How to make rivets on metal
In industry, one of the main operations is the connection of structural elements and parts.
One way is to connect using rivets. It is used when it is not possible to weld structural elements, and has many advantages over it. To perform this technology, there is a special tool for riveting rivets.
What is a riveter and its types
A riveter is a special tool (pliers) that works on the principle of a gun, which is designed to connect structural elements and their individual parts when their thickness during connection does not exceed 10 mm.
Basically, with the help of such a mechanical gun, parts are fixed from the inside. The manual riveter is a lever tool in the form of a pistol, consisting of 2 parts:
- a spring mechanism designed to pull the rivet inward;
- lever system used to create force.
There are two types of rivet tools on the market today: threaded and pull-out.
Pull tool
Threading tool
A manual pull-type riveter works by using a pulling force to secure the rivet. Under the action of the lever force, the rivet rod is drawn into its tubular part and is pushed apart by the head of the rod. On the outside, the rivet head is also flattened and creates a strong fixation of the parts.
The principle of operation of a manual threaded riveter is the same, only the retraction of the ball in the working part occurs not due to force, but by rotating the thread in the tubular part of the rivet. That is, it uses a method of fixing the head by twisting the handle. This method is not used often and is mainly necessary for fixing parts that have a small thickness.
Nozzles of different diameters and tail lengths are usually sold complete with the gun.
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Types of drive for riveters and their cost
Based on the type of drive device, riveters are divided into:
- pneumatic;
- mechanical (manual);
- electrical;
- battery;
- pneumohydraulic.
The most popular devices in everyday life are those with a mechanical drive. Such instruments have two modifications. One involves working with one hand, and the other with the power of using two hands.
“One-armed” devices also include a model of an instrument called an “accordion.”
The cost of riveters depends on the manufacturer, connection method, model, and drive device. Promoted brands of tools are more expensive than products from unknown manufacturers.
Also, pneumatic, electric, pneumohydraulic and battery devices are much more expensive than manual ones, because they have a more complex design. They are mainly used on an industrial scale.
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Blind rivet device
To understand how to use a manual pull-type riveter, you need to know the structure of fasteners, which are rivets specially designed for this method of fastening.
Such a rivet is a fastener consisting of two elements: a hollow cylindrical tube with a head at the end and a metal rod. The hollow cylinder is called a rivet body (bushing). The diameter of this cylinder indicates the size of the rivet hardware.
The hollow hole inside the cylinder extends through the entire body, including its head. The metal rod looks like a nail with a rounded head. It is inserted into a cylindrical hole and retracted until the head stops using a latch.
Threaded rivets , intended for a manual pull riveter, have a thread inside a cylindrical body. The rod is also threaded and is inserted into the cylinder by screwing.
To create a strong connection, a bolt or screw is most often screwed inside. Sometimes such a rivet is called a blind rivet. It is considered more durable than just exhaust.
Blind rivets are made from different materials. Steel, aluminum or copper alloys are used for the sleeve. It is very important that the sleeve material does not cause corrosion of the metal from which the parts being connected are made. This means that when they come into contact, they should not form a cathode-anode pair.
The rod must be made of steel, the strength of which far exceeds the strength of the body. The rivet body cylinder can have different diameters and lengths. These dimensions are the main characteristics of such products. They are paid attention to first of all when choosing. The diameter of the cylindrical body must correspond to the holes for fasteners.
In order for the cylinder to fit freely into the hole, it must be slightly larger than the diameter of the rivet body. Typically the error is 0.1 – 0.2 mm. The length of the body should consist of the total thickness of the parts being connected and an allowance for the amount of riveting. An allowance of up to 1 mm must be provided for this.
Connection stages using a riveter
How to use a riveter can be seen using the example of manual fastening of parts. The connection process must be carried out in the following order:
- surface preparation;
- marking and drilling holes;
- installation of fasteners.
Preparation of surfaces includes their careful leveling so that the parts rub together as much as possible.
