits is considered effective because it allows you to achieve the strongest possible connection between wires and small parts.

This result can be achieved by adding a special material to the contact area - solder, which has a lower melting point than that of the parts being connected.

Thus, soldering with a soldering iron is the effect of a certain temperature on different metal surfaces for their strong and high-quality connection. However, before you start working with a soldering iron, you should first understand the rules of soldering and other intricacies of this process.

What you need for soldering with a soldering iron

To solder something, you first need to prepare all the tools necessary for this process.

• Of course, you will need a soldering iron itself. For working at home, the best option would be a soldering iron with a power of 15 to 30 watts. The choice of device power directly depends on what exactly you plan to solder. For simple parts, a soldering iron with a minimum or medium power is suitable, while for more professional soldering, a 40-watt device will be most practical.
• You will definitely need solder, which is very important to choose correctly. The main function of solder is to create a permanent connection during the soldering process. Currently, there are several types of solder that are designed to solve different problems (copper, silver, tin, lead, etc.). However, rosin is quite suitable for sealing contacts in a microcircuit or for ordinary connection of wires. It is not recommended to use it in electrical engineering, since the acids contained in rosin can simply destroy contacts and destroy complex parts of the circuit. It should be remembered that only correctly selected solder can provide the best connection of parts.
• When working with a soldering iron, to clean and tin the “tip” of the device, you will need to use flux - a special mixture of organic or inorganic origin necessary to remove acid particles released by solder from the tip of the tool. Flux comes in powder, liquid or paste form. Despite the huge selection of different fluxes, the flux made from rosin is considered the most versatile and most effective.
• In order to use a soldering iron with maximum convenience and comfort, you should prepare a special stand for it. Since the device has a very high heating temperature, in order not to burn things or objects, it is necessary to prepare a stand that can withstand high temperatures.
• You will need a file. To make the soldering process simple, you need to sharpen and clean the soldering iron tip with a file. The main thing is that the “tip” of the tool is smooth and has no signs of carbon deposits.
• Also, to work with the device you will need a vice or pliers - with their help you can clearly fix wires or boards and guide them to the desired position during the soldering process. If these tools are not at hand, as a last resort you can use tweezers.
• After finishing working with the tool, you will need to use alcohol, which can be used to wash off traces of flux.

Having all the necessary tools at hand, you can start working with a soldering iron .

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron and rosin

Rosin has such unique qualities as ease of dissolution in various organic compounds, for example, acetone or alcohol. When heated, this substance can break down complex chemical compounds such as copper, tin or lead. Therefore, proper use of rosin helps reduce the likelihood of spreading of the substance, destruction of the oxide coating, as well as high-quality tinning of soldered elements.

You also need to take into account that the thinner the tip of the soldering iron, the easier it will be to work with it, especially when it comes to soldering very thin wires and parts. Therefore, if it has not yet been sharpened, this should be done before starting work.

Process description

• First, you should prepare the workspace where you plan to seal the parts. To do this, you need to open the window, since the fumes that come from the solder heavily pollute the air. You should also take any sponge, soak it thoroughly in water and place it as close to the soldering iron as possible. Well, in order not to stain your work area with drops of solder, it is best to cover the surface on which you will be working with thick cardboard or some other similar covering.
• There must be a stand for the device at hand.
• Then you need to plug the soldering iron into a power outlet and heat it up. As the device heats up, a specific smell and noticeable smoke may appear - this is normal. The device will be ready for use immediately after the tip is completely heated and the smoke and unpleasant aroma have evaporated.
• After the tool has been calcined, it should be turned off. This is necessary in order to pre-clean the tip from dirt and plaque. It is best to clean the instrument while it is hot. To do this, you can use a prepared sponge or cloth.
• Then you need to turn on the soldering iron again and let it warm up thoroughly.
• After cleaning and heating the tool, you should carry out the process of tinning the tip of the soldering iron - covering the tip with a light layer of solder, in this case rosin. Thanks to this simple manipulation, the heat transfer between the parts that are intended for soldering will significantly increase.
• Next, you need to dip the tip of the heated device into rosin for a while so that a little solder accumulates on the tip. You should wait a little while until the solder heats up and begins to soften.
• Excess rosin can be removed using cardboard or other available tools.
• If you plan to solder one copper part, then one tinning will be enough - you need to touch the rosin once, then apply the tip of the soldering iron with solder to the working surface and wait a little until the wires are covered with solder. As a result of these manipulations, the rosin will begin to smoke, and the soldered parts will flow around the molten substance.
• In order to solder two parts efficiently, they also need to be tinned separately, that is, covered with solder. It should be remembered that the tinning process is a mandatory procedure, without which it will not be possible to properly solder the necessary parts.
• After finishing work with the soldering iron, while it is still warm, you need to remove the remaining solder. To do this, the tip of the tool just needs to be wiped with a damp cloth, or better yet, a sponge soaked in alcohol or any other composition intended for these purposes.

