Action button on Instagram: why is it needed and how to make it
Growing a business, offering your services and finding new clients on social networks is much easier than in real life. Instagram developers took this fact into account and added many useful features to the application.
Now every business profile owner can track statistics, promote posts and add action buttons on Instagram.
The last option is especially important, because it helps you instantly purchase goods, contact the store administration, or make an appointment with a specialist.
How to add an action button on Instagram?
First of all, you should understand the types and their advantages.
- By clicking on “Contact”, buyers will find the address on the map, send an E-mail, call or write a Direct message to company representatives. This is an analogue of quick communication, helping customers decide on a purchase and save time.
- Buttons calling for action are a direct link to a website where a person can sign up for a service.
- You can also advertise your page using them. To do this, just open the publication and click “Promote”.
Only those users who have switched to a business account can add action buttons to Instagram. It's very easy to do.
Log in to the application, tap on the three bars, go to “Settings” and select “Account”.
Find the blue inscription “Switch to business profile” at the bottom and click on it.
Now add your email address, consultant number and company location.
How to make a “Call” button?
Click "Edit Profile".
Go to the “Contact Methods” tab and fill out the field with your phone number.
Select the option that is most convenient for you: “Call” or “Write SMS”.
There is no point in adding all contacts; indicate only the data that you are going to use.
How to remove the “Call” button?
If for some reason you want to delete a number, then use the following methods.
Source: https://mir-vkontakte.ru/knopka-dejstviya-v-instagram/
News in Russia and in the world - Newsland - information and discussion portal. News, opinions, analytics, journalism
What future does Russian President Vladimir Putin's message to the Federal Assembly of January 15, 2020 promise? In essence, “perestroika-2” begins. Discussions about improving the well-being of the people and demography acted as an information cover for the start of the second perestroika.
Ownership issue
What can be highlighted? The “pots” (National Welfare Fund, etc.) will not be touched. There are no priorities for public investment and no mechanism for investing in “long-term” low-interest or interest-free money, as was the case in the USSR or exists in China. That is, the financial and economic policy will remain the same, which was confirmed by the new Prime Minister M. Mishustin.
The rich will continue to get richer, the poor (most of the people) will continue to get poorer. There will be more billionaires and multimillionaires, they will be even richer. Against the backdrop of a general decline of the people into poverty and misery. The issue of property (social justice), which is key for today's Russia, has been ignored.
The “mine” that was laid under the new Russia in the 1990s, when national, state property was transferred to a bunch of scoundrels through privatization, has not been neutralized. And its explosion could destroy not only the liberal Russian Federation, but the entire millennia-old Russian world.
The call to expand the rights of municipalities - bodies of democracy, without changing Article 12 of the Constitution (“Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities”), is meaningless. According to Article 3 of the Constitution:
"1. The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation is its multinational people. 2. The people exercise their power directly, as well as through state authorities and local governments.”
In reality, the Russian people do not have the possibility of real democracy, either through municipal bodies (councils), or through congresses, or through parliament, or through parties that serve only the interests of the authorities and big business.
The new status of the State Council, when this body should become superior to the legislative, executive and judicial powers, gain the right to go to parliament with legislative initiatives and dispose of state property, is a continuation of the unchangeable power of one person in Russia and his “friends” and partners. And the results of his 20-year reign in Russia are very sad. From the destruction of education, medicine and science, industry to the extinction of the Russian people.
Some of the presidential powers are transferred to parliament. But at the same time, the president retains control over the government, courts, prosecutors and armed forces. That is, a dual power is created: the president and the head of the State Council. This may subsequently lead either to a further reduction in the role of the president, or to a conflict of interests, which will create the preconditions for a coup d'etat and revolution.
The inviolability of Articles 1 and 2 of the 1993 Constitution, demonstrated by President Putin, means maintaining the installation of a liberal democratic state, a republican form of government, “rights and freedoms” and the invariability of the dominance of private property. That is, the Russian Federation remains a state based on pro-Western principles. Conceptually, ideologically, financially and economically, Russia remains under the West.
