How to connect fittings correctly

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation: welding or knitting

When laying reinforcement in a reinforced concrete structure, the elements can be connected in two ways: welding or bonding.

Each of these technologies has its own advantages and disadvantages, and their implementation is regulated by state standards:

• GOST 14098 2014 for welded connections of reinforcement;
• GOST 10922-2012 for mechanical, welded and knitted joints. 

Which connection method to choose in each specific case must be decided, knowing the pros and cons of each option. Welding is the simplest solution and is chosen in the vast majority of cases.

Welding reinforcement

If welding is chosen as a technology for forming the reinforcement frame, it is necessary to understand that this procedure has a significant impact on the material - not only its surface structure is damaged, but also its internal structure. As a result, the metal loses its strength and rigidity parameters.

In some cases, this is not permissible if rods of small diameters are used. In this case, it is necessary to carry out welding work - ideally to reduce the negative impact. If large rods are used, then high temperatures will not have a significant effect.

If work is carried out in accordance with GOST, welding of reinforcement shows the following advantages:

• work is completed quickly;
• reasonable cost of materials consumed during the welding process;
• the ability to form structures with a high level of strength.

State standards require the use of welding for the construction of the following objects:

• construction of foundations or foundations;
• implementation of blind areas;
• construction of objects using concreting technology. 

When performing these works, it is necessary to understand their features:

• the material heats up to melting temperatures, which causes a loss of its physical and chemical properties;
• to compensate for the lost parameters, it is necessary to create a more dense structure;
• work with each connection separately - checking after cooling for the appearance of microscopic cracks;
• in contact areas, process the material with a grinding device to ensure a tight fit of the elements. 

Of all the options offered by GOST, welding of reinforcement with a plate and overlap is used more often than others. In the first case, an additional element is used, which forms the reliability of the weld. The second option involves forming a frame from rods of small diameter. GOST prohibits overlap welding of reinforcement in areas where loads are concentrated in areas of highest stress. The state standard prescribes the use of this method in the following cases:

• in areas of minimum voltage;
• with a rod diameter of 1 cm, the whip should be 50 cm;
• all structural elements must have approximately the same diameter;
• connections should not be located next to each other. 

If you choose welding to form the foundation frame, you must understand the disadvantages of the technology:

• structural changes in materials cause a partial loss of performance characteristics;
• the work requires high qualifications to eliminate undercut joints and other defects;
• Vibrators cannot be used to compact concrete. 

Welding work to form the foundations of buildings is advisable when performing large-scale work. In suburban private construction, it is rational to use the method of tying reinforcement.

How to knit reinforcement 

When deciding how to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation or another type of foundation, you need to understand that there are several methods. A special knitting wire is used for the work; its diameter varies from 0.8 to 1.0 mm. For large-scale frames, material with large diameters can be used - up to 4 mm. The two most commonly used knitting methods are:

• Crochet. To understand how to crochet reinforcement, you first need to prepare yourself for long and painstaking work. Many people try to make the process easier with the help of specially designed hooks, a screwdriver or a special gun. The best option must be chosen by the master himself - for himself. This method is the most popular among specialists. Most often, diagonal knitting is used, when the wire is bent in half, it is pulled over the joint, the loop is inserted into the hook and tightened, the hook is pulled tight and scrolled clockwise.
• Overlapping. Before knitting reinforcement for the foundation with an overlap, you need to understand that you will need more knitting wire than with the crochet technology. But the advantage is that there is no need for special equipment and additional operations. This method is suitable for reinforcement with a periodic profile. The overlap value should be equal to 30 rod diameters. Lap knitting is applicable for foundations, floor slabs and other structural elements.

There is a common opinion that if a structure is being erected on difficult soils, it is better not to weld the reinforcement, but to knit it. But experts are not so categorical, not only in this case, but in many others. It is advisable to obtain specialist advice in each specific case.

GOST for connections

Several state standards have been developed and implemented for reinforcement connections in reinforced concrete structures:

• GOST8713-79;
• GOST10922-2012;
• GOST14771-76;
• GOST 14098-2014.

Read also: Use of composite reinforcement in construction

In these documents you will find all the issues of standardization of connections by size, type and design.