There should not be any particular difficulties when working with the tool. For everything to go smoothly, it is best to first practice working with rosin on parts that you won’t mind throwing away later. After all, experience always comes with practice.

In order to correctly solder copper wires using rosin, you must follow a certain sequence of actions.

• First prepare the wires . To do this, the ends of the wires that need to be soldered must be thoroughly stripped of insulation. All wires spliced ​​together are usually insulated using a special heat-shrinkable tube. If such a tube is present, then it must be cut using a sharp knife so that the length extends 2-7 mm beyond all seams. The insulating coating should be about two centimeters on each side of the wires being connected. The exposed ends of the wires must be burned to completely remove the insulation.
• Then the connected ends of the wires need to be provided with a high-quality mechanical connection. To do this, the two ends of the wire are twisted together so that their centers intersect tightly with each other. After this, the end of one wire should be twisted along the length of the cable. The same manipulation should be done with the second end of the other wire.
• Then you need to heat up the soldering iron to first tin the wires and then warm them up. To do this, a heated soldering iron is lowered into rosin and a little solder is taken, after which the device is passed a couple of times along the ends of the wire. During tinning, the wire should be rotated and heated, which will help ensure an even coating of rosin.
• At the end of the work, the finished wire should be insulated . To do this, you need to put the heat shrink back on the already soldered wires. This will not only help cover the connection, but also heat it, making the soldered wire strong and flexible.

As you can see, there are no particular difficulties with soldering wires using rosin. The main thing is not to forget to tin the wire and check the quality of the soldering. If necessary, tinning should be repeated several times until the wires are firmly connected with solder.

Important Tips

Having figured out how to use a soldering iron, you should consider several recommendations for working with this tool.

• Before starting work, to ensure high-quality soldering of parts, you should always clean the tip of the tool. You need to understand that only thanks to the soldering iron tip the thermal conductivity and quality of the connection are enhanced. You can use a damp sponge for cleaning. After cleaning, the tip of the device should be immediately dipped in rosin so that it is covered with a thin layer of solder, which prevents oxide deposits from interfering with high-quality soldering of parts.
• You should always solder small and thin parts first, since the tip of the device at the beginning of its use will be as thin and precise as possible.
• Before soldering parts, their surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and acid. Cleaning the surface of soldered objects is done using a sharp tool - sandpaper or a regular knife. This is done until the surface of the wires noticeably brightens. After which the contacts are tinned and connected using solder.
• If you need to solder some part without using a soldering iron, you can use rosin, previously dissolved in alcohol. The resulting mixture can be applied to the desired surface using any thin tool, such as a screwdriver.
• The highest quality soldering can be achieved by using solder with rosin.
• In order to correctly and tightly solder wires and other parts using solder, you first need to heat the joints with a soldering iron.
• The mistake of many is poor heating of the soldering iron. If this happens, the parts do not connect well. Therefore, before you start using the tool, you need to warm it up thoroughly.
• However, severe overheating of a soldering iron with maximum power can also negatively affect the quality of work. You need to understand that there are different temperature conditions intended for a specific type of work.
• Soldering temperature is a very important nuance. For example, to seal various microcircuits, the temperature should be no more than 250 degrees. But in order to connect radio components, you will need to heat the soldering iron to more than 300 degrees.
• When working with electrical appliances, safety precautions must be observed. To do this, you need to make sure that the window is open and the socket is working. This is due to the fact that when working with solder, harmful chemical elements are released that negatively affect health. As for the serviceability of the outlet, this is also a very important point - in the process of severe overheating, fires often occur. Therefore, the workplace must first be prepared and secured, and only then can we begin to work.

If you take note of these little tricks , the process of soldering parts will go quickly, and most importantly, with high quality.

A soldering iron is a universal tool with which you can quickly connect broken wires or contacts, as well as quickly repair a microcircuit or connect light metal surfaces.