"Perestroika-2"
Thus, “perestroika-2” is an attempt by Putin and his entourage to preserve the old system, modernize it somewhat, and make it more stable in order to survive the coming new wave of global unrest with the development of the scenario of a big war in the Middle East. At the same time, the people were promised handouts. Nothing significant, not a single priority for the future of Russia and the people.
Attempts to improve demography and cause sustainable population growth through some material stimulation are pointless. Without a meaningful image of the future, a project and development project, a rejection of the Western society of consumption and extermination (the “golden calf” society), Russia will continue to die out, and even faster.
Putin’s Russia remains in the past, the way out of which is the death of the state, civilization and people in the raging sea of global unrest. A change of government only means strengthening financial discipline within the corporation of power and money. To fulfill social obligations and national projects, money is needed. They won't take them from the rich.
Markers of this: Mishustin opposed the abolition of the cannibalistic pension reform, against the introduction of a progressive tax and for tightening financial control over citizens. Given the inviolability of privatized (stolen from the people) property, the entire financial burden will again fall on Russian citizens who do not belong to the propertied caste.
The likelihood of a “war of the elites” in Russia with the redistribution of property and financial flows is also increasing. There are two leading scenarios here. The first is the defeat of the conditional liberals (Medvedev clan).
The president and the new prime minister, relying on the security forces, will “squeeze out” the property and transfer to themselves the financial flows of part of the Russian “elite,” which is oriented towards the liberal democratic wing of the global elite (including US Democrats). The second is that the liberals, led by Kudrin, Medvedev and Chubais, are taking over. And they are “rebuilding” Russia for themselves, continuing its “optimization” (recycling). Medvedev in this scenario is a candidate for the role of the new president.
Source: https://newsland.com/user/4297816004/content/chto-oznachaet-vtoraia-perestroika-putina/6997590
NVMe – what is it: how can it be better and how does it work?
Hi all! Today we’ll talk about what NVME is, how this protocol works, how it differs from SATA and why it is faster.
NVMe is
As you already know, unlike the familiar hard drives, which are almost always connected via a SATA port, there are a little more possibilities for connecting solid-state drives. In addition to the usual SATA slot, there are two main types of connection.
One of them is the m.2 port, designed specifically for SSDs and using its own driver and control protocols. The second connection method is through a universal PCI Express slot.
To support this type of memory drive, NVME, a data access protocol, was created. The software package is universal and works on any operating system - both Windows 10 and the already outdated “Seven”. It is morally outdated, since official support for this OS has recently been stopped by the developer.
The need for an additional protocol is due to the fact that a standard PCI controller is essentially an ordinary piece of hardware that needs to be explained how to properly interact with connected devices.
Also on this topic, I advise you to read the publication “Difference between SSD and SSD M2” (so to speak: for a reminder).
NVMe boot - what is it?
Nothing special, just the full and correct name of the technology.
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that only motherboards with UEFI support this protocol. Old versions of BIOS, even if everything is physically connected correctly, will not provide access to data on the PCI‑E SSD.
A logical question: why is such a solution needed and why are such drives better than conventional ones, that is, those connected via a SATA interface? The main advantage is the higher throughput of this bus, which means faster access to stored data.
And since SSDs are usually purchased for these purposes, when assembling a new computer, I recommend focusing on either the M.2 or PCI‑E interface.
I would like to point out some shortcomings.
This assembly involves purchasing a more expensive motherboard equipped with at least a pair of PCI Express ports. Budget models have only one such port and it is usually used to connect a graphics adapter.
On the other hand, a motherboard with an M.2 port is more expensive than mass-produced solutions. So in terms of money it turns out approximately one to one. There is also no significant difference in data transfer speed.
The articles “What is an SSD cache” and “How long does an SSD disk last” will also be useful for you. Don't forget to share my blog articles on social networks - this way you will help other users learn useful information. See you soon!
