Soldering temperature table for polypropylene pipes - Pipes and plumbing
The temperature connection of polypropylene (PP) pipe products is carried out quickly, forming a sealed joint with a long service life. Thanks to this feature, the welding method and polypropylene pipes themselves have become widespread among home craftsmen who install pipelines for various functional purposes with their own hands.
However, despite its apparent ease, the welding process requires not only practical skills, but also knowledge of certain information, such as the soldering temperature of polypropylene pipes, the heating period, and the cooling time of the joint until it reaches operational strength.
To help those who for the first time decided to install a pipeline (heating circuit) with polypropylene pipes with their own hands, the article will reflect the most significant information regarding this process.
Existing methods for connecting PP pipes
One of the ways to connect plastic pipe products is cold welding. The essence of the technology is the preliminary application of a special substance to the joining polymer surfaces, which temporarily chemically liquefies the plastic.
After connecting the plastic parts, the material acquires its original hardness, but during this period a hermetically sealed fusion of the surfaces occurs.
Cold welding has not found widespread use, although in some cases it helps to solder pipeline elements in hard-to-reach places or where there is no access to an electric current source.
Thermal methods for soldering PP pipes have become more widespread. These include:
- welding using thermoelectric fittings;
- diffuse soldering.
Both methods of joining polypropylene pipe products are based on the temperature melting of the joining surfaces with their subsequent fusion during the cooling process. The only difference is in the technological approach. Let's look at each of the methods in more detail.
Soldering with thermoelectric fittings
Such connecting elements for forming joints between sections of PP pipelines are designed in such a way that their body contains coils of a heating coil, which extends to the outer surface with electrical terminals. When electric current passes through the spiral, the inner surface of the thermoelectric fitting is heated to a certain temperature, which promotes the melting of the plastic surfaces with their subsequent reliable fusion.
The use of thermoelectric fittings for the construction of household pipe communications is limited. The reasons for this are the high cost of connecting elements, the need to purchase expensive equipment and the availability of special knowledge that allows skilled soldering in this way.
In addition, for soldering small-diameter pipes (16, 20, 25, 32 mm), mainly used for household pipework, there is a simpler, less expensive, and yet reliable method of welding polypropylene, which will be discussed below.
Using thermoelectric fittings, large pipelines (large diameter) are connected and the work is carried out by specialized organizations that have access to this type of activity.
Diffuse welding of PP products
This is exactly the soldering method that is widely used for installing household polypropylene communications. The technology is based on the simultaneous temperature melting of joining surfaces followed by their tight connection. The molecules of the molten polymer penetrate each other (diffuse), forming a continuous monolithic compound.
To melt the polymer surfaces of joining parts (pipes and fittings), a special electric soldering iron is used. The device has a sword-shaped (cylindrical in some models) protrusion, which is the heating element. The soldering iron kit includes double-sided nozzles for certain sizes of pipes and corresponding connecting parts that are installed on the heated ledge.
It is possible to simultaneously install several nozzles if you need to work with sections of PP pipeline of different cross-sections. The heating device is equipped with a graduated thermostat that allows you to set the required temperature of the nozzles and lights that indicate that the soldering iron is connected to the mains and is ready for use. Nozzles for melting plastic products are coated with a Teflon layer that prevents the molten polymer from sticking.
The advantages that made the diffuse soldering method of PP pipes popular are the following factors:
- low cost of equipment and materials (pipes, connecting and transition elements);
- the possibility of forming sealed, durable pipeline joints;
- ease and high speed of assembling household pipe circuits with your own hands of any complexity and configuration;
- ability to work simultaneously with connected elements of different diameters.
Technical parameters of soldering PP products
In addition to the practical nuances that come with experience working with your own hands, when doing diffuse welding it is important to comply with some technological requirements that allow you to consistently obtain a reliable connection of pipeline elements.
These include the welding time of polypropylene pipes, the period of their fixed fixation after inserting the pipe into the fitting, cooling time and some other parameters that differ for products of different diameters.
Below is a table for pipes with a cross-section most often used for domestic water distribution and heating circuits.
The heating time and other technical parameters of the process indicated in the table are valid when heating polypropylene parts to 260-280˚C and an ambient temperature ranging from 15˚C to 20˚C.
