What is rosin

Why do you need rosin for soldering: production, properties and application

If an electrical appliance breaks down, any device needed at home or at work, the cause of the breakdown may be a non-functional microcircuit, or a broken chip on the motherboard, it may be necessary to connect diodes to the pad, and so on. All these and other similar problems can be easily eliminated at home with the help of special tools and materials, having certain skills.

A technician who understands the ingenious design of microcircuits, wires and other parts of its components will not have much difficulty quickly fixing the breakdown. Often problems can be solved by soldering the detached element. One of the materials needed for soldering is rosin .

What is rosin

Rosin (full name - colophon resin) is the resin of coniferous trees purified in a special way. Rosin is an amorphous, fragile substance consisting of glassy pieces whose appearance resembles the familiar natural amber.

Methods of obtaining

In industrial production, colophon resin is obtained in several ways..

1. From resin. Basically, to obtain rosin, the method of heat treatment of the sap of coniferous wood - resin is used. After substances such as water and turpentine are evaporated from it, translucent solid pieces of rosin are formed, which will then be subjected to further chemical purification.
2. Extraction method. In this method, colophon resin is extracted from specially crushed wood using solvents.
3. Tall oil distillation method. This crude oil is a waste product from the manufacture of pulp and paper products.

You can learn about the method and from what raw materials rosin was obtained from its name: pine (harpius), tallow, extraction, and so on.

Properties

In addition to the fact that colophon resin is an excellent natural dielectric, other features are known:

1. It dissolves well with organic solvents such as gasoline and chloroform, ether, alcohol and acetone. But rosin cannot be dissolved with ordinary water.
2. The melting point of this solid directly depends on what source and exactly how it was obtained. Basically, it fluctuates between temperatures from 50 to 70 degrees, in some cases the temperature limit can reach 130 degrees Celsius.
3. The constituent substance of rosin contains a huge amount of resin acids (up to 90%), the main of which is abietic acid.
4. The resin is easily destroyed by mechanical stress.

The color of the resin can vary from light yellow to dark brown. The rich shade of this natural substance indicates that the purification of the resin was not carried out in an entirely correct way and it contains a large number of impurities that worsen its qualities and affect its properties. The darker the color of the substance, the lower the electrical insulating properties of rosin. Properly processed material has a pleasant lemon tint and is an excellent natural insulator.

Where else can resin be used?

This resin is used not only as a flux for soldering . It is also used for many other purposes:

• in the production of various varnishes and paints;
• as one of the materials used in the manufacture of plastics;
• when processing strings and bows for musical instruments;
• for rubbing the soles of ballet shoes;
• to create a smoke screen effect and other effects in the film industry.

Soldering at home

Soldering is a special technique by which metal elements are firmly bonded to each other using molten solder. In everyday life, you can fasten parts together using an ordinary soldering iron.

Before you start soldering, you need to clean the surfaces of the parts that will adhere to each other using a file or sandpaper. Then they must be degreased using a solvent or cleaned using gasoline and lubricated with flux.

Flux is a substance with which oxide films, other contaminants and excess fat are removed from the surface of a metal. In addition, flux protects metals from possible oxidation. A special substance, rosin, is often used as such a flux.

Rosin flux is mainly used for soldering at home. When carrying out industrial soldering, resin is used in smaller quantities compared to fluxes made from other substances.

Due to the property of rosin to dissolve oxides of tin, as well as copper and lead when heated, this substance can be used in electrical work as a special natural flux - a component with antioxidant properties. Thanks to this characteristic feature, this substance is able to clean metal surfaces during soldering. With its help, spreading is also improved and the surface tension of the substance used as solder is practically leveled.

In order to ensure high technological efficiency of the process of using flux during soldering, several types of such components are produced, made on the basis of colophon resin (they can be solid, liquid and gel-like):

1. Solid flux. This type of component for soldering and tinning parts has been used for quite a long time and is the most popular. It has both its obvious advantages and disadvantages. The latter include the fact that when using solid flux it is difficult to maintain accuracy when applying it to hard-to-reach soldering areas.
2. Flux based on alcohol solution. This component is universal. It can be used when soldering both small and large parts. The main advantage of this method is the easy way to apply it with a brush.
3. Gel-based rosin flux. The viscous consistency of the gel allows you to quickly apply the substance to the surface. Using the gel, it is easier to treat the most inaccessible areas of the surface of parts that will be soldered. This ensures the most accurate dosing of the flux substance. The gel does not dry out too quickly compared to alcohol fluxes and is more pliable than solid rosin flux.

Having studied the properties and characteristics of Colophon resin and fluxes made on its basis, you can begin the soldering process. How does it happen?

The soldering process using rosin occurs in several ways.

First way.

1. Heat the soldering iron to the required temperature.
2. A small amount of low-melting substance used as solder is placed on the tip of the soldering iron. It could be tin, lead, copper, antimony, bismuth, zinc, cadmium.
3. Dip the soldering iron tip along with the selected solder into the rosin to collect the resinous substance. It should be taken into account that when the soldering iron is fully heated, a slight smoke should appear.
4. As quickly as possible - before the resin evaporates - the necessary parts are soldered.

The method described above requires speed, attention and high precision. To complete it, you need to have certain skills and abilities. Therefore, soldering can be done using rosin and another method .