Source: http://solidiron.ru/metalloprokat/pravila-raboty-s-armaturojj-vybiraem-mezhdu-svarkojj-i-vyazkojj.html

How to properly knit and bend reinforcement for foundations: installation technology

Reinforcement cage indicating strapping locations

In all modern foundations, construction is not complete without the use of reinforcement - interconnected metal rods that absorb tensile stresses when used in conjunction with concrete. The frame creates vertical and horizontal belts, serves to increase the strength of the structure and uniformly distribute loads.

If the reinforcement is weakly or incorrectly connected, it will creep apart, thereby compromising the integrity of the foundation. This will lead to its slow destruction. Tying the rods together is quite simple, but highly specialized specialists know well how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation.

The frame connection scheme is almost the same for all types of foundations, except for columnar wooden or metal ones, where a frame is formed on top of the pile head using reinforcement or beams.

They are connected to the head and welded, in which case the rods or wire rod have to be bent at a specific angle.

Three methods of tying reinforcement cages

Schematic representation of reinforcement tying technology methods

To form the metal frame of the base, three strapping methods are used:

1. Welding. At first glance, welding is the simplest and most effective way to connect reinforcement, but in practice everything looks different. During welding, the metal is heated to high temperatures and deformed, which results in a partial loss of rigidity. You also have to hire a professional welder who knows about the properties of the metal and can avoid burning it, and this is an additional financial expense. There is also a risk of destruction of the welding site during operation of the industrial vibrator. Difficulties arise if you bend metal close to the welding site.
2. Connection using bent wire or plastic clamps (ties). This method is popular among many developers, since the connection can be made with your own hands in a matter of minutes. If flexible wire is used, then a special tool must be used to connect the links. Plastic clamps are more reliable than wire, but are more expensive. The connection diagram is similar, only then you have to bend the rods at the required angle.
3. Overlapping. This method involves overlapping reinforcement with further fixation with wire. It is practiced more for horizontal belts made of mesh, and a vertical smooth rod is used inside the joint.

Any of the above methods can be implemented with your own hands. In this case, you have to bend the metal, which is quite problematic, given the rigidity of the reinforcement and its minimum diameter for horizontal chords of 12 mm.

Knitting reinforcement with your own hands

With all the variety of specialized construction tools, not all private developers have the opportunity to buy or rent them. Knitting rods does not require expensive tools; moreover, you can do it yourself.

To do this, you need to purchase steel binding wire. It is quite flexible and durable, has a diameter of 2-3 mm. To bend it, you will have to use pliers or a specially made hook, which subsequently twists around the reinforcement and fixes it. Some craftsmen who perform reinforcement with their own hands sometimes use a screwdriver as a simpler and easier way to knit. If you knit with wire, you will need:

• One of the options for knitting the base frame using a hook. Craftsmen sometimes use a screwdriver as an easier way to tie reinforcement bars with their own hands. Cut a piece of wire about 30 cm long. You can do more if you don’t mind it, but the ends will get in the way (including excess waste);
• then fold the wire in half to increase rigidity and strength;
• bend it diagonally around the reinforcement joint and make a small loop;
• Place the hook in the loop and twist clockwise evenly, without unnecessary effort, until it becomes difficult to wrap or the connection becomes strong enough. The main thing is not to use force, since it is easy to break the wire and then you will have to start all over again;
• Cut off the ends of the wire with pliers and discard.

In the case of reinforcement of a columnar foundation, the reinforcement cage can be bent and then fixed to the heads with special clamps. Some manufacturers already supply metal or wooden piles with special clamping brackets and couplings.

In this case, it is enough to bend the rod and insert it into the bracket. Clamp the bracket and boil it on top; you can do all this yourself, using a minimum of tools.

In the case of using smooth reinforcement, the tying process is more labor-intensive, since the hooks will constantly bend and cannot be done without a specialized tool at hand, as well as without outside help.

It is better to knit the reinforcement cage for a slab monolithic foundation from several belts. For the horizontal tier, spiral rods with a cross-section of up to 16 mm are used, and for vertical links, smooth rods with a cross-section of up to 10 mm are used. When installing the lower mesh, it is recommended to use plastic expansion joints, which will create a uniform pitch. Then, when knitting vertical rods, it is important not to forget to take them outside the foundation, due to the fact that load-bearing walls will be connected to them.

Using plastic ties for knitting is a more expensive option for replacing wire, but clamps (ties) can be found in any household. The principle of tying is similar, but the plastic for the ties is less durable. Therefore, it is better not to use force during installation.