The ease of operation of the device allows any man to learn how to use it in the shortest possible time.

And what is important: working with a soldering iron does not require any professional skills.

Source: https://tokar.guru/instrumenty/payalniki/kak-pravilno-polzovatsya-payalnikom-s-kanifolyu-uchimsya-payat.html

How to solder without a soldering iron, or how to replace it

A situation often arises when it is necessary to urgently repair an electrical appliance or wiring, but there is no soldering iron at hand, or it suddenly breaks down. There may be no power at this moment.

Often this situation arises on a camping trip, in a country house without power supply, or simply while driving a car. You can solder without a soldering iron, but you can’t do it without any special tools.

We use flame

The easiest way is to locally heat the joint with an open flame, candle or lighter. The melting point of ordinary solder is 200-280 degrees. Any combustion source can easily cope with this value.

So-called turbo lighters are best suited for these purposes, in which the flame comes out under pressure, creating a powerful local heating area. In addition, such a flame will not smoke the junction of the wires, and it can be directed with high precision.

There are compact gas burners that are generally ideal for such work. If you go on a hike, or to the country, this tool should be at your fingertips.

For such cases, it is better to use solder that is not refractory, for example, POSV33. Its melting point does not exceed 150 degrees. If you don’t have flux on hand, you can use the folk method. Apply crushed aspirin.

The wire is stripped, treated with flux, and heated with a flame. Solder in the form of a thin wire is placed directly into the heating zone. As soon as the tin begins to melt, a drop is applied to the heated twist, and then with a flame we achieve penetration of the melt throughout the soldering area.

Soldering without a soldering iron with a flame from a match or candle is accompanied by soot, so this method should be used only as a last resort. An alcohol lamp or a dry alcohol tablet is good for these purposes.

Homemade soldering iron from a candle

You can make an improvised soldering iron from a wooden block and copper wire.

When working with such a device, soot is removed from the work area. Of course, this method is only suitable for thin wires, since the efficiency of the device is low and the heat will be dissipated along the copper wire.

Using such a simple device, you can solder a wire to the board without a soldering iron. Direct exposure to open fire can damage other parts or lead to peeling of the board tracks, so this method is virtually indispensable when carrying out extreme repairs.

Considering the low power of an improvised “spark soldering iron”, it can be used to repair thin wiring without fear of burning it out with high temperature. For example, fixing headphones on the road.

Such connections are not reliable enough. Therefore, as soon as you get to a regular electric soldering iron, you should solder again.

Homemade soldering iron from a gas lighter

If you need to quickly solder, you can build a simple soldering iron from a regular gas lighter. For production you will need:

• Lighter in a durable casing that can withstand prolonged heating. It is better to take the “turbo” version, designed for burning in the wind. These models have a more stable flame and heat-resistant plastic. In extreme cases, a regular one will do, just not a disposable one, which will melt in the first minute of burning. The metal case will withstand prolonged heating, but at the same time it will become hot, and it will be uncomfortable to hold;
• Copper rod 3-5 mm in diameter for making a sting. You can take a piece of power wire and remove the insulation from it;
• Thin wire for fixing the tip to the lighter body.

We wrap the improvised tip to the body with a thin wire as close as possible to the lighter nozzle. Please note that the finger with which you press the button should not touch the metal parts of the structure.

The soldering iron is ready. The tip heats up in a few seconds. This option, in contrast to direct heating of the soldering area with a flame, allows soldering on the circuit board.

Solder paste for soldering without a soldering iron - application features

With any heating method without a soldering iron, working with hard solder is inconvenient. For soldering using a non-contact heating method (namely, we are considering them), special soldering pastes have been developed.

Popular: How to choose a soldering iron, and whether it can be universal

Any paste must contain the following components:

• Ground powdered solder. For different types of soldering, different degrees of crushing are used;
• The cleaning composition is flux;
• Binding additive for maintaining consistency and fixing parts to be soldered before soldering;
• A variety of additives that accelerate reaction, activators, antioxidants.

Solder in pastes can be either compound (lead, tin and silver in different proportions) or simply lead. The last option is the most common.

The cleaned contacts are coated with paste, connected to each other and heated in any way. The flux, having completed its work, evaporates (partially), and the solder included in the paste instantly melts and efficiently connects the components being soldered.

Solder penetration with this method is very high, the quality of the connection is much better than when using hard solder.

