How to solder zinc correctly

Soldering galvanized steel at home

• 1 Soldering galvanized steel at home
• 2 Soldering sheet metal at home - Machine tools, welding, metalworking
• 3 Soldering tin at home - Metals, equipment, instructions
• 4 Soldering steel, copper, aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized
• 5 How to solder galvanized steel at home? — Handyman's Handbook

Soldering galvanized iron requires a specific approach to the process.

Flux is required for this. This substance is both a solvent and an oxidizing agent. Additionally, this substance allows the metal to be wetted with iron, so you can get a high-quality seam. Most often, rosin or hydrochloric acid is used as a flux for working with galvanized parts or products at home. In some cases, it is possible to use boric acid or zinc chloride.

        

When is galvanized metal suitable for soldering?

To correctly solve the question of how to solder galvanized steel, it is necessary to consider some of the properties of zinc. This metal begins to melt at a temperature of +460 oC. And at a temperature of +960 oC it begins to evaporate.

Above these temperature values, pores, cracks and solder joint defects begin to form in the material. Therefore, the procedure can be carried out only with lower rates. An alternative is to use filler wire.

In industrial conditions, the procedure in this case is carried out in a protective gas environment. Wire containing copper with silicon, bronze and aluminum is more often used.

These materials provide the following advantages:

• the welding seam is protected from corrosion;
• Spattering during soldering is minimal;
• the coating fades slightly;
• the procedure requires low heat levels;
• processing the formed seam is simple;
• Natural cathodic protection is formed in the weld area.

Solder for household work, its composition and properties

Solders are usually classified into hard and soft. For soldering galvanized steel at home, only the second group is used. If you use hard solders, it is not only impossible to achieve a high-quality weld, but there is also a risk of warping of the galvanized iron products themselves.

Filler materials must have a low melting point, the point should be lower than that of the base material. Most often, POS-30 solder is used at home; it is a tin-based substance. It is better to use zinc chloride as a flux. If the surfaces have been tinned in advance, then rosin can be used.

POS 30 is characterized by the following properties:

• optimal fluidity, materials penetrate into all spaces, filling even small voids;
• relatively low melting point;
• POS 30 are produced in various standard sizes, which allows you to select the optimal modification for specific work;
• a high degree of wettability facilitates the process and guarantees higher quality results;
• materials can be used for tinning workpieces;
• POS 30 has good conductivity and low resistance, which allows it to be used for soldering small parts;
• After hardening, the materials rigidly fix the parts together.

The connections are smooth and tight. The seams are balls on top of the base material.

If the elements to be soldered are large, then before soldering they need to be tinned - cover the surfaces with a thin layer of solder. The same action is necessary when soldering cylindrical products that fit into each other. If these are pipes, then solder is applied to an element with a larger diameter from the inside, and for a part with a smaller diameter - from the outside.

POS 30 consists of 30% tin and 70% lead. The material has the following technical parameters:

• the material begins to melt at +180 °C;
• complete melting of POS 30 occurs at a temperature of +256 °C;
• density – 10.1 kg/m3;
• alloy elongation in relative terms – 58%;
• crystallization interval – 73 oC;
• tensile strength – 32 mPa.

Equipment for work at home

Before wondering how to solder galvanized iron at home, you need to prepare the necessary equipment. The main tool is a regular soldering iron with an awl-shaped tip. But other devices will also be useful. A soldering iron requires a special holder or stand that will hold the tool in a heated state.

To accurately connect small parts, you will need tripods with optical lenses. To remove smoke from the room - smoke absorbers. Tin pumps will be needed to remove excess tin. There are various switches, thermal pastes, control modules and adapters.

This equipment will not only allow you to perform the soldering process, but will also provide the highest quality results.

Source: https://rem-serv.com/payka-otsinkovki-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

How to solder galvanized steel correctly

Both in production and at home, people are faced with the need to solder parts made of tin, which has its own characteristics and preparation. In essence, tin is cold-rolled sheet steel, which is subsequently subjected to heat treatment and galvanic coating in the form of tin, zinc, chromium and other materials.

White and tinned tin finds its application in the production of cans for cold drinks or metal containers of any size. In this way, lightening of the packaging body is achieved. Therefore, correct soldering of this metal is important.