Tools required to solder PP pipeline
To assemble a polypropylene pipeline using the diffuse soldering method, you will need the following tools:
- electric soldering iron with an attached set of double-sided tips of different diameters (16, 20, 25 mm);
- pipe cutter (special pipe shears);
- a file for cleaning burrs and roughness on the cut end of the pipe;
- measuring construction tape;
- marker.
As for the materials, in addition to pipes of the required diameter, connecting and shut-off valves, transition elements, you will need rags made of natural fabric (linen, cotton) and a degreasing liquid (white spirit, ethyl alcohol, acetone).
Having prepared the necessary materials and tools, you can proceed to the practical implementation of the process of welding a PP pipeline, based on the instructions given below.
Do-it-yourself soldering of polypropylene pipe products, instructions
So it is necessary to solder polypropylene pipes using the diffuse method after heating with a special soldering iron. By following the rules specified in the instructions provided, you will be able to achieve the formation of reliable PP pipeline connections with your own hands.
Source: https://trubyisantehnika.ru/tablitsa-temperaturyi-payki-polipropilenovyih-trub.html
Soldering temperature of SMD components - Metalworker's Guide
Many people wonder how to properly solder SMD components. But before we deal with this problem, it is necessary to clarify what these elements are. Surface Mounted Devices - translated from English, this expression means surface-mounted components.
Their main advantage is their greater mounting density than conventional parts. This aspect affects the use of SMD elements in the mass production of printed circuit boards, as well as their cost-effectiveness and manufacturability of installation.
Conventional parts with wire-type leads have lost their widespread use along with the rapidly growing popularity of SMD components.
Errors and basic principles of soldering
Some craftsmen claim that soldering such elements with your own hands is very difficult and quite inconvenient. In fact, similar work with VT components is much more difficult. In general, these two types of parts are used in various fields of electronics. However, many people make certain mistakes when soldering SMD components at home.
The main problem that hobbyists face is choosing a thin tip for a soldering iron. This is due to the existence of an opinion that when soldering with a regular soldering iron, you can stain the legs of SMD contacts with tin.
As a result, the soldering process is long and painful. Such a judgment cannot be considered correct, since in these processes the capillary effect, surface tension, and wetting force play a significant role.
Ignoring these extra tricks makes it difficult to do the DIY job.
To properly solder SMD components, you must follow certain steps. To begin, apply the soldering iron tip to the legs of the taken element. As a result, the temperature begins to rise and the tin begins to melt, which eventually completely flows around the leg of this component.
This process is called wetting force. At the same instant, tin flows under the leg, which is explained by the capillary effect. Along with wetting the leg, a similar action occurs on the board itself. The result is a uniformly filled bundle of boards with legs.
Contact of the solder with adjacent legs does not occur due to the fact that the tension force begins to act, forming individual drops of tin. It is obvious that the described processes occur on their own, with only a small participation of the soldering iron, who only heats the legs of the part with a soldering iron. When working with very small elements, they may stick to the soldering iron tip. To prevent this from happening, both sides are soldered separately.
Factory soldering
This process occurs on the basis of a group method. Soldering of SMD components is carried out using a special solder paste, which is evenly distributed in a thin layer onto the prepared printed circuit board, where there are already contact pads.
This application method is called silk-screen printing. The material used is similar in appearance and consistency to toothpaste. This powder consists of solder to which flux has been added and mixed.
The deposition process is performed automatically as the printed circuit board passes through the conveyor.
Factory soldering of SMD parts
Next, robots installed along the motion belt arrange all the necessary elements in the required order. As the board moves, the parts are firmly held in place due to the sufficient stickiness of the solder paste.
The next step is to heat the structure in a special furnace to a temperature slightly higher than the one at which the solder melts. As a result of such heating, the solder melts and flows around the legs of the components, and the flux evaporates.
This process makes the parts soldered into their seats. After the oven, the board is allowed to cool, and everything is ready.
Required materials and tools
In order to do the work of soldering SMD components with your own hands, you will need to have certain tools and consumables, which include the following:
- soldering iron for soldering SMD contacts;
- tweezers and side cutters;
- an awl or needle with a sharp end;
- solder;
- a magnifying glass or magnifying glass, which is necessary when working with very small parts;
- neutral liquid no-clean flux;
- a syringe with which you can apply flux;
- in the absence of the latter material, you can get by with an alcohol solution of rosin;
- To make soldering easier, craftsmen use a special soldering hair dryer.