The most popular clamps have a special core at the end of the tie; they are used to secure cables and pipes to vertical surfaces. Plastic showed excellent results when knitting with your own hands in warm weather; in cold weather it quickly loses its elasticity and bursts.

matings:

Tying reinforcement for the foundation according to all the rules

Sketch of the technology for correctly creating connections between reinforcing bars and crocheting

It is quite possible to knit reinforcement using available materials. But it is worth noting that correctly tying the rods together does not guarantee compliance with all building codes and high-quality installation. Since the pattern of knitting the frame depends on the type of foundation, its size, thickness and type of material used. Therefore, you need to take into account several key rules:

1. If mesh is used as a reinforcement frame, then the strapping must be overlapped.
2. Taking into account the type and cross-section of the reinforcement, it is necessary to calculate the length of the bypass at the connection points.
3. The rods must be bent strictly at a certain angle and evenly.
4. The grade of concrete and working conditions at the joint are taken into account. The minimum overlap length is at least 25 cm.

If reinforcement is carried out at a height of 3 meters or more, then scaffolding or scaffolding is indispensable. The strapping technology turns out to be more complex, due to existing safety rules for working at height. Tying is carried out in three stages:

1. First prepare the reinforcement and tie slings to it.
2. Raise to the required height, level and place in plastic guides.
3. Tie the rods using any of the listed technologies.

Work at height should be carried out only with several workers at a time, provide insurance and control the process of lifting the rods and then installing them in the specified places. Doing this yourself without insurance is strictly prohibited.

The cost of strapping is relatively low, since craftsmen can process several square meters of frame in an hour. And when using special knitting tools, it’s even faster. And they guarantee the quality of the knitting of the rods and compliance with all construction standards, especially since the rods will be bent with special pliers.

instructions

Source: https://FundamentClub.ru/armirovanie/kak-pravilno-vyazat-armaturu.html

Knitting or welding - the methods used for connecting reinforcement bars

Knitting a frame is inherently the simplest way to connect

A professional approach to foundation construction guarantees a long service life of the building. A strong base maintains its integrity, as it is resistant to cracks as a result of soil shrinkage. Ensuring the strength of the foundation using a space frame is a significant challenge. It is important to carefully consider the design features of a reinforced structure, for the manufacture of which steel rods or metal mesh can be used.

For small buildings, a strip-type foundation is often used as a foundation. If manufactured correctly, it ensures the stability of buildings for a long time. It is impossible to form a reliable foundation by pouring the foundation with a concrete mixture without additional reinforcement. In this case, as a result of deformation, after a certain period of time it will crack.

When laying the foundation, the reinforcement can be connected in two main ways: welding or tying

Properly performed reinforcement helps prevent premature damage to the integrity of the base. The range of reinforcement is determined by calculation.

The use of steel rods allows:

• significantly increase the strength of the foundation;
• ensure uniform distribution of current forces;
• dampen the soil reaction as a result of frost heaving;
• ensure a long service life of the building.

Strengthening the base protects it from cracks caused by deformation.

Knitting or welding - the methods used for connecting rods

To increase the strength of building foundations, various techniques are used. When constructing household buildings, country houses and light buildings, private developers add pieces of metal, glass fragments and various construction waste to the concrete solution. For light ancillary buildings this is acceptable. However, a durable residential building requires reliable reinforcement of the foundation using reinforcing bars or steel mesh. They are cut into pieces of the required size and placed in trenches.

There is no consensus on whether it is possible to weld foundation reinforcing bars together

To ensure increased strength of the base, the rods are combined into a power circuit using various methods:

• by tying together reinforcing bars or lattice pieces using tying wire. To increase flexibility, it is fired and allows you to quickly fix the frame elements using a crochet hook;
• using electric welding. In the manufacture of frames at industrial enterprises, resistance spot welding can be used. In domestic conditions, reinforcing bars are welded using the usual method.

Each method of fixing rods has certain advantages and weaknesses. Let's analyze each mounting option in detail.

How to knit a reinforcement cage - methods of fixing the rods

Tying steel bars into a metal frame is carried out using various methods. It is possible to order a ready-made frame assembled using knitting wire at a specialized enterprise. However, this entails additional costs associated with its delivery to the site. For small volumes of construction this is quite expensive and impractical. It’s easy to learn the knitting technique on your own and do all the work yourself.