The classic version of soldering sheet metal requires solder containing tin and other chemical elements, flux, and a soldering iron with an awl.

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WATCH THE VIDEO ON THE TOPIC: Galvanized soldering for beginners. (steel soldering GOST 14918-80)

Soldering non-ferrous metal at home - (brass, zinc, copper)

Soldering is a process that creates a connection between metal parts due to a chemical reaction that occurs between the metal and molten solder. In this case, there is no mechanical damage to the crystalline structure of the material of the connected parts.

It will not be possible to solder aluminum or rusty metal, chrome-plated objects, since an oxide film will form on the surface of the elements, which will interfere with the joining process.

You can solder prepared surfaces from:. The process of any soldering is carried out in three stages: cleaning the surfaces to be joined from oxide films, heating the solder to the melting temperature, and applying solder.

So how do you solder tin to steel? To perform steel soldering, you must perform the following steps:. The choice of heater type depends on the size and thickness of the steel elements being sealed.

If you need to solder steel wire or thin sheets, you can use a soldering iron with a chromium-nickel or ceramic heater, selecting the appropriate power, or a soldering iron without a heater, which can be heated with a torch or on a regular gas stove.

If you need to solder thick sheets of steel, you will have to use a gas or gasoline burner for heating.

During operation of the soldering iron, oxidation will form on the tip, which will reduce the temperature of the soldering iron. For cleaning, you can use either simple sandpaper or a special cleaner, for example, ST. Coating the soldering iron tip with solder will provide a wider range of heat transfer and increase soldering efficiency. Solder is an alloy of tin and lead in a certain ratio.

The ratio of alloy proportions determines the melting point and viscosity of the resulting alloy. Solder is selected according to the required characteristics of the connection and the types of materials being joined.

When soldering steel, flux-free solders should be used, and the flux should be applied separately. Soldering tin How to solder tin to steel? How is tin used in the household? How to extract tin using artisanal methods? Article rating:.

Soldering iron with tin solder

1 How to tin metal correctly 1. Most often, for soldering printed circuit boards in radio engineering products and household appliances, they prefer to use ordinary pine resin rosin, but it can be replaced with other components. When molten, it promotes the spreading of tin solder along the copper traces of the board.

This allows you to reliably solder the legs of radio components and the ends of connecting wires. Rosin allows you to effectively solder copper, tin and silver products. In order to solder galvanized and stainless iron, radiators, buckets, pans, various alloys, brass and other metals, you can use acid solutions.

It is important to choose the right acid solution.

When assembling products made from carbon steels coated with zinc using the hot-dip method (zinc coating), often.

Soldering galvanized steel at home

Source: https://all-audio.pro/c3/prochee/kak-pravilno-payat-otsinkovku.php

How to properly solder wires with a soldering iron

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When performing electrical installation work, there is always a need to connect cable lines to each other. Most often, this procedure is performed in mounting boxes using various methods, including soldering. In the latter case, novice electricians often have the question of how to solder wires with a soldering iron in order to ensure a high-quality and reliable connection.

Since most home electrical networks use copper cable, it is necessary to consider soldering wires made from this metal.

Connecting wires by soldering

Connecting wires using a soldering iron, solder, acid and fluxes is always carried out according to the same scheme, consisting of a standard set of operations. Many consumables have universal properties and can be interchanged if necessary. If the connections are designed for significant loads, it is necessary to strictly comply with technological requirements and use only certain materials.

Direct soldering of conductors involves heating copper conductors to a high temperature and then connecting them to each other. They are enveloped by a layer of solder, and after cooling the entire structure becomes monolithic and non-separable.

Many electricians consider soldering wires a fairly simple operation, but in practice they often have to deal with the specific features of this procedure.

In each specific case, you need to choose the right solder, ensure the fixation and immobility of the wires for the entire period of their connection.

When soldering copper wires together, special attention is paid to the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of the joint. These parameters are directly related, since strong soldering itself provides the maximum level of conductivity. Much depends on the thickness of the applied solder layer, since it has a fairly high resistivity.

The required strength of the conductor connection is achieved due to the cleanliness of the connected surfaces. Solder coats the copper cable at the atomic level, so not only ordinary contamination, but also a thin oxide film can become an obstacle.

Another condition for strength is the temperature of the solder, which is kept at a lower level than that of the parts being joined. A material with a high melting point can significantly reduce the strength of the joint, and its crystal lattice does not form correctly.

