How to drill concrete, metal, tile and wood
Drilling a hole in the wall may seem like a piece of cake. However, if you choose the wrong tool for a particular surface material, the drill may become dull or even break, and scratches and cracks may appear on the surface. To prevent this from happening, you need to know certain nuances of doing the work. How to drill, how to properly prepare the surface and select a drill, we will consider further.
The tool must be held correctly in your hands. The drill should be positioned straight and enter the surface in a vertical direction. To make drilling easier and more accurate, you can use an additional handle, which usually comes with the drill.
Based on what type of surface you are working with, you need to select the material and size of the drill and determine the operating mode of the tool.
Here is the main principle of how to drill correctly: the material of the cutting tool must be harder than the material of the surface being drilled. Imagine the following situation. Let's say you decide to drill into a concrete wall using a drill bit designed for wood. You can rest assured that nothing good will come of this, and you will have to throw away the drill. Therefore, the type and material of the drill must be carefully selected for each type of surface.
Drilling a concrete wall
1. Selecting a drill. If the surface is brick, stone or concrete, you need to use a carbide drill. Typically, pobedit drills are used for such purposes. They do not cut the material, but turn it into crumbs, so they are ideal for concrete or stone walls.
But they are not intended for making holes in plastic, wood or steel. If you try to drill a wooden wall with a Pobedit drill, the wood fibers will break and the hole will be ugly, sloppy and larger in diameter than necessary.
You won't be able to drill through steel with this drill at all.
Drill, hammer drill and concrete bit.
2. Surface preparation. Before drilling a wall, you need to make sure that there are no electrical wiring, heating or water pipes in this section of the wall. For this purpose, it is most convenient to use a metal detector. It reacts both to iron and steel objects, and to objects made of non-ferrous metals. Using a metal detector, you can find out where electrical cables run and determine how deep you can drill.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjueKzIhTVs
Holes with a diameter of less than 13 mm are made with a drill, and wider holes with a hammer drill. However, several large holes can be drilled with a drill if its chuck is suitable for a conical drill with a diameter of 13 mm.
3. Drilling process. First you need to outline where the hole will be made.
It doesn’t matter whether you use an impact drill or a hammer drill, in some cases, to start drilling, you need to switch the device to a simple drilling mode without impacts and make a hole at low speeds.
This makes it easier to start drilling, the drill will not jump around the surface and you will be able to drill more accurately. And after you have marked the location of the future hole, you can switch to impact mode and add speed.
If you are using plastic dowels, the hole should be deeper than the length of the dowel. As a rule, during the drilling process, a certain amount of crushed material in the form of dust remains in the hole; it is necessary to leave a length margin of 10 mm.
Those who have repeatedly worked with a drill know that holding it in the required position is sometimes difficult. The tool itself has significant weight, in addition to this, vibration occurs and dust flies during operation. To avoid dust getting on the operator and the tool itself, there are special dust collectors on the market today.
. How to drill a wall without dust
1. Drill selection.
To make a neat hole in a metal surface, you should purchase a high-quality metal drill. In this case, you should not use cheap drills, since they will not only not drill through the base, but will also cause a lot of trouble. Therefore, try to buy only proven, high-quality drills from well-known manufacturers. The normal price for a good drill is about 300 rubles.
Types of drills and bits for metal.
2. Surface preparation.
Before drilling metal, it is necessary to punch the middle of the hole so that the drill does not slip off the surface. This work is performed using a center punch, which is a pointed metal rod. The center punch is hit with a hammer, and its tip knocks out a notch in the surface. Thanks to this, the drill can be fixed in one position, and the hole will be correct and neat.
3. Drilling process.
To make a hole in metal whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, it is advisable to use several drills. First, the work is performed with a drill with a small diameter, and then drilled with a large drill to the desired diameter. First, turn on the drill at low speeds, then increase the speed slightly.
To make drilling metal easier, it is advisable to place a board under it. This will make the holes smoother and neater.
When metal is being processed, the drill becomes hot. It is advisable to lubricate it with a special paste or coolant before work. If you don't have it, regular machine oil will do. The exception to this rule is gray cast iron, which is always dry drilled.
To remove the drill from the resulting hole, you need to turn the drill in the opposite direction, if its mechanism has such a function.
Often, for drilling metal, a drill stand is used, to which the tool is attached. In this case, at the beginning of work, it is necessary to press its handle only lightly, and when chips start to flow, the pressure should be increased.
Drill installed in a drill stand.
There is a direct relationship between the thickness of the drill and the number of revolutions of the tool. Remember that the larger the diameter of the drill, the lower the speed. Let's say if you use a drill 4 mm in diameter, the tool speed is about 2400-2800 per minute. If the drill diameter is 6-8 mm, the number of revolutions is much lower - approximately 1200-1300 per minute.