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation is used somewhat more often than the welding method

Observe the following sequence of operations:

1. Develop a drawing or sketch of the future reinforcement grid.
2. Calculate the total number of areas to be fixed.
3. Cut pieces of wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm, 30 cm each.
4. Bend a piece of wire in half to form a loop and bring it to the joint of the bars.
5. Grab the ends of the wire with a crochet hook and pull through the loop.
6. Check the tightness of the wire covering the connection area.
7. Rotate the working device, ensuring that the parts are tightly tightened.

Using a crochet hook to secure parts is an inexpensive way to fasten elements. It does not require the use of special tools and allows the work to be completed with the help of auxiliary workers.

To reduce the duration of work and make knitting easier, you can use:

• a special gun that automatically feeds the wire. Working with it requires certain qualifications;
• household electric tool with a rotating chuck. An electric drill or screwdriver equipped with an attachment is quite suitable. Knitting a frame is inherently the simplest way to connect

The main advantages of automated devices:

• significant increase in productivity;
• facilitating fixation in hard-to-reach areas;
• significant reduction in labor intensity.

Having mastered the technology of hand knitting, you can do the work of fixing the elements of the reinforcement frame on your own.

How to tie a frame for placement in the foundation

When planning to manufacture a reinforcing grid using the tying method, purchase the required materials and prepare the tools in a timely manner.

Knitting technology is easy to master on your own, following the recommendations given:

• Place the horizontal elements of the lower tier at a fixed distance from the soil level. You can ensure the required gap of 40–60 mm using plastic supports, wooden pads or waste bricks. The frame rods should not touch the ground.
• Ensure that vertical bars are installed at equal intervals between them. Maintaining a constant step will allow you to evenly distribute the load. It is important to protect the elements from contact with the soil using special supports made of non-metallic material.
• Fix the spatial frame reinforcement with binding wire. When performing work, check the reliability of fastening in the connection areas. The elements should not move when concrete mortar is poured into the formwork. If you have at least a little experience in the field of construction, knitting reinforcement is quite simple
• Maintain equal spacing between the reinforcement located in the horizontal tier, as well as between the vertical elements. It is important to additionally secure the corner reinforcement, which is prone to displacement during the concrete pouring process. The corner parts should not protrude beyond the contour of the base.
• Check the strength of the assembled frame under load. Place a wooden board on the top belt of the metal structure and stand on it. When moving along the board, the frame elements must remain motionless.

Additional fixation of the frame placed in the formwork using wooden blocks will ensure its immobility when filling the formwork with concrete mortar. When purchasing materials for the manufacture of power grids, comply with the documentation requirements for the use of fittings of the required brands and assortment.

Welding reinforcement for the foundation - work technology

Currently, along with bonding, welding of foundation reinforcement is also used. This method of connecting frame elements is used in the construction of multi-story buildings, the foundations of which absorb significant forces.

This necessitates the need to ensure increased strength of the joints. Welded fittings made from A400C corrugated wire are welded well, just like A500C rod.

Spot welding of reinforcement ensures reliable fixation of rods with a diameter of up to 25 m.

Welding reinforcement can significantly simplify the process of laying the foundation as a whole.

Overheating of rods during welding work can cause the following negative phenomena:

• change in metal structure;
• reduction in strength properties.

When work is performed by experienced welders and assembly is carried out under laboratory control in industrial enterprises, these factors can be avoided.

The algorithm for manufacturing reinforcing bars by welding in industrial enterprises is carried out as follows:

1. Incoming quality control of purchased materials that will be used to assemble the frame is carried out.
2. Rods whose characteristics do not meet the requirements of regulatory documentation are rejected.
3. Reinforcing bars are cleaned of rust, straightened, treated with abrasive and cut into blanks of the required sizes.
4. The elements of the future frame are connected in one plane by light tack welding until final fixation.
5. The frame blanks are fixed with welding jigs at a distance corresponding to the requirements of the drawing.
6. The structure is tacked by welding and the dimensions of the space frame are checked for compliance with the documentation requirements.

   It is equally important to choose the correct current value with which you will weld the frame.

