How to drill a hole in metal

How to make a hole in a metal sheet?

Drilling large holes is not a problem if you choose the right tool. For example, such work may be necessary to secure a channel or metal corner.

The easiest way is to use an electric drill, but getting a hole with a diameter of, for example, 15 mm requires a lot of effort.

To drill a large diameter hole in metal, special devices and core drilling technology are used.

Features of creation

When drilling, it must be taken into account that the crown or stepped cone nozzle must be selected in such a way that it has a smaller diameter than the hole being created.

When using different tools, it is also necessary to take into account their features. For example, when drilling with conical products, smooth edges are obtained.

Drill accessories

There are several accessories for drills that can make the process easier and make a large hole smooth:

• Drilling jig. This device is a housing in which there are several guide bushings for drills of different diameters. The material used to create the bushings is harder than drill bits, so you don't have to worry about the tool moving to the side while drilling and widening the hole.
• Drill guide. This product allows you to fix the tool in such a way that it does not deviate to the side during drilling. If such a product is not available, the tool may move to the side, resulting in an uneven edge. It can also be mounted at an angle. But when drilling metal products, this is usually not required.
• Drill stand. A DIY product like this can be an inexpensive replacement for a drilling machine, as it allows you to carry out work more comfortably. When using a stand, a fixed tool moves along the bar using a lever. In this case, displacement is completely eliminated, since the workpiece being drilled is securely held due to the presence of a clamp.

Using these products, you can greatly facilitate the process of drilling metal products.

Feature of deep holes

To drill a deep hole in metal, it is best to use a lathe. Cooling must be done during this process. In this case, the chips must be forcibly removed. Periodically, the tool is removed from the workpiece to remove chips.

When working without specialized devices, you should not recess the nozzle more than 2/3 of its length. Water must be used for cooling during operation. If the work is done in several approaches, changing the angle is not allowed.

Features of large diameter holes

This procedure is more complex than deep drilling. Cutting work is carried out either using a crown or using a cone drill. Crowns for metal are similar to products for concrete and drywall. The only difference is the material used to create the cutting edge.

Drilling can also be carried out with standard products in several stages. To do this, first use a nozzle of small diameter. Then a larger tool is selected.

The most convenient way is to use cone drills. Such devices allow you to drill a large hole in one go. To do this, the tool is simply recessed into the material.

Hassle-free drilling

During work, you can use a small section nozzle, as well as a used grinding wheel for an angle grinder. It is important to remember that it should have a smaller diameter than the hole being created.

Before carrying out work, a circle for the hole is marked on the workpiece, and the second circle will be smaller than the first by a distance equal to the diameter of the drill used. After this, 2 holes are marked in opposite places of the circle. It is necessary to retreat 3 mm from them and mark the places for drilling.

Thus, drilling occurs along the entire drawn circle. If additional work is necessary, some areas will have to be processed with a chisel. This will create jagged edges that will then need to be filed down. It is important to ensure that during work the circumference does not increase, i.e.

do not expand the planned diameter.

Cone drill

The described types of drills are made from tool steel. The shanks of such products can be hexagonal or cylindrical. The cutting edge removes all burrs, so the edge is smooth. The end of the drill head has a sharpened point that allows pre-drilling of the material.

Using these products you can:

• create cuts with a diameter of up to 30 mm;
• forget about jagged edges;
• carry out boring of various diameters without changing the nozzle.

Thanks to step drills, you can create cuts of various diameters in sheet steel up to 4 mm thick. Unlike a simple cone drill, when using such products, the drilled diameter is fixed.

The disadvantages include:

• the need to use tools with low speeds and high torque;
• sensitivity even to small distortions.

Despite these disadvantages, this attachment allows you to conveniently work with metal plates, quickly drilling circles of the required diameter.

Metal crown

Metal processing is a complex process, so such work is usually carried out using specialized equipment. To carry out work at home, you can use core drills.

Such products allow you to make the edges round and centered. In this case, a standard drill is used for drilling. The products consist of several parts:

• crown;
• centering attachment;
• product shank;
• screws that are necessary for fastening.

When using a core drill, the speed of work increases up to 10 times. Another advantage is the ability to accurately drill in the range from 1.2 to 15 cm.

In this case, there is no need to perform alignment during drilling. It is also worth noting that such drills have higher wear resistance compared to twist drills.

Before starting work, a centering drill is installed in the center of the circle, after which drilling is carried out. After this, the drill is retracted and the work is carried out with a crown.

Hole press

One of the common methods is punching using a special press. It happens like this:

1. First, the workpiece is placed on the press table and grabbed by several clamps.
2. The metal is then moved under the punching tool. At this stage, additional fastening of the material occurs using a clamping ring.
3. At the last stage, penetration occurs using a punch.

The revolver can have several nozzles of different diameters, which allows you to quickly create holes of different diameters. Such equipment is usually not used for working with metal in domestic conditions.

If you plan to do the work at home, you should choose a universal tool. This will allow you to easily process metal without worrying about purchasing additional parts. The video presented will introduce you in detail to the technology of the process.

Source: https://varimtutru.com/kak-sdelat-otverstie-v-metallicheskom-liste/

How to accurately drill a hole in metal? — Metals, equipment, instructions

Drilling a hole in the wall may seem like a piece of cake. However, if you choose the wrong tool for a particular surface material, the drill may become dull or even break, and scratches and cracks may appear on the surface. To prevent this from happening, you need to know certain nuances of doing the work. How to drill, how to properly prepare the surface and select a drill, we will consider further.

