How to use a soldering iron correctly

How to properly use a soldering iron for plastic pipes

Pipelines made of high-molecular compounds, that is, various types of plastic, are an integral part of a modern home, be it a private cottage or an apartment in a multi-story building. Polymer pipes are quickly gaining popularity: they are lightweight, inexpensive and have good technological characteristics. They are easy to assemble into a single circuit using soldering (welding); This article will tell you how to properly solder plastic pipes.

Advantages of polymer pipes

Plastic products have become widespread not only in the sphere of housing and communal services, but also in other areas of human activity. Many brands of plastic and a wide range of standard sizes allow each craftsman to select a product for his own purposes and choose a method for soldering plastic pipes for water supply.

Advantages of plastic pipes:

• unlike metal products, they are not prone to corrosion;
• chemically indifferent - do not interact with most acids, alkalis, salt solutions, gas and oil refining products;
• biologically resistant – including to the action of various microorganisms;
• have good sound insulation;
• low heat transfer coefficient, that is, excellent thermal insulation;
• light weight, facilitating transportation of pipes to their destination, their laying, subsequent repair and dismantling;
• environmental safety - products do not emit harmful substances into the atmosphere;
• ease of connecting individual elements into contours of any complexity and length;
• the ability to use products for both hidden and external installation;
• long service life - subject to all operating conditions and the absence of external threats, the period, depending on the brand of plastic, is 50 years or more;
• ability to withstand high pressures: at a temperature of 010°C the maximum permissible pressure inside the system is 15 bar, at elevated temperatures (up to 95°C) - 2 bar.

The products are quite environmentally friendly, as a result of which they can be used in water supply circuits - both cold and hot - and heating.

Plastic pipes can be connected, using special connecting fittings with metal liners, to similar products made of metals and alloys.

How to solder a plastic pipe and how to use a soldering iron for pipes is easy to learn with the help of reference materials or video tutorials; the process is not difficult and can be done by every home craftsman.

What equipment is needed for soldering?

Most home plumbing or heating systems are constructed from pipes whose outer diameters are in the range of 1663 mm. It is recommended to weld products into sockets or using connecting fittings (couplings).

The necessary equipment is a soldering iron for soldering plastic products with nozzles corresponding to the size of pipe diameters (for more details: “How does a soldering iron for PVC pipes work and how to use it”).

The choice of soldering irons today is quite large, and in order to make the right decision, you need to take a closer look at their main performance characteristics:

1. Power. The most important parameter. For a home craftsman using plastic pipes of standard diameters, a power of 1200 W will be quite enough. Soldering plastic pipes with units with a power of 1800 W or more is much easier and faster, but for home use the minimum specified power will be sufficient.
2. Number of nozzles. The number of attachments supplied in the kit is different in each case, and the more, the better. Nozzles are exactly what are used to solder plastic pipes. Good elements should be coated with Teflon, which prevents the material from burning. Each nozzle consists of a sleeve for melting the outer surface of products and a mandrel for the inside of pipes.
3. If you have the financial means, you should purchase a soldering iron on which you can simultaneously install several nozzles at once: this will significantly save time, since to replace the nozzle you need to cool the tool each time, and then, to resume work, heat it up again.
4. Expensive professional soldering irons are equipped with an electronic heating temperature control unit, which allows you to set its value with an accuracy of 1-5°C. A craftsman who is wondering how to solder pipes with a soldering iron does not have to purchase expensive products, but measures the temperature of the nozzle using an appropriate thermometer.

Source: https://morflot.su/kak-pravilno-polzovatsja-pajalnikom-dlja/

How to use a soldering iron correctly

IMPORTANT! To save an article to bookmarks, press: CTRL + D

How to learn how to solder correctly with an electric soldering iron: operating rules

The soldering procedure is a very simple operation if you follow the technological process and the availability of skills. This article will tell you how to solder correctly at home and explain the basics of soldering work.

Starting from the simplest soldering of wire strands and gradually mastering more complex actions, the skill and quality of connecting parts will increase. How to properly solder with a soldering iron with rosin and acid is described in the technological process of soldering work, which is radically different from welding.

In addition to conventional electric soldering irons, experienced craftsmen have professional soldering stations for repairing printed circuit boards of complex devices.