Source: https://infotechnica.ru/pro-kompyuteryi/o-nakopitelyah-informatsii/nvme-chto-eto/
Types and brands of welding electrodes
Welding metals using a voltaic arc appeared in the 19th century and became a technology that made it possible to produce objects of enormous size - from ocean ships to skyscrapers. Welded joints remain the most common type of permanent joints today.
However, welding work requires special tools - primarily electrodes, which must ensure reliable fastening of metals “tightly”. Since industry uses a large number of types of steel and non-ferrous metal alloys, welding requires a large number of different types of electrodes adapted for different materials and types of welding.
Welding work is divided into several main types:
— electrodes for welding structural steels;
— electrodes for welding alloy steel;
— electrodes for welding high-alloy steels with special properties;
— electrodes for welding cast iron;
— electrodes for metal surfacing;
— electrodes for welding non-ferrous metals;
In general, there are many welding options, and the selection of electrodes necessary for welding work is a responsible matter that must be treated carefully. So
What is required from an electrode?
When welding, the first thing required of any electrode is:
-stable burning of a voltaic arc,
-uniform melting of the metal and its stable transfer into the weld pool;
-protection of welded metals from exposure to air;
-obtaining a durable seam with the desired chemical composition and mechanical properties;
-minimal metal loss during welding due to waste and splashes; -so that slag can be easily removed from the surface of the seam;
-minimal toxicity of gases released during welding.
These requirements are met through the selection of electrode coating components.
Electrode design
The most common are consumable electrodes for arc welding. Such an electrode is a rod made of welding wire with a special coating applied to its surface. Its operation is simple - the wire melts under the influence of high temperature in a voltaic arc and forms the “body” of the weld. Why is electrode coating needed?
First of all, in order to provide gas protection of the welding zone from ambient air. When heated, the electrode coating decomposes, releasing gases that displace air.
In addition, during welding, the electrode coating releases chemicals that enter into chemical reactions with the molten weld metal, giving it special qualities or forming a slag crust on the surface of the weld.
What is the electrode coating made of?
Therefore, according to purpose, the electrode coating can be distinguished:
Gas-forming components , which when heated, decompose into gases that displace air. These include some minerals (marble, magnesite) or organic substances (flour, starch, dextrin).
-Slag-forming components that protect the crystallizing metal from the effects of oxygen from the air. At high temperatures they form slag that floats to the surface of the weld. These include oxides of silicon, titanium, aluminum, calcium, manganese, etc. They are found in marble, granite, hematite, quartz sand, ores, ilmenite and rutile concentrate.
-Deoxidizing components that can restore some of the oxides to full metal. Deoxidizers include iron-containing compounds - ferromanganese, ferrotitanium and ferrosilicon.
-Stabilizing components that facilitate the burning of a voltaic arc. They are found in marble, chalk, feldspar, soda ash, and potash.
-Alloying components that give the seam additional strength and corrosion resistance. In the electrode coating they are present in the form of alloys - ferrochrome, ferrotitanium, ferrovanadium.
All these elements are crushed into powder and bound into a homogeneous mass using sodium or potassium liquid glass.
Some coating materials serve multiple functions. For example, marble is a gas-forming, slag-forming and stabilizing mineral.
Therefore, the types of welding electrodes are distinguished by coating thickness:
| Ratio of coated diameter (D) uncoated electrode diameter | Letter designation according to GOST 9466-75 | International designation | |
| Thin coating | less than 1.2 | A | A |
| Medium Coverage | from 1.2 to 1.45 | WITH | IN |
| Thick coating | from 1.45 to 1.8 | D | R |
| Extra thick coating | more than 1.8 | G | WITH |
Marking of welding electrode coating
In some electrode coatings, gas-forming elements may predominate, while in others, slag-forming elements may predominate. In this case, minerals or hydrocarbon organic compounds can be used for gas formation. Various additives can clean the seam metal of the seam from foreign matter - phosphorus and sulfur.