1. The most common ethyl alcohol is used as the basis for the flux.
2. Rosin powder is added to the alcohol solution. The suspension is mixed well and left until the rosin is completely dissolved.
3. An alcohol solution of colophon resin is applied with a brush to the parts that will be connected by soldering.
4. The soldering iron is dipped into the solder and removed only when the soldering iron tip is completely covered with a shiny film.
5. Grab a little more molten solder and quickly transfer it to the places of future soldering.
6. Distribute the solder evenly over the entire surface - they deserve the place of future soldering.
7. In the same way, the required mass of solder is transferred, which is required for strong adhesion at the junction points.
8. After the joints have cooled, they are wiped with a damp soft cloth and allowed to dry.
9. The resulting joint is processed using a file. You can use fine-grained sandpaper instead.
10. Wipe the surface with a dry cloth.

Using these methods, parts are soldered using rosin.

Benefits of using rosin

The obvious advantages of using this substance for soldering include the following.

1. Rosin is a dielectric and has excellent insulating properties.
2. It can be easily purchased. Rosin is an affordable material sold in any store that has a hardware department.
3. Budget price compared to other materials used as a flux for soldering.
4. The ability to carry out soldering with its help even at low air temperatures.
5. It can be used both when working in a home workshop and on an industrial scale.
6. Rosin is not exposed to moisture since it does not dissolve in water.
7. Has a relatively long shelf life.
8. Degreases parts and removes oxide films from them.
9. Rosin can be used without additional protection.
10. This material is non-toxic and can be used without the use of additional protective equipment.

The disadvantages of using rosin include:

1. Quite low activity of the substance. Due to this property, the spike may not be able to be used immediately. The process of using rosin requires certain skills and experience. In the future, parts can be processed much faster with its help.
2. Flux based on this substance is capable of not releasing steam during soldering. Such hygroscopicity can cause corrosion of the metal being processed during soldering.
3. Rosin is used when processing small parts made of simple metals. To process large parts and stainless steel, fluxes from other materials are used.
4. Rosin is a rather fragile, easily crumbling material that can be destroyed under certain mechanical loads. This property of this substance must be taken into account when transporting. Rosin must be packaged especially carefully during transportation.

As a conclusion, it can be noted that soldering modern parts, especially microcircuit elements, various chips, and other components used in radio and electrical engineering is a rather complicated process that requires certain skills, especially speed of reaction, attentiveness and accuracy.

Various materials are used for soldering work, among which rosin has special properties. Due to these qualities, when used correctly, this substance does not react with the metals of the elements bonded during soldering and with solder materials.

Due to the presence of several varieties and thanks to the convenient forms in which it is produced, rosin remains one of the most popular fluxes used in soldering parts in electrical engineering.

Source: https://tokar.guru/hochu-vse-znat/chto-takoe-kanifol-i-dlya-chego-ona-nuzhna.html

Pine rosin

In addition to rosin itself, there are also derivatives of this substance. Let's consider how and where this material is used, as well as what types of it exist.

Types of rosin

1. Zhivichnaya.
2. Extraction.

The first type of rosin is obtained from coniferous trees. This is their sap. In the Russian Federation, such extraction is carried out mainly from pine. This substance remains after turpentine has been extracted from resin. It consists largely of terpenes.

As for the second type of rosin, it is extracted through the extraction of rosin, which is possible using organic solvents.

How resin is formed in pine is not yet clear. But when it is fresh, just appearing on the surface of a tree trunk, then it has a light color with a viscous structure. After some time during storage, the liquid thickens. Then resin acids can be extracted from it. If rosin is primary, it means it was obtained from fresh acid, but if it was obtained as a result of isomerization, then such rosin is called secondary.

Arbuzov has long reported that the primary rosins created from resins are dextropimaric, levopimaric and a-sapin. In the background is the isomerized acid, which is in the foreground.

There are two types of such acids.

• Abietic acid.
• Dehydroabietic acid.

The first variety of rosin is considered the best and most durable. It was this acid that was discovered when the temperature of this substance increased.

The material in question is quite stable. It can be used in an industrial environment. But more than one type of alcohol can dissolve it, including ethyl, benzene, and oil with ether.

Obtaining rosin

Drying oil is often used in construction. Oddly enough, it was made from rosin. Since oil, made on the basis of resin and salt, is used specifically for this type of building material. You can also produce ointment for wheels and other substances for various purposes.

Gum product

Let's look at how the gum product is obtained. It is necessary to heat resin, which is delivered from the place of its extraction, that is, directly from a coniferous forest, to eighty-five or even ninety-five degrees Celsius.

Then it goes into the sump, where the water drains, and up to ninety-eight percent of it comes out, along with various kinds of impurities. After this, table salt should be added to the sump. Then the water settles even better.

To make the resin lighter, calcium salt and phosphoric acid should be added.

When the resin has already settled, after some time, it should be submitted to the assurance column. There it and the turpentine are separated into their components, and the water comes out completely. This is how you get pure rosin.

Still hot, it is poured into a wooden container. Usually these are barrels. There it is given time to harden. And they use it as a solid, glassy mass.

It is also important to note that when rosin is stored for a long time, it tends to crystallize.

Application of rosin

The product in question is used in various types of human activities. For example, it is used to glue paper media. A number of industrial and household products can be manufactured.

We are talking about soap, creolin, finishing agent, grease, electrical insulating material, adhesive plasters, for various construction needs. It turns out that the paint and varnish industry uses this product on a large scale.

Since the resins that are obtained from it play a big role in human life.

Composition of rosin

How does rosin work? It has excellent activity when adding chemicals.

Esters from rosin

This is possible due to the fact that it contains rosin acid, which makes it possible for its widespread use. It is widely used to obtain a wide variety of derivatives.

We are talking about resinates, substances such as ether, condensate products, and so on. They are called prepared resins.

They can be characterized from a chemical point of view as a series of compounds formed during the interaction of resin acid and other substances that are included in the product in question.