Soldering technology

There are four types of devices used for soldering: electric, induction, gas, hot air. Electric soldering irons have a spiral or ceramic type heater, gas soldering irons use a torch, and hot air soldering irons use an air flow. The most commonly used are electric soldering irons, which are very easy to use and affordable. They are divided according to power, which determines the release of heat flow to the contacting parts.

Soldering of electronic elements is carried out with electric soldering irons with a power of up to 40 W, and for thin-walled parts, devices of about 80-100 watts are used. More massive devices are used to work with metal with a wall thickness of 2 mm or more. These tools include hammer-type soldering irons with a power of over 250 W. The choice of an electric soldering iron is also influenced by the thermal conductivity of the workpiece.

The soldering process takes advantage of the ability of molten metal to flow well. This joining method makes the parts one-piece, united by a layer of solder after the hot mass has solidified. The amount of electrical conductivity depends on the quality of the soldering of the contacts. To learn how to work with a soldering iron, it is recommended to watch the corresponding video, as well as study the instructions for working with this electrical appliance.

Connecting parts by soldering is possible if two conditions are met:

• cleanliness of the adhesion site;
• compliance with temperature conditions.

Cleanliness of the soldering area

The presence of an oxide film on the legs of radio components prevents attachment to the solder surface. This process occurs at the atomic level, so the presence of contaminants will not ensure that it adheres reliably to the elements. Fluxes are used to prevent the formation of an oxide film. In order to understand how to properly solder with rosin or acid, familiarize yourself with the technology of their use.

Compliance with temperature conditions

Before you start soldering, you need to decide on the choice of alloy for the elements used. The temperature at which the solder goes into a molten state must be below the permissible temperature for the parts being soldered. This is especially true for aluminum compounds, as well as elements with large shrinkage during solidification, which interferes with the normal crystalline formation of the solder mass.

Basic mistakes when working with a soldering iron

The soldering process seems to be a very simple matter only to the uninitiated. However, it requires some knowledge and certain skills, depending on experience. Learning how to solder correctly with rosin, solder and acid is not difficult at all.

To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology, the basic principles of performing work, and try to avoid the main mistakes. Before you learn how to solder with a soldering iron, you should carefully study the basic operating techniques, as well as some nuances. Dexterity comes gradually, as does the quality of the connections performed.

Typical mistakes made by beginners when using a soldering iron include:

Poor soldering threatens the failure of electrical parts and occurs for several reasons. This occurs due to a poorly heated soldering iron tip, the use of a refractory alloy, the movement of contacts during the solidification of the mass, as well as an excessively cold soldering surface.

This process occurs when an electric soldering iron is used with more power than necessary, as well as a high temperature of its tip for a certain type of soldering work. In addition, overheating occurs when a heated soldering iron is exposed to the work area for a long time, or when refractory solder is used to connect elements with low temperature resistance. This leads to thermal destruction of connecting wires and parts, and a change in their characteristics.

Solder rolling

The rolling process occurs due to poor cleaning of the elements being connected. The oxidizing layer on them does not allow the alloy to spread well and get into small crevices. In addition, this occurs when the joints are poorly treated with flux, as well as the brand of flux does not match the metal being soldered. Rolling leads to poor contact and possible mechanical damage at the slightest external influence.

Chemical destruction

Chemical destruction occurs when the wrong flux is chosen, which does not match the type of elements being connected by electrical soldering. In addition, it can occur if the joints are not washed at the end of the work process. This threatens corrosion and destruction of the metal conductor.

This information will help you understand how to learn how to properly solder electrical connections to ensure reliable contact.

Preparatory process

At this stage, the electric soldering iron and the products to be connected are prepared. To determine what is needed to solder parts with a soldering iron, you need to have a minimum set of components at home. It consists of an electric soldering iron, fluxes for various materials, solder, and auxiliary tools. A new electric soldering iron may smoke when initially plugged into the mains. This is quite normal - this is how preservative oils burn out on its sting.

Tips can have different shapes, suitable for various types of soldering. The new tip is tin-plated to protect against wear and oxidation. To do this, the heated tip is immersed in rosin, the metal is melted on it, and then rubbed on a wooden block. As a result of this procedure, the tip should be completely covered with alloy. During the soldering process, the flux gradually corrodes the copper tip, which requires periodic sharpening and repetition of the tinning procedure.