Depending on this, electrode coatings are divided into
Basic
They are created on the basis of fluoride compounds (fluorspar), and calcium and magnesium carbonates (marble, magnesite and dolomite). Gas protection is provided by carbon dioxide, which is released during their decomposition. With the help of calcium, the weld metal is cleaned of sulfur and phosphorus.
Electrodes with this type of coating are used for welding alloy steels and working on critical structures subject to heavy loads and negative temperatures down to -70°C.
Sour
They are created on the basis of natural ores. Oxides are used as slag-forming components, and organic components are used as gas-forming components. When the coating melts, a large amount of oxygen is released in the molten metal and in the arc burning zone. Therefore, a lot of deoxidizers - manganese and silicon - are added to the coating.
This coating has certain toxic characteristics.
The area of application of acid-coated electrodes is welding of non-critical structures made of low-carbon steels.
Pulp
The composition of such coatings includes ferroalloys, organic resin, cellulose, and other substances that provide gas protection. A thin layer of slag forms on the weld.
The chemical composition of the weld metal corresponds to semi-quiet or calm steel.
Electrodes for welding of this type are easy to use, but the seam is characterized by low ductility.
Rutile
They are created on the basis of rutile concentrate, as well as aluminosilicates (feldspar, mica, kaolin) and carbonates (marble, magnesite). Gas protection is provided by carbonates, and slag protection by aluminosilicates. Ferromanganese is used as an alloying component and deoxidizer; iron powder is introduced into some coatings (designated according to GOST 9466-75 by the letters “RZh”). The calcium present in the carbonate removes sulfur and phosphorus from the weld metal.
Mixed coatings are also used for welding: acid-rutile (denoted by the letters “AR”), rutile-basic (“RB”), rutile-cellulose (“RC”), rutile with iron powder (“RZh”) and others (“P”). .
Marking of electrode rods
However, the electrode coating is just that: a coating. It can protect or strengthen the surface of the weld, but its main properties will still be determined by the very metal from which this seam is made - that is, from the electrode rod.
For structural steels, the main properties of welds are primarily their mechanical properties (i.e. tensile strength, impact strength, elongation, etc.).
These qualities are regulated in the markings defined in GOST 9467-75 and GOST 10052-75. In them, the designation of the electrode type contains the letter “E”, followed by an indicator of the tensile strength of the seam.
For example, the marking “E46A” means that the metal deposited with these electrodes has a strength of 46 kg/sq.mm (460 MPa) and improved (the letter “A” indicates this) plastic properties. For welding alloyed structural steels of increased and high strength, the type of electrode can be E70, E85, E100, E125, E150.
At the same time, for alloy steels the chemical composition of the metal is also important. According to GOST, these elements in the electrode rod will be designated as follows:
“E 09 X2 M” means the weld metal will contain 0.09% carbon, 2% chromium, 1% molybdenum
or
“E 10 X25 N13 G2 B” - this means that the weld metal will contain approximately 0.1% carbon, 25% chromium, 13% nickel, 2% manganese, 1% niobium.
Also, the electrode rods are marked depending on what material they should be used for welding, indicated by letters:
U - welding of carbon and low-alloy steel
T - welding of alloyed heat-resistant steels
L - welding of alloyed structural steels
B - welding of high-alloy steel
N - surfacing of surface layers
Types and brands of electrodes - how to understand them?
There are no general rules for marking electrodes in general. Therefore, the brand of electrode (for example, ANO-3, OZS-6, UONI 13/45, etc.) is accompanied by a number of numerical and letter indices, which should determine their qualities and purpose.
These indices will determine not only the brand and type of electrode, but also a number of other indicators, including the thickness of the central rod, welding current and orientation of the electrode during welding.