Drilling tiles
1. Drill selection.
There are special drills for working on ceramics and glass. You can replace them with a concrete drill with pobedite surfacing, if you have certain work skills. In this case, the concrete drill should not be very worn.
On the left is a drill for concrete, on the right for tiles.
Drills used for drilling tiles.
2. Surface preparation.
Tile is quite slippery and hard, but at the same time fragile. If you use a regular concrete drill for drilling, it is difficult to do work on tiles, because the drill begins to slip and scratch the base. To avoid problems during the work, a piece of adhesive should be glued to the area where the hole will be made. If you use a special drill for tiles, then you don’t need to do this, the only thing is that if it is dull, it needs to be sharpened.
3. Drilling process.
Now consider how to drill tiles. It is impossible to drill the tile itself using the impact mode, so as not to break off the glaze. First, drill the tiles. In this case, the pressure force should be small. Work is performed at low speeds. After the tile is drilled, the impact mode is turned on and a hole is made in the wall. If the tile was drilled with a special drill for ceramics, then after passing through the tile it is replaced with a drill with a Pobedit tip.
Drilling chipboard and wood
1. Drill selection.
Holes less than 10-12 mm in diameter are usually made with a metal drill. Special drills for wood need to be purchased only when the hole diameter is large enough, or when high demands are placed on the quality of work.
Wood drills come in several types:
- spiral;
- single-stranded (twisted);
- ring (crowns);
- feathers;
- Forstner cylindrical drills.
If transverse drilling is performed, use a center drill, and if longitudinal, use a spiral drill.
Above is a spiral drill, below is a twisted wood drill.
Above are feather drills, below are Forstner drills for wood and chipboard.
Various versions of crowns for drilling large holes in wood.
2. Surface preparation.
A recess is made in the middle of the hole using an awl to prevent the drill from slipping. To prevent chipping after the tool comes out, a block is placed on the back side of the board.
3. Drilling process.
Perform work at low or medium speeds. Chipboard has a particularly fragile structure, so to avoid peeling of the coating, drills with sharp edges are used, and a block is placed under the base.
Source: https://srbu.ru/instrumenty-i-oborudovanie/65-kak-sverlit-beton-metall-kafel-i-drevesinu.html
How to drill metal - Metalworker's Handbook
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Drilling metal with a drill is somewhat more difficult than wood, brick or concrete. There are also some peculiarities.
For convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into step-by-step instructions.
- You will need the following tools: drill, drill, coolant (preferably machine oil, but water can also be used), punch, hammer, safety glasses.
- When drilling metal on a horizontal surface, place a wooden block under the product and fix it as best as possible. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
- We make markings, then use a center punch and a hammer to mark the center of the future hole.
- Pour coolant into a small container.
- We put on safety glasses.
- Let's start drilling. Do not put strong pressure on the drill, because it works better at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term activation is suitable until the tool has time to reach maximum speed.
- Don't forget to cool the drill as often as possible.
- When drilling occurs not strictly perpendicularly, but at an angle, there is a high probability that the drill will jam. If this happens, put the switch in the reverse position. This way you will avoid injury and will not break the drill.
- If you did everything correctly, then even at home, using a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick inclusive and with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. We will talk about more complex tasks below.
Metal drilling work
Is it possible to drill into metal with a concrete drill?
It is possible, but this is in case of extreme necessity for shallow holes with a small diameter. Unprofitable.
It is better to use either standard metal drills with steel grade R6M5 or improved ones - R6M5K5.
The letter K in the marking indicates that this is an alloy with the addition of cobalt. On the market you can find a drill called “Cobalt”. We will not vouch for all manufacturers; we will only note that reviews of practical use in the vast majority of cases are positive.
How to drill with a step drill in metal?
Step drills are universal - just one can make holes of different diameters (from 2 to 40 mm). They are most effective when working with thin metal, when you need to get a neat edge.
They are better fixed in the cartridge, they are easier to sharpen, and therefore, with proper use, they last longer, but they also cost more than usual.
The principles of working with them are the same, but it is easier to drill large-diameter holes than with conventional twist drills.
Is it possible to drill metal with a Pobedit drill?
The principle of operation of drills for metal is to cut, and with pobedite soldering, crush materials. Brick, concrete, and stone are better suited for this. Therefore, as mentioned above, you can, of course, drill metal with a drill for concrete, but it will quickly become unusable and the victorious soldering will be destroyed.
Revolutions
What is the larger hole diameter? the lower the speed should be. The greater the depth? Therefore, you gradually need to reduce the pressure on the drill. With a drill diameter of up to 5 mm, the torque should not be higher than 1200-1500 rpm. Accordingly, 10 mm in diameter - no more than 700 rpm, 15 mm - 400 rpm.
How to drill holes in large diameter metal?
As a rule, most drills for household use have a power from 500 to 800 W, which allows you to drill holes with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm.
How to properly drill metal thicker than 10 mm with an electric drill?