Before soldering with rosin and tin with a soldering iron, the area is prepared. Parts used for electrical soldering are cleaned of contaminants and degreased. For this, various solvents based on acetone, gasoline and other liquids are used, and rust is removed mechanically. This is necessary to quickly remove the oxidizing film from the surfaces being joined.

Tinning or fluxing

Tinning involves covering the surface of the products to be joined with a thin layer of solder. This procedure is used in the preparatory process, as well as the intermediate and final ones. Using the preparatory procedure greatly facilitates the final connection of the elements, since already tinned parts are easily soldered.

Tinning the ends of wires of various diameters is one of the most common soldering operations. Flux is applied to the core that has been cleared of insulation, after which a tip with solder is passed along its surface. The molten metal easily transfers to the core and the tinning procedure is completed. To improve the procedure, it is recommended to mechanically strip the surface of wires and cables. Radio components do not require this preliminary procedure and can be easily soldered on boards.

Different fluxes are used for different metals being joined. They are designed specifically to work with certain materials. Fluxes for electric soldering of aluminum are also suitable for stainless steel products. In this case, it is necessary to clean the surface of the products from their residues after soldering is completed in order to avoid corrosion.

Soldering technique

The work is performed using a soldering iron by draining the solder from the tip onto the part and directly feeding it to the pad of the element being soldered. Regardless of the soldering method, the part is prepared, installed and secured in its working position. After this, the treatment area is wetted with flux and the electric soldering iron is heated. A video with a detailed demonstration of the process will show you how to solder with a soldering iron with rosin.

When the solder is drained from the tip, it is pressed against the soldered element. The flux boils and gradually evaporates, allowing the molten metal to flow smoothly from the tip to the joint. By carrying out translational movements with the sting along the area to be joined, the metal is distributed over the joint area and the area being treated is straightened.

  How to use a split system correctly

Supplying the alloy to the soldering site involves preheating the elements to the desired joint temperature. After this, the soldering iron feeds the molten metal end-to-end between the tip and the part. This working method is more suitable for large parts.

After using various acid fluxes, they must be washed off to ensure the connection is protected from corrosion.

Solder Types

For soldering with electric soldering irons, low-temperature solders of the POS brand are used. These tin-lead materials are in the form of metal rods. According to GOST, these hard alloys have different tin contents in their composition. Depending on this, they are marked (POS-61, POS-40, POS-30). In addition to them, lead-free and other non-toxic soldering compounds are produced. They have a higher melting point and provide high joint hardness.

Some alloys have a low spreading temperature and are used for radioelements and microcircuits of numerous boards that are especially sensitive to overheating. The actively used ones include tin-silver compositions of the PSR type, as well as tin in its pure form. For numerous soldered parts, there are tables with the components used to connect them.

Soldering temperature

The heating temperature of the tip of an electric soldering iron directly determines the quality of the elements being soldered. Insufficient heating will not allow the metal to spread over the surface even when using flux. Such a connection will have a loose structure and low strength.

The tip temperature should be 40 °C higher than the soldering temperature value, and for soldered parts this indicator must be in the range of 40-80 °C. In this case, the soldering tip heats up 60-120 °C above the melting point of the solder. At soldering stations, the required temperature is set by a special regulator.

To visually determine the required heating, rosin is used as an indicator. It should release steam and boil, remaining on the tip in the form of small boiling drops.

Security measures

During the electrical soldering process, caustic gases are released that are hazardous to health, so work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area. In addition, the technological process is accompanied by periodic splashes of molten metal and flux. Use special glasses to protect your eyes.

Please note that corded electric soldering irons require special precautions because they have exposed metal parts. Pay special attention to the condition of the insulation of the power supply wire.

Make sure that it does not come into contact with the hot parts of the electric soldering iron, which can lead to an electrical short and a fire.

We also recommend reading:

Why pay for polishing? Cover the body itself with liquid glass!

Quit smoking in a few days with this product!

Source: https://akakpravilno.ru/polsovatsya/kak-pravilno-polzovatsya-payalnikom

How to use a soldering iron correctly?

Anyone knows what a soldering iron is. But not everyone uses it often. How to learn to use a soldering iron?

Soldering is not a complicated process. This is a common event for almost any person. The main thing is to know how to use a soldering iron.