The latter can be determined by numbers from 1 to 4, which mean:
1 – all possible positions are acceptable;
2 – all positions are acceptable except vertical from top to bottom;
3 – lower, horizontal and vertical from top to bottom are acceptable;
4 – only lower position;
As a result, the complete marking of the UONI 13/45 electrode will look like this:
This is also very important to remember because if you weld a product with the wrong type of electrodes, then no one will give you a guarantee that it will survive until tomorrow. The price lists of our manufacturing plants will also help you choose the right electrodes.
Source: https://stvybor.ru/staty/184-tipy-i-marki-svarochnykh-elektrodov/
What does ear tympanometry reveal by type a, b, o, interpretation of the results - Website about
Tympanometry (impedansometry) is a well-known diagnostic method used by specialists to identify pathologies of the eardrum and middle ear.
The principle of the method is to create a certain pressure in the ear cavity and measure the frequency of the signal that was reflected from the membrane. Tympanometry is as effective a diagnostic procedure as speech audiometry.
The eardrum should transmit sound vibrations into the cavity of the middle ear, while the ossicles should alternately direct the received signal to the oval window. This phenomenon is considered a natural process.
But it can be impaired in certain pathologies, injuries and diseases. Tympanometry analyzes the conductivity between the ossicles of the middle ear and other abnormalities.
Tympanometry capabilities
Tympanometry allows you to identify:
- violation of the integrity of tissues and joints between the bones,
- tumors in the middle ear,
- Eustachian tube pathology
- presence of fluid in the ear cavity,
- eardrum injuries
- other adverse events requiring medical attention.
Tympanometry and audiometry
Tympanometry is an additional diagnostic method that is recommended to be combined with audiometry. Together, these types of studies will allow you to obtain the most complete clinical picture, see possible pathological processes and assess hearing acuity.
Features of tympanometry
- The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis.
- This is a non-invasive technique that is suitable for patients of any age category.
- During the study, special medical equipment (tympanometer or middle ear analyzer) is used.
- Tympanometry lasts several minutes.
- The results are assessed by an expert using a tympanogram, which is a graph showing the vibrations of the membrane.
- The specialist evaluates the amplitude and can thus determine possible deviations from the norm. The audiogram is also taken into account.
The essence of tympanometry
Tympanometry is carried out using an impedance meter and special devices (probe, inserts, sensitive sensor, sound generator), which allow creating the necessary conditions for reliable diagnosis. The purpose of the study in this case is to register and determine reflected vibrations.
Tympanometers
Tympanometers (impedance meters or middle ear analyzers) are small-sized devices that make it possible to obtain a tympanogram. They are equipped with a special probe with a soft liner at the end, which is selected individually in accordance with the parameters of the patient’s ear.
- Earbuds
- The specialist also uses earmolds that are fixed in the ear canal and create the necessary tightness.
- Probe and sensor
A special probe passes through the liners and connects to the air pump. An air pump forces air into the cavity to exert a certain pressure. The probe's sensor (or microphone) picks up the reflected sound. The probe's signal generator produces sound pressure.
Sound is supplied to the closed cavity of the ear, causing a certain pressure to be applied to its walls, which leads to their natural vibration. Due to the sensor, these fluctuations are recorded and then displayed in the form of a graph.
Tympanometers
Middle ear analyzers have been used for many years, but they are being improved and changed for the better, becoming more ergonomic, reliable and faster in operation. What are the new tympanometers like? How are they different from devices of previous years?
- Advanced functionality
- Modern tympanometers usually have software that allows them to establish a connection with the user's personal computer.
- All resulting graphs can be transferred to other media and computers, stored in the impedance meter’s memory or in a PC database.
- Convenient work with information
Some models of tympanometers are equipped with built-in printers for printing tympanograms. This significantly simplifies and speeds up the work process. Information is displayed on the screen not only in the form of a graph, but also in other formats.
Indications for tympanometry
Tympanometry is performed on patients with the following abnormalities and symptoms:
- Decreased hearing acuity.
- Adenoiditis.