The tool must be held correctly in your hands. The drill should be positioned straight and enter the surface in a vertical direction. To make drilling easier and more accurate, you can use an additional handle, which usually comes with the drill.

Based on what type of surface you are working with, you need to select the material and size of the drill and determine the operating mode of the tool.

Here is the main principle of how to drill correctly: the material of the cutting tool must be harder than the material of the surface being drilled. Imagine the following situation. Let's say you decide to drill into a concrete wall using a drill bit designed for wood. You can rest assured that nothing good will come of this, and you will have to throw away the drill. Therefore, the type and material of the drill must be carefully selected for each type of surface.

Drilling a concrete wall

1. Selecting a drill. If the surface is brick, stone or concrete, you need to use a carbide drill. Typically, pobedit drills are used for such purposes. They do not cut the material, but turn it into crumbs, so they are ideal for concrete or stone walls.

But they are not intended for making holes in plastic, wood or steel. If you try to drill a wooden wall with a Pobedit drill, the wood fibers will break and the hole will be ugly, sloppy and larger in diameter than necessary.

You won't be able to drill through steel with this drill at all.

Drill, hammer drill and concrete bit.

2. Surface preparation. Before drilling a wall, you need to make sure that there are no electrical wiring, heating or water pipes in this section of the wall. For this purpose, it is most convenient to use a metal detector. It reacts both to iron and steel objects, and to objects made of non-ferrous metals. Using a metal detector, you can find out where electrical cables run and determine how deep you can drill.

Holes with a diameter of less than 13 mm are made with a drill, and wider holes with a hammer drill. However, several large holes can be drilled with a drill if its chuck is suitable for a conical drill with a diameter of 13 mm.

3. Drilling process. First you need to outline where the hole will be made.

 It doesn’t matter whether you use an impact drill or a hammer drill, in some cases, to start drilling, you need to switch the device to a simple drilling mode without impacts and make a hole at low speeds.

This makes it easier to start drilling, the drill will not jump around the surface and you will be able to drill more accurately. And after you have marked the location of the future hole, you can switch to impact mode and add speed.  

If you are using plastic dowels, the hole should be deeper than the length of the dowel. As a rule, during the drilling process, a certain amount of crushed material in the form of dust remains in the hole; it is necessary to leave a length margin of 10 mm.

Those who have repeatedly worked with a drill know that holding it in the required position is sometimes difficult. The tool itself has significant weight, in addition to this, vibration occurs and dust flies during operation. To avoid dust getting on the operator and the tool itself, there are special dust collectors on the market today.

Drilling metal

1. Selecting a drill. To make a neat hole in a metal surface, you should purchase a high-quality metal drill. In this case, you should not use cheap drills, since they will not only not drill through the base, but will also cause a lot of trouble. Therefore, try to buy only proven, high-quality drills from well-known manufacturers. The normal price for a good drill is about 300 rubles.

Types of drills and bits for metal.

2. Surface preparation. Before drilling metal, it is necessary to punch the middle of the hole so that the drill does not slip off the surface. This work is performed using a center punch, which is a pointed metal rod. The center punch is hit with a hammer, and its tip knocks out a notch in the surface. Thanks to this, the drill can be fixed in one position, and the hole will be correct and neat.

3. Drilling process. To make a hole in metal whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, it is advisable to use several drills. First, the work is performed with a drill with a small diameter, and then drilled with a large drill to the desired diameter. First, turn on the drill at low speeds, then increase the speed slightly.

To make drilling metal easier, it is advisable to place a board under it. This will make the holes smoother and neater.

When metal is being processed, the drill becomes hot. It is advisable to lubricate it with a special paste or coolant before work. If you don't have it, regular machine oil will do. The exception to this rule is gray cast iron, which is always dry drilled.

To remove the drill from the resulting hole, you need to turn the drill in the opposite direction, if its mechanism has such a function.

Often, for drilling metal, a drill stand is used, to which the tool is attached. In this case, at the beginning of work, it is necessary to press its handle only lightly, and when chips start to flow, the pressure should be increased.

Drill installed in a drill stand.

There is a direct relationship between the thickness of the drill and the number of revolutions of the tool. Remember that the larger the diameter of the drill, the lower the speed. Let's say if you use a drill 4 mm in diameter, the tool speed is about 2400-2800 per minute. If the drill diameter is 6-8 mm, the number of revolutions is much lower - approximately 1200-1300 per minute.

Drilling tiles

For more details, see a separate article How to drill ceramic tiles - select a tool and drill according to all the rules: /stroitelnye-raboty/70-kak-sverlit-keramicheskuyu-plitku.html

1. Selecting a drill. There are special drills for working on ceramics and glass. You can replace them with a concrete drill with pobedite surfacing, if you have certain work skills. In this case, the concrete drill should not be very worn.

On the left is a drill for concrete, on the right for tiles.

Drills used for drilling tiles.

2. Surface preparation. Tile is quite slippery and hard, but at the same time fragile.

To avoid problems during the work, a piece of adhesive should be glued to the area where the hole will be made. If you use a special drill for tiles, then you don’t need to do this, the only thing is that if it is dull, it needs to be sharpened.

3. Drilling process. Now consider how to drill tiles. It is impossible to drill the tile itself using the impact mode, so as not to break off the glaze. First, drill the tiles. In this case, the pressure force should be small.

If the tile was drilled with a special drill for ceramics, then after passing through the tile it is replaced with a drill with a Pobedit tip.