In metal up to 2 mm thick, using step drills you can make holes up to 40 mm. With a thickness of 3 mm, bimetallic crowns are better suited.
Bimetallic crowns have proven themselves when working with stainless and carbon steel and non-ferrous metals. They also work well with multilayer materials such as wood, chipboard, plywood, plastic, plexiglass, slate.
Bimetallic crown
When drilling deep holes with any tool, you may sometimes need a magnet to remove the chips.
Metal drilling process
Particular attention should be paid to safety precautions, be sure to protect your eyes from chips, and if there is distortion and jamming, immediately turn off the drill and change the torque to reverse movement.
In conditions where there is no electricity or when the noise of a working tool can disturb others ( read : when can you make repairs so as not to quarrel with your neighbors?) - the ideal solution for drilling metal would be a hand-held mechanical drill, the so-called brace. Low speed and pressure, no overheating, just what you need. Of course, there are also disadvantages - time-consuming and easy fatigue. In this simple “old-fashioned” way, you can drill holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm.
We hope our tips will be useful to you.
More information in this video.
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- Mecutoil lubricating and cooling fluid Manufacturer: Karnasch (Germany) Professional coolant for drilling and cutting metal. Concentrate for dilution with water. 5% emulsion - for normal steel and non-ferrous metals, 10% emulsion - for stainless and high-alloy steel, in difficult conditions can be used in a 50/50 ratio, as well as undiluted. Read more >>>
- Cutting fluid IVKAT Manufacturer: Vector (Russia) Coolant Ivkat TU 0258-141-05744685-95 is a semi-synthetic water-soluble cutting fluid for metalworking operations. Used to reduce temperature, processing power parameters and wear of cutting tools, dies and rolls. Blade and abrasive processing of cast iron, steel, aluminum and copper alloys. Read more >>>
- Spray for drilling Fein Manufacturer: Fein (Germany) Highly effective aerosol Fein for lubrication and cooling of cutting tools. Spray can 300 ml. RUR 1,623 Read more >>>
- Fein paste for drilling and cutting metal Manufacturer: Fein (Germany) Paste in a 300 ml aerosol can, used for cutting and sawing sheet metal. RUR 1,357 Read more >>>
- Lubricating and cooling aerosol Mecutspray Manufacturer: Karnasch (Germany) Coolant - Mecutspray aerosol. Does not contain freon, biodegradable composition - an environmentally friendly product for lubrication and cooling when drilling and cutting ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Read more >>>
- Lubricating and cooling soft lubricant Manufacturer: Karnasch (Germany) Universal paste for metalworking. Ideal for use in overhead drilling of non-ferrous metals and all grades of steel. Does not contain chlorine compounds. Read more >>>
- Lubricating and cooling wax Manufacturer: Karnasch (Germany) Special wax for non-ferrous metals. Ideal in conditions where splashing is not acceptable or when working overhead. Read more >>>
- Coolant pump Manufacturer: Karnasch (Germany) Coolant supply container More details >>>
The drilling procedure can easily be called one of the most important metal processing technologies.
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The main purpose of drilling is to produce mounting and technical holes of various diameters, depths and shapes, thread cutting, counterbore and countersinking. This procedure is carried out on drilling machines of various sizes and configurations. The MTS Center company also produces stuffed oil seals.
Using the drilling method, carried out on modern equipment, and the use of special tools, various operations are performed, among which the following can be distinguished:
· Drilling cylindrical holes;
· Drilling holes with an oval or multifaceted configuration;
· Drilling, countersinking and even grinding existing holes.
Drilling technology involves the possibility of producing both blind and through holes in metal structures of various sizes and shapes.
At the same time, using special equipment equipped with CNC, it is possible to ensure high accuracy of holes and prepare a product, for example a sliding support, for subsequent assembly or further operations prescribed in the technological process.
This method is used for processing products or workpieces made from various types of steel and cast iron. Naturally, for each material, a cutting tool (drill, countersink, reamer), as well as processing modes, lubrication and other parameters are individually selected.
This type of metalworking, such as drilling, is indispensable in various fields of industry, ranging from small enterprises engaged in small-scale production of components for equipment, and in large factories that have a full production cycle for a certain range of products. The processing accuracy, as well as the characteristics of the holes produced by drilling, directly depend on the machines, tools and technologies used.
Source: https://ssk2121.com/kak-sverlit-metall/
Cone and step drills for metal, their differences, purpose and application
A good craftsman should know what smooth conical and stepped metal drills are intended for. If this is the first time you’ve heard about this type of cutting equipment, then it’s time to understand the purpose, types and design features. Step cone drills replace a series of cutting attachments, so having the equipment is always useful.
What is a cone drill and what are they for?
A cone drill is an attachment for a power tool, consisting of two parts - a cone-shaped tip and a cylindrical or hexagonal shank. Devices are classified into two types - smooth and stepped. A smooth conical drill has a wall shape corresponding to the design, and a stepped drill has the shape of steps.