Tweezers for installing and removing SMD components
The use of flux is absolutely necessary, and it must be liquid. In this state, this material degreases the working surface and also removes the formed oxides on the metal being soldered.
As a result, an optimal wetting force appears on the solder, and the soldering drop better retains its shape, which facilitates the entire work process and eliminates the formation of “snot.”
Using an alcohol solution of rosin will not allow you to achieve a significant result, and the resulting white coating is unlikely to be removed.
The choice of soldering iron is very important. The best tool is one that allows you to adjust the temperature.
This allows you not to worry about the possibility of damage to parts due to overheating, but this nuance does not apply to moments when you need to desolder SMD components.
Any soldered part can withstand temperatures of about 250–300 ° C, which is ensured by an adjustable soldering iron. If such a device is not available, you can use a similar tool with a power of 20 to 30 W, designed for a voltage of 12–36 V.
Using a 220 V soldering iron will not lead to the best consequences. This is due to the high heating temperature of its tip, under the influence of which the liquid flux quickly evaporates and does not allow the parts to be effectively wetted with solder.
Experts do not recommend using a soldering iron with a conical tip, since it is difficult to apply solder to parts and a lot of time is wasted. The most effective is the sting called “Microwave”. Its obvious advantage is a small hole on the cut for more convenient capture of solder in the right amount. With such a tip on the soldering iron it is convenient to collect excess solder.
Soldering iron tip “Microwave”
You can use any solder, but it is better to use a thin wire, with which you can conveniently dose the amount of material used. The part to be soldered using such a wire will be better processed due to more convenient access to it.
Work order
The soldering process, with a careful approach to theory and gaining some experience, is not difficult. So, the whole procedure can be divided into several points:
- It is necessary to place SMD components on special pads located on the board.
- Liquid flux is applied to the legs of the part and the component is heated using a soldering iron tip.
- Under the influence of temperature, the contact pads and the legs of the part themselves flood.
- After pouring, remove the soldering iron and allow time for the component to cool. When the solder has cooled, the job is done.
Soldering process for SMD components
When performing similar actions with a microcircuit, the soldering process is slightly different from the above. The technology will look like this:
- The legs of the SMD components are installed exactly at their contact points.
- In areas of contact pads, wetting is performed with flux.
- To accurately place the part in the seat, you must first solder one of its outer legs, after which the component can be easily aligned.
- Further soldering is carried out with the utmost care, and solder is applied to all legs. Excess solder is removed with a soldering iron tip.
Soldering iron with a sharp tip 24 V.
How to solder with a hair dryer?
With this soldering method, it is necessary to lubricate the seats with a special paste. Then the required part is placed on the contact pad - in addition to components, these can be resistors, transistors, capacitors, etc. For convenience, you can use tweezers.
After this, the part is heated with hot air supplied from a hair dryer, at a temperature of about 250º C. As in previous examples of soldering, the flux evaporates under the influence of temperature and the solder melts, thereby flooding the contact tracks and legs of the parts. Then the hair dryer is removed and the board begins to cool.
When it has cooled completely, soldering can be considered complete.
Hair dryer for soldering small parts
Source: https://ssk2121.com/temperatura-payki-smd-komponentov/
The influence of soldering iron temperature on soldering quality
Even such a simple tool as a soldering iron has design features that consist of individual elements. The sting has the smallest size. The performance of the device depends on the quality level of this part. If you are not interested in this, then you can simply buy a soldering kit, use the instructions and not think about which soldering iron tip is best. But if you are curious and think that you can figure this out on your own, then read on.
Tip properties
The working tip has the following properties:
- Thermal conductivity. A very important parameter that determines how much heat will be transferred to the work area from the heating element;
- Ability to accumulate heat. This characteristic depends on the size of the tip. A very thin tip, when in contact with a large element, can instantly release heat;
- Wear resistance. Of course, no one will hammer nails with a soldering iron, but over time the tip is subject to wear due to mechanical stress and the influence of aggressive fluxes;
- Protection against oxidative processes. Even a thin oxidizing film significantly reduces the quality of the tip.
From the point of view of heat conductivity, copper alloys are considered the most optimal metal for the tip. But copper is characterized by low resistance to corrosion and wear. Nickel or steel based alloys are the complete opposite. High level of strength, rust protection - but terrible thermal conductivity.