In order to accurately drill holes without displacement, they need to be placed on a flat plane, it is better to take a piece of wood, and securely fix it on it. Then mark the locations of the holes. After this, they are drilled using a drill, maintaining maximum positional accuracy on all connected parts.
To ensure that the hole size meets the required parameters, you need to take a drill with a slightly larger diameter. For example, to produce a hole with a diameter of 3.8 mm, the drill must have a diameter of 4 mm.
After drilling the holes, you need to “try on” the selected fasteners. The head of the rivet should fit snugly against the surface around the edge of the hole and completely cover it.
Installation of rivets
Installation of rivets is carried out as follows:
- the cylindrical body of the rivet is inserted into the drilled holes of the parts being connected;
- the rod passing through the entire body is grasped by the lips or the riveting head of the rivet tool at the base of the cylinder head;
- with the help of force, the rod is gradually pulled through the body of the rivet, expanding it with its cap (head) and deforming the end of the cylinder. In this way, the reverse wide part of the rivet is formed on the inner surface of the connected parts.
- When the force of the riveter reaches a certain value and the connection of the parts is strong enough, the remains of the elongated rod are broken off.
When working with a manual riveter, as a rule, several pressings of the lever are required to achieve the desired result. After the process is completed, one side of the joint will have the head of the rivet body, and the other will have the flattened end of the cylinder in the form of petals.
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Source: http://ooo-asteko.ru/kak-delat-zaklepki-na-metalle/
Rivets. Types and work. Application and how to choose. Peculiarities
Rivets are a fastening system that is used to connect two or more parts. They are inserted into pre-made holes in the workpieces, arranged in one line. The fastener is a round rod, which, as a result of deformation, tightly covers the walls of the holes and is held in them due to friction.
Basic properties of rivets
A rivet provides a more secure connection than a screw or screw. At the same time, it takes up a minimum of space, without protruding from the workpiece with a large head, which is the case with bolts. The main advantage of such fasteners is its low cost and high installation speed. Rivets are used in cases where the workpieces are not planned to be separated. Once the rivet is seated, it is no longer possible to disassemble the connection without drilling.
An important advantage of using rivets is their resistance to vibration.
If, for example, a threaded connection can loosen due to constant shaking because the screws, nuts or bolts are unscrewed, then the rivet does not have such a drawback. It gets stuck in tightly and doesn't come out.
If the connection is subjected to a large mechanical load of tearing or shearing, then the metal of the riveting can only tear or damage the parts themselves, but it will not come out just like that.
Rivets are a popular fastening element, so it's no surprise that they come in a fairly wide range. All existing structures can be divided into two groups - cold and hot riveting. Cold ones are made from softer and more ductile metals, which are relatively easily deformed to take the required shape.
hot- rivet is made of hard steel, so as a result of the pressure created, it practically does not change its shape without preheating. It provides a more reliable connection, but may not always be used. This type is used in cases where heating will not damage the parts.
In particular, such fasteners are used in shipbuilding and machine tool building.
Types of rivets
There are quite a few types of rivets. Each of them has its own advantages and is intended for use in certain cases. Fasteners differ from each other not only in the installation method, but also in the load they can withstand.
In addition to classifying rivets according to their installation temperature, they are also divided into three groups according to design features:
- Ordinary.
- Exhaust with a tail.
- Threaded.
Each variety is intended for a specific purpose, so it is impossible to say that any group is better.
Regular
The regular ones appeared first. They are easy to recognize because they are shaped like a mushroom. Their metal rod is decorated with a wide cap. Such rivets are considered one of the most durable, but difficult to install.
This type of fastener can only be used if it is necessary to connect two elements with the ability to install riveting through them.
That is, a fungus should remain at one end of the connection, and the main fastener rod should extend out of the road by at least a few millimeters.
In order to connect two workpieces, it is necessary to rest a solid metal object against the head of the riveting and, with soft blows on its rod, flatten the material, forming a semblance of the existing head. Thus, a strong connection is ensured not only by internal friction in the holes, but also by external pressure that is created between the factory and the created cap.