Soldering technology

Soldering is the joining of metals using a molten metal with a low melting point. This low-melting metal is called solder. To perform soldering, it is necessary to heat the metals to be joined at the joint area to the melting temperature of the solder. Only under this condition is the solder melt able to fill the contact gap between the metals and penetrate into their volume. Thus, a fairly strong bond between the metals arises, both mechanical and electrical.

In the soldering process, the most popular alloy is tin and lead, in which the tin content can range from 20 to 90%. The best results are shown by solders of the POS-40 or POS-60 type (the numbers indicate the tin content as a percentage). These solders begin to melt at temperatures of 230 and 180ºС. In some cases, tin-lead solder with the addition of bismuth (POSV-33) is used, which melts when heated to 130ºC.

For soldering aluminum wires, special aluminum-based alloys must be used, which have a significantly higher melting point. Tin-based solders are sold in the form of rods or wires measuring 0.5-2 mm. In the case of soldering small-section wires or parts, preference is given to wire solder, since it is easier to work with.

In most cases, soldering is impossible without cleaning the metal surface from the oxide film. To destroy it, a special substance is used - flux. For soldering copper products or products made of copper alloys, rosin is used as a flux. When heated at the soldering site, the flux protects the metal from the influence of the atmosphere.

In wire solders, rosin is usually included in the composition of the wire. To speed up soldering, experienced solders do without flux and use soldering acid to clean the metal surface. For ease of use, flux is used in different forms. For example, the flux may be a solution of rosin in alcohol.

In especially critical cases, rosin brand LTI-120 is used.

Soldering of various metal products

Copper or copper alloy parts generally do not cause soldering problems. They can be easily soldered using tin and rosin based solder. Silver and silver-plated products can be soldered in the same way as copper, however, in order to improve the reliability of the connection, it is recommended to use special tin-lead solder with a silver additive.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKZBAqnGoZ4

Steel products and zinc-coated metals are soldered with rosin very poorly. The situation is corrected by soldering acid, which destroys the oxide film. Alloys for heating devices (including nichrome) can only be soldered using special fluxes.

Among folk remedies, regular aspirin can be effective when used instead of a special flux. Aluminum products, aluminum-based alloys and stainless steels cannot be soldered using rosin.

THIS IS INTERESTING:  What are Uoni electrodes used for?

To solder them, they use specific means (the use of concentrated orthophosphoric acid is effective) and special alloys as solder.

Features of choosing a soldering iron

To carry out soldering, the main tool required is a soldering iron. Any soldering iron includes a body with a handle; heating element (most often a conventional spiral is used); copper tip and wire for connecting to the electrical network.

The heating element is covered with a casing, and a copper tip is located and fixed inside it. When voltage is applied, it ensures heating of the entire tip.

The tip has a cylindrical part, which is fixed inside the heater, and a working section (tip of the tip).

The shape of the working part of the sting can be in the form of a blade, as well as a conical or needle-shaped shape. Typically, a tip is installed in the form of a blade with a bevel of 45º in one direction or with cuts on both sides. The working section of the tip can be straight or bent down, depending on the soldering location.

The soldering iron is selected primarily based on its power. Naturally, the higher the power of the heating element, the higher the heating temperature of the soldering area and the greater the volume of the heated material. Soldering irons for household needs are available with power from 20 to 125 W. Under normal conditions, the use of 25 or 40 W soldering irons is considered optimal for repairing household appliances. These soldering irons are recommended for beginner soldering irons.

The tip of almost all soldering irons is made of copper, which is due to its high thermal conductivity. The diameter of the tip has a noticeable effect on soldering parameters. There are mainly two types of stings: a regular one with a diameter of 4-5 mm and a small one with a diameter of 2-3 mm. Of course, when soldering small electrical circuits, it is advisable to use a low-power soldering iron with a small-sized copper tip.

Preparatory work

To use a soldering iron correctly, you need to prepare for soldering. First of all, you need to prepare your workplace. Working with a soldering iron involves high temperatures and electrical voltage.

Therefore, the socket for turning on the soldering iron should be located within arm's reach for quick shutdown if necessary. The soldering iron itself should be placed on a convenient stand that allows for quick installation and removal of the soldering iron.

At the same time, it should not touch the table or other objects when heated.

This soldering iron stand of various shapes is sold ready-made. You can do it yourself. A homemade stand has a textolite base, in which two posts made of steel wire or rod with a diameter of 4-5 mm are fixed. This stand has an M-shape and is secured with both legs at the base. The soldering iron is installed in the central recess of both racks at the same time, usually in a horizontal position.