Therefore, modern manufacturers are trying to create tips from a variety of materials in order to adapt to market demands. They also constantly experiment with composite materials, increasing the performance properties of the tool.
Copper products
Most soldering irons are equipped with these tips. The copper product is very versatile and has excellent thermal conductivity. And most importantly - excellent heat capacity.
That is, when processing large parts or soldering thick wires, the collected thermal energy will not sharply change the temperature and dissipate. Therefore, when processing massive elements, specialists prefer to use soldering irons with a large copper alloy tip. To heat such a product, a large amount of energy is required, but its mass ensures stable temperature indicators during operation.
You can solder almost any part with this tip. The only exceptions here are planar microcircuits, SMD modules, etc. Of course, the tip can also be given a thinner shape, but in this case it will wear out quickly.
The main problem with copper alloys is their low level of heat resistance and excessive softness. Also, when exposed to high temperatures, a copper product begins to oxidize. Cleaning the tip using the classical method does not give a positive result. Craftsmen have to clean it using sandpaper or a file, after which the size of the tip is significantly reduced.
For the purpose of keeping the surface of the tip in good condition, it is coated with solder.
Tinning process
To begin with, the product needs to be wiped with a sponge soaked in water, slightly warmed and cleaned with a needle file (fine file) or emery abrasive. After this, you need to place it in rosin, and put a piece of solder on top. The tin alloy itself will begin to coat the surface of the tip.
Another option is to rub the hot tip against the surface of the wood that has solder or flux on it. It is better to choose coniferous wood.
Another problem with copper is its low resistance to corrosion at high temperatures and exposure to fluxes. There is no need to assume that acidic compounds are the cause of all problems. Rosin also has an unfavorable effect on copper. Over time, grooves and microscopic niches appear on the surface of the metal, which must be polished.
One way or another, with regular replacement and proper care, the copper tip is very convenient to use. That’s why soldering irons with such tips are still produced today.
Nickel and silver
In fact, this is the most ordinary copper tip, but with a special coating. To provide protection against burning and corrosion, the surface of the product is silvered or nickel-plated. The only problem is that a metal such as nickel is characterized by insufficient good adhesion, therefore solder melted to a liquid state does not stick to it.
You will only be able to heat the soldering area itself, rather than scooping up a small amount of tin with a soldering iron. In practice, you will have both hands busy - one holding the tool and the other holding the tin wire.
Silver plating does not have these types of problems. At the same time, the price of the device is within reasonable limits, and the quality of the tip improves.
Another solution is a multi-layer tip. In such products, the beneficial properties of materials are used separately. These designs are expensive, but they last a very long time and perform their assigned tasks extremely well.
It is also worth noting that tips with a protective coating must not be cleaned with abrasives, otherwise the protective layer will be damaged and the product itself will quickly break.
Ceramic coating
The body structure is made of strong ceramics, and the tip itself is made of a metal alloy. A material such as ceramics has good heat capacity and thermal conductivity. But it is much stronger than copper alloys and is not afraid of corrosion. By creating tips from composite materials, manufacturers try to combine all the best properties of different materials in one device.
Soldering irons equipped with a ceramic tip are very convenient. They do not need to be cleaned regularly. However, old-time craftsmen prefer copper products.
Compound varieties
This type of tip is composed of several materials at once. For example, the core is made of steel, the heat-conducting element is made of copper, and nickel, like a brass alloy, provides protection against corrosion.
Considering that working conditions can constantly change, for home use it is better to acquire a soldering iron with replaceable tips. The most important thing is to choose the planting depth and diameter.
Temperature stabilizer
Of course, good material alone is not enough for full-fledged work. It is also necessary that there is always a certain temperature at the end of the tip. It is for this purpose that many manufacturers build a special sensor into the body of the sting.
In fact, such temperature control is needed only for fine processing of parts that are very sensitive to strong heat. In this case, the required temperature is set on the tip, and work can be done without fear of damaging the parts. Most designs use the simplest scheme - setting values in advance without subsequent control.
The temperature regulator can be built into the product, or it can be a separate unit that receives data from the sensor. This does not have any impact on the quality of work performed.
Making a thin tip
Some radio amateurs and home craftsmen make their own soldering tools. This happens after they have tried a bunch of options - from expensive German and Japanese ones to nickel-plated pins with gas activators and microwaves from the Middle Kingdom.