- Recurrent otitis media , sinusitis or rhinitis.
- Polyps in the middle ear cavity.
- Pain or noise in the ear.
- Discharge from the ear cavity.
It is also recommended to carry out tympanometry to assess the quality of therapy and to continuously monitor the patient.
What does tympanometry reveal?
- Cystic formations in the middle ear.
- Perforation of the eardrum.
- Pathologies of the auditory tube.
- Otitis media
- Polyposis.
- Syringitis .
- Pathological changes in the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube.
To diagnose and clarify possible hearing impairments, audiometry is required.
Some modern tympanometers combine the functions of an impedance meter and an audiometer, which allows them to be multifunctional devices for various types of research.
meter-tympanometer TouchTymp MI 26 Maico
Research stages
Tympanometry is a procedure that involves several main steps and is often combined with other diagnostic methods (for example, audiometry and otoscopy).
The first stage is otoscopy
First, the outer ear is examined using otoscopy. This manipulation is necessary to prepare the patient for tympanometry.
Through a visual examination, it is determined whether there are any contaminants or foreign objects in the ear cavity that could interfere with the study.
In addition, the examination helps to see possible signs of the inflammatory process and determine the presence of contraindications to the procedure, if any.
Second stage - tympanometry
A tympanometer probe is inserted into the ear canal. With its help, air flows are created and pressure changes. The sound generator creates a wave (frequency 226 Hz). The patient perceives various sounds.
The pressure in the ear cavity changes under the influence of air flow. The generator sets the eardrum in motion. The tympanometer sensor records fluctuations. The results of tympanometry are displayed in graph format on the screen of the device or computer.
Tympanogram interpretation
A tympanogram is a graph through which a specialist can determine pathological processes in the middle ear. The main elements of a tympanogram are the so-called peaks. The expert studies them on a graph, determines the quantity, and estimates the amplitude.
Types of tympanogram
It is common to consider several types of graphs:
| Graph type | Characteristics |
| Type A |
|
| Type B |
|
| Type C |
|
| Type D |
|
| Type E |
|
| Type Ad |
|
Type A graph means that the results of the study are normal. In this case, pressure from +50 to -150 decapascals is considered normal. If tympanometry reveals abnormalities, the patient must undergo additional examinations.
Source: https://xn----7sbbajmxaaschc3ajpls.xn--p1ai/zabolevaniya/chto-vyyavlyaet-timpanometriya-uha-po-tipu-avo-rasshifrovka-rezultatov.html
Welding electrodes - classification, composition, purpose, selection guide
Metal welding is the main process in creating various metal structures, products and parts. Welding is also performed during their repair and restoration. It is a complex technical process that requires special equipment.
The main consumables for welding are welding electrodes. They allow you to make a seam connecting parts of products that are melted and connected at the molecular level. Different metals require different electrodes. Therefore, it is important to select them in accordance with technological parameters.
Purpose of electrodes
Electrodes are used both in large industries and in private households. Their types are no different. You just need to know what types of electrodes to choose. They can be used for the following purposes:
- compound;
- repair;
- eliminating cracks;
- metal surfacing;
- metal cutting.
Depending on their purpose, electrodes may differ in thickness, composition, materials, coating and other parameters, which we will consider below.
Classification of welding electrodes
Nowadays you can find a lot of electrodes for manual arc welding. It is very difficult to classify all these products according to all parameters. However, we can identify the main characteristics by which consumables can be divided.
By brand
The brands of electrodes reflect their main purpose. For example, SSSIs are widely used to operate at low temperatures; LEZ are often used for surfacing metal on damaged and worn parts; MP-3 is needed for welding critical and ordinary structures.
By diameter
The diameter of the electrodes differs depending on the thickness of the parts being welded. The thicker they are, the larger the diameter of the rod used during operation. The nominal diameter also includes the coating thickness.
Depending on the purpose
Different electrodes are used for different jobs: surfacing, welding, tack installation, etc. The greatest demand is for universal products that can be used for any type of work. This greatly speeds up and simplifies the process.