Soldering with paste is used not only in the absence of a soldering iron. For mounting radio components with SMD contacts, this method is simply irreplaceable.

Another advantage of the paste is that it coats the stripped contacts, reducing the likelihood of oxidation during thermal evaporation of the flux. The consistency is like sour cream; when heated, it does not have time to become more liquid and drain from the soldering area. Solder instantly envelops the contacts and remains on the surface of the parts.

An example of soldering with solder paste without a soldering iron in this video.

Another convenient material if you don’t have a soldering iron is solder tape.

In fact, it is a thin foil of solder. With its help it is convenient to connect twisted wires. The technology is as follows:

1. We strip the wire, form a twist;
2. Process with flux;
3. Wrap the soldering area with tape;
4. We heat it using any method other than a soldering iron.

The flux is located inside the solder roll and does not evaporate when heated. The thin strip melts quickly and the solder fills the tiny gaps at the junction.

How to fix a Christmas tree garland without a soldering iron

If the garland has a control unit, you need to open its box. Most often, one of the thin wires responsible for a particular color breaks. It is soldered to the board using any of the above methods.

If the reason is not in the control unit, you should find a burnt out element or a break point. A break is looked for using a tester using the inverse arithmetic progression method. First, the halves of the garland are measured. The faulty half is then divided in half, and so on, until damage or a burnt element is detected.

The break is again soldered using the method discussed above, or twisting is done.

A faulty light bulb or LED is replaced or simply shorted out. It is not recommended to abuse this method, since each blocked element increases the current in the circuit, which will lead to a chain reaction of burnt out light bulbs.

Source: https://obinstrumente.ru/elektroinstrument/payalnik/kak-pripayat-bez-payalnika.html

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron? How to properly solder wires and microcircuits:

Soldering is a method of creating a permanent connection by introducing into the contact zone a molten material with a melting point lower than that of the materials of the parts being connected. You can learn how to solder correctly with a soldering iron by mastering the technology in practice.

Purpose of the device

The electric soldering iron is available with a supply voltage from 12 to 220V. It is difficult to manufacture a low-power design for high voltage, since this requires many layers of thin wire, which leads to an increase in size. In addition, it is chosen based on work safety conditions.

It is convenient to select the power of the soldering iron using a simple table:

Power, W	Purpose of soldering
5-20	Transistors, diodes, microcircuits
40-50	Common electrical work
more than 50	Soldering large parts

The optimal tip temperature is maintained manually or automatically. For this purpose, thyristor regulators are used.

To increase service life, the end of the soldering iron can be forged. In this case, copper will dissolve less in the solder. Before using a soldering iron, the tip is given a certain shape with a file. The most common are corner and cut. The end is given a knife-like shape in order to simultaneously solder several contacts of a microcircuit or connector pins.

Tools

Before properly soldering with a soldering iron, the work area should be equipped with the necessary tools:

- Stand. The heated device is located on the stand. It also serves to place flux and is a platform for working with wires. A “crocodile” with a piece of foam rubber is additionally attached to it for cleaning the sting.

— Tripod. It includes clamps (“crocodiles”) that can be moved in height and rotated, a tray with rosin, and a holder for a soldering iron.

- Set of tools. It is needed to support parts, give wires desired shapes, and clean solder surfaces. Such tools include tweezers, pliers, wire cutters, round nose pliers, files, a knife, and sandpaper.

Soldering secrets

1. Use of materials for their intended purpose. Tin can be used for soldering. But its melting point is 230 ºС. During radio installation, the connected parts may fail due to overheating. The alloy of tin and lead becomes liquid at a temperature of 180-200 ºС. In addition, it is cheaper, and the connection quality is no worse.

   Pure tin is mainly used in the repair of containers. In radio installation work, solder of the POS-61 brand is used, where the number indicates the percentage of tin. Fluxes are used to remove oxides from the joint. Tinsmiths use acids for this, which are unsuitable for electrical connections.

   For them you need to use fluxes that will not destroy the contacts. How to properly solder with a soldering iron with rosin, which is most often used to protect connections from oxidation? It is a passive flux and must constantly protect the molten solder from contact with air, preventing the appearance of oxides, but does not remove them from the surface.

   Convenient for work is tubular solder filled with rosin from the inside. For hard-to-reach places, an alcohol solution is used.

2. The soldering iron tip must be cleaned and covered with a layer of solder so that oxide deposits do not interfere with work.