For ease of use, small containers for solder and rosin should be provided. It is better if these are small metal jars of small height, but of sufficient diameter. The containers must be secured so that they do not move during the soldering process.

The soldering iron tip requires preparation before use. First you need to inspect the surface of the work area. If, after previous use, defects are noticeable on the surface of the tip, then it is necessary to remove all surface defects (sagging, gouges, etc.) with a file. If the tip of the tip has lost its shape, you should sharpen it with a file and restore the 45º bevel.

It is very important to cover the tip of the tip with solder (tin it). This is done as follows. The soldering iron is heated to the melting temperature of the solder. One side of the soldering iron tip is placed in rosin and then in solder. Without turning off the soldering iron, remove excess solder with a rag.

Better yet, rub the tip with the molten solder on a flat wooden surface until the solder evenly covers the surface of the tip of the tip. Similar tinning is carried out on the second side of the tip.

If the bevel on the working area of ​​the tip is made only in one direction, then it is enough to tin only the beveled area of ​​the tip.

In addition, it is advisable to prepare the metals to be soldered, especially if they are of a decent size. It is advisable to treat the area where metals are soldered with emery cloth or a needle file.

If the metal is contaminated, especially with fats and oils, then it is necessary to clean its surface with a solvent.

Steel parts should be treated with soldering acid.

Using a soldering iron

The soldering process is quite simple, but it is subject to several conditions. A soldering iron with a tinned tip is plugged into a power outlet. Soldering can only begin if the tip of the tip is sufficiently warmed up. An ordinary household soldering iron heats up in 5 minutes. The main condition that determines when you can use a soldering iron is based on the fact that a sufficiently heated tip causes the rosin to boil and obtain a homogeneous melt of solder.

This heating corresponds to a temperature of 240-280ºС, which is the norm. Low heating of the tip only leads to softening of the flux and easy melting of the tin. The solder in this case has a mushy appearance and cannot be used for soldering. Overheating of the soldering iron causes hissing and spattering of flux, and the solder melt does not have plasticity. In this case, you need to turn off the soldering iron and give it time to cool down. Only after the soldering iron has cooled can you try soldering again.

In order for the connection of metals after soldering to be high-quality and reliable, they must first be tinned. The heated tip is first immersed in rosin and with its help the metal is cleaned. Then a soldering iron is used to transfer the solder melt to the metal surface and rub it over it in an even layer. Tinning the end of the wire is done with solder when the wire is immersed in rosin.

When soldering tinned parts, rosin is usually no longer used. The tinned parts are tightly applied to each other. A properly heated soldering iron is brought to the contact area of ​​the parts and the tip of the tip is used to heat the soldering area.

The solder located on the surface of the parts melts and the metals are joined. The soldering iron is removed and placed on the stand, and the pressing of the parts must continue until the melt hardens. This shutter speed is usually 3-4 seconds.

If there is not enough solder in the layer on the metal surface, then a new drop of melt is transferred by the tip.

Correct soldering of wires

Before soldering the wires, it is advisable to twist their ends together. The solder melt is applied so that it flows into the gaps between the wires. When it is not possible to twist the ends of the wires, soldering is carried out overlapping, i.e.

one end overlaps the other. Butt soldering of wires is not performed due to unreliability.

In the case when there is a need to solder the end of one wire to the middle of another, it is recommended to first wrap the end of the first around the second or at least embrace it by bending it.

Necessary tool

In order to use a soldering iron, you also need to prepare some tools, namely:

• pliers;
• tweezers;
• side cutters;
• wire cutters;
• knife;
• scissors;
• brush;
• needle file;
• file;
• sandpaper;
• tester.

Of course, you need to prepare a soldering iron with a power of 25 or 40 W.

Almost every person has a need for soldering. The question of how to use a soldering iron correctly is not a problem. A little training, a high-quality soldering iron and good solder will give you the opportunity to quickly master this simple task.

Source: https://tools.adstores.ru/article/kak-pravilno-polzovatsya-payalnikom

How to use a soldering iron correctly - Metals, equipment, instructions

Soldering is one of the most effective and simplest ways to connect metal materials, wires and parts.

Although soldering work is considered simple, you will need certain knowledge and skills. The most common type of soldering is work done with a soldering iron.