It is recommended to use exactly the same solder that matches the cores of the copper wires.

Preparation of tools and materials

Before soldering copper wires, you need to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. It is recommended to make a list in advance and strictly follow it, otherwise you will not be able to connect the wires.

First of all, for work you will need:

• A soldering iron is the main tool without which it is impossible to solder metal parts. Soldering irons have different powers, which determine the heating speed. The recommended power of the tool is over 60 watts, it is connected to a network with a voltage of 220 volts, which allows it to withstand a lot of soldering. Its heating is capable of melting flux and solder without bringing them to a boil.
• Surf. It is essentially a tin-based alloy. It is used to join metals that have a high melting point. Most often it comes in the form of a long wire, sometimes sold in small pieces.
• Rosin. Used as a flux for tinning surfaces to be joined. Due to this, the reliability of adhesion of copper conductors to solder and to each other increases.

It’s worth taking a closer look at the soldering iron. Before starting work, it must be cleaned of contaminants, the remnants of old solder must be removed and the tip must be cleaned. This procedure is performed with a file, which must be smoothly moved along the working surface. Preparation of the workplace taking into account safety requirements is of great importance. There must be an outlet nearby.

Working with a soldering iron is greatly simplified if you have additional accessories:

• A thin metal stand that serves as a work area. Here not only the cable is connected, but the entire instrument is unfolded.
• Thin copper strands are assembled into a braid, which removes excess solder.
• A special device on which clamps and a magnifying glass are installed. This makes it easier to work with a small soldering iron and small parts.
• It is recommended to move and hold heated metal parts with pliers, clamps or tweezers.

Selection of solders, rosin and fluxes

On the building materials market, solders and fluxes are presented in a wide range. Most of them are considered universal, suitable for solving almost any soldering problem.

The main function of fluxes is to prepare for soldering - pre-etching metal surfaces and removing the oxide film from them. In most cases, the presence of such films can cause metal corrosion. For different types of metals and alloys of the elements being joined, their own types of fluxes are provided. The chemical composition of these materials includes alkaline mixtures, acids and metal salts that actively participate in reactions when high temperatures are reached.

Conventionally, all fluxes are divided into two parts:

1. The first group refers to active elements made on the basis of inorganic acids - perchloric or hydrochloric. They are suitable for connecting any wires and other metal parts. However, such substances have an extremely negative effect on copper, causing corrosion of the connections. In this regard, immediate removal of such fluxes is required immediately after soldering is completed. These elements have increased conductivity and often cause short circuits.
2. The second group includes fluxes made from rosin. In simple cases, rosin itself can be used in its pure form. Additional components are alcohol and glycerin, which completely evaporate during the soldering process. Liquid fluxes are not as effective, but they are absolutely indispensable when working with non-ferrous metals, although they require the same quick rinsing.

It is much easier to choose the right solder. To work with copper wires, alloys based on tin and lead of the POS brand are used. The number after the marking indicates the amount of tin contained in the solder.

Experts recommend using products with a high tin content. Due to this, the electrical conductivity in the new connection increases, and the node itself acquires additional strength. The function of lead is to normalize the solidification of solder.

Without this additive, cracks will form on the tin and the connection will collapse very quickly.

There are other types of solders made using modern technologies. Here lead was replaced by zinc or indium, which are non-toxic elements. Therefore, the alloys are environmentally friendly, and the joints are more durable and resistant to corrosion.

How to tin the veins correctly

Before soldering the wires, you should tin the soldering iron tip. It must first be cleaned of dirt, grease, and oxidative film. The surface is cleaned to a shine, after which the tip is lowered into rosin and then into solder. It is then applied to a board or other clean surface to avoid solder sticking. The procedure continues until the sting changes color.

Before tinning, the wires are cleared of insulation, after which the wires are treated with flux. Conductors with several cores are pre-twisted into bundles. A thin, uniform layer of heated solder is applied to the treated surface. For this purpose, the core must be rotated slowly throughout the tinning process. It is quite possible to process a well-prepared clean wire in one go. After this, direct soldering of the copper conductors begins.

Soldering wires with an electric soldering iron

Soldering wires with a soldering iron is not particularly difficult. It is enough to perform similar actions several times, after which certain practical skills will appear. If you work with a soldering iron regularly, then soldering will become not only fast, but also of high quality.