3. The contact surfaces are pre-cleaned and tinned. Then the connection is reliable and durable.

4. The parts should be connected correctly and the soldering points should be heated.

How to use a soldering iron?

1. Foreign substances are removed from the surfaces of parts by sanding with sandpaper and degreasing with acetone or gasoline.

2. The tip is cleaned of oxides and soot with a file, block or sandpaper.

3. The soldering iron is heated, its end is coated with rosin, and then tinned. To do this, the solder on the tip is rubbed with a wooden block. The entire working surface should acquire a characteristic silver color.

4. The solder heats up. A small part of it in the form of a drop is applied to the joint and leveled. If necessary, it is added to the required amount until the contact area is covered. The connection area warms up. How to solder wires correctly? The contact of the tip with the conductor should be over the largest possible area, and not with the tip, as inexperienced installers do.

   In this case, the rosin must still remain on the drop of solder so that its oxidation does not begin. The soldering process is carried out in one step. If you pull the tip back and press it back into the part several times, the solder will turn gray due to oxidation as the rosin evaporates sooner. During the cooling process, the parts must remain motionless.

   When the wires are displaced when the solder has not yet hardened, microcracks form in it, worsening the strength of the connection and creating additional electrical resistance.

5. Remains of rosin are removed with a brush moistened with alcohol.

Soldering wires

Let's figure out how to properly solder wires with a soldering iron. First of all, their ends intended for connection are freed from insulation. It is important to warm up the wires being connected properly. To do this, the dimensions of the tip must correspond to the dimensions of the parts. If the soldering iron is too large, then adjacent elements will be damaged during operation. With its small size, soldering will be unreliable, since the parts are difficult to heat up.

Preparing the wire involves removing the insulation from its end. It is removed with a knife or wire cutters. The stranded wire should be twisted so that individual parts do not stick out, and tinned.

To do this, it is lowered into a bath of rosin, a drop of solder is taken with a soldering iron and passed several times along the copper wires. During the tinning process, the wire must be heated and rotated so that it is coated on all sides.

To prepare for further work, the tinned end is dipped into molten rosin and thus “varnished”. The excess can then be easily removed by hand.

Solder is a weak alloy and will break under light loads. The wires to be connected are pre-stripped and twisted. To do this, they must have a common axis. Their centers should be aligned, after which one wire is twisted along the length of the other. A similar operation is performed with the second end. A melt of rosin is applied to the joint, and then solder. The twist should be heated for 2-3 seconds.

If the quantity is insufficient, solder must be added so that the coating is uniform and shiny. Many people do not understand why the connection does not warm up even with a powerful device. How should soldering be done with a soldering iron in this case? The fact is that heat spreads from bottom to top. Therefore, the twist must be heated from below.

When overheated, the solder spreads, and when there is not enough heat, the coating becomes loose.

Single-core wires are cleaned to a shine and dipped in rosin. Then they are connected and heated for 3-5 seconds. and apply solder. A heat-shrinkable tube of a larger diameter is put on the exposed wire, which shrinks with increased temperature, after which reliable insulation is formed. If the solder cools down quickly, use a lighter to heat it up. Having mastered how to solder wires correctly, you can begin more complex operations.

Twisting copper and aluminum wires together is unacceptable due to heat generation in the contact resistance. They are fixed through an intermediate element, which can be a bolted connection separated by washers, a terminal clamp, or a layer of other metal. Tin-based aluminum solder is also suitable for copper wire and can be a reliable intermediate layer for them.

Soldering radio components

Soldering with a radio element is carried out by twisting or overlapping, using a heat sink, for example, with tweezers. The heating of many parts of electrical circuits should not exceed 70 ºС for a duration of more than 3 seconds.

On a printed circuit board, the mounting area around the perimeter of the hole is covered with a layer of solder. Then the tinned and rosin-coated end of the conductor is inserted into it. It is heated and moistened with an added drop of solder.

The tip should touch the pin and the board track at the same time. Excess solder is easily removed with copper braiding. The work is done efficiently when all soldering points are similar to each other. The leads of the radio elements are bent and inserted into the holes of the board.

The ends on the reverse side are bent slightly so that the part does not fall out.

The soldering iron cannot be kept dry for a long time in a heated state. It becomes covered with a layer of oxides, and the tip will have to be cleaned and tinned again. There should always be a layer of molten rosin at the end, and the soldering iron should be turned off during long intervals between work. Also, old solder is periodically removed from it with a sponge.