Drilling chipboard and wood

1. Selecting a drill. Holes less than 10-12 mm in diameter are usually made with a metal drill. Special drills for wood need to be purchased only when the hole diameter is large enough, or when high demands are placed on the quality of work.

Wood drills come in several types:

• spiral;
• single-stranded (twisted);
• ring (crowns);
• feathers;
• Forstner cylindrical drills.

If transverse drilling is performed, use a center drill, and if longitudinal, use a spiral drill.

Above is a spiral drill, below is a twisted wood drill.

Above are feather drills, below are Forstner drills for wood and chipboard.

Various versions of crowns for drilling large holes in wood.

2. Surface preparation. A recess is made in the middle of the hole using an awl to prevent the drill from slipping. To prevent chipping after the tool comes out, a block is placed on the back side of the board.

3. Drilling process. Perform work at low or medium speeds. Chipboard has a particularly fragile structure, so to avoid peeling of the coating, drills with sharp edges are used, and a block is placed under the base.

Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/kak-tochno-prosverlit-otverstie-v-metalle/

How to make a hole in metal of large diameter? — Machine tools, welding, metalworking

Drilling large holes is not a problem if you choose the right tool. For example, such work may be necessary to secure a channel or metal corner.

The easiest way is to use an electric drill, but getting a hole with a diameter of, for example, 15 mm requires a lot of effort.

To drill a large diameter hole in metal, special devices and core drilling technology are used.

How to drill with a drill correctly and evenly

In the repair industry, the ability to drill correctly is one of the basic skills. In addition to the general rules, it is important to take into account all the nuances when working with a specific material: concrete, tile, metal, etc. All issues related to drilling will be covered in this article.

• Choosing an electric drill: which one is better?
• How to remove a drill from a hammer drill

As already mentioned, drilling is the most common activity for a repairman, and therefore it is important to immediately learn a few basic rules associated with this activity.

• Use of suitable tools. There are many drills, each of which is designed for a specific type of material. Therefore, you should not try to drill concrete with a wood drill and vice versa. It is also important to consider the conditions in which the tool will be used. For example, industrial drills cannot be used for interior repairs (this is simply unsafe). It is also important to take into account resistance to moisture: for outdoor work you will need a tool of class IP34 if the climate in the area is humid and IP32 if you have to work in good weather. IPX2/ can be used indoors
• Correct markup. Before starting any work, it is important to carefully and accurately mark the drilling locations with a marker. You can also put paper tape under the marker to prevent the drill from slipping on the material.
• Selecting the required drilling speed. Here everything depends equally on both the material and the diameter of the blade. If we are talking about very thin drills (with a diameter of less than 3 mm), then you need to work at low speeds, less than four hundred per minute. For other drills, the following rule applies: the thinner the drill, the higher the drilling speed required.

It is also important to ensure that the handle is securely attached to the shaft of the hand drill. The drill must also not be allowed to skew.

How to drill metal correctly + ()

The first thing to start with is the selection of drills. They are distinguished by a sharp edge designed to allow the drill to easily penetrate the metal. Regular metal drills are good for not too hard metals like copper or aluminum, but for something harder (for example, stainless steel) you need to take products made of titanium carbide or chrome-vanadium alloy.

We should also talk about optimal speeds. A common mistake beginners make is using too many turns. In fact, for hard metals, medium speeds are used: for example, brass one centimeter thick will be optimally drilled at a speed of 2000-2500 rpm.

There are a few more points to cover. So:

• If a thin iron plate needs to be drilled, it must be secured between two pieces of wood. This is done so that the sheet of metal does not tear off.
• It is necessary to use lubricating oil from time to time to cool the drill and facilitate the drilling process.
• If you need to make a hole in the pipe, it must be securely fastened. To prevent the pipe from being flattened by the drill, a piece of hard wood should be placed inside.

If you follow these simple rules, then even a beginner will be able to perform high-quality drilling.

How to drill concrete walls + ()

In everyday life, you have to drill into walls most often, because without this it is impossible to hang a shelf, a cabinet, or install a cornice. Of course, it is better to use a hammer drill or impact drill for this purpose.

These tools are powerful enough to handle hard materials like concrete or brick. However, if the wall thickness does not exceed 10-12 cm, then you can get by with a regular drill.

But you shouldn’t take risks if you only have a low-power tool at your disposal - if it comes into contact with concrete, it can simply break. If the drill is selected correctly, then the following tips will be useful:

• Before starting work, you should make sure that there are no pipes or other communication systems in the drilling area.
• The drills used for such work must be made of hard metals or alloys. The best option would be diamond-coated drills.
• If during drilling you come across too dense areas of concrete, they need to be punched out using a small hammer and a pin (punch).

Although it is generally possible to drill through a concrete wall with a drill, it should still be done with caution. Otherwise, the damage can be quite serious. It is better to use specialized tools for this.

How to work with tiles using a drill + ()

Often people who do not have extensive experience in the field of repairs are afraid to drill into such a fragile material as tiles. However, this can become an urgent necessity, because you need something to attach various cabinets and shelves in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet.

Alas, in many respects the condition of the tile after drilling is determined not by the master who takes up the drill, but by the one who laid the tile. A competent tiler lays the tiles so that no voids form between the tiles and the wall. In this case, careful drilling will not harm the tile in any way.

If there are “air pockets” between the wall and the tile, then most likely the tile will crack.