Exhaust
Blind rivets are used in cases where it is necessary to connect two metal sheets. They allow for reliable fixation of workpieces, even when only one side of them is accessible.
To work with them, a special pneumatic or mechanical gun is used. There are also screwdriver attachments that also allow you to work with such fasteners.
The rivet itself is a long metal rod, at the end of which there is a tubular-type aluminum sleeve. Other soft metal may also be used.
When the steel rod is pulled out, the sleeve is deformed because there is a small cap at the end that prevents it from coming out. As a result of the pressure created, the sleeve fits tightly to the entire surface of the hole.
In order to make a quality connection, it is necessary to rest the end of the rivet gun against the parts being connected. This is the key to success.
The steel tail itself, which is retracted by the gun, can break off, since it has special notches to weaken the strength, or it completely comes out of the sleeve.
The blind type of rivets is used most often because it provides easy installation, and the gun for the job is relatively cheap.
An important advantage in favor of such fasteners is the fact that it can connect a thin and thick part, even if the height of the sleeve is less than the total thickness of the workpieces.
By simply inserting the rivet and starting to tighten the tail, you can create just enough deformation to achieve the high friction needed to hold the parts in place. Of course, the reliability of such a connection will not be as high as when using a full-fledged through installation.
Threaded
The threaded rivet is the most expensive. The fastener itself is a hollow sleeve, inside of which a thread is cut. The sleeve is directly inserted into the prepared hole of the parts to be connected, after which the rod is screwed inward. After this, it breaks out towards the supporting surface from which it was twisted. In this case, the sleeve begins to crumple, as in the case of an exhaust sleeve. Once the required connection quality is achieved, the rod is simply turned out.
Such sleeves are usually made of aluminum, but they are also available in copper and brass. The main disadvantage of such fasteners is its high cost. Also, in order to achieve a high-quality connection, it is important to observe the direction of pulling the rod at 90 degrees. In this regard, the work is best done with a special gun, but it is quite possible to get by with a bolt and nut.
The main advantage of such rivets is minimal trauma. With conventional rivets, there is always a risk of injury from the hammer. When working with the suction type, the gun may slip and cause injury. Screw rivets provide secure fixation. Such fasteners are usually used in mechanical engineering, as well as in the manufacture of housings for household electrical appliances. It allows you to fasten a thick rivet, the diameter of which is significantly higher than in a conventional rivet.
In order for the connection to be reliable and visually attractive, it is important to select the correct fastener parameters:
First of all, you should pay attention to the material. Aluminum rivets are used to connect parts that are not susceptible to rust. They are not only resistant to corrosion, but also have a very good strength indicator. Brass fasteners are used for fixing grounding on panels, as well as in other areas where it is necessary to ensure the installation of conductive elements.
Stainless steel rivets are commonly used in equipment used in the food or chemical industries that are subject to severe pressure. This connection is not afraid of corrosion, and at the same time provides the maximum degree of fixation. Copper rivets are commonly used for copper roofing. Using fasteners made of other materials for such purposes can lead to oxidation, which shortens the service life of the roof.
The next important indicator is the length of the fastener. If you choose a rivet that is too short, the resulting connection will be unreliable. If you take an excessively long rod, the resulting deformation will result in a sloppy fungus that will ruin the appearance of the products.
If an exhaust sleeve is used, this can lead to early tearing out of the tail, which will create an unreliable connection. Ideally, use a rivet whose length is 20% higher than the thickness of the elements being connected tightly to each other.
This allows you to get a perfect head on the reverse side, which will securely hold the parts together with the factory head.
Also important is the ratio of the thickness of the rivet to the diameter of the prepared hole. It should be only slightly smaller to ensure easy insertion of the rod. If the difference is too large, the resulting gap will not be filled tightly enough, which will create minimal friction. As a result, such a connection will be unreliable and will break out even under light load.