Cone-shaped elements are used for drilling round holes in different materials - metal, wood, plastic. For such purposes, cylindrical drills are used, you say. So why are cone devices needed? They are used for drilling holes in sheet steel, as well as similar structures made of non-ferrous metals - aluminum, copper and brass. The presence of one conical drill replaces a whole set of cylindrical cutting devices - this is the main difference.
!Cone drills can be used exclusively for drilling thin-sheet materials with a thickness of no more than 5-6 mm. Moreover, this is not only metal, but also plastic, wood, etc. The use of the nozzle eliminates the possibility of burrs forming during drilling operations, and the prepared holes are also polished at the same time.
Differences between a smooth conical and a stepped drill
Before we find out the scope and advantages of cone devices, let’s look at their varieties. Smoothing elements in the form of a cone drill thin sheet steel, gradually increasing the size of the hole. To drill a hole of the required diameter with such a drill, you need to periodically stop and take measurements. Some manufacturers of smooth-bore cone drills eliminate this drawback by applying digital markings.
Stepped elements allow you to drill a hole with greater accuracy due to the presence of degrees. When drilling, there is a smooth transition through the steps, and as a result, the operator can easily track what diameter the hole has. It should be noted that cone drills are quite expensive. Their price ranges from 2 thousand rubles or more.
It all depends on the material of manufacture, as well as the size of the holes being drilled. Many people may think that cone devices are completely useless equipment from China until they test the cutting tool in action.
Craftsmen openly declare that if frequent drilling of thin-sheet materials is necessary, it is recommended to use conical cutting attachments.
Where are cone drills used?
Cone drills are used for drilling holes of different diameters in thin sheet materials. Moreover, the resulting holes are distinguished by such advantages as evenness and accuracy without scoring, chips or burrs.
You can drill through thin-sheet material with a regular cylindrical drill, but the quality of the work will suffer and the task will also become more complicated. For example, the slightest deviation of the drill from the surface will result in a triangular or oval hole rather than a round one.
In addition, burrs, scuffs and chips are formed, which ultimately negatively affects the quality of the work performed.
The use of conical drills can significantly simplify the work, eliminating all the disadvantages of cylindrical devices. Due to its advantages, the equipment has found its application in various fields:
- Automotive and repair
- Landscape design
- Construction
- Installation of plumbing equipment
- Installation of electrical installations
The device is not effective in situations where you have to drill holes in materials whose thickness is more than 10 mm.
!When drilling sheet metal, it turns out that on one side the drilled hole has an ideal shape, and on the other it has burrs. It is very easy to correct the situation; to do this, you need to use the nozzle on the reverse side.
What are the advantages of cone drills?
Like all types of cutting tools, cone drills have their own characteristic advantages. The advantages of using the devices in question include:
- Possibility of drilling holes of different diameters using just one nozzle
- Wear resistance - unlike cylindrical elements, conical elements have a long service life. The cutting edges of the nozzles have high strength values, so the device wears out very slowly
- Speed - the nozzle allows you to quickly drill holes, which has a positive effect on its service life. The cutting edges do not have time to heat up, so their quality does not decrease
- There is no need to pre-punch the material, since the tip of the cone drill easily cuts into any metal, even with a dense structure
- At the same time, it plays the role not only of a tool for drilling holes, but also as a grinding material
- Improves the quality and efficiency of drilling thin sheet material
- Eliminates the possibility of deformation of the drilled sheet, which is associated with a smooth transition with increasing diameter
- Possibility of using the attachment not only on stationary drilling equipment, but also on drills
- The presence of abrasive coating increases the strength and efficiency of the equipment. Cone drills can be coated with titanium or diamond
- Does not require frequent sharpening
Cone drills make it possible to drill large-diameter holes, thereby eliminating the need to use metal crowns. This type of cutting attachment is suitable not only for drilling holes in sheet materials, but also corners, pipes, profiles, etc. The main condition is that the thickness of the steel should not be more than 7 mm, and ideally no more than 4 mm.
!The main disadvantage of cone drills is their high price. However, one such expensive attachment can completely replace a full set of cylindrical drills.
Stepped types of nozzles are classified according to the type of edge into spiral and straight. The straight edge design has the advantage of being easier to sharpen than the spiral edge design. Spiral types of edges are characterized by softness and smooth movement of the drilling device.