In order to properly drill through the tiles, you need to take a drill, masking tape, or a hammer drill (or a powerful drill with drill bits for concrete). Next you will need to perform the following steps:

1. The drilling location is marked with a piece of masking tape and a marker. The tape is here to prevent the nail from sliding on the surface of the tile.
2. Drilling is carried out strictly perpendicular to the material. The number of revolutions should increase gradually: from the minimum possible to 150-200 revolutions per minute. This way you can avoid damage to both the material and the tool.
3. It is important to ensure that the drill does not overheat. If smoke starts coming out, the drill needs to be cooled down immediately.

Once the holes are made, you can insert dowels into them. This is done with a hammer.

Drilling cast iron - how to do it correctly + ()

Cast iron is a fairly hard material, so drilling it is very, very difficult. In addition, cast iron products are fragile, so it is important not to crumble them. Like other materials, cast iron has its own subtleties when it comes to drilling.

• There's no rush. This is perhaps the most important rule when working with cast iron. Everything must be done slowly, with extreme care and attention.
• The drill must be made of a very hard and durable alloy, in addition, it must be perfectly sharpened. To prevent cast iron from crumbling, you need to take drills with an angle of 114-119 degrees.
• It is unacceptable for the drill to overheat. Sometimes they don’t pay attention to the fact that the instrument is overheated. And this can lead to poor quality work or even breakdown.

How to carefully drill through wood + ()

Wood is one of the “easiest” materials when working with a drill. However, there are some subtleties here too.

• The drilling speed directly depends on the type of wood. Loose, not too hard types of wood will be suitable even for a low-power device. Of course, the expected diameter of the hole also plays a role - the larger it is, the more powerful the drill is needed.
• In order to make large holes, you need to use special core drills. Their diameter can exceed 120 mm. As for depth, on average crowns are suitable for materials up to 20-22 mm thick, but there are also special models that can cope with thicknesses of more than 60 mm.
• If you need to make a blind hole rather than a through hole, then Forstner drills, which are available in diameters from 1 to 5 cm, are perfect for this.

We should also talk about drilling timber. Although it is convenient to fix it for further drilling, the large thickness of the material creates certain difficulties. Drilling timber for further fastening in the dowel holes. For a standard beam 18 cm thick, it would be best to take a drill with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 36 cm.

You will need to drill slowly, at low speeds. In terms of power, a 1300-1500 W drill is perfect. If the beam is not very long, then two holes on each side will be enough. If the length of the beam for the dowels is long enough, then it will be necessary to make an additional hole in the center.

After the holes are made, you can drive the dowels into them using a hammer or small sledgehammer.

At what speed should you drill?

One of the important parameters when drilling is the number of revolutions per minute. The speed at which you need to drill depends on the type of material and the type of drill. There is a general rule: the harder the material and the thicker the joint, the lower the number of revolutions per minute should be. As for the specific numbers, they can be seen in the table below.

drill diameter, mm	soft wood	solid wood	plastic (acrylic)	copper	aluminum	steel	Notes
1.5-4.8	3000	3000	2500	3000	3000	3000	When drilling metal thicker than 3 cm, lubricate the drill thoroughly with oil.
6.4-9.5	3000	1500	2000	120	2500	1000
11.1-15.9	1500	750	1500	750	1500	600

Source: http://instrument-blog.ru/elektroinstrumenty/kak-sverlit-drelyu.html

How to drill a large hole in metal

Today, every home craftsman has the necessary tools for cutting metal, drilling, and stripping. But what if you need to drill a large diameter hole? After all, the maximum cross-section of a conventional drill for a hand-held electric drill is only 20 mm.

Tools for drilling large holes

There are several ways to drill a hole with a diameter greater than 20 mm. For this, special devices are used:

• Cone drill. It will not be possible to drill a large number of openings of the same size. But for home use it is quite acceptable. The maximum cross-section is up to 40 mm. The thickness of the processed metal is 5-6 mm.
• Tapered step drill. It is more convenient to use, since each step is formed through a smooth spiral transition. When drilling, this makes it easy to track the actual diameter of the hole. With its help you can drill a circle up to 40 mm in diameter on metal up to 6 mm thick.
• Bimetallic crowns - suitable for preparing holes up to 109 mm in steel products up to 5 mm thick. When working, it is strongly recommended to use specialized lubricating and cooling compounds, which will ensure maximum service life of the cutting tool. An adapter is also required to install the device on an electric drill. On average, using a bimetallic crown, you can drill 5-20 openings, depending on its quality, which, accordingly, is reflected in the cost.

How can you drill a large hole without extra costs?

For this method, you will need a small cross-section drill (5-6 mm is enough), as well as a milling cutter or a used grinding wheel (corresponding to or slightly smaller than the diameter of the hole) for an angle grinder. The option is more labor-intensive, so it takes much more time.

On a metal blank, 2 circles are drawn with a pencil:

• 1 – for the future hole.
• 2 – depends on the cross-section of the drill, that is, when using a 6 mm tool, the diameter of the intended circle will be 6 mm smaller than the previous one.

Along the 2nd circle it is necessary to mark 2 places in opposite places and drill holes with a 6 mm drill. From the resulting openings along the intended line you need to retreat approximately 3 mm and again mark the places for drilling. Holes are drilled along the entire circumference. If necessary, the remaining sections can be cut with a chisel.

The hole will be jagged, so it needs to be bored out. This can be done with an electric drill with a cutter, but it is much more convenient with a grinder using grinding abrasive wheels of a suitable diameter. Using a grinder, you can quickly and evenly bore a hole to the required diameter.