Here's how to make one of the substances in rosin, which is used in the paint and varnish industry. To do this, it is necessary to melt the rosin to two hundred or even two hundred and ten degrees Celsius, which is placed in an esterifier. A reduced pressure is created there. Glycerin is gradually introduced into the mass. The main thing is to keep the proportion correctly.

That is, you need to use one hundred parts of rosin for every ten or twelve parts of glycerin. The temperature should be raised to two hundred and eighty degrees. Such a high temperature should last up to one and a half or even two hours. While the mass is infusing. After this, it is raised even higher, to three hundred and five degrees, to get rid of glycerin. This is how this type of rosin is obtained.

But it is important to remember that heating to three hundred and five degrees is labor-intensive, because it causes an increase in essential oils containing acid, since its disintegration is possible, at least incompletely.

Rosin readiness

How to determine if a product is ready for use?

Factors determining the readiness of rosin:

• color,
• transmission of sunlight on a drop of rosin resin, which is placed on glass,
• number of acid derivative.

In order to speed up the process of isolating the product in question, the rate of its precipitation should be increased. Catalysts are used for this. This is usually zinc metal in small doses, but oxidized calcium can also be used. The oil is distilled off in a vacuum. The resulting substance is rosin, which consists only of resin acid triglycerides.

For the production of enamels, oil varnishes, nitrovarnishes, harpius ether is used, which is used in the production of semi-finished products of the listed building material.

You can also get pentaerythritol ether isolated from rosin. In this case, exactly the substance that is similar to glycerin is obtained. This ether is released only at lower temperatures. About two hundred sixty or even two hundred seventy degrees Celsius is required.

Rosin-maleic product

Consider a product such as rosin-maleic, this adduct is represented by the condensation of rosin, as well as together with maleic anhydride. The temperature in order to melt the adduct must be about one hundred and forty degrees. In this case, the acid number in general reaches one hundred or one hundred and ten substances. This substance is used to form varnish based on alcohol, oil and nitrocellulose coatings.

The rosin-maleic adduct is prepared using esterified glyceride in two steps.

• First, you need to obtain malenic acid based on an incomplete alcohol solution.
• Secondly, a rosin-maleic adduct is obtained, as well as its oil esterification.

Abietic substance is a product that has undergone oxidation, which is obtained from sulfur based on Christmas tree. It is extracted with gasoline. Then everything that remains is treated with butanol. When distillation is done, which is done using an alcohol extract, a resin is obtained.

To do this, it is necessary to heat the substance to two hundred ten or two hundred twenty degrees. This process requires two or four hours, and the mass must be blown with air.

To soften abietic resin, a temperature of up to ninety-four degrees is needed, the number of acidic substances reaches eighty-one, and saponification reaches one hundred and forty-five. This substance is used to form nitro varnish.

As you can see, rosin derivatives are used for the production of paints and varnishes. It consists of resin acid and fatty acid. As we have already noted, abietic and pimaric acid are isolated.

In addition to gum and extraction rosin, tallow substance is obtained. It is obtained from tall oil. It is a waste product from the paper or pulp industry.

Table. Physico-chemical parameters of pine rosin according to GOST 19113-84

Name of indicator NormMethod of analysis

highest grade OKP 24 5372 0120	1st grade OKP 24 5372 0130	2nd grade >OKP 24 5372 0140
1. Appearance	Transparent, glassy or with air bubbles mass	According to clause 4.2
2. Color intensity	X, WW, WG	X, WW, WG, N	M, K, Y, H, G	According to GOST 17823.4
3. Mass fraction of water, %, no more	0,2	0,2	0,2	According to GOST 16399
4. Mass fraction of ash, %, no more	0,03	0,04	0,04	>According to clause 4.3
5. Mass fraction of mechanical impurities, %, no more	0,03	0,04	0,04	According to clause 4.4
6. Softening temperature, °C, not lower	69	68	66	GOST23863, method A
7. Acid number, mg KOH per 1 g of product, not less	169	168	166	According to GOST 17823.1 and clause 4.5 of this standard
8. Tendency to crystallize	No honey porous sediment	According to clause 4.6
9. Mass fraction of unsaponifiable substances, %, no more	6,0	6,5	7,5	According to clause 4.7

Source: http://lkmprom.ru/analitika/podrobnee-o-kanifoli/

Rosin

Failure of an electrical appliance requires its repair. The main causes of breakdowns of modern equipment are failed circuit boards, capacitors, and other products, the fastening of which is carried out by soldering. With certain skills, a home craftsman can repair the device himself, but this will require the accompanying raw materials. Soldering occurs using solder and an electric soldering iron.

Rosin

Properties of rosin

Low-temperature flux, used with low-melting solders; the melting temperature does not allow the use of rosin when working with solid soldering elements. The main properties are determined by the composition and method of preparation; even expensive varieties are not highly active.

Properties of rosin

The product can be used several times in inexperienced hands.

Rosin has the relative advantage of having increased spreadability, thus exposure to low temperatures can reliably place the material in place.

This property allows work in hard-to-reach places and helps remove oxidized deposits from the surface of the product being repaired. The liquid substance spreads or is applied to the product in advance, thereby working without temperature effects.

Properties may differ due to the presence of chemical additives. The melting point of rosin starts at 52 °C, regardless of the brand.

The main component of a quality product is abietic acid of the hydrochloric type, with a ratio of 60 to 90%. The amount of acid is determined by the purpose; more expensive brands have a high rosin content. The basis for natural varieties is about 20% neutral substances, the amount of chemical acids reaches up to 10% by using a certain production method. Liquid varieties contain thinner, ether, alcohol, gasoline, etc.