By type of coating
This parameter is very important when choosing electrodes for specific materials. The coating affects the technological properties of the seam and the welding process itself. The coating can be basic, acidic, rutile, etc.
By type and polarity of the supply current
With different electrodes you need to use different types of current - direct and alternating. The transformer must produce different types of current and have a minimum no-load voltage of 50 V.
By the magnitude of the effective current in the network
Very often, electrodes can be connected to devices that can operate from a regular home network. This makes your job a lot easier, especially if you work from home.
Along the length of the rod
Typically, the length of the rod increases with its diameter. This is due to the consumption, which increases with the thickness of the metal being welded.
Composition and characteristics
The technological properties of electrodes are determined by their chemical composition. Depending on the composition, the rods provide high-quality connections when working with steels and structures used in certain conditions. The main components contained in the electrodes are:
- carbon;
- manganese;
- fluorine;
- sulfur;
- phosphorus, etc.
Electrodes can contain elements such as vanadium, copper, etc. They give the rods the necessary qualities to ensure a reliable connection of metals.
The main characteristics of electrodes that you should pay attention to when working are parameters such as deposition rate, productivity, consumption, type of coating, fluidity and resistance. Having familiarized themselves with these characteristics, experienced craftsmen can conclude how effective the electrodes will be in their work.
Electrode Selection Guide
For beginners in welding, choosing an electrode can be a big challenge. Questions will arise about how to choose the diameter, what current should be used, and what coating to give preference to. Let's figure out how to choose the right welding electrodes.
Let's start with something simple. The electrode is a core that has a special coating that protects it from the penetration of oxygen and unnecessary impurities. During operation, the core melts, and the coating protects the seam from external influences. When welding, a slag layer is formed that protects the joint.
When choosing consumables, pay attention to the composition of the core. It should be similar to the material you are going to work with. There are many types of metals and alloys. We won’t talk about each one; we’ll focus on the one that is often encountered in everyday life.
In the household, you can most often find structural steel of small thickness. MP-3 electrodes are perfect for it. They can be used on both direct and alternating current. Having a rutile coating, they provide a small spatter of metal, which saves material and protects the welder from burns, and are also easy to ignite, which makes work easier.
The next point is connecting the electrodes. Most devices operate with direct current. There are two connection methods here - reverse and direct polarity.
Straight polarity - the ground is connected to “+”, and the holder is connected to “-”. Reverse polarity - the ground is connected to “-”, and the holder is connected to “+”.
When welding at “+” a lot of heat is generated. This means that it is better to cook massive parts with reverse polarity, and thin ones with direct polarity.
The diameter of the electrode is selected depending on the thickness of the products that you will cook.
When selecting the welding current, you need to know that for 1 mm of electrode diameter, about 20 - 30 A is required. Thus, if the electrode has a diameter of 3 mm, an approximate current strength of 80 - 110 A will be needed.
There are no exact current values. Each welder selects them independently. Manufacturers of electrodes indicate the approximate current - a plug in which you can choose the most comfortable value.
The more current is supplied to the electrode, the more liquid and uncontrollable the bath becomes. The master must adjust the current so that it is convenient for him to work.
Depending on the types of materials being welded, you need to select electrodes that are suitable in composition and diameter. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve a high-quality connection.
Conclusion
Welding electrodes are used when performing work on connecting structures or product parts. They create a weld that has the same properties as the base metal. Electrodes are consumables for welding work and can be used both in industrial production and in private households.
You can buy rods at various hardware stores and online stores. Their prices may vary depending on the manufacturer, quality and purpose. The main task of the buyer is the correct selection of electrodes and their parameters. Then you can make a reliable connection that will last a long time.
Source: http://instrument-blog.ru/svarka/svarochnye-elektrody-klassifikatsiya-sostav-naznachenie-rukovodstvo-po-vyboru.html