Therefore, you should not throw away used abrasive wheels for grinders with a diameter of even less than 45 mm - they can always be useful in the household.

It is not difficult to drill ordinary steel or any other metal; standard drills made of high-speed material are used for this. Drilling through hardened steel is another matter: it requires some work. After hardening, the workpiece acquires extraordinary strength, and the question arises of how to drill a hole in hardened metal, because in this case an ordinary drill can no longer help much.

Experts recommend making holes in the parts before hardening occurs. You can also try tempering the steel, then drill and harden the material again. If this is economically justifiable and technically feasible, then this should be done, but in some cases it is simply impossible to do otherwise than proceed to obtain a channel on an already hardened surface.

There are several methods that allow you to drill holes of any diameter in hardened metal. These methods can be implemented with great success both in production and in the home workshop.

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/chem-prosverlit-bolshoe-otverstie-v-metalle

How to drill a large hole in metal

If you need to drill large diameter holes, do not rush to spend money on a tool. Consider all options. It is possible that a tool that is suitable in one case is completely useless in another.

Cone step drill

The most popular are drills with a diameter of 0t 6 to 30 mm.
(less often up to 40 mm.) in increments of 2 mm. That is, 6, 8, 10, 12 mm. etc. Typically used for drilling sheet metal up to 2mm thick. and plastic up to 5 mm thick. The undeniable advantage of this drill is that for 1500 ─ 3000 rubles. you buy about 10 ─ 15 diameters.

If when drilling plastic, the drill behaves very well, then drilling holes of large diameters in metal is associated with some difficulties: with large volumes of work, a 6 mm drill quickly becomes dull;

Drilling large diameter holes requires significant physical effort.

Is it possible to drill into metal with a concrete drill?

It is possible, but this is in case of extreme necessity for shallow holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.

Source: https://master-kleit.ru/origami/kak-prosverlit-v-metalle-otverstie-bolshogo/

How to make a large diameter hole in metal

Any design, whether in your home or in production, involves working with metal.

Often, during the operation of this material, the question may arise: how to cut a circle in metal?

It deserves attention, since the labor intensity of the work process and the quality of its result directly depend on the choice of the right tool and technology.

Methods for cutting a circle from thin metal

Metal circles

Metal can be thin or thick and durable, so a variety of tools are used to cut it.

The choice of materials and cutting technology also depends on what diameter the circle is needed and how even it should be.

Using a jigsaw

If you need a perfectly even circle, you can use an electric jigsaw to cut it out.

The work is carried out in several stages:

• First, the thickness of the metal is determined and the appropriate saw blade for the electric jigsaw is selected.
• Before cutting a circle in metal with a jigsaw, the outline of the circle that will be cut is drawn on the working plane.
• Using a drill and a drill (with a diameter of eight to ten millimeters), a hole is cut out from which work will begin.
• A jigsaw saw blade is placed in the resulting gap and cutting continues according to the intended drawing.

Cutting using this tool does not take much time and effort. Moreover, using a jigsaw you can get a circle with perfect edges. But this tool is used only for working with metal of minimal or medium thickness (for example, 2 - 3 mm).

Using an angle grinder

The grinder is used when working with thin metal. You can create a round hole with this tool by following these step-by-step tips:

• Before cutting a circle in metal with a grinder, markings are made so that its contours are clearly visible.
• Along the entire length of the intended drawing, short sections are cut with a grinder disc, which will eventually be connected.
• The figure will look more like a polyhedron than a circle. Therefore, after cutting is completed, the product is processed and cleaned until the edges become sufficiently even and smooth. You can also use a grinder for processing. If the circle has a wide diameter, you can sharpen the contours with a large disk.

When processing a cut circle using a grinder, you should be careful that the disk is inside the hole and, at the same time, is located in the same plane with the work sheet.

Cutting a circle in thick metal

Cutting a circle with a grinder

In order to outline the exact contours of the figure that will be cut out of metal, you should use a ruler, a marking compass and a marker.

First, using a ruler, set the required width of the compass connector so that it matches the required diameter of the circle.

Then the center point of the circle is determined on the metal plane.

Contours are drawn from it using a compass.

So that they are clearly visible during the work, they should be drawn with a marker.

Application of cutting torch

A circle in medium-thick metal can be cut using a gas cutter. The work takes place in several stages:

• The outline of the circle is outlined.
• The instrument burner lights up.
• The combustion torch is adjustable.
• The torch is carefully and slowly drawn according to the drawn drawing.

Using this method, you can cut a hole in metal that is about four or five millimeters wide.

Application of welding machine

Welding machine

If you don’t have a gas cutter at home, you can use a welding machine.

It needs to be adjusted to the highest current level.

Then the burning arc is placed against the contour and held there until a hole is formed.

Then you just need to slowly move it along the drawing until you get an even circle.

But the most important thing is to correctly adjust the power of the tool.

For example, if metal about four millimeters thick is used, a device operating at about 150 amperes is required. If the metal is thicker, the power of the tool will be greater.

To speed up the work process, it is better to use thin electrodes. However, they burn out quickly and need to be replaced. Because of this, there will be a need for frequent heating of the metal, since during the replacement of the electrode it will have time to cool down.