Before using rosin, it is important to understand that it cannot be used with refractory solders. The boiling point is 250 °C, in this state the substance evaporates. Flux is defined as an auxiliary raw material, with the help of which the surface is cleaned from oxidation, dirt and other unsatisfactory influences during soldering.

The composition and properties of rosin allow it to dissolve various oxides consisting of copper, tin, or lead when heated.

Due to its characteristic feature of removing oxides, it is used for cleaning metal during soldering. The product is often used at home; on production lines, solder is used with the addition of flux to the composition.

Using rosin for soldering

The most common method of soldering with colophon resin:

• the soldering iron is prepared for work by heating to operating temperature;
• at the end of the tip of the tool there is a substance of a low-melting type, it is used as solder, usually consisting of casting lead with the addition of zinc, cadmium or bismuth;
• Together with the substance, the soldering iron is lowered into the flux, the characteristic smoke indicates the reaction has taken place, the process occurs as quickly as possible, until evaporation.

The method is used if you have some experience; some difficulties may arise during the work for inexperienced craftsmen.

Rosin soldering technique

Any work can be made easier with the use of certain products, soldering materials is no exception. To work, you will need a liquid flux base - ethyl alcohol. Manufacturing is possible with your own efforts; it is enough to grind the product and mix it with a solvent.

Soldering with rosin

The liquid solution allows you to penetrate hard-to-reach places and is applied directly to the area of ​​the object.

1. Application is done using a brush or toothpick, after which a soldering iron is prepared.
2. Solder is applied to the heated soldering iron in the required quantities, depending on the size of the joint. A large amount of solder can touch adjacent contacts, which will disrupt the operation of the device being repaired.
3. The solder is distributed evenly, a reliable connection can be achieved by pressing the element to the board with little force.
4. After lowering the temperature, the flux residues are removed, because it can spread onto adjacent parts and disrupt electrical conductivity.

This method is more convenient and helps to connect even small parts. The soldering iron is used depending on the connection; the temperature regime is selected based on the melting parameters of the solder.

Main advantages

Each material has certain advantages and disadvantages; rosin has proven itself in soldering operations for many years and is still used today. Main advantages of the material:

• Dielectric properties help avoid unnecessary contacts on the solder surface.
• Affordable price compared to analogues, available for free sale at any radio electronics outlets.
• The soldering process using the product can be carried out regardless of the environment, humidity level, or air temperature.
• The properties of the product are protected from exposure to moisture and have a long shelf life.
• Prevents the formation of rust deposits on metal structures and degreases the product.

Rosin for soldering

It is allowed to use a natural product without personal protective equipment, due to the lack of toxicity. The process of use is not difficult; you can independently make the necessary concentration and type for convenient work.

Negative sides

The disadvantages include several factors that prevent the use of the material in certain situations.

1. In the absence of experience, low activity of elementoa may require additional processing. Use requires some skill to reduce processing time.
2. Hyperscopicity may prevent the substance from releasing visible vapor during processing, which will lead to corrosion of the compound in the future.
3. Available for application to small-sized assemblies of a certain metal composition. The product is applied to simple metals; other types of fluxes are used to process larger joints.
4. The fragile design of the material can cause problems during transportation. Easily crumbles under mechanical stress.

There are other types of fluxes that actively interact with metal. Such elements interact with metal and consist of zinc chloride or ammonium. After soldering, the substance is removed from the product as much as possible, because corrosion processes are possible. Neutral substances, such as rosin, do not interact with metal and do not conduct electricity.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/spravochnik/svarka/kanifol.html

How rosin is used in soldering

Fluxes are used for soldering many metals and alloys. Their functions include removing the oxide coating from the part, inhibiting oxidation processes during operation, and ensuring the formation of a high-quality connection.

Rosin for soldering is one of the simplest and most affordable types of flux materials. This tool has been successfully used from ancient times to the present high-tech time.

There are many modern compositions, but the habit of using rosin flux among many solders remains unchanged.

What it is

Everyone knows this word, but not many people know the details about rosin. It is useful for regular users to know the composition and properties of rosin flux so that soldering is successful.

Rosin is a substance that looks like glass. It can have all shades of beige, yellow, brown. It dissolves well in pure alcohol and benzene, less so in gasoline and kerosene, and does not dissolve at all in water.

The main active ingredient is resin acids, the concentration of which can reach 80-92%. The amount of higher fatty acids is noticeable, the mass fraction of which varies from 0.5% to 12%.

Receipt methods

Rosin is found in pines, cedars, and larches. It is obtained from these trees or wood raw materials. Rosin production is carried out using two main technologies, which determine the types of natural flux for soldering. The composition and characteristics of both products are controlled by state standards.

Pine rosin is obtained by distilling off the volatile fraction of oleoresin - a liquid that is released from cuts in the bark of coniferous trees. In parallel, turpentine is collected in the receivers, the mass fraction of which is 1/3 of the total product.

In addition, there is a method for producing rosin from waste of finely chopped wood. This product is called tallow. A separate group of natural resins isolated from old stumps and roots is called extraction rosin.

Gasoline is used as an extractant in the production process. Such a product is not widely used due to the laboriousness of obtaining the raw material, which is called stump tar.

Stumps need to be collected only 10 or even 15 years after cutting down the forest. It is difficult to imagine the details of organizing such production in large volumes required for soldering.

During paper production, tall oil is accumulated as waste, from which tall rosin is distilled.

How to solder

There are a number of mandatory stages when performing soldering. First of all, the surface of metal parts must be mechanically cleaned of dirt, oxides, and impurities.