Elements of boards of various equipment can fail under the influence of static electricity. To prevent its occurrence, the soldering iron body should be grounded.

Working with microcircuits

Let's look at how to properly solder microcircuits. The process has some peculiarities. Microcircuits cannot withstand overheating. There should be no excess solder at the joints. To do this, use a soldering iron for microcircuits with temperature control.

Simultaneous heating of the contacts is carried out using a hair dryer with nozzles. The area on the board needs to be cleaned. Acetone or universal varnish solvent is suitable for this. Then the hair dryer is turned on and its temperature is set at 330-370 ºС.

At the minimum blowing speed, the chip heats up and is immediately removed with tweezers after the contacts have melted. Then the soldering area is lubricated with flux, and a new microcircuit is installed in place of the faulty one. When heated with a hairdryer, it sags a little due to the melting of the contacts, which is a signal that the operation is complete.

The soldering area is wiped with acetone to remove any remaining flux. Sufficiently powerful contacts can be additionally heated with a soldering iron.

When simple soldering with a soldering iron is mastered, you can move on to complex connections, for example, dissimilar metals using gas, oven or pulse heating.

Soldering aluminum

Difficulties in soldering aluminum are associated with its low melting point (660 ºС) and strong oxide film. The parts are heated in an oven or with a gas flame burner.

Their preparation consists of removing fats with a solvent and mechanical cleaning with sandpaper, an abrasive wheel or a stainless steel brush. In this case, the oxide film is formed again, but its thickness is much less than the previous one.

Then flux is applied to the joint and heated to the melting temperature of the solder. The electrode rod is touched to the joint until it begins to melt.

Solder for soldering aluminum at temperatures of 150-400 ºС can be based on zinc, tin, cadmium (low-melting). It has poor corrosion resistance and requires additional coatings. Refractory solders, such as silumin (590-600 ºС), 34A (530-550 ºС) and others, are more reliable and are used more often. Aluminum alloys have a lower melting point. They are soldered with furnace heating, which is more precisely regulated.

Conclusion

How to properly solder wires and microcircuits with a soldering iron? The answer to this question implies, first of all, careful preparation of the tool and parts. During the process of creating a permanent connection, the layer of molten solder must always be protected with flux. For each operation, a soldering iron of appropriate power and the shape of the working surface of the tip is selected. When the parts are connected correctly and the temperature is maintained, the soldering is reliable and lasts a long time.

Source: https://www.syl.ru/article/157515/new_kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom-kak-pravilno-payat-provoda-mikroshemyi

How to properly solder a wire without a soldering iron: methods and preparation of the tool for work

Soldering wires together or soldering them to something usually does not cause difficulties, especially if you use a soldering iron of the required power. But it happens that there is a need to reliably connect a wire, but there is no soldering device at hand or access to electricity is difficult. Therefore, there is nothing left to do but solder the wire without a soldering iron, especially since this can be done using various methods.

Soldering is the process of joining two or more elements together under the influence of molten material that has a lower melting point than the parts being joined. This material is called solder. It comes in different contents, for example, to create a permanent connection from copper-based elements, a tin-lead composition is used, and for aluminum ones, from zinc and silicon.

A soldering iron is used as a tool. This device has a sting at the end made of a material with high thermal conductivity. To operate, this tip is heated in various ways so that the heat from it is transferred to the solder, bringing it to a molten state.

To solder wires with a soldering iron, in addition to it and solder, you will need flux. It is most often a mixture of organic and inorganic origin and is used as a means for removing oxides from the surface. Thanks to its use, surface tension is reduced and soldering quality is improved.

Preliminary operations

Before proceeding directly to soldering, the tool and the elements to be connected must be properly prepared. First of all, prepare the soldering iron. For this he is tinned. The tinning process involves applying a small amount of solder to the tip of the tip. This process is performed as follows:

1. If necessary, remove all dirt from the cold soldering iron. To do this, use a special sponge or sandpaper.
2. The tool heats up and its tip is briefly dipped into flux to a shallow depth.
3. As soon as the flux begins to evaporate from the surface of the tip, it touches the solder, trying to evenly cover the entire tip.
4. If necessary, excess solder is carefully cleaned off on a wooden block.

It should be noted that recently the tip of soldering irons has been covered with fireproof material. If oxides appear on it, a mechanical method of getting rid of them will not work. Therefore, for cleaning, the fireproof tip is heated up a little, and then, using a rag folded in several layers, it is wiped with quick movements.