Recommendations for work
If it is necessary to achieve a reliable connection, you need to use rivets of the largest possible diameter, as far as the material that is being connected allows. If you don’t have such fasteners at hand, you can get by with thinner ones, but use several rivets located close to each other.
In the event that you need to connect materials using rivets that are not able to withstand the load that is created during deformation, you can use a trick. To do this, you need to put a wide washer on the back side of the sleeve, which will be deformed.
As a result, the crushed tip will not be able to pass through it, so it will begin to press it like a vice, pulling it towards its fungus. This will create a completely reliable fixation without breaking through the soft material. This method is used to fix polycarbonate and plywood.
Related topics:
Source: https://tehpribory.ru/glavnaia/materialy/zaklepki.html
How to use a riveter: types of tools for riveting rivets
In industry, one of the main operations is the connection of structural elements and parts.
One way is to connect using rivets. It is used when it is not possible to weld structural elements, and has many advantages over it. To perform this technology, there is a special tool for riveting rivets.
How to rivet steel rivets
Rivets are a fastening system that is used to connect two or more parts. They are inserted into pre-made holes in the workpieces, arranged in one line. The fastener is a round rod, which, as a result of deformation, tightly covers the walls of the holes and is held in them due to friction.
How to rivet rivets with a hammer
Hammer rivets have been an integral part of every builder's kit for quite some time. At their core, they are a kind of rod, on top of which there is a special head, which can be made in the form of various shapes (the most common are round).
Hammer rivets are used to create a reliable connection. To do this, the builder must have access to all sides of the elements that need to be connected. It is important to note that the holes in the materials being joined must be similar to the diameter of the rivet (possible errors are determined by GOST).
Rivet sizes can vary significantly. Thus, the diameter ranges from 1 to 36 millimeters, and the length ranges from 2 to 180 millimeters. This spread makes it possible to use parts in various fields to connect materials of different thicknesses.
However, at the same time, it is worth remembering that the size must correspond to the loads that the rivets will experience during operation. This is why experienced builders often advise and recommend using rivets with a “size margin” - it is better to take a larger part than a smaller one.
In general, all the requirements put forward for these building elements are specified in the relevant construction GOSTs adopted by the Russian Federation, and are also established by various documents legalized at the international level (for example, the production of hollow rivets is regulated by GOST 12639-80).
Material of manufacture
Hammer rivets can be made from various materials. For consideration are the most popular varieties.
Aluminum
This type of building parts is also often called exhaust. Their production is regulated by several domestic standards:
- with countersunk head - GOST 10300-80;
- with semicircular – GOST 10299-80;
- with flat – GOST 10303-80;
- semi-hollow - GOST 12641-80.
The size grid is quite varied: diameter - from 1 to 10 millimeters, length - from 5 to 45 millimeters. Moreover, these indicators may vary depending on the type of rivets (hammer, pull, threaded).
It is also important to note the fact that such aluminum parts can be made from several grades of material. Thus, the most popular raw materials are considered to be aluminum grades D18, V65, AMts, D19P, AMG 5P. They can also be duralumin.
Steel
Stainless steel parts occupy a special place among all hammer rivets. The production of these elements is carried out not only in Russia, but also abroad.
Most often, steel rivets are produced without any additional coating, and their sizes may vary. So, for example, the diameter of the cap can be from 1.8 to 55 mm, the height of the cap can be from 0.6 to 24 mm, the height of the entire element can be from 2 to 180 mm.
Due to such diverse indicators, these parts can be used for connecting sheets made of metal, for fastening facade plates to substructures, as well as for connecting metal structures with parts made of other materials.
Copper
Construction parts made from this material are characterized by several distinctive features:
- due to their antimagnetic properties, they are widely used in the radio industry;
- due to the fact that copper does not rust, rivets made from it are in demand in almost all areas (especially in cases where the materials fastened with them often come into contact with water and air);
- Copper elements are used to assemble apparatus and tools for the chemical industry, as they are quite resistant to the action of various substances manufactured artificially.
Most manufacturers produce copper rivets in standard sizes: from 2 to 8 mm in diameter.