Then the rosin for soldering needs to be warmed up well. Despite the fact that the flux begins to melt at a temperature less than 70 ℃, it needs to be heated with a large margin.

You can bring the temperature to +130. The heated tip of the soldering iron should easily enter the rosin mass. This usually produces a slight smoke.

The next soldering step depends on the type of work ahead. If you need to solder thin wires, you can start working right away. If the working area is larger, it must be preheated.

If you apply solder and flux to a cold surface, the temperature of the future seam will drop sharply. To solder large parts, pre-heating of the working area is required, after which the solder mass will be well distributed over the entire surface.

The soldering iron tip must be clean and warm. If it has not been used for a long time, you can clean the tip with a brush or sandpaper before soldering. Tin is then applied to the tip.

The process is called tip tinning. If the tip has been recently used and there is still some solder on it, that's good. You can immediately dip it in rosin and start soldering.

stage – fixation of parts to be soldered; applying first flux to the area of ​​the future seam, then solder. The entire molten mass must be evenly distributed with a soldering iron tip. After cooling, soldering is completed.

Application benefits

The use of rosin is convenient due to the following advantages:

• availability of flux for sale;
• acceptable price;
• low softening temperature;
• Can be used for many types of soldering;
• ease of use at home;
• long shelf life;
• harmlessness.

The natural product ensures the removal of oxide impurities, inhibits oxidation during the soldering process, and creates the prerequisites for the formation of a high-quality and durable seam.

Alcohol composition

In some situations, when soldering hard-to-reach places, not solid rosin is used as a consumable, but a ready-made alcohol solution of a natural product.

The flux, known under the abbreviation SKF, contains 60% pure alcohol.

The rest of the mass is occupied by rosin itself. Instead of alcohol, you can use acetone. True, its smell is less pleasant.

Liquid flux is inexpensive and has good technical characteristics. Its consistency can be easily changed by increasing the amount of solvent. So, when working, more liquid compositions that have the consistency of a solution are used.

For soldering ordinary parts, the mass is made in the form of a viscous slurry. Any work with solvents should be carried out with good ventilation. Inhalation of released vapors and sublimating particles of the flux mass is harmful to the respiratory tract of the master.

Soldering with tubular solders

Consumables available on sale are rods made of tin and lead. Flux rosin is placed inside along the entire length. This filler material is used in many types of soldering.

It is easy and convenient to use. The end of the rod is brought into the working area. It melts, allowing both flux and molten solder to enter the weld area. This is how soldering is carried out, which does not require careful preparation of the surface before starting work.

When choosing materials for soldering, you should pay attention to information about the manufacturers. All products must comply with GOST standards.

Source: https://svaring.com/soldering/flus/kanifol-dlja-pajki

Features of rosin for soldering

Household appliances and other electronics can break down at any time. If the damage is not serious, you can try to solder the loose contacts or radio components. To make the connection reliable, use a soldering iron, solder and rosin for soldering.

Varieties

Pine rosin can be divided into three types depending on its production. This changes the properties and characteristics of the soldering material:

1. Zhivichnaya. The juice is extracted from the trees, from which crude rosin is released through heat treatment. Cleaned with chemicals. In the production of this type of material, pine sap is used. This makes rosin cheaper. The finished composition does not contain fatty acids.
2. Talovaya. The starting material for producing melted rosin is sulfate soap. It is released during the paper production process. The highest category varieties resemble gum rosin in composition and properties.
3. Extraction. This material is isolated using a solvent containing crushed wood. Visually darker than other varieties of rosin. The composition contains about 12% fatty acids. The material softens at a temperature of 58–60 degrees Celsius. To improve the characteristics of the extraction rosin, a chemical clarification process is carried out.

Depending on the type of material, the price also changes. Gum rosin is considered the best among other soldering compounds.

What is rosin used for?

Not many people know why rosin is used for soldering. To answer this question, you need to understand that this is a resinous substance that is a flux. When connecting parts with a soldering iron, an oxide film forms on the surface being processed. It prevents the solder from joining the parts. To remove this film, you need to use flux or rosin. The resinous substance effectively copes with this task at temperatures above 150 degrees.

Rosin is used in soldering to improve connection parameters. It will help cope with problems associated with insufficient solder fluidity. It can slowly fill the joint and reduce the strength of the joint. The resinous substance is used mainly for home renovation work. The production uses serious compounds with enhanced characteristics and properties.

Resin can be used not only for soldering radio components and wires.
Varnishes and paints are made on its basis. It is one of the components in the manufacture of plastics. It is used to process strings on musical instruments. In the film industry, rosin is used to create effects. Rosin, properties of rosin and features when soldering

Advantages and disadvantages

Rosin for soldering has strengths and weaknesses. Advantages:

1. Does not conduct electricity.
2. It is an accessible and inexpensive material for soldering. This is due to the fact that the materials for making rosin are distributed all over the world.
3. Effectively removes oxide film from the surface of the processed material.
4. It does not dissolve in water and therefore the liquid cannot wash away the resinous layer.
5. Retains its characteristics at negative temperatures.
6. Safe for the human body. The resinous material does not emit harmful fumes and does not require the use of additional protective equipment.

Flaws:

1. For a resin-based composition to show its effectiveness, you must be able to work with it. It is recommended to practice on non-working parts or mechanisms.
2. Rosin is not effective when working with large parts.
3. A fragile material that must be transported and stored carefully.

Safe for the human body

How can I replace rosin for soldering?

Sometimes home craftsmen have a question about what can replace rosin. In this case, any tin-based flux will do. When using a blowtorch, liquid compounds are used because solid flux will not bring the desired result. Borax can be used instead of rosin.