Just like with a soldering iron, the wire or soldering area is tinned before work. To tin a wire, the insulation is first removed from it, and in the case of soldering several wires together, they are first twisted.

Connection technique

After the parts to be connected are prepared, proceed directly to soldering. The tip is heated to a temperature that allows the solder to melt. For example, for a low-melting substance such as POS-61, this temperature is 190 °C, and for the popular POS-40 - 235 °C .

Despite the fact that soldering, although it provides reliable electrical contact, its mechanical strength is low. Therefore, to create a good mechanical connection, pre-twist the wires. If the wire is soldered to a flat part, then they are tightly compressed together, for example, using pliers.

The soldering itself occurs as follows:

• they touch the solder with the sting, as a result of which a drop of it transfers to the tip of the soldering iron;
• the tip of the tip with solder is dipped in rosin for a second and immediately applied to the soldering site;
• when the soldering device is heated sufficiently, the solder itself begins to spread over the joint;
• after two to three seconds the soldering iron is removed;
• Complete solidification of the solder occurs after 10 seconds, during which you cannot move the soldering area.

In the case of large surfaces requiring connection, the operation is repeated several times. The quality of the connection primarily depends on the temperature of the tip. If it is not hot enough, the solder will turn into a mush that will begin to roll off the soldering iron. And if it is overheated, then scale will begin to appear on the surface. A sign of sufficient heating of the soldering iron will be the boiling of rosin with abundant release of steam when it comes into contact with the soldering device.

Soldering without tools

In fact, there are many ways to solder wires without using an electric soldering iron. The easiest way is when you have a soldering iron, but there is no way to connect it to electricity. Therefore, you have to heat the tip using alternative sources, for example, on a gas burner or an outdoor fire.

Even if you don’t have a soldering iron, you can make it yourself. To do this, you will need a copper rod with a diameter of at least 4 mm and a length of about 8 cm. One end of it is ground off so that it resembles the tip of a flat-head screwdriver.

The other end is inserted into a heat-insulating handle, for example, made of a wooden block. Of course, soldering with such a device should be carried out close to the heating source, and during operation you will need to exercise maximum care and caution.

Then it will be easy to solder the wire efficiently and correctly.

In addition to a homemade soldering device, you can use alternative methods:

• tinning method;
• soldering with foil.

These methods, of course, will be inferior in quality to soldering using a soldering device, but at the same time they are quite capable of providing good and permanent contact.

Tinning method

The method consists in pre-cutting the solder into small chips. Next, it is laid out on a metal surface. A tin lid or thick foil can be used as such a surface. Crushed pieces of rosin are added to the shavings, and then the whole thing is mixed.

Once the composition is ready, the metal surface is heated by placing it over an open fire. This could be the flame of a candle, gas burner, fire, or even a lighter. After the mixture passes into the liquid phase, the pre-prepared ends of the wires or the completed twist are lowered into it. In a few seconds the connection will be ready, all that remains is to insulate it.

Using foil

You can improve the quality of wire connections by using foil. To do this, the prepared elements are served by tinning and then twisted together. Once they are twisted, the intact insulation is wrapped in foil before joining.

This prevents it from becoming deformed in the future. The twisted area is heated until the solder on it begins to melt. Due to its transition to a liquid state and subsequent cooling, a strong permanent connection is formed.

Heating is carried out on any open fire in the same way as with tinning.

There is another method that allows you to quickly solder using foil, and tinning is not necessary. To do this, a narrow strip is made from it, the length of which is no more than the connection section. From this piece a trench is made into which the twisted wires are placed. The created trench along its entire length is filled with a mixture of crumbled solder and flux. The foil is then wrapped tightly around the contact and heated to the melting point of tin.

To firmly secure the foil, use pliers . After the connection has cooled, the foil is removed. If desired, the connection is processed with a file or sandpaper to remove excess solder. The result is a neat and strong connection.

After the connection has cooled, it must be insulated. When working with wires, they usually wrap electrical tape with about 1 cm of insulation extending from one side to the other. If the connection is made for electrical wiring, then it is recommended to additionally put a heat-shrinkable tube on top of the electrical tape and warm it up.

Source: https://220v.guru/elementy-elektriki/provodka/prostye-sposoby-pozvolyayuschie-pripayat-provod-bez-payalnika.html