Brass
Brass parts are quite flexible, but at the same time durable. And thanks to their appearance, they can perform not only their direct functions, but also serve as a decorative or design element. Most often, such elements are used in the industrial and instrument-making fields.
The length of brass rivets reaches 4–70 mm, and the diameter is 2–8 mm.
In order to choose the right crimp (mandrel) for brass parts with a semicircular head, you should choose crimps that have:
- long service life;
- uniform hardening;
- working ends are polished;
- Impact heads are inductively annealed.
Countersunk rivets
Similar elements have other names - impact, driving. Riveting with this part is carried out in several cases:
- when welding is prohibited;
- when joining non-metallic materials.
Rivets can be riveted overlapping, end-to-end, as well as using the chain and staggered method.
For more information on hammer rivets, watch the video below.
A rivet is one of the simplest types of fasteners for creating permanent connections. In the general case, this is a rod or tubular part that has a supporting “embedded” head of a certain shape at one end. It is installed in the connection, as the name suggests, by the riveting method (as well as shrinkage, rolling, broaching, explosion).
Based on their shape, rivets can be divided into several main types:
- Rivets with a closing head (there are solid, hollow and semi-hollow)
- Rivets with broaches (also called tear-off or pull-out rivets)
- Threaded rivets (also called riveting nuts)
Rivets with locking head
Historically, rivets with a closing head were the first to be invented, which is why they became the most widespread. These rivets have a head on one side. The second head, called the closing head, is formed using a rolling or riveting tool: riveting hammer, pliers.
According to the shape of the head, rivets with a closing head are divided into:
They also differ structurally by the presence of a hole inside the rivet:
- Solid rivets - no hole
- Hollow rivets - tubular - have a through hole
- Semi-hollow rivets - for flaring - have a blind hole
Materials for rivets
Rivets with a closing head can be made from a variety of metals and alloys that lend themselves well to plastic deformation.
The most widely used materials are:
- Steels - mainly ductile high-boiling steels 03kp, 05kp, 08kp, 10kp, 15kp, 20kp
- Stainless steels - austenitic steels 12Х18Н9, 08Х18Н10, 03Х18Н11, 12Х18Н10Т
- Aluminum alloys - the most applicable alloys are AD , AD1 , aluminum-magnesium alloys AMg2, AMg5, AMg5P, AMg6, alloys AMts, V94, V65, D1, D16, D16T, D18, D18P, D19P are also used
- Brass alloys - mainly L63
- Copper - grades MT, M3
Marking of rivets by materials
Rivets can be marked on the head for subsequent identification. The marking can be convex or concave (branding).
The following is a table with the accepted marking of basic materials in the form of dots or dashes.
Source: http://gidpotolok.ru/info/kak-pravilno-klepat-zaklepki-molotkom/
How to rivet rivets correctly with a riveter
Welding is, of course, good, but it cannot be used everywhere. In this case, riveting is used - this is a mechanical connection of parts using special fasteners. These fasteners are called rivets; they are made from different materials and come in different types.
What is riveting
The mechanical connection of parts using a series of rivets is called riveting, and the connection itself is called a riveted seam. It is used where it is inconvenient to weld parts or where non-weldable materials are joined.
Not only metals are riveted, but also parts in clothing, accessories, etc. are connected in this way. But there it is more of a finishing touch than a loaded connection. So next we will talk about riveting in construction or home improvement.
In principle, you can use a screw connection instead of riveting, but bolts and nuts are more expensive, and their installation takes longer.
This is what a rivet joint looks like
If we talk about installing fences made of corrugated sheets, rivets are more reliable, since they can only be removed by drilling out the fasteners. When installing screws or self-tapping screws, they can be unscrewed and both metal and hardware can be removed. In some cases, riveting is more convenient when installing a roof made of corrugated sheets or metal tiles. On the roof, installing screw connections is problematic and time consuming. But rivets, and with a good tool, can be done in an hour or even less.