According to experts, preparatory work takes much longer than direct connection. In this case, the wires are simply overlapped or twisted together. Next, they are heated with a soldering iron. When the temperature of the solder reaches its maximum, it begins to melt and spread over the surfaces of the conductors.

After cooling, a strong monolithic connection with good electrical conductivity is formed. During operation, the wires must be motionless, otherwise the quality of the seam may noticeably deteriorate. Solder cooling can be accelerated using a fan.

Soldering wires with fluxes with a soldering iron must comply with the following rules:

• The melting point of rosin is lower than that of solder. Due to this, the strength of the connection significantly increases.
• Avoid contact between flux and molten tin. Each of these materials forms its own coating, which increases the reliability and quality of the connection.
• Rosin should be evenly distributed over the surface, capturing all the parts to be joined due to its increased fluidity.
• Under the action of fluxes, films formed by foreign materials on surfaces are easily dissolved and removed.
• Fluxes and the materials being joined must not react with each other to avoid corrosion of the joints. The parameters and technical characteristics of the elements will remain unchanged.

How to properly connect copper and aluminum wires

Quite often there is a need to connect wires consisting of dissimilar materials - copper and aluminum. It should be immediately noted that they cannot be connected directly, since copper is a reactive metal.

Both materials have different conductivity and thermal conductivity. Under the influence of current, the heating and expansion of aluminum is noticeably higher than that of copper. With constant expansion and contraction, contact is gradually broken, and a film that does not conduct current is formed between them. This section stops working and falls out of the general scheme.

In such cases, it is recommended to use bolted connections with one bolt, one nut and three washers. In this case, direct contact between dissimilar conductors is eliminated and the connection will work normally.

Source: https://electric-220.ru/news/kak_pajat_provoda_pajalnikom/2019-01-07-1627

Soldering acid, how to solder correctly with a soldering iron

All existing metals, as well as their alloys, can be combined with each other using two different technological processes. We are talking about welding and soldering. Welding of metals means short-term heating of two metal surfaces at the point of contact to extremely high temperatures.

At these temperatures, the surfaces to be joined undergo complete melting. As a result, a connection of two metals occurs at the level of interatomic bonds of the crystal lattice.

The consequence of this process is a monolithic welding seam, whose strength sometimes even exceeds the strength of the metal products being welded themselves.

What is soldering

Soldering is a completely different process. It does not affect the internal structure of the metal in any way. It occurs exclusively on the surface of the materials being soldered. No monolithic connections are formed at the atomic level during soldering.

To perform soldering, the presence of a third, lower-melting metal, which is called solder, is necessary. With the help of solder, the soldering process occurs directly. Pure tin or its various alloys are most often used as solder.

The task of any soldering is to melt the solder and ensure its good spreading over the surface of the metals being soldered.

As the solder hardens, it changes from its molten liquid state to a solid state and provides a reliable connection between two metal products.

In practice, everything turns out to be a little different. The fact is that all metals, without exception, have a fairly hard and chemically inert oxide film on their surface. The strength of this film varies among different metals. The most durable oxide film is formed on the surface of aluminum. This film, as well as all kinds of mechanical impurities that are always present on the surface of any metal, lead to the fact that the solder does not want to spread over the metal.

That is, in professional terms, tinning of the metal does not occur. Instead, the solder becomes a moving ball that rolls around the metal surface without connecting to it in any way. This suggests that the surface tension of the molten solder is much higher than the adhesion (sticking) of this solder to the metal surface. To enhance the adhesion of solder and ensure reliable soldering of two metals, so-called fluxes are used.

Acid fluxes

Why are fluxes used? The task of any flux is to:

• Dissolve the surface oxide film on the metal.
• Clean the surface from mechanical contamination.
• Prevent oxidation and the formation of a new oxide film.
• Reduce the surface tension of the molten solder, thereby facilitating its free flow over the metal.

Rosin

Among radio technicians, the most common flux is rosin. It is essentially pine tree resin from which the turpentine has been removed through an evaporation process.

It is widely used due to its low cost, ease of storage and chemical inertness. Rosin is used as a flux for soldering products made of copper, brass, silver, and nickel.