To know how to properly solder with a soldering iron with rosin or other types of fluxes, you need to delve a little deeper into the topic.

There are different types of soldering irons that differ in power.

• Electric soldering irons are the most common and operate on electricity.
• Gas - they work using a gas burner.
• Thermal air - use air flow.
• Induction soldering irons - their work is based on heating the tip with a magnetic field.

One of the varieties of this tool is also a soldering iron for rhinestones. It is considered one of the most common elements when working with thermal rhinestones. The technology for using this product is very simple - put the rhinestone on the fabric and apply a soldering iron on top, the glue penetrates the fabric and securely holds them together.

In everyday life, electric soldering irons are most often used, having different powers for different types of work. For soldering electronic components, soldering irons with a power of up to 40 W are used; if the parts have a wall thickness of no more than 1 millimeter, then the device has a power of 80 to 100 W. For thicker-walled parts, soldering irons with a power of over 100 W are used.

Solders and Fluxes

Before you begin soldering work, you need to select solders and fluxes. For electrical soldering, there are different types of solder, which can be soft or hard.

Soft ones include tin-lead alloys, which have a low melting point and are not particularly strong. It is not recommended to use them if the soldering temperature exceeds 100 degrees Celsius. Refractory alloys include silver and copper alloys.

They are perfect for those connections where there will only be a static load on the material, since such alloys are very fragile.

Fluxes are responsible for how the metal will be soldered and how strong the connection will be. Its task is to remove the metal oxide film. The following fluxes are used: various mixtures of rosin and acid. Rosin mixtures are commonly used when soldering electronics, while acid is used to join small wires and small contacts.

Tinning the tip

The tip is a cylindrical rod made of copper. Its shape can be changed depending on the type of work. For example, it can be flattened into the shape of a screwdriver tip. This type of sharpening is used when soldering massive parts. You can also grind off a pyramid-shaped tip; it should be used when soldering small parts.

Tinning is used at the preparatory stage and involves covering the tip with a thin layer of solder for better contact with the surface to be connected. This operation will protect the tip from rapid wear and corrosion.

Soldering conductors

To know how to solder a wire to a contact, you just need to practice a little. Before proceeding directly to soldering, you should thoroughly warm up the soldering tool; when you use it for the first time, the soldering iron begins to smoke - this burns out the lubricant used in its production. It needs to be allowed to cool, then turned on again.

Next, the first thing you need to do is clean the insulation; it can be easily removed with wire cutters in one movement. Insulation in the form of enamel, paint or fabric wrapping must first be burned. Then go over the wires with sandpaper or resort to a chemical method - put the wire on an aspirin tablet and heat it with a soldering iron.

The next step is to apply a little flux to the wire you are going to solder, then use a soldering iron to begin tinning. Immediately after this, you need to connect the two ends of the wire, carefully heat the contact point until the solder melts and quickly remove the soldering iron so as not to overheat the parts.

Modern electronic devices do not have wires. The connection is made by soldering the contact surface. For such types of work, use a low-power soldering iron with a power of 10-12 W. Before use, you can make several copper tips with branches for it. They will allow you to use the tool when working with LEDs and various radio elements.

Working with the board

Before soldering the wire to the board , you need to perform certain actions:

• Insert the part into the previously prepared place.
• Bring the heated soldering iron along with the solder to the soldering area.
• Apply a thin layer of solder to the contacts of the board and the pins of the part.
• Quickly remove the soldering tool.

The heated soldering iron tip should be in contact with the board and contacts at the same time. We remove it only when the soldering area is covered with a thin layer of solder. Excess solder can be removed with copper wire; you just need to bring it to the soldering site.

Induction soldering

This type of soldering is widely used in industry and allows you to connect various conductive metals, such as copper, steel, aluminum, hard alloys, etc. During the operation, non-contact heating occurs due to the formation of eddy currents. To protect parts from oxidation, induction soldering is carried out using fluxes or in a vacuum.

Common mistakes

Typical mistakes made by beginners:

1. Don't get lost
2. Overheat
3. Chemical destruction
4. Solder rolling

Failure to solder occurs due to the fact that the soldering iron was not warmed up enough , or the materials being soldered were too refractory, and the soldering iron had too little power.

Overheating is the exact opposite of unsoldering. The main reasons for overheating: using a soldering tool that is too powerful, or leaving it on the soldering area for too long.