Most common use in private households
How are parts connected using rivets? The rivet is installed in the prepared through hole. It has a head that rests on the material and the rod. During the riveting process, the end of the rod is flattened, changing shape under the influence of force. Therefore, ductile metals are used for these hardware.
Types of rivet seams
If we talk about the method of joining sheets, then riveted seams can be overlapped (one sheet overlaps another) and end-to-end. Joint seams can have one or two overlays. With overlays they are more reliable and are used in critical and loaded places.
Types of rivet seams: overlapped and butted with overlays
According to the location of the rivets:
They can be located opposite each other or in a checkerboard pattern. Seams can be strong, tight (sealed) or durable-tight. Dense ones are made using elastic gaskets placed between the parts to be connected. Durable and dense ones are used mainly in boilers. Now they are more often replaced by welding.
Types of rivets
What is a rivet? It is a cylindrical rod of ductile metal (may or may not be hollow) with a shaped head at one end. This head is called a mortgage. During the installation process, due to the flattening of the metal of the rod on the second side, a second head is formed. It is called closing (closing).
There may be composite rivets (such as the popular blind or screw rivets), which consist of a body and a shank. But this does not change the essence: the embedded head rests on the material, and at the other end, due to the plasticity of the metal, a second head is formed. It is simply formed due to the fact that the rod is extended and the expanded part crushes the second part.
Types of cores and embedded heads
Rivets differ in the shape of the head and the shank. According to the type of rod they are:
- with a solid rod (high load capacity, but difficult to install);
- semi-hollow (part of the rod near the embedded head is solid, part is hollow);
- hollow (the head and rod have a cylindrical solid hole, they are easily riveted, but cannot withstand high loads).
Types of rivets by type of rod and head
Rivets have the following types of heads (pictured above):
- Semicircular (high and low). Sometimes also called spherical. The most reliable, create a strong seam.
- Cylindrical and conical (flat). Used if the connection is in an aggressive environment.
- Secret and semi-secret. Installed when fasteners should not protrude above the surface. The most unreliable connection, used only when necessary.
Different rivets can be installed nearby
Each type of embedded head is found with each type of core. They are selected depending on the planned load. For maximum loads, hardware with a solid rod and a semicircular head is needed. Hollow seams can also be used for seams that are not too loaded, but they do not provide tightness. If such a characteristic is important, then semi-hollow ones are installed.
Types of rivets
Despite the fact that welding has become accessible even to a layman, riveting does not lose popularity. After all, not all metals can be welded, and the welded seam is susceptible to corrosion. Therefore, new varieties of rivets are constantly appearing, so there is definitely no complete list. Let's look at the main and more popular ones.
- Classic or ordinary. Universal, used for all types of seams. They can be distinguished externally - they resemble fungi.
- Semi-tubular (the rod is half hollow). They require less effort during installation, but their strength is low. Used in connections with low mechanical load.
Classic and threaded rivets
Nut and rivet rivets
These are the main types of rivets that are used in construction, mechanical engineering and other fields. Each species has its own subspecies that differ in nuances.
Blind rivets
Let's say a few words separately about blind rivets. They are used for fastening corrugated sheets and metal tiles. These are the ones you most often encounter when arranging a site. The blind rivet consists of a tubular body and a solid rod inserted inside. They are called composite because they have two independent parts. Also, this fastener is reinforced - after installation, part of the rod remains inside, which increases the strength of the connection.
How does a blind rivet work?
The length of the blind rivet body must be greater than the thickness of the parts being connected. It is inserted into a hole made in advance, after which the riveter grabs the rod and pulls it through the hollow body. At the far end of the rod there is a ball that forms the closing head from the flared edge of the body. The excess rod is removed with a tool, but some of it remains inside, which makes this connection quite strong.
As is clear from the description, it is important to choose the correct rivet size. Too short will not allow a normal bead to form, which will weaken the connection. A body that is too long will give a lot of play, which is also not good. So when selecting this type of fastener, carefully look at the recommended thickness. Ideally, your connection is in the middle of the range.