Soldering process

Depending on what composition was chosen and how the work was carried out, the quality of the seam will depend. Soldering method:

1. Initially, the contacts are cleaned.
2. Then they need to be tinned.
3. After tinning, you need to melt the solder with a soldering iron and stretch it evenly over the joint.

When working with parts, it is necessary to secure them firmly in a vice or clamps to avoid movement during the soldering process.

Rosin for soldering acts as a flux. To use it, you need to choose the right composition and practice on unnecessary elements.

Features of rosin for soldering Link to main publication

Source: https://metalloy.ru/obrabotka/pajka/kanifol

Rosin is a useful organic substance

• Rosin is an organic substance of natural origin, a derivative of the resin of coniferous and some deciduous trees.
  

  Properties and getting

  Rosin is a glassy, ​​amorphous substance, fragile, similar to frozen resin. Color: from light yellow to dark brown. Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. From a chemical point of view, rosin is a mixture of resinous acids and their derivatives. It is obtained from resin (resin from coniferous trees), as well as from wood-based material, for example, from pine or cedar stumps. Finished rosin differs (for example, in melting point, composition) depending on the raw materials and manufacturing method. There are: - oleoresin, obtained by separating oleoresin from turpentine; - extraction (produced by extracting wood raw materials with organic solvents and subsequent distillation of the solvent): - tall, obtained by rectifying tall oil.

Rosin is used in more than 70 areas

— In the chemical industry it serves as a raw material for the production of a wide range of substances, reagents and materials.

— Complex acids, salts, esters, resins, rosin soap, driers (substances that accelerate the hardening of paint and varnish products), emulsifiers for the production of artificial elastic materials, construction emulsions with bitumen are obtained from rosin; adhesive additives (substances that improve adhesion to the surface) in varnishes and paints; pesticide; creolin; lubricants; sealing wax.

— Rosin is involved in the production of leather substitutes, rubber (including automobile, aviation), artificial rubbers, latexes, plastics, linoleum, rubber glue.

— Almost half of all rosin produced is used by the paper industry. Thanks to impregnation with rosin glue, ink and paints do not smear on the paper. Impregnation with other rosin derivatives makes the colors of paper and cardboard brighter and more light-resistant.

— In the paint and varnish industry, rosin is included in paints and varnishes, including paints for printing houses, laser printing, for laser printers and copiers.

— In electrical engineering and radio electronics - an electrical insulator, a component of compounds and specialized mastics.

— As the most popular, easily accessible and easy-to-use flux for soldering and tinning.

— Rosin is indispensable in music. For bowed instruments, a special violin rosin is produced, which is used to rub the hair of the bow.

— In agriculture - pesticides and herbicides based on rosin derivatives.

— In pharmacology — surgical adhesive plasters; ointments for the treatment of skin diseases, to which rosin imparts antiseptic properties.

— In soap making and the production of surfactants to replace part of the edible fats, to improve detergent and degreasing properties, to enhance foaming.

— For the production of adhesives, paper with an adhesive layer against flies.

— Rosin is a component of anti-slip agents used by athletes and dancers (to rub their hands and shoes); ski ointments.

- In the film industry - special effects with smoke.

- In cosmetics - for making soaps and creams useful for mature, inflamed, problematic, oily skin.

— In the food industry, additive E915 (rosin esters), which is not permitted in either the Russian Federation or the EU; glazing additive, citrus flavor enhancer in chewing gum.

An online store of chemical reagents in Moscow and the Moscow region, Prime Chemicals Group, offers to buy rosin and other chemical reagents at good prices. We have a wide range of chemicals. reagents, glassware and instruments for various industries, laboratory and medical equipment. Fast delivery, possibility of pickup from Mytishchi, quality service.

Source: https://pcgroup.ru/blog/kanifol-poleznoe-organicheskoe-veschestvo/

What is rosin and what is it for?

Rosin can be found in the closet of every radio amateur or home craftsman. This substance is used in the process of low-temperature soldering of various metals. Everyone has heard its name, but its origin, properties and application features remain a mystery to many.

Main component of rosin

Rosin is a purified resin from coniferous trees. In the CIS, pine rosin is most often found, but production technology is not limited to this tree. Sometimes you come across cedar, spruce and fir brands on the market.

In its raw form, the sap of coniferous trees is oversaturated with moisture, turpentine and various impurities. The resin is heated to the temperature of water and gradually turns into those very fragile crystals. In some situations, such a semi-finished product undergoes additional chemical cleaning.

Preparation by extraction method

Sometimes it is irrational to extract resins from wood. In this case, rosin is obtained directly from wood. To do this, the crushed material is exposed to chemical solvents with different properties.

Obtained by distillation of melted oil

During the manufacturing process of pulp and paper products, a lot of excess waste remains, including melted butter. In order to maximize production rationalization, it is additionally used to extract resins during the processing of softwood.  

• Pine rosin
• Pine rosin (in bags of 100 g) Pine rosin (in bags of 100 g)
• Pine rosin (packed in 1 kg) Pine rosin (packed in 1 kg)

Ready-made rosin dissolves well in most chemically active solvents. This list includes gasoline, ether, acetone, and alcohols. At the same time, solid rosin does not react in any way to water.  

Melting temperature

Rosin is excellent for soldering due to its low melting point. The exact value of a particular grade depends on the source and method of its preparation, but average figures indicate a range of 50-70 degrees. The indicator may be higher, but it does not exceed the melting point of any solder.  