What you need to know to choose a cone drill
In shape and design, conical drills differ significantly from cylindrical ones. Like cylindrical devices, conical devices are similarly fragile and require careful handling. To select cone devices for the appropriate work, you must consider the following recommendations:
- Attachment color - if you are choosing a core drill, then you are probably presented with models that differ in color. If the seller says that there is no difference between the devices, then he does not understand this. The black part indicates that the nozzle has undergone additional heat treatment. Such devices have a long service life. The golden color means that the nozzle is coated with titanium nitride, which increases its strength properties. Steel-colored products do not have any coating, and they are not subjected to heat treatment, therefore, compared to previous options, they last the least
- Marking - indicated directly on the outside of the equipment (on the shank). By the marking you can understand what the nozzle is made of, as well as its diameter and accuracy class. Often the marking begins with a letter designation, and begins with the letter “P”. This letter indicates that high-speed, high-strength alloy steel is used to produce the cone drill. After the first letter, the second letter with a numerical value is indicated. The number indicates the percentage of the alloy, for example, M - molybdenum, F - vanadium, K - cobalt, A - nitrogen. The marking also contains the designation of the minimum and maximum diameter, as well as the accuracy class. Equipment with a diameter of up to 2 mm is not marked. The drill may be marked HSS type, which means high-speed steel
The marking after the HSS designation may also indicate additional information:
- HSS-E is a high-speed steel, which is an analogue of the domestic material P6M5. Designed to work with low carbon steels and cast iron, as well as hard alloy and stainless steel devices
- HSS-Co - 5% cobalt is added to the alloy
- HSS-G TiN - sustainable materials for processing titanium products
To work with conical drills, stationary drilling machines or two-handed drills are used. How to properly drill holes with cone drills is described in detail in the material.
!To obtain a perfectly even hole on both sides of the material, it is necessary to take into account the size of the steps. Typically, the size of each step does not exceed 3-4 mm, so you can get a high-quality hole by using the appropriate thickness of the workpiece.
To learn how to drill correctly with cone drills, you must first prepare the necessary tools and materials. For work you will need the following materials and tools:
After this, we proceed to the actual work. The drilling instructions are as follows:
It is enough to try the attachment in action once and then stop using cylindrical drills when processing sheet materials. How a conical drill shows itself in action when drilling plastic, plexiglass, metal and other materials is shown in the video clip.
Source: https://moiinstrumentu.ru/konusnye-i-stupenchatye-sverla-dlja-metalla-ih-otlichija-naznachenie-i-primenenie.html
How to drill metal correctly? — Machine tools, welding, metalworking
Metal drilling is one of the many operations that is often performed during metalworking. Drilling is performed for various dismountable/non-separable connections when a certain hole diameter is required for rivet, bolt or stud fasteners.
Metal itself is a highly durable material, so when working with it, regardless of whether you need to drill or cut through it, you use cutting tools that are much stronger than it.
Drilling of metal parts can be done both in special industrial workshops and at home when carrying out various repair work, in a garage or small workshop.
For home drilling, a hand-held electric drill is usually used.
Drilling technology
Drilling holes in metal workpieces or parts is a specific technology for removing thin numerous layers of metal with a drill rotating around its axis. In this case, the main condition for drilling is to keep the drill, fixed in the drill chuck, clearly perpendicular to the workpiece being drilled.
This is especially important when drilling thick metal. If during operation the drill deviates relative to the axis of the hole being drilled, it will simply break. To prevent this from happening, the drill must be firmly fixed. For this purpose, special devices are provided that you can buy at a tool store or make yourself.
Drilling modes
When working with a drill, it is important not only to secure it firmly, but also to choose the optimal mode of its rotation . When processing metal, an important factor remains the number of revolutions made by the drill over a certain period of time and the force that is transmitted to it during this time to ensure penetration into the metal.
For working with metals of different hardness, drills designed for different operating modes are also recommended. The speed of rotation of the drill directly depends on the thickness and hardness of the metal, as well as the diameter of the drill itself. The stronger the material being processed and the larger the diameter of the drill, the slower the drilling mode should be. An indicator of a correctly selected mode is long, spiral-shaped chips.
Core marking, template and jig
You can drill through the metal according to the markings made with a core, use a template or a special jig.
A core is a sharpened metal pin made of heavy-duty steel. With its help, a small recess for the drill is made on the metal part prepared for drilling in the place where it is planned to drill a hole.
To do this, the core is placed with its sharp end at the intended drilling point, after which a strong blow is applied to it with a hammer. The tip of the drill is inserted into the recess left by the core and drilling begins, and at the beginning of work the drill will no longer be able to move away from the marked point.
To mark the center of a cylindrical workpiece, experienced mechanics often use a strip of tin bent at 90 degrees. In this case, one shoulder must correspond to the diameter of the workpiece; it is applied to the workpiece, after which a line is drawn with a pencil along its edge. The operation is carried out 2-3 times, and the point of intersection of the lines will indicate the center of the cylinder, where a core can be used to make a recess for the drill.
The template is made to mark blanks of the same type, on which several points for drilling are marked. It is very convenient when you need to work with several sheet metal parts that are placed in a common stack and secured together with a clamp.
In cases where high accuracy and perpendicularity of the drilled channel is required or the distance between several holes must be strictly maintained, it is recommended to use a jig . Also, a jig will be necessary when working with thin-walled pipes, when it will be impossible to make a hole for the drill using a core.