Rivets for joining loose and soft materials
The hardware listed above is not suitable for joining soft and plastic materials - plastic, chipboard. There is another type of similar fastener for them. It is not as large in size and less durable. But, during installation, less force is created so as not to destroy the materials.
There are the following types of rivets for joining plastic or soft materials:
- Petalaceae. When installed, the rivet body opens into several petals. The large contact area of such a closing head allows the load to be redistributed.
Such rivets can be placed on plastic, fiberboard and other “non-metals”
There are also plastic rivets. They are usually made for furniture, sometimes for fixing decorative panels. These rivets are more like screw rivets. The lower part is cut into several petals; inside there is a thread through which the rod is screwed. As it twists, the rod pushes the body apart, which is held in place by friction.
Metal riveting
The process of riveting metals consists of two stages: preparatory and the actual installation of hardware. Preparation - drilling holes, countersinking for countersunk heads if necessary. Please note that countersunk heads can be on one (either) side or on both.
The riveting process itself is as follows:
- insert the rivet;
- tighten the parts to be connected;
- form a closing head using a tool;
- check and clean the connection.
This is how blind rivets are installed
With a good tool, work goes quickly. For private use and one-time work, manual riveters are usually used. And even with them, the process itself (without drilling holes) takes a matter of seconds. If we talk about installing corrugated sheets or metal tiles, it is recommended to coat each hole made with paint to prevent corrosion. It is these processes - drilling and painting - that take a lot of time.
Source: https://ostwest.su/instrumenty/kak-pravilno-klepat-zaklepki-klepalnikom.php/
How to use a riveter correctly - Metals, equipment, instructions
In industry, one of the main operations is the connection of structural elements and parts.
One way is to connect using rivets. It is used when it is not possible to weld structural elements, and has many advantages over it. To perform this technology, there is a special tool for riveting rivets.
Installation of blind rivets | Tips for creating a reliable connection. — AIRIVET Company
Despite the fact that the technology of blind rivets has greatly simplified the creation of a riveted connection, there are certain points that should be paid attention to, because if installed incorrectly, even the highest quality rivets will not be able to provide a reliable connection of materials.
Things to think about during the preparatory phase:
— Rivet connection configuration
Before purchasing rivets, determine what values of shear and tensile force are required for a single rivet connection of the designed assembly.
It is these characteristics that determine the strength of the entire riveted connection, and it is from them that one must start when calculating the interval between rivets, in choosing the material and diameter of the rivets.
Then use the manufacturer's catalog to determine the key characteristics of the rivets that will best suit your project.
— Thickness of the rivet connection package.
Blind rivets have another important characteristic - the thickness of the package. This value shows the range (minimum and maximum thickness of the materials being joined) within which a rivet of a certain length will provide a reliable connection.
To select rivets for your project, be sure to measure the total thickness of the materials being joined. Do not base your choice on the length of the rivet! The characteristics of rivets from different suppliers may differ and, with the same length, may have a different operating range.
Having found out the thickness of the materials to be joined, you can easily select a rivet of the appropriate size in the manufacturer’s catalog - it is important that the value of the total thickness of the materials to be joined is within the range indicated in the “package thickness” column.
Remember, an insufficient rivet length will not allow the formation of a full-fledged reverse head, and an excessive length will lead to its excessive deformation - both options are unacceptable, since they do not guarantee a reliable connection of the parts.
— Selection of blind rivet material
The correct choice of material has a significant influence on the strength of the riveted joint, and not only the material of the rivet is important, but also the materials of the surfaces being connected.
In this case, you can be guided by a simple rule - the rivet material, in its physical and mechanical properties, should be as close as possible to the properties of the materials of the surfaces being joined.
The use of dissimilar materials can lead to rapid wear of the rivet joint due to material fatigue or galvanic corrosion. For more information on how to choose the right rivet material, read the article: How to choose the right blind rivet material.