Main purpose of application

Most conductors are susceptible to oxidation, and fatty particles are quickly deposited on their surface. This greatly complicates the soldering process and degrades the quality of the connection. Being a chemically active acidic substance, rosin, when heated, cleans the surface of oxide film and foreign substances.

Use in other areas

Rosin works well as a flux, but is also used to solve other problems. It imparts the desired properties to paint coatings and is often found in some plastic alloys. The substance is also excellent for treating strings of musical instruments, bows and ballet shoes.

Component storage and delivery methods

The most widely used flux is solid granules of rosin. In addition to them, there are alcohol solutions and gels. The former are very convenient to apply to open surfaces with a brush, while the latter linger well in closed, hard-to-reach places.

Lack of rosin

Due to its weak chemical activity, resin-based flux is more suitable for working with simple metals: copper, steel, lead. When soldering stainless steel and aluminum, due to the immediate formation of a persistent oxide film, it is necessary to use more acidic and active fluxes.

04.07.2019

Source: https://www.skala.ru/articles/chto-takoe-kanifol-i-dlya-chego-ona-nuzhna/

What is rosin made from?

Rosin for soldering certainly takes a worthy place among the home craftsman's tools.

At all times, no matter the development of the service or its complete absence, there are people with bright heads and skillful hands, who love and know how to do many things on their own.

A prominent place in the processes of application of skill is given to soldering during the installation and repair of electronic circuits, low-current electrical contacts and other work on creating permanent connections that do not require high strength.

Purpose of rosin

Before describing the purpose of rosin, it is necessary to explain the difference between soldering and welding:

• During the welding process, the edges of the parts being joined are melted, the liquid phases mix and, when solidified, form a permanent connection.
• When soldering, the parts to be joined remain in a solid state, and only the metal used for the connection—the solder—melts. The molten solder spreads over the edges being joined and, when solidified, forms a permanent connection.

To guarantee quality, the edges of the parts to be fastened must be well wetted with solder. This is achieved by cleaning them from oxides and contaminants using fluxes - in this case, rosin.

What is rosin? Regulations

Rosin is a solid glassy substance. It is amorphous, that is, it does not have a clearly defined melting point, but gradually softens when heated. The onset of softening occurs, depending on the type and variety, at approximately 55 - 70 ºC.

Rosin is a component of the resin of coniferous trees. There are several ways to obtain it:

• Evaporate volatile substances from the crude resin;
• Extract with organic solvents from sawdust;
• Distill tall oil, which is a waste product from paper production.

The quality of rosin in Russia is regulated by two regulatory documents GOST 19113-84 “Pine rosin” and GOST 14201-83 “Tall rosin”.

Rosin obtained from resin is somewhat more refractory - the softening point is approximately 5 higher or more, acidic - 5 - 10 mg of KOH per 1 g of product more. Tall rosin is lighter than pine rosin, but the color depends very much on the variety, that is, on the degree of purification from impurities.

Rosin is usually supplied to retail in round metal boxes. But it can also be sold as part of ready-made solder - a tube made of a tin-based alloy filled with rosin.

How to solder with rosin

In general terms, the soldering process consists of the following operations:

1. Mechanical cleaning of joined surfaces;
2. Warming up the soldering iron tip;
3. Heating of connected surfaces;
4. Treatment of the sting with rosin;
5. Surface treatment with rosin;
6. Coating the tip with solder (tinning);
7. Connecting parts and covering the joint and adjacent areas with solder.
8. Cooling the connection.

Now, more details about each operation?

Rosin is capable of dissolving oxide films and partially reducing them to metal.

If the surface of the parts to be joined is not covered with visible dirt, this operation can be skipped. It is necessary when dirt or oxides cover the surface so much that they prevent it from being wetted by molten rosin and then solder.

It was previously mentioned that the temperature at which rosin begins to soften is around 55 – 70ºC. But in order to reliably cover the soldering iron tip and the parts being connected, it must be heated to 100 - 130ºC. The criterion for a sufficient tip temperature is its free penetration into the solid rosin mass with the appearance of a slight haze.

The need to heat the surfaces to be joined depends very much on their size. If you have thin wires to solder, you can skip this operation. You must understand that on a cold surface the rosin and solder will rapidly cool and solidify. As a result, it will not be possible to achieve dissolution of oxides with rosin and sufficient spreading of solder. Therefore, before starting soldering, it is necessary to assess whether it is possible to warm up the parts already during flux treatment or whether this must be done first.

If the soldering iron is being used for the first time or has not been used for a long time, you can go over the tip with a wire brush or fine sandpaper. But this is required in the most advanced cases. Usually it is enough to heat it up and treat it with rosin, and then cover it with a layer of tin - tin it. Now the tip is ready for use.

If the break in work was short, and the tip remained covered with solder, tinning is not required, just heat it and dip it in rosin.

• Next, we prepare the surface of the parts for soldering. As already mentioned, it may be necessary to heat the joint surfaces of the parts being connected. This is determined by their massiveness and the size of the soldering iron tip. If the tip is more massive than the parts, you can do without preheating before soldering, but do it directly during the processing of the parts with rosin.

We fix the surfaces to be joined in the position in which they will be mounted, heat them if necessary, treat them with flux and then apply molten solder. Using the soldering iron tip, we help it spread over the joint and adjacent areas, and let the joint cool.

The soldering process is completed.

Soldering with rosin

In this form, the solder rod is a tube of tin-lead alloy wound into a coil, inside which there is rosin. When soldering, it is used as a filler material. The parts to be joined are heated with a soldering iron, and then the end of the rod is inserted into the soldering zone, and the joint is tinned using joint movements of the tip and additive.

Melting flux and solder coat the joint simultaneously, reducing process time.