How to cut an even circle from metal with a cutter is shown in the video:

Source: http://ooo-asteko.ru/kak-sdelat-otverstie-v-metalle-bolshogo-diametra/

Drilling large holes in sheet metal

Metal products have increased strength, so drilling a hole in metal requires the use of cutting tools of excellent quality and adherence to the technological process.

Compared to parts made from other materials, metal products have increased strength and hardness, so working effectively with them requires the use of excellent quality cutting tools and adherence to the technological process.

Drilling in metal with a drill: main points

To drill into metal, you must have a hand or electric drill, a twist drill bit, a hammer, a punch, and safety glasses.

Drills for metal are selected based on the diameter of the holes, as well as the properties of the material being processed.

They are usually made from high-speed steels, and carbide drills are used to work with alloy and carbon steels, stainless steel, cast iron and other difficult-to-cut materials.

Those who have no experience drilling holes in metal often wonder; How to drill a hole in metal with a drill? To drill holes of the required diameter, the electric drill must be powerful enough. Tool manufacturers indicate the corresponding characteristics on the product. For example, in order for the hole diameter to be 10-13 millimeters, the power of the tool must be 500-700 W.

There are through, blind and incomplete holes.

They can be used to connect parts together using studs, bolts, rivets and pins. When drilling holes for tapping, pay attention to the diameter of the drill bit. Since it beats in the cartridge, the hole breaks, and this must be taken into account. The table shows approximate data.

To reduce the breakdown, metal drilling is carried out in two stages: first of all, with a drill with a smaller diameter, and then with the main one. The same method is used when it is necessary to drill a hole of large diameter.

Drilling metal with a drill: how to do it?

The peculiarity of drilling holes in metal with a drill is that you need to manually hold the tool, giving it the correct position and providing the necessary speed.

When the workpiece is marked, it is necessary to tilt the center of the hole being drilled. As a result, the drill will not move relative to the specified point. To make it more convenient to work, the workpiece should be clamped in a vice or placed on a stand so that its position is stable.

The drill is installed perpendicular to the surface, otherwise it may break. If you drill metal with a drill, you don’t need to put much pressure on the tool. On the contrary, as you progress, the pressure should decrease. This will reduce the likelihood of drill bit breakage and reduce the number of burrs on the edge of the through hole.

If the cutting tool is stuck, it is released by giving it reverse rotation.

When using a high-speed steel drill, refer to the rotation speed using the table data. When using carbide drills, the values ​​should be approximately 1.6-2 times higher.

Drilling holes in metal products must be cooled, otherwise the tool may lose its cutting properties due to overheating. The coolant when working with hard steels is usually an emulsion, but at home it is quite possible to use machine oil. As for non-ferrous metals and cast iron, when drilling them you can do without coolant.

How to drill metal with a drill if you need deep holes? Holes can be considered deep when their size is more than five drill diameters. The main difficulties with such drilling are related to cooling, as well as chip removal.

As for the length of the cutting part of the drill, it must exceed the depth of the hole , otherwise the part will block the screw grooves designed to remove chips and supply fluid for lubrication and cooling. First, the hole is drilled to a shallow depth using a rigid short drill. This is necessary to set the direction and centering of the main tool.

Then a hole of the required length is made. As you move, you must periodically remove metal shavings using cooling liquid, magnets, hooks, or turn the part over.

Source: https://steelfactoryrus.com/sverlenie-bolshih-otverstiy-v-listovom-metalle/

How to drill metal with a drill - detailed step-by-step instructions

Drilling metal with a drill is somewhat more difficult than wood, brick or concrete. There are also some peculiarities.

For convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into step-by-step instructions.

1. You will need the following tools: drill, drill, coolant (preferably machine oil, but water can also be used), punch, hammer, safety glasses.
2. When drilling metal on a horizontal surface, place a wooden block under the product and fix it as best as possible. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
3. We make markings, then use a center punch and a hammer to mark the center of the future hole.
4. Pour coolant into a small container.
5. We put on safety glasses.
6. Let's start drilling. Do not put strong pressure on the drill, because it works better at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term activation is suitable until the tool has time to reach maximum speed.
7. Don't forget to cool the drill as often as possible.
8. When drilling occurs not strictly perpendicularly, but at an angle, there is a high probability that the drill will jam. If this happens, put the switch in the reverse position. This way you will avoid injury and will not break the drill.
9. If you did everything correctly, then even at home, using a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick inclusive and with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. We will talk about more complex tasks below.

Metal drilling work

How to drill with a step drill in metal?

Step drills are universal - just one can make holes of different diameters (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with thin metal, when you need to get a neat edge. They are better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore, with proper use, they last longer, but they also cost more than usual. The principles of working with them are the same, but it is easier to drill large-diameter holes than with conventional twist drills.

Is it possible to drill metal with a Pobedit drill?

The principle of operation of drills for metal is to cut, and with pobedite soldering, crush materials. Brick, concrete, and stone are better suited for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, you can, of course, drill metal with a drill for concrete, but it will quickly become unusable and the victorious soldering will be destroyed.

Revolutions

What is the larger hole diameter? the lower the speed should be. The greater the depth? Therefore, you gradually need to reduce the pressure on the drill. With a drill diameter of up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm. Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.

How to drill holes in large diameter metal?

As a rule, most drills for household use have a power from 500 to 800 W, which allows you to drill holes with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. In metal up to 2 mm thick, using step drills you can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better suited.

Read also: Printing on tiles - understanding the technology

Bimetallic crowns have proven themselves when working with stainless and carbon steel and non-ferrous metals. They also work well with multilayer materials such as wood, chipboard, plywood, plastic, plexiglass, slate.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjueKzIhTVs

Bimetallic crown

When drilling deep holes with any tool, you may sometimes need a magnet to remove the chips.