The design features of welding jigs make it possible to assemble rods with a tolerance not exceeding 3 mm. The sequence of operations for manufacturing a frame by welding on a construction site is similar. Spot welding of reinforcement allows you to fix steel rods of a spatial structure located at different angles, as well as in a suspended state. The installation is equipped with conductive clamps, which expand its capabilities.

Boil or knit: which method to choose?

Careful consideration must be given before making a final decision about whether to use ties to fasten steel bars or fasten them by welding. Why do some builders weld reinforcement while others knit it? Each method has its own advantages and weaknesses.

To avoid mistakes, you should listen to the advice of professionals:

• For massive multi-story buildings that place a significant load on the foundation, it is advisable to use welding. At the same time, it is important not to burn out the reinforcement, so as not to weaken the strength of the connection;
• for small residential buildings and country houses, you can use the connection of parts of the reinforcing lattice using knitting wire. This method of fixation ensures the strength of such buildings.

When using welding, it is important to eliminate the possibility of burnout, which weakens the strength of the joints. It is undesirable to use the welding connection method in seismically active zones, as well as on problematic soils, where the integrity of the foundation may be compromised as a result of soil displacement.

However, welding has a number of advantages:

• allows you to perform work at an accelerated pace;
• provides increased rigidity of the space frame;
• increases the load capacity of the base.

When constructing private buildings, it is better to use the knitting method. Advantages of this method:

• ease of implementation and no need for special equipment;
• the ability to perform work without the involvement of qualified specialists;
• absence of increased stresses in the joining areas.

The disadvantage of the knitting method is the insufficient rigidity of the reinforcement grid. However, when constructing light buildings, this drawback is not significant.

Conclusion

Making the right decision is a serious task. The problem of choice remains. Knitting is a simple method that does not require significant costs. And welding, although more expensive, provides increased strength. You should think it over carefully and, if necessary, consult with professionals. It is important to ensure the strength of the foundation, which determines the longevity of the building.

Source: https://samstroy.com/%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0 %B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1% 8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4/

How to knit reinforcement for a monolithic slab - DIY foundation

The construction of private houses of various designs, using standard building materials (brick, concrete floor slabs), requires the construction of a solid monolithic foundation.

It will have to hold the entire structure without moving on the ground.

In order to do this, you can turn to professionals and pay a hefty sum, or you can make such a foundation yourself, and this publication will help with this.

Types of monolithic foundation

According to the general rules of construction, houses that will be made of traditional materials and also have several floors must have a solid foundation that will withstand all existing loads and will not move on the ground, despite all its features. In this case, the characteristics of the soil, the depth of freezing, the presence of floats and the general composition of the soil are taken into account.

Based on this, there are two types of monolithic foundation:

• tiled, created from special concrete slabs, which are also used as flooring;
• monolithic, created from concrete and metal reinforcement of the required diameter.

Both types of foundations have a similar feature, which is that they have slabs at their base, which are made of reinforced mesh (interconnected metal reinforcement of the required diameter) and concrete. This gives the foundation strength, since concrete protects the metal from corrosion and melting, and it, in turn, gives the concrete rigidity and does not allow it to crack under the influence of various loads.

Foundation slabs and floors can have the following varieties:

• corrugated surface on both sides or on one side;
• smooth surface.

This feature affects the scope of their application. The corrugated surface has good adhesion, so such slabs are ideal for foundations, as they adhere well to the ground. Smooth slabs are most suitable for various floors inside the house, and are not recommended for use in the ground.

It's no secret that the use of ready-made reinforced concrete slabs increases the cost of construction several times, since you need to pay for the finished product. And if you do it yourself, you can save some money. Therefore, we will talk about making a foundation with your own hands.

What materials will be needed to create a monolithic foundation?

Tying the reinforcement of a monolithic slab

If you create a monolithic foundation with your own hands, it will consist of two main components: iron and concrete. If everything is clear with metal, the following materials will be used:

• fittings, preferably with a diameter of 10 millimeters;
• metal rod with a diameter of 6 - 10 millimeters;
• knitting steel wire with a diameter of 1.2 millimeters.

It is immediately necessary to make a reservation that the wire will be used to tie the reinforcement and rods together to create a frame. It is better not to use welding, since in the places where it is used, the metal loses its properties and quickly collapses under the influence of water, which will remain in the concrete solution for some time. When asked which wire is best to choose, you can definitely say - only steel.