This method can be used to solder parts in cases that do not require preliminary surface preparation.

Soldering iron selection

It is no coincidence that the issue of choosing a soldering iron is considered after a detailed review of the features of the soldering process. Its power and the size of the tip are directly dependent on what needs to be soldered.

It was previously said that for high-quality soldering of large parts, they may need to be preheated, and you need to choose a powerful tool with a massive copper tip.

At the same time, for soldering thin wires deep in electronic components, excess heat is not needed; a thin tip is enough, which is convenient for soldering in a limited space.

Soldering Safety Considerations

The soldering process is accompanied by a number of harmful factors. The first of them is contamination of the breathing zone. Rosin smoke, inevitably released during soldering, tin and lead fumes are allergens and carcinogens. The room intended for soldering, even amateur soldering, must be well ventilated.

The next factor is the risk of electric shock. To obtain permission to carry out soldering, workers at enterprises must have electrical safety group 2.

Why do you need rosin for soldering?

Before you start soldering at home, you should at least visually verify that the electric soldering iron and socket are in working order.

Fire danger. For tools and the soldering process, it is necessary to use stands made of non-flammable, heat-insulating material.

Conclusion

This article discusses the most characteristic features of soldering processes using rosin.

But to teach any craft, including soldering, theory must be inextricably intertwined with practice. Only then can everything said be of real benefit in mastering the skill.

Source: https://morflot.su/iz-chego-sdelana-kanifol/

Why do you need rosin when soldering and how to use it

Rosin is a special substance used for soldering with a soldering iron. On an industrial scale, this raw material has a wider application, and most importantly, diversified. The resinous substance has a lot of positive characteristics. But there are also some minor drawbacks.

Characteristics of rosin for soldering

Rosin resin is a rather fragile substance with a glassy structure. When frozen, it resembles light yellow or red glass. If we consider other characteristics, we get a very impressive list:

• The substance, in no condition, does not conduct electric current. It is an excellent insulator that can be applied to certain areas of electrical appliances.
• Raw materials are cheap and available. It can be obtained anywhere in the world, thanks to the prevalence of coniferous trees.
• Due to its stickiness, it can easily remove oxide film or coating from any substrate.
• The resinous structure does not dissolve in water. It is often used in the industrial field to coat certain metal parts.
• Does not lose any characteristics with a significant decrease in temperature indicators.
• Natural raw materials do not harm the human body. Environmental friendliness makes it relevant when using resinous raw materials to cover various surfaces.

Characteristics

Important! It has raw materials and some disadvantages. They are insignificant, but may well affect the features of operation and application.

When the temperature increases significantly, it begins to melt. As a result, it becomes sticky and viscous. If you use the material in the soldering process, then its properties are ineffective when connecting large parts. In the solid state, it is a very brittle material, but with a fairly beautiful structure.

What is it used for?

Everyone knows that the soldering process requires the mandatory use of rosin, but not many people know why exactly.

There is an exact definition of what rosin is used for when soldering:

• If you heat rosin to 150 °C, it will effectively remove the oxide film that protects the surface of parts. Thanks to this, solder occurs.
• The raw material helps improve the joining of parts and thus ensures good fluidity of the solder. Replenishes the missing amount of material on broken parts.
• The unique composition and physical properties can completely restore the lost functions of the conductor after its rupture.

Features of use

Note! It turns out that when working on connecting conductors, it is necessary to use resinous raw materials.

Typically, a substance such as flux is used exclusively when making repairs at home. On a production scale, more serious compositions are used.

How to use it correctly

To carry out high-quality soldering and get good contact, you need to use the substance correctly. The algorithm consists of several main stages:

1. Organize good lighting of the workplace. This will help connect fault locations more accurately.
2. Places of rupture or fracture must first be cleaned. The procedure can be carried out using sandpaper or special solvents if it is rust.
3. It is necessary to tinning the soldering iron. To do this, apply a little rosin to the hot tip of the tool. Simply press the tip of the soldering iron onto the piece of resin.
4. After tinning, you need to immediately connect the parts. Additionally, you can perform tinning again.

Additional Information! To simplify the soldering process, you need to clear the workplace of foreign objects, and especially small particles and dust.

Soldering

The soldering principle is completely simple. Flux, that is, rosin, serves as a connecting substance. Even a beginner can cope with the task. The main thing is to do everything carefully and in a timely manner.

Where else is it used?

Everyone involved in the repair of devices knows only soldering rosin. But the substance can also be used in other areas:

• Resin waste is used in the pulp industry for gluing layers of cardboard products.
• It is used as an emulsifier in the production of artificial rubber, rubber, eco-leather, mastic and paints.
• The substance reduces slipping, so it is used to rub the strings of musical instruments, billiard cues, and ballerinas’ pointe shoes.
• Small particles of rosin are used to create artificial smoke in cinema.
• In sports, rosin “flour” is used as a hand lubricant to ensure a strong grip without slipping.
• In applications with high inertia, resin lubricant is used as an auxiliary coating for belts.
• Some rosin esters are used as food additives. They are not only harmless, but even useful.

Areas of application

The substance is so versatile that it can be used in various branches of food, heavy and light industry and sports. The main advantage of this raw material is its availability and low cost.

Resin

To make high-quality and effective solder, you need to use rosin resin obtained from the resin of coniferous resins. The principle of use is quite simple, but there are other applications. Raw materials are actively added to the composition of paint products and lubricate parts of production machines. In sports, this is also a relevant option for reducing friction and a strong grip on sports equipment.

Source: https://rusenergetics.ru/polezno-znat/zachem-nuzhna-kanifol-pri-payke