Metal drilling process

In conditions where there is no electricity or when the noise of a working tool can disturb others ( read : when can you make repairs so as not to quarrel with your neighbors?) - the ideal solution for drilling metal would be a hand-held mechanical drill, the so-called brace. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what you need. Of course, there are also disadvantages - time-consuming and easy fatigue. In this simple “old-fashioned” way, you can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.

We hope our tips will be useful to you.

More information in this video.

Source: http://kvarremontnik.ru/kak-sverlit-metall-drelyu/

How to drill a hole in metal - Metalist's Handbook

In the repair industry, the ability to drill correctly is one of the basic skills. In addition to the general rules, it is important to take into account all the nuances when working with a specific material: concrete, tile, metal, etc. All issues related to drilling will be covered in this article.

• Choosing an electric drill: which one is better?
• How to remove a drill from a hammer drill

As already mentioned, drilling is the most common activity for a repairman, and therefore it is important to immediately learn a few basic rules associated with this activity.

• Use of suitable tools. There are many drills, each of which is designed for a specific type of material. Therefore, you should not try to drill concrete with a wood drill and vice versa. It is also important to consider the conditions in which the tool will be used. For example, industrial drills cannot be used for interior repairs (this is simply unsafe). It is also important to take into account resistance to moisture: for outdoor work you will need a tool of class IP34 if the climate in the area is humid and IP32 if you have to work in good weather. IPX2/ can be used indoors
• Correct markup. Before starting any work, it is important to carefully and accurately mark the drilling locations with a marker. You can also put paper tape under the marker to prevent the drill from slipping on the material.
• Selecting the required drilling speed. Here everything depends equally on both the material and the diameter of the blade. If we are talking about very thin drills (with a diameter of less than 3 mm), then you need to work at low speeds, less than four hundred per minute. For other drills, the following rule applies: the thinner the drill, the higher the drilling speed required.

It is also important to ensure that the handle is securely attached to the shaft of the hand drill. The drill must also not be allowed to skew.

How to drill a hole in large diameter metal

Metal drilling is one of the many operations that is often performed during metalworking. Drilling is performed for various dismountable/non-separable connections when a certain hole diameter is required for rivet, bolt or stud fasteners.

Metal itself is a highly durable material, so when working with it, regardless of whether you need to drill or cut through it, you use cutting tools that are much stronger than it. Drilling of metal parts can be done both in special industrial workshops and at home when carrying out various repair work, in a garage or small workshop. For home drilling, a hand-held electric drill is usually used.

Drilling technology

Drilling holes in metal workpieces or parts is a specific technology for removing thin numerous layers of metal with a drill rotating around its axis. In this case, the main condition for drilling is to keep the drill, fixed in the drill chuck, clearly perpendicular to the workpiece being drilled.

This is especially important when drilling thick metal. If during operation the drill deviates relative to the axis of the hole being drilled, it will simply break. To prevent this from happening, the drill must be firmly fixed. For this purpose, special devices are provided that you can buy at a tool store or make yourself.

Drilling modes

When working with a drill, it is important not only to secure it firmly, but also to choose the optimal mode of its rotation . When processing metal, an important factor remains the number of revolutions made by the drill over a certain period of time and the force that is transmitted to it during this time to ensure penetration into the metal.

For working with metals of different hardness, drills designed for different operating modes are also recommended. The speed of rotation of the drill directly depends on the thickness and hardness of the metal, as well as the diameter of the drill itself. The stronger the material being processed and the larger the diameter of the drill, the slower the drilling mode should be. An indicator of a correctly selected mode is long, spiral-shaped chips.

Core marking, template and jig

You can drill through the metal according to the markings made with a core, use a template or a special jig.

A core is a sharpened metal pin made of heavy-duty steel. With its help, a small recess for the drill is made on the metal part prepared for drilling in the place where it is planned to drill a hole.

To do this, the core is placed with its sharp end at the intended drilling point, after which a strong blow is applied to it with a hammer. The tip of the drill is inserted into the recess left by the core and drilling begins, and at the beginning of work the drill will no longer be able to move away from the marked point.

To mark the center of a cylindrical workpiece, experienced mechanics often use a strip of tin bent at 90 degrees. In this case, one shoulder must correspond to the diameter of the workpiece; it is applied to the workpiece, after which a line is drawn with a pencil along its edge. The operation is carried out 2-3 times, and the point of intersection of the lines will indicate the center of the cylinder, where a core can be used to make a recess for the drill.

The template is made to mark blanks of the same type, on which several points for drilling are marked. It is very convenient when you need to work with several sheet metal parts that are placed in a common stack and secured together with a clamp.

In cases where high accuracy and perpendicularity of the drilled channel is required or the distance between several holes must be strictly maintained, it is recommended to use a jig . Also, a jig will be necessary when working with thin-walled pipes, when it will be impossible to make a hole for the drill using a core.

When deep drilling, special devices are used to firmly fix the drill in a perpendicular position to the workpiece.

Drilling accessories

Working with metal is a rather labor-intensive process even for experienced professionals. Sometimes you need to hold the drill in strictly one position towards the workpiece for a long time. To make work easier and drill metal efficiently, a right-angle drilling device is used.