— Size and type of hole for the rivet
The size of the rivet hole has a great influence on the quality of the entire connection. A hole that is too small will complicate the installation of rivets and may result in a poor-quality rivet joint. A hole that is too large will weaken the shear and tensile properties of the rivets.
As a rule, when creating such a connection, the rivet will be deformed not on the back surface of the materials being joined, but directly inside the joint, which will lead to swelling and delamination of the materials being joined. To get the best result, we recommend that you check the diameter of the hole for your rivet in the manufacturer’s catalog.
If it is necessary to obtain a smooth joint surface, use a countersunk rivet. To do this, the hole must be processed with a countersink for the countersunk head of the rivet. The rivet is installed flush with the surface of the materials being joined, forming a flat surface at the junction.
Before installing the rivet, thoroughly clean the holes - chips and burrs around and inside the hole are unacceptable.
— Access to the rivet installation site.
As you work on your project, keep in mind that in order to install the rivet, you need to provide access for the rivet tool. When planning places for installing rivets, it is necessary to avoid corners, narrow channels and other places that make it difficult for the riveting tool to reach.
If such situations cannot be avoided, special tools for installing blind rivets in hard-to-reach places will come to the rescue. In addition, almost every serious manufacturer of riveting equipment has special equipment for such cases.
Typically, this accessory is compatible with standard tools and can be purchased separately.
Now that the preparatory part of the work is completed and we have decided on the choice of rivet, we will consider several situations that may arise during the installation of the rivet.
| If it is necessary to fasten a thin part to a thicker one, try to install the rivets on the side of the thinner material, so that the reverse head is formed on the side of the thicker, and therefore more durable, part. If this is not possible, place a washer of the appropriate diameter on the side of the thinner material - this will protect the surface from deformation and allow you to create a more durable connection. |
| In the case of fastening a part made of soft material to a harder surface, it is best to use a blind rivet with an enlarged shoulder, and the reverse head should be formed on the side of the harder material. If this is not possible, place a washer of the appropriate diameter on the soft material side - this will create a more reliable connection. In addition, expansion and flap rivets are available for joining soft materials. |
| For connecting fragile parts, plastic, expansion and leaf rivets are best suited. In cases where the plastic parts being connected have sufficient strength, the use of standard blind rivets is quite acceptable. |
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| To create a dust- and waterproof connection, closed-type blind rivets are used, or, as they are also called, “blind” blind rivets. This type of rivet completely “seals” the hole, preventing dust, moisture and fumes from entering the joint. |
| Since quite a lot of force is required to install the rivet, connection A in the image cannot be considered satisfactory. Connections B and C are a more suitable way to solve the same problem. To create a stronger connection, use high-strength or reinforced rivets. |
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| To obtain a riveted connection that is optimal in terms of strength, it should be remembered that the distance from the rivet axis to the edge of the material being joined should not be less than two rivet diameters. In nodes where the strength of the connection is not of great importance, the distance to the edge of the material may be less. |
9. Axial clearance on the reverse side of the working surfaceThe axial clearance is the distance from the shoulder of the rivet to the head of its shank minus the thickness of the materials being joined. When designing a connection, it is necessary to provide the axial clearance necessary for the correct formation of the return head. |
| Because soft materials tend to compress, they generally cannot provide the rigidity required to install a threaded connection. In this case, it is recommended to use special bushings for installing blind rivets as additional support. |
| Due to their peculiarity, namely the possibility of one-sided installation, blind rivets are often used to connect various types of profiles. When working with a profile, try to calculate the connection in such a way that the reverse head of the rivet is formed on the side of the profile closest to the material being joined, without involving additional sections. |
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| When connecting a tube to a plate, the best result will be achieved if the tube has a flat surface on one side, as shown in sketch C. If the tube is completely round, the connection will also be reliable, although slightly less strong (sketch B). At the same time, try to avoid connections in which the rivet will pass through both walls of the tube (sketch A) - such connections are the least reliable. |
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Source: https://irivet.ru/blog/2015/09/24/blindrivet-setting