Now you can move on to the next element, concrete. It will be made from the following materials:

• sand (river or quarry);
• cement, preferably grade M 300 or 400;
• crushed stone of the middle fraction to give the foundation a relief surface.

Having figured out what is needed to create a good monolithic foundation, you can move on to other work.

Preparing to create a monolithic foundation

Creating a metal frame from reinforcement

This process can be divided into two stages.

1. This is digging a pit. This needs to be given close attention. First of all, you need to correctly calculate its perimeter. In order for everything to be done according to the standard, you need to have an idea of ​​the size of the entire house and the total weight of the structure. The dimensions can be found from the finished drawing, and the weight can be calculated using a construction reference book. Its depth will depend on the general data. The characteristics of the soil should also be taken into account. Freezing depth, presence of heaving and hard soil layers.
2. This is the creation of a metal frame from reinforcement of the required diameter, directly in the pit, or next to it. This will be discussed below.

How to correctly calculate the amount of reinforcement, wire and steel rods

Before you begin to correctly calculate the amount of reinforcement, its diameter, and other related materials, you need to have an idea of ​​the mesh and the correct frame.

The metal frame (mesh) that goes under the monolithic base has certain requirements, which are as follows:

• it must be double-sided, that is, consist of a lower and an upper layer, which should be located at a distance of no more than 2-5 centimeters from the edges of the sides of the concrete base;
• its edges should also be at a distance of 5 centimeters from the concrete monolithic slab.

Now you can proceed to calculating the required amount of reinforcement that needs to be tied.

As a basis, you can take the dimensions of the house as 8 x 8 meters. The reinforcing mesh should have a pitch of 200 millimeters. In this case, the correct calculation will occur according to the following formula:

• first you need to determine how much reinforcement will be needed for laying - 8 meters (perimeter side)/0.2 meters + 1 reinforcing rod = 41 pieces, and to obtain a mesh, such rods must be laid perpendicular to each other;
• the next calculation is the total quantity, that is, 41 pieces x 2 and you get 82 pieces of metal fittings.

This calculation allows you to calculate the amount of reinforcing material on one side, and, as you know, there are two of them, so 82 will need to be multiplied by the number 2 and you get 164 pieces of reinforcing pins. Now you can calculate the total number of reinforcing pins required.

It may be recalled that its diameter is 10 millimeters and the standard length is 6 meters. Thus, if 164 is multiplied by 6, it turns out that for a house with a perimeter of 8 x 8 meters you will need 984 linear meters of reinforcement with a diameter of 10 millimeters.

Here you can immediately estimate the total cost.

It is important to know that for a monolithic floor there will also be similar miscalculations.

Now you can proceed to calculating the number of rods. As mentioned above, having a diameter of 6-10 millimeters. We can immediately remind you that they are also suitable for monolithic ceilings inside a building.

The connection points between the two sides, where the rods and reinforcement will be connected, will be in the amount of 1681 pieces (41x41), it follows that a metal rod with a diameter of 10 millimeters will need 0.1 millimeter x 1681 = 168.1 meters. The total quantity of this element is: 984+168.1=1152.1 meters. That is, you can calculate the cost of the rod that will be needed for the layout.

It should be noted right away that the calculation includes a rod with a diameter of 10 millimeters.

Well, now you can take up the wire that will be used for knitting. Its calculation will be based on the following considerations. There will be 3362 knitting points on both sides of the mesh. This calculation is taken from the fact that there are 1681 knitting points on one side, and 3362 on both sides (1681+1681). As stated above, the wire for knitting should be steel.

To make the binding strong, it is better to bend the wire in half and then tie it.

This method can also be used for the manufacture of monolithic floors. They are no different from the foundation, but in the production of floor slabs, it is better to use small fractions of crushed stone, or even cement-sand mortar, so that the surface is smooth.

In order to create a monolithic reinforced concrete foundation for a house, you must first calculate its area and height, and then start determining the amount of material that will be used to make it. It's simple.

I purchased reinforcement D-14 millimeters for a slab foundation 8400*9450 (solid without ribs), I want to make a grid with a cell of 200 by 200 millimeters. How to correctly calculate the amount of reinforcement consumption and with what step to knit the reinforcement for a monolithic slab and how to lay out the reinforcement rods, including at the corners? And what is better to boil or knit with weave?

Source: https://postroifundament.ru/kak-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-monolitnoy-plityi.html