That is, those metals on the surface of which the oxide film is not very strong and is quite easily destroyed by the weak influence of molten rosin.

But when it comes to metals such as aluminum, cast iron, all kinds of steel alloys or iron, rosin stops working and its use in these cases turns out to be extremely ineffective. The rosin needs to be replaced and the flux made more aggressive to make the soldering process easier.

Soldering acid

chemically active acid fluxes were invented . There are several types of acid fluxes due to the fact that different metals form oxide compounds of different strengths on their surface.

The so-called soldering acid can be easily purchased at a specialized store and is inexpensive. But there is a small problem.

Most often, manufacturers do not indicate the exact composition of the chemical they sell under the name “soldering acid.” But, as you know, soldering different metals requires acid fluxes of different compositions.

Therefore, sometimes it will be much more rational to make one or another flux for a specific metal at home than to buy a pig in a poke.

Zinc chloride flux

For soldering, so-called pickling acid is used. This is one of the most common acid fluxes. This is the same soldering acid that is most often sold in specialized stores. This flux is mainly used for soldering iron. For example, pure hydrochloric acid can be used to solder roofing iron. Usually this is a solution of zinc in hydrochloric acid, in other words, zinc chloride.

All the necessary reagents for this reaction can be freely purchased at a chemical store, namely: granulated zinc and chemically pure hydrochloric acid. This is the composition of soldering acid.

The proportions are as follows:

• Concentrated HCl: 1000 ml.
• Pure zinc: 400 gr.

For mixing, you must have an appropriate glass, porcelain or ceramic container.

• The zinc is first placed in the container, and only then hydrochloric acid is slowly added to the zinc in a thin stream.
• In no case should you do the opposite and add zinc to hydrochloric acid. This can lead to very sad consequences, namely the splashing of acid in all directions.
• During the chemical reaction, hydrogen will be released. This gas, when combined with oxygen in the air, forms an extremely dangerous gas mixture called detonating gas. This gas explodes at any opportunity. Therefore, before you start dissolving zinc in hydrochloric acid, think about good ventilation. It would be ideal to carry out the reaction outside, in the fresh air.

Olein flux

The basis of this flux is oleic acid, which is found in olive oil or any fat. To prepare the flux, technical olein is used, which is mixed with lithium iodide.

It is used for soldering both pure aluminum and aluminum-based alloys. This is the only flux that can dissolve the extremely durable aluminum oxide film, while the protective flux layer remains until the end of the soldering process.

It is impossible to make oleic flux at home. Yes, this is not necessary. It is freely sold and inexpensive.

Orthophosphoric acid

The chemical formula is H3PO4. For soldering alloys based on chromium or nickel, flux is prepared in the following proportion:

• Ethyl alcohol: 62%;
• Phosphoric acid H3PO4: 32%;
• Rosin: 6%.

Sometimes the acid is mixed with zinc chloride in a 50/50 ratio to prepare a flux for soldering iron products.

The composition consisting of H3PO4 25% and diethylamine hydrochloride 75% is called active flux F-38N, which is used for soldering copper alloys, as well as medium-carbon and low-carbon steel. Solders pure copper well, as well as iron, steel and nickel-containing alloys.

Based on this acid, you can make any fluxes for soldering almost all types of metals, except aluminum, at home. The only problem is that acquiring pure acid is quite problematic.

Salicylic acid

Or the well-known aspirin. Purchased in tablet form at your nearest pharmacy. It costs a penny.

It belongs to the so-called inactive fluxes, that is, after soldering is completed, salicylic acid does not affect the contact point in any way and therefore no additional treatment is required after soldering to remove flux residues. Moreover, after hardening, salicylic flux protects the soldering area from corrosion.

You can solder with pure acid , using it in the form of a powder or a whole aspirin tablet. But it is much more effective to use aspirin as part of a multicomponent flux, which is called VTS.

VTS flux is used for soldering copper conductors, as well as products made of silver and platinum. The flux contains technical petroleum jelly as a filler, ethyl alcohol and acetylsalicylic acid.

This flux can be used to solder almost any metal, with the exception of aluminum.

The only disadvantage of aspirin: during soldering, extremely caustic smoke is released, which can damage the respiratory tract with frequent contact. Therefore, good exhaust is a prerequisite for productive work with this flux.