When deep drilling, special devices are used to firmly fix the drill in a perpendicular position to the workpiece.
Drilling accessories
Working with metal is a rather labor-intensive process even for experienced professionals. Sometimes you need to hold the drill in strictly one position towards the workpiece for a long time. To make work easier and drill metal efficiently, a right-angle drilling device is used.
There are three types of such devices:
Drill guide
This device is in the form of a box with guide bushings installed inside, which are made of heavy-duty steel that is resistant to drills. The jig can be used for almost all drill diameters up to 20 mm. After installing this device above the center of the intended hole, the drill will no longer move away from its axis
The jig is convenient to use for working with pipes of small diameter, when it is impossible to use a core for marking.
Guide clamp for drill
This mechanism is designed to hold the drill stationary during operation. It consists of two posts, rigidly attached to the sole in the form of a large circle. moves along the racks , There, on the racks, under the drill locking mechanism, there are return springs.
As the drill deepens into the metal, under the force of the master, they compress, but as soon as the force stops, the springs straighten, and the mechanism holding the drill rises along the racks to its original position.
Drill Holder
Essentially, this is a simplified vertical drilling machine, but with minimal functions.
It consists of a massive flat sole (platform) and a rigid rod attached to it. The rod is fixed to the platform at a strictly right angle. It also contains a movable carriage with a mount for holding the drill, and a handle for controlling it.
The workpiece is secured to the platform using clamps or a vice. The master lowers the carriage with the drill down by the handle and holds it during the entire drilling process.
Types of holes and methods for drilling them
Drilled holes in metal can be:
- Completely end-to-end.
- Muffled.
- Deep.
- With a large diameter.
Through holes: pierce the workpiece completely through. The peculiarity of this process is to protect the surface of the workbench on which the workpiece is located from damage when the drill leaves the part. This may damage the cutting tool itself. To prevent this from happening, you can use:
- Workbenches with holes.
- Place a thick wooden spacer under the workpiece.
- Place the part on two metal or wooden beams.
- At the final stage of drilling, reduce the force on the drill and reduce its rotation speed.
The latter method should usually be used when drilling on site so that nearby parts are not damaged.
Blind holes: this type of drilling is not performed using the through method, but only to a set depth. The drilling depth limitation is set in the following ways:
- Using a bushing stop.
- Chuck adjusting stop.
- A ruler attached to a machine or drill.
- Other ways of combining in the form of various gaskets between the drill and the workpiece.
Modern machines are equipped with automatic feeding of the drill to a given depth, after which the work stops.
Drilling deep holes : A lathe is usually used for this. Moreover, if a cylindrical part is processed, it is not the drill that rotates, but the workpiece itself. During operation, the drill must be constantly cooled, and chips must be forcibly removed from the pass being processed.
Source: https://stanki-info.com/kak-pravilno-sverlit-metall/
How to drill metal correctly? — Metals, equipment, instructions
Drilling a hole in the wall may seem like a piece of cake. However, if you choose the wrong tool for a particular surface material, the drill may become dull or even break, and scratches and cracks may appear on the surface. To prevent this from happening, you need to know certain nuances of doing the work. How to drill, how to properly prepare the surface and select a drill, we will consider further.
The tool must be held correctly in your hands. The drill should be positioned straight and enter the surface in a vertical direction. To make drilling easier and more accurate, you can use an additional handle, which usually comes with the drill.
Based on what type of surface you are working with, you need to select the material and size of the drill and determine the operating mode of the tool.
Here is the main principle of how to drill correctly: the material of the cutting tool must be harder than the material of the surface being drilled. Imagine the following situation. Let's say you decide to drill into a concrete wall using a drill bit designed for wood. You can rest assured that nothing good will come of this, and you will have to throw away the drill. Therefore, the type and material of the drill must be carefully selected for each type of surface.
Drilling metal
1. Selecting a drill. To make a neat hole in a metal surface, you should purchase a high-quality metal drill. In this case, you should not use cheap drills, since they will not only not drill through the base, but will also cause a lot of trouble. Therefore, try to buy only proven, high-quality drills from well-known manufacturers. The normal price for a good drill is about 300 rubles.
Types of drills and bits for metal.
2. Surface preparation. Before drilling metal, it is necessary to punch the middle of the hole so that the drill does not slip off the surface. This work is performed using a center punch, which is a pointed metal rod. The center punch is hit with a hammer, and its tip knocks out a notch in the surface. Thanks to this, the drill can be fixed in one position, and the hole will be correct and neat.
3. Drilling process. To make a hole in metal whose thickness exceeds 5 mm, it is advisable to use several drills. First, the work is performed with a drill with a small diameter, and then drilled with a large drill to the desired diameter. First, turn on the drill at low speeds, then increase the speed slightly.