Solder rolling occurs due to the fact that the surface of the materials being joined was poorly cleaned. The oxidizing layer on their surface does not allow the solder to spread well, which leads to poor contact of the components being soldered.

Chemical destruction appears at the soldering site due to incorrectly selected flux, and if washing is not carried out after soldering. This leads to corrosion and gradual destruction of the soldering area.

Proper care

A high-quality soldering iron is not a cheap tool, and like any other tool, it requires careful care. Basic rules for caring for it:

• It is not recommended to turn on the soldering iron with the tip removed, as this leads to overheating of the element and significantly reduces the service life of the tool
• Before first use, you need to coat the tip with high-quality flux and tin it.
• After completing the work, you need to thoroughly clean the tip and tin it, this will help to quickly warm up the tool the next time you use it.
• During soldering, you need to periodically apply solder to the tip of the soldering agent, so its tip will last you longer.

Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/kak-pravilno-polzovatsya-payalnikom/

News in Russia and in the world - Newsland - information and discussion portal. News, opinions, analytics, journalism

While everything with a toothbrush is more or less clear, not everyone knows how to use an irrigator so as not to harm themselves and get the maximum effect. General dentist Tigran Grigoryan answers the most common questions about this device and dispels the myths that surround it.

1. Can I use the irrigator every day?

In my opinion, this hygiene item should be in every home today. It should be used daily, since the irrigator is an ideal tool for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. It can be used by both adults and children. However, smokers, people with diabetes and those who wear braces or crowns should pay special attention to this device.

2. When should you use the irrigator: before or after brushing your teeth?

Naturally, after brushing your teeth. It is also possible to use the irrigator after meals. But in this case, I recommend not to overuse, otherwise you will achieve the opposite effect.

Using an irrigator too often can lead to the formation of even larger pockets between the teeth, because it works under pressure. Remains of food will begin to clog there, which will inevitably lead to the growth of infection.

3. Can I use an irrigator if my gums bleed?

Bleeding gums are not a contraindication. Do not forget that with the help of an irrigator, we, on the contrary, massage them and clean the oral cavity even better. People with heart disease, rosacea, acute periodontitis, as well as those who have recently installed an implant or simply undergone some kind of surgical intervention in the oral cavity should refuse to use the device (or use it with caution).  

4. Can I replace the irrigator solution with regular mouth rinse?

Certainly. Moreover, you can pour regular water into it without adding anything, and it will still have the effect: good oral hygiene is guaranteed. But I note that herbal infusions, rinses, and special solutions for irrigators provide the prevention of diseases of the teeth and gums.

5. How often do you need to change the irrigator attachment?

If it is normal, then there is no need to change it! As a rule, the following attachments are included with the irrigator: for daily care (simple), orthodontic (with tiny bristles), periodontal (for cleaning periodontal pockets), a plaque remover (similar to a toothbrush) and a tongue cleaner (with spoon).

6. Is it necessary for each family member to have their own nozzle for the irrigator?

It is advisable for everyone to have their own nozzle. Don’t forget: an irrigator is still a personal hygiene item; it comes into contact with the gums and mucous membranes. You don’t brush your teeth with the same toothbrush as a family.

7. How to choose an irrigator?

In fact, at the moment the quality of irrigators from different companies is approximately the same. Therefore, when purchasing, I would pay attention to the goals that you are pursuing. If you have a large family, you need a stationary device with attachments. If you travel often, use a portable device. The main thing is that there is a warranty from the manufacturer.

8. What power should be set on the irrigator?

The basic rule when using an irrigator is: “do no harm.” There is no need to choose the highest power, otherwise you may injure your gums. It's better to use the average. Irrigators have different modes: 1-5/1-10. Choose for yourself a level from 3 (1-5) to 5 (1-10). One is enough for children.

9. When is it better to use an irrigator: after brushing your teeth at night or in the morning?

In principle, you can use it twice a day: after brushing your teeth in the morning and after brushing your teeth in the evening. But if you use it once a day, then it is better to postpone the procedure until the evening in order to completely clean your teeth and oral cavity before going to bed from plaque and food debris in the interdental space and not give any chance to the development of infections, caries and periodontal disease. Only 3-5 minutes are enough for processing.

Source: https://newsland.com/user/evpatoriya/content/vrach-stomatolog-rasskazal-kak-pravilno-polzovatsia-irrigatorom/6998584