How to solder correctly

How to use soldering acid? The key to successful soldering is not only the correctly selected flux, but also the correct preparation for soldering. To do this you need to know the following:

• Before soldering, metal surfaces must be cleaned of rust and other contaminants using a file and sandpaper.
• All liquid fluxes are best applied to the surface using a special brush. In this case, maximum application accuracy and uniformity of distribution are achieved.
• The acid flux should cover the surfaces to be soldered with an even, uniform layer, without gaps. Otherwise, uniform distribution of solder over the metal surface will not be achieved.
• The tip of a well-heated soldering iron picks up a small amount of solder and transfers it to the metal surface pre-treated with flux. The solder is distributed in an even layer over the entire surface of the metal. This is called "tinning". The second metal surface is tinned in the same way. After this, both tinned surfaces are soldered.
• After completing the soldering process, it is necessary to remove any remaining acid solder. Otherwise, the acid will begin to destroy the metal and a corrosion center will arise, which can lead to destruction of the soldering area.
• Acid is neutralized by alkali. For the latter, it is best to use baking soda. The soldering area is sprinkled with soda and then washed with water.

Source: https://ObInstrumentah.info/payalnaya-kislota-kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom/

Do-it-yourself soldering acid: composition and purpose, do-it-yourself production - Machine

Soldering acid is a flux that can be classified as a separate category, because it has an aggressive effect on materials that are needed during work. This flux mainly spreads in a liquid state, and this does not depend on its concentration. Sometimes you can purchase a concentrated substance and then dilute it, or perhaps buy a ready-made, diluted one. In addition, everyone can easily make soldering acid on their own.

The properties of materials must be selected according to those factors that are necessary for their use.

Soldering acid is intended for those metals that are heavily contaminated, because oxidation occurs on them, and a large amount of rust remains on the surface.

The material is very active, so it is necessary to work with it carefully and avoid contact with human skin and mucous membranes. You must first carefully familiarize yourself with the rules and methods of using acid, and only then begin to use it for its intended purpose.

In the process of producing soldering acid yourself, it is necessary to use special technology. In the end, the result should be a material that will have the properties prescribed by GOST. This is what will make the flux high-quality and reliable so that the connections are strong.

It is necessary to ensure that the properties and functions of the acid work even after soldering the metals, because the material removes films and rust from the surface, and also prevents their reappearance.

You should also take into account the spreadability of the materials being soldered over the surface and the adhesion to metals and products.

Characteristics, composition and properties

It is necessary to know exactly what the material should consist of, and only then begin its production. Soldering acid includes:

• wetting additive;
• ammonium chloride;
• deionized water;
• zinc chloride;
• hydrochloric acid.

Soldering acid, created independently, may consist of other components. You just need to do everything to ensure that the flux has all the necessary properties. It is necessary to ensure high activity of this material.

It must interact with the necessary materials in a minimum amount of time, and also destroy all substances that prevent normal soldering. However, it is worth considering that small parts may be damaged and deteriorated when exposed to acid.

Solder active fat has the same properties.

The acid has a rather unpleasant odor, so when a person inhales it, his health may suffer. That is why it is recommended to use a respirator when working with this material.

Well, the work area must be constantly ventilated.

It is necessary to protect your hands, skin and mucous membranes from acid; it is necessary that the workpiece gets only into the places necessary for soldering.

Materials and tools for making acid

You need to know that the soldering acid you make yourself will have a slightly different composition than the purchased one. However, it will be simpler. To prepare such acid, you need to use some equipment:

• Glass container or jar for mixing and preparing the material.
• Zinc granules or cups from used batteries containing this element.
• Tap clean water.
• Concentrated hydrochloric acid, which is capable of dissolving unnecessary impurities and substances.

Making acid yourself

First you need to take a container or jar for mixing the acid. This is where the zinc or batteries and their remains are placed.

Only after all of the above can hydrochloric acid be poured into the container. The main thing is to act with great caution, because if it comes into contact with the skin, you can get a serious burn.

The acid in the container should not be more than 3/4 of the volume of the entire composition.

As a result, it turns out that the proportions should be like this. For 1 liter of hydrochloric acid, 412 grams of zinc are needed, but this can only be measured using special tools. Therefore, it is worth knowing that there will be some deviations in one direction or another.