To make drilling metal easier, it is advisable to place a board under it. This will make the holes smoother and neater.
When metal is being processed, the drill becomes hot. It is advisable to lubricate it with a special paste or coolant before work. If you don't have it, regular machine oil will do. The exception to this rule is gray cast iron, which is always dry drilled.
To remove the drill from the resulting hole, you need to turn the drill in the opposite direction, if its mechanism has such a function.
Often, for drilling metal, a drill stand is used, to which the tool is attached. In this case, at the beginning of work, it is necessary to press its handle only lightly, and when chips start to flow, the pressure should be increased.
Drill installed in a drill stand.
There is a direct relationship between the thickness of the drill and the number of revolutions of the tool. Remember that the larger the diameter of the drill, the lower the speed. Let's say if you use a drill 4 mm in diameter, the tool speed is about 2400-2800 per minute. If the drill diameter is 6-8 mm, the number of revolutions is much lower - approximately 1200-1300 per minute.
How to drill metal
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Drilling metal with a drill is somewhat more difficult than wood, brick or concrete. There are also some peculiarities.
For convenience, we have combined practical advice on this type of work into step-by-step instructions.
- You will need the following tools: drill, drill, coolant (preferably machine oil, but water can also be used), punch, hammer, safety glasses.
- When drilling metal on a horizontal surface, place a wooden block under the product and fix it as best as possible. When working in a vertical position, rigid fixation is extremely important, since drilling must be strictly perpendicular.
- We make markings, then use a center punch and a hammer to mark the center of the future hole.
- Pour coolant into a small container.
- We put on safety glasses.
- Let's start drilling. Do not put strong pressure on the drill, because it works better at low speeds. If the drill is powerful, then the method of short-term activation is suitable until the tool has time to reach maximum speed.
- Don't forget to cool the drill as often as possible.
- When drilling occurs not strictly perpendicularly, but at an angle, there is a high probability that the drill will jam. If this happens, put the switch in the reverse position. This way you will avoid injury and will not break the drill.
- If you did everything correctly, then even at home, using a low-power drill, you can drill a hole in metal up to 5 mm thick inclusive and with a diameter of up to 10-12 mm. We will talk about more complex tasks below.
Metal drilling work
How to drill metal with a drill - detailed step-by-step instructions
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The drilling procedure can easily be called one of the most important metal processing technologies.
How to drill metal correctly with a drill
In the repair industry, the ability to drill correctly is one of the basic skills. In addition to the general rules, it is important to take into account all the nuances when working with a specific material: concrete, tile, metal, etc. All issues related to drilling will be covered in this article.
- Choosing an electric drill: which one is better?
- How to remove a drill from a hammer drill
As already mentioned, drilling is the most common activity for a repairman, and therefore it is important to immediately learn a few basic rules associated with this activity.
- Use of suitable tools. There are many drills, each of which is designed for a specific type of material. Therefore, you should not try to drill concrete with a wood drill and vice versa. It is also important to consider the conditions in which the tool will be used. For example, industrial drills cannot be used for interior repairs (this is simply unsafe). It is also important to take into account resistance to moisture: for outdoor work you will need a tool of class IP34 if the climate in the area is humid and IP32 if you have to work in good weather. IPX2/ can be used indoors
- Correct markup. Before starting any work, it is important to carefully and accurately mark the drilling locations with a marker. You can also put paper tape under the marker to prevent the drill from slipping on the material.
- Selecting the required drilling speed. Here everything depends equally on both the material and the diameter of the blade. If we are talking about very thin drills (with a diameter of less than 3 mm), then you need to work at low speeds, less than four hundred per minute. For other drills, the following rule applies: the thinner the drill, the higher the drilling speed required.
It is also important to ensure that the handle is securely attached to the shaft of the hand drill. The drill must also not be allowed to skew.
How to drill metal correctly + ()
The first thing to start with is the selection of drills. They are distinguished by a sharp edge designed to allow the drill to easily penetrate the metal. Regular metal drills are good for not too hard metals like copper or aluminum, but for something harder (for example, stainless steel) you need to take products made of titanium carbide or chrome-vanadium alloy.
We should also talk about optimal speeds. A common mistake beginners make is using too many turns. In fact, for hard metals, medium speeds are used: for example, brass one centimeter thick will be optimally drilled at a speed of 2000-2500 rpm.
There are a few more points to cover. So:
- If a thin iron plate needs to be drilled, it must be secured between two pieces of wood. This is done so that the sheet of metal does not tear off.
- It is necessary to use lubricating oil from time to time to cool the drill and facilitate the drilling process.
- If you need to make a hole in the pipe, it must be securely fastened. To prevent the pipe from being flattened by the drill, a piece of hard wood should be placed inside.
If you follow these simple rules, then even a beginner will be able to perform high-quality drilling.
How to drill concrete walls + ()
In everyday life, you have to drill into walls most often, because without this it is impossible to hang a shelf, a cabinet, or install a cornice. Of course, it is better to use a hammer drill or impact drill for this purpose.