There are three types of such devices:

1. Conductor for guiding drills.
2. Guide clamp for drill.
3. Stand for holding the drill.

Drill guide

This device is in the form of a box with guide bushings installed inside, which are made of heavy-duty steel that is resistant to drills. The jig can be used for almost all drill diameters up to 20 mm. After installing this device above the center of the intended hole, the drill will no longer move away from its axis

The jig is convenient to use for working with pipes of small diameter, when it is impossible to use a core for marking.

Guide clamp for drill

This mechanism is designed to hold the drill stationary during operation. It consists of two posts, rigidly attached to the sole in the form of a large circle. moves along the racks , There, on the racks, under the drill locking mechanism, there are return springs.

As the drill deepens into the metal, under the force of the master, they compress, but as soon as the force stops, the springs straighten, and the mechanism holding the drill rises along the racks to its original position.

Drill Holder

Essentially, this is a simplified vertical drilling machine, but with minimal functions.

It consists of a massive flat sole (platform) and a rigid rod attached to it. The rod is fixed to the platform at a strictly right angle. It also contains a movable carriage with a mount for holding the drill, and a handle for controlling it.

The workpiece is secured to the platform using clamps or a vice. The master lowers the carriage with the drill down by the handle and holds it during the entire drilling process.

Types of holes and methods for drilling them

Drilled holes in metal can be:

1. Completely end-to-end.
2. Muffled.
3. Deep.
4. With a large diameter.

Through holes: pierce the workpiece completely through. The peculiarity of this process is to protect the surface of the workbench on which the workpiece is located from damage when the drill leaves the part. This may damage the cutting tool itself. To prevent this from happening, you can use:

1. Workbenches with holes.
2. Place a thick wooden spacer under the workpiece.
3. Place the part on two metal or wooden beams.
4. At the final stage of drilling, reduce the force on the drill and reduce its rotation speed.

The latter method should usually be used when drilling on site so that nearby parts are not damaged.

Blind holes: this type of drilling is not performed using the through method, but only to a set depth. The drilling depth limitation is set in the following ways:

1. Using a bushing stop.
2. Chuck adjusting stop.
3. A ruler attached to a machine or drill.
4. Other ways of combining in the form of various gaskets between the drill and the workpiece.

Modern machines are equipped with automatic feeding of the drill to a given depth, after which the work stops.

Drilling deep holes : A lathe is usually used for this. Moreover, if a cylindrical part is processed, it is not the drill that rotates, but the workpiece itself. During operation, the drill must be constantly cooled, and chips must be forcibly removed from the pass being processed.

For this purpose, special grooves are located on the surface of the deep drill. If they are missing, it must be periodically removed from the body of the part and cleaned of metal shavings. Ordinary water can be used as a coolant. When deep-depth drilling at home, it is necessary to firmly secure the drill, otherwise, after the drill breaks, part of it will remain in the body of the workpiece, which can be considered damaged.

How to drill a large diameter hole in metal

This procedure is much more complicated than deep drilling. For small metal thicknesses, this procedure is performed with a special crown, or with ordinary metal drills in several passes.

Crown

It consists of a kit that includes a regular drill that evenly punches a channel in the workpiece and the crown itself of a certain diameter. The working process is carried out at low speeds of the drill, while forced cooling of the cutting edges of the drill and bit is carried out.

Multi-stage drilling

If the part is thick, it is necessary to have a certain supply of drills, the difference in diameter should be within 25% of each other. Work should begin with the thinnest drill. As soon as a through channel is drilled, the drill is replaced with a diameter larger than the previous one. Thus, gradually, the drills are changed to the diameter of the given size.

Step cone drill

This is a set of cone-shaped drills of various diameters located on one common axis. Quite a convenient tool for working with steel sheet metal. The operating principle is practically indistinguishable from conventional drilling.

A step-cone drill is driven into the workpiece until the desired size of the hole being drilled is reached.

Punching holes

The technology of punching holes in metal alloys is quite common. It is used when working with sheet metal. The advantages of the technology are that holes are punched exactly at a given point with a clear diameter and practically without losing a certain amount of time. For this purpose, specialized pressing machines are used.

A hand punch can be used to punch through thin sheet metal . This tool for punching holes in metal is made from a steel pipe pointed at one end. Pipes of various diameters can be used for the punch. To punch a hole, the punch is placed at the marked point, after which several strong blows are applied to it with a hammer. The result is a neatly punched hole.

Advice from the experts

When working with any power tools, you must always follow safety precautions and protect the tool from premature wear. To do this, it is recommended to take into account a few simple tips:

1. Before starting work, you should always check the strength of the drill in the drill chuck.
2. There should be no loose ends hanging from clothing that could get wrapped around the rotating parts of the tool. Long hair is hidden under a headdress, eyes are protected by glasses.
3. The drill should rotate when it is brought to the surface being processed, then it will not become dull prematurely.
4. The drill should be removed from the drilled channel with the drill turned on and operating at minimum speed.
5. If the cutting edge of the drill does not go deep into the workpiece, then the drill is softer than the metal and should be replaced.
6. If the drill has a small diameter and does not hold well in the drill chuck, brass wire should be wound around the shank to increase the diameter.
7. To avoid accidentally damaging the polished surface of the part, you need to put a felt or felt washer on the drill.
8. If the hole is not drilled through, you can put a piece of foam on the drill, which will simultaneously act as a depth gauge and blow away small chips from the surface.

Source: https://strinstrumenty.com/metall/kak-rassverlit-otverstie-v-metalle-bolshogo-diametra.html