When further preparing soldering acid, you must wait for the reaction of the chemicals to finish. Zinc and acid come into contact with each other, the metal gradually dissolves. During this process, active hydrogen evolution occurs, so many bubbles can be seen in the liquid.

The liquid gradually becomes clearer and cleaner. When all processes are completed, it is necessary to pour the liquid into a tightly closed container. All these materials can be easily purchased in stores specializing in the sale of chemicals and reagents. When using batteries, you can see that almost any of them will do.

If you need to make a material with weaker properties, then you should slightly reduce the aggressiveness. In this case, it is recommended to add a little water to make the solution more liquid and with weaker properties.

However, you need to be careful, because the liquid can splash and get on the skin and mucous membranes of a person.

In this case, you should choose the proportions yourself, adhering to the specifics of the required soldering.

Making soldering acid yourself

First, you should take care of your own safety, because using acid is very dangerous and can cause irreparable harm to your health. If acid production is carried out in enterprises and industrial areas, then everything must be done in special-purpose cabinets.

The reagents are reliably protected from outsiders, and they are poured strictly under special hoods. At home, it is recommended to use protection, gloves, goggles, respirators and other devices. Dissolving the acid should only be done in a well-ventilated area or even outside.

Indeed, in the process of creating acid for soldering, hydrogen is constantly released into the air in large quantities. It is also necessary to take care, just in case, of water, with which you can quickly rinse the area of ​​skin on which the substance has come into contact.

It is best to use cold tap water because in the event of an accident, it will reduce pain and quickly clean the wound.

If this substance is spilled on the surface, it is best to wash it off with a special mixture of water and alkali.

You must also remember that this material must be stored correctly, the container must be closed and sealed, storage is carried out in a dark and cool place.

It is recommended to prevent unauthorized people from accessing the soldering acid to avoid danger to others. Flux is sometimes made from pure hydrochloric acid without zinc and water. However, it is mostly used only for iron products.

Source: https://regionvtormet.ru/beton/payalnaya-kislota-svoimi-rukami-sostav-i-prednaznachenie-izgotovlenie-svoimi-rukami.html

Soldering wires: welding machine, cold soldering and thin wires

Soldering wires is a mandatory set of measures, the task of which is to install electrical wiring in the room. High-quality connection of wires by soldering, connection of wires in the distribution panel, correct twisting - these are the factors on which the durability and performance of electrical wiring depends.

Advantages and disadvantages of soldering electrical wiring

The solder connection is considered one of the best in terms of reliability

To properly solder the wires, you need to familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of the method. Despite existing analogues, this method is considered the most widespread and in demand, especially in electronics.

Advantages:

• Reliability. An important parameter is the presence and magnitude of the contact resistance. The lower it is, the better. For soldering, this parameter is extremely small. In terms of reliability, soldering is inferior to welding only in one case - if the work had to be performed in extreme conditions, for example, in an environment with extremely high or low temperatures, or exposure to aggressive environments. If we are talking about apartment wiring or a country house, such factors are excluded.
• The connection does not require maintenance.
• Versatility of use. With the help of soldering, it is possible to connect single-core and stranded wires with different cross-sectional areas, in any combination. This versatility allows you to solve many non-standard and difficult tasks. In addition, the use of fluxes ensures a reliable connection of copper and aluminum conductors.
• Low connection cost. To carry out the work you will need a soldering iron, solder and flux. The cost is low and the consumption is economical.

Flaws:

• Low technology. To carry out the work, it is necessary to carry out many preparatory measures, hence the high labor intensity.
• The need for performer qualifications.

When soldering, changes in materials occur at the molecular level, so the pre-soldered parts undergo thorough preparation.

What you need to solder electrical wiring

Before soldering the wire, prepare the working tools and consumables. To complete the work you will need the following list of tools:

• An ordinary household soldering iron, the power of which ranges from 40-100 W. As an analogue, a welding machine is used, on which it is possible to control the temperature of the tip, which simplifies the soldering process.
• A small file for cleaning the soldering iron tip.
• Knife for removing the insulating layer.
• Twisting pliers.
• Rosin intended for tinning surfaces.
• Solder for soldering different materials; acid-free fluxes are used as an analogue.

Gas torch Solder Pine rosin for soldering

Soldering aluminum and copper wires differs somewhat in the types of solders used.