These tools are powerful enough to handle hard materials like concrete or brick. However, if the wall thickness does not exceed 10-12 cm, then you can get by with a regular drill.
But you shouldn’t take risks if you only have a low-power tool at your disposal - if it comes into contact with concrete, it can simply break. If the drill is selected correctly, then the following tips will be useful:
- Before starting work, you should make sure that there are no pipes or other communication systems in the drilling area.
- The drills used for such work must be made of hard metals or alloys. The best option would be diamond-coated drills.
- If during drilling you come across too dense areas of concrete, they need to be punched out using a small hammer and a pin (punch).
Although it is generally possible to drill through a concrete wall with a drill, it should still be done with caution. Otherwise, the damage can be quite serious. It is better to use specialized tools for this.
How to work with tiles using a drill + ()
Often people who do not have extensive experience in the field of repairs are afraid to drill into such a fragile material as tiles. However, this can become an urgent necessity, because you need something to attach various cabinets and shelves in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet.
Alas, in many respects the condition of the tile after drilling is determined not by the master who takes up the drill, but by the one who laid the tile. A competent tiler lays the tiles so that no voids form between the tiles and the wall. In this case, careful drilling will not harm the tile in any way.
If there are “air pockets” between the wall and the tile, then most likely the tile will crack.
In order to properly drill through the tiles, you need to take a drill, masking tape, or a hammer drill (or a powerful drill with drill bits for concrete). Next you will need to perform the following steps:
- The drilling location is marked with a piece of masking tape and a marker. The tape is here to prevent the nail from sliding on the surface of the tile.
- Drilling is carried out strictly perpendicular to the material. The number of revolutions should increase gradually: from the minimum possible to 150-200 revolutions per minute. This way you can avoid damage to both the material and the tool.
- It is important to ensure that the drill does not overheat. If smoke starts coming out, the drill needs to be cooled down immediately.
Once the holes are made, you can insert dowels into them. This is done with a hammer.
Drilling cast iron - how to do it correctly + ()
Cast iron is a fairly hard material, so drilling it is very, very difficult. In addition, cast iron products are fragile, so it is important not to crumble them. Like other materials, cast iron has its own subtleties when it comes to drilling.
- There's no rush. This is perhaps the most important rule when working with cast iron. Everything must be done slowly, with extreme care and attention.
- The drill must be made of a very hard and durable alloy, in addition, it must be perfectly sharpened. To prevent cast iron from crumbling, you need to take drills with an angle of 114-119 degrees.
- It is unacceptable for the drill to overheat. Sometimes they don’t pay attention to the fact that the instrument is overheated. And this can lead to poor quality work or even breakdown.
How to carefully drill through wood + ()
Wood is one of the “easiest” materials when working with a drill. However, there are some subtleties here too.
- The drilling speed directly depends on the type of wood. Loose, not too hard types of wood will be suitable even for a low-power device. Of course, the expected diameter of the hole also plays a role - the larger it is, the more powerful the drill is needed.
- In order to make large holes, you need to use special core drills. Their diameter can exceed 120 mm. As for depth, on average crowns are suitable for materials up to 20-22 mm thick, but there are also special models that can cope with thicknesses of more than 60 mm.
- If you need to make a blind hole rather than a through hole, then Forstner drills, which are available in diameters from 1 to 5 cm, are perfect for this.
We should also talk about drilling timber. Although it is convenient to fix it for further drilling, the large thickness of the material creates certain difficulties. Drilling timber for further fastening in the dowel holes. For a standard beam 18 cm thick, it would be best to take a drill with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 36 cm.
You will need to drill slowly, at low speeds. In terms of power, a 1300-1500 W drill is perfect. If the beam is not very long, then two holes on each side will be enough. If the length of the beam for the dowels is long enough, then it will be necessary to make an additional hole in the center.
After the holes are made, you can drive the dowels into them using a hammer or small sledgehammer.
At what speed should you drill?
One of the important parameters when drilling is the number of revolutions per minute. The speed at which you need to drill depends on the type of material and the type of drill. There is a general rule: the harder the material and the thicker the joint, the lower the number of revolutions per minute should be. As for the specific numbers, they can be seen in the table below.
| drill diameter, mm | soft wood | solid wood | plastic (acrylic) | copper | aluminum | steel | Notes |
| 1.5-4.8 | 3000 | 3000 | 2500 | 3000 | 3000 | 3000 | When drilling metal thicker than 3 cm, lubricate the drill thoroughly with oil. |
| 6.4-9.5 | 3000 | 1500 | 2000 | 120 | 2500 | 1000 | |
| 11.1-15.9 | 1500 | 750 | 1500 | 750 | 1500 | 600 |
Source: https://steelfactoryrus.com/kak-pravilno-sverlit-metall-drelyu/