Copper	Aluminum
Tin and lead compounds are used. The markings are as follows:	Tin and zinc alloy – TsO-12 Alloy of copper, tin and zinc - A Tin and zinc alloy type P250A Aluminum and zinc alloy – TsA-15

How to solder wires correctly

An example of universal sharpening of a soldering iron tip and proper maintenance of its working area

The soldering process may vary slightly depending on the materials used. Different methods involve the use of different soldering compounds and fluxes. Most often, soldering of wires is carried out when connecting copper wires with a cross-sectional area of ​​up to 6 mm2.

When performing work, follow the following algorithm:

1. An insulating layer of approximately 5-6 cm in length is removed from the wires.
2. Heat up the working tool and cover the surface with a layer of rosin or flux. The first one does not work well on oxidized surfaces; when penetrating deeply into the twist, it is important to thoroughly pre-treat the materials.
3. When heating the wire using a heated tool with solder on the tip, it is important to achieve uniform distribution of solder over the entire surface being processed.
4. When soldering twists, specialists must fill all irregularities with solder.
5. Upon completion of the work, all twists are carefully insulated using special nozzles, electrical tape and heat-shrink tubing.

If you need to work with aluminum, it is important to take into account its high oxidation rate when in contact with oxygen. The resulting film does not allow for reliable adhesion of the metal to the solder.

Stripping wires from insulation

The oxide is removed mechanically, then the surface is serviced. The algorithm for connecting aluminum cores depends on the type of flux used and the cross-sectional area. A gas burner is usually used for heating.

The procedure for soldering cores with an area of ​​4-10 mm2:

1. At the ends of cores 5-6 cm long, the insulating layer is removed.
2. To obtain a metallic shine, the wires are cleaned with a file, sandpaper or a knife.

   Tinning of stranded wires

3. The cores are connected to each other overlapping using a double twist method, and a groove is made at the point of contact in the middle.
4. The joint is heated to a temperature that is close to the melting point of the solder joint.
5. Each side of the twist is processed in a similar way, all cavities are filled with tin.
6. At the end of the work, clean the connection area with gasoline.
7. The cleaned surface is covered with asphalt varnish and carefully insulated.

The work is not fast, but the high quality and durability of the connections is worth the time and effort.

How to solder copper and aluminum wires

Soldering wires by twisting method

The copper wire is thoroughly cleaned, then immersed in rosin. A specialist melts a few drops of solder and, for tinning, the wire is immersed in the molten mass. The procedure is performed with careful and uniform movements.

Solder for soldering should cover the surface of the wire as little as possible. Excess is removed with a hot soldering iron. As the work progresses, the red tint of the copper wire should change to silver.

If the work is to be done with multi-core soldering irons, each wire should be untwisted and only then tinned. Then everything returns to its original position.

Before soldering electrical wires, the aluminum wire must be cleaned, and then the previously prepared flux must be evenly distributed over its surface. Next, the aluminum wire is thoroughly rubbed with a small piece of tinol and heated with the flame of a gas burner. Such manipulations will allow you to effectively get rid of the oxide film.

To increase the quality of connection of single-wire wires, twisting of tinned wires of small sizes is used. All resulting cavities are filled with tinol.

The next stage is connecting copper and aluminum wires. To do this, restore the insulating layer. For dry rooms, only cotton tape can be used.

Recommendations, precautions

Professional soldering iron DANIU 110V/220V 60W with temperature control and a set of tools

You should familiarize yourself with the recommendations that will allow you to perform your tasks efficiently:

• When choosing a soldering iron, you need to pay attention to models equipped with additional cones, needles and a set of replaceable tips.
• Before you begin soldering, you need to pay special attention to cleaning the tip. If the tip is too dirty, remove all dirt using a soldering iron. You can use pieces of wood or cardboard as an aid.
• When changing the length of the soldering iron, the heating temperature of the tool also changes.
• It is not recommended to leave the soldering iron “dry” while heating the working element. The tip needs to be dipped into rosin regularly.

It is important to take precautions. You need to work in personal protective equipment: special clothing (overalls), goggles and gloves. Do not leave exposed areas of the body, otherwise severe burns may occur.

Source: https://StrojDvor.ru/elektrosnabzhenie/kak-pravilno-spayat-provoda-mezhdu-soboj-mednye-provoda-i-skrutka/