To make a good tip, you will need:
- A familiar, experienced turner or access to a machine.
- A copper rod with a diameter of 6-8 millimeters.
- A small amount of silver.
Let's create the foundation. We give the copper rod a shape that matches the hole in the tip holder.
From the end part we make a hole with a depth of ten to fifteen millimeters for the “M4” thread. Then we order from a jewelry store or workshop a silver rod ten millimeters long and five millimeters in diameter. The quality of the precious metal is completely unimportant. We cut a two-centimeter piece from the silver rod, create an “M4” thread, screw it into the base and adjust the shape of the tip.
After processing is complete, you will have a high-quality soldering iron with a thin tip. The copper alloy will supply thermal energy to the silver tip, which has excellent adhesion, so solder will stick to the tip perfectly. For reliability, you can make two tips at once, which can be changed if necessary.
There is only one drawback - over time, silver will dissolve in lead or burn, but this is a long process.
Source: https://rem-serv.com/vliyanie-temperatury-payalnika-na-kachestvo-payki/
What kind of soldering iron is needed for soldering microcircuits. Soldering iron temperature for soldering microcircuits
CircuitsTemperature of a soldering iron for soldering microcircuits
The main task of the soldering iron when soldering various contacts is to melt the solder and apply it to the desired location. Naturally, this requires a soldering iron temperature that would be higher than the melting point of the consumables.
Taking into account the fact that it can vary greatly for different metals and their alloys, tools with different powers are produced that are capable of working in different parameters. After all, too high rates turn out to be just as harmful to a quality connection as low ones.
Only in the first case will everything lead to the melting of the solder to a state where it can no longer work, and in the second, it will not be able to melt normally for connection.
All these reasons lead to the fact that the temperature of the soldering iron tip should be optimal. For each case, different options are selected that should help achieve better results. To determine what temperature the soldering iron tip should be when soldering, consumables, wire thickness, contact material and other parameters are taken into account.
Soldering iron tip
Tip temperature relative to the solder used
The operating temperature of the soldering iron is selected separately for each process. When soldering contacts of the same type using the same solder, the same tool parameters can be used.
In other cases, you even have to change the soldering iron to adapt to the desired characteristics. To work with certain solders, the temperature of the soldering iron should always be slightly higher than the melting point of the solder. The difference should be small, only 5-10 degrees.
With modern technology, such indicators are easy to achieve if you have a power regulator and an accurate heating sensor.
| Solder type | Soldering iron tip temperature, degrees Celsius |
| Wood's alloy | 75 |
| Alloy Rose | 95 |
| PSRZI | 146 |
| POSI 30 | 175 |
| AKP | 240 |
| PSR 1.5 | 285 |
| PSR 2 | 248 |
| POS 50 | 250 |
| POS 61 | 197 |
| POS 10 | 305 |
| POS 40 | 243 |
| POS 61 | 195 |
| O2 | 237 |
| POSSU 95-5 | 245 |
Melting point of various metals
It is not always necessary to perform standard soldering with ready-made solder brands. Sometimes you have to work with metals that are not standard for this process. This does not always give a guaranteed high-quality result, but sometimes soldering becomes the best solution for joining parts. Here you need to know what temperature of the soldering iron tip is needed for work, as well as at what temperature the melting of the metals with which you are working occurs.
When it comes to desoldering contacts or separating certain parts, then this information becomes more important than the technical data of the solder. The heating temperature of the soldering iron must reach such values that the contact can be melted.
This means that it must be equal to the value at which melting occurs, or exceed it. Given the power limitations of soldering irons, this is not always feasible. Some types of metal cannot be melted with a soldering iron.
It is worth comparing the technical characteristics of the tool with the parameters of a particular metal or alloy.
| Metals and alloys | Melting point of the material, degrees Celsius |
| Aluminum | 660,4 |
| Tungsten | 3420 |
| Germanium | 937 |
| Duralumin | 650 |
| Iron | 1539 |
| Gold | 1063 |
| Iridium | 2447 |
| Potassium | 63,6 |
| Konstantin | 1260 |
| Silicon | 1415 |
| Brass | 1000 |
| Low melting alloy | 60,5 |
| Magnesium | 650 |
| Copper | 1084,5 |
| Sodium | 97,8 |
| Nickel silver | 1100 |
| Nickel | 1455 |
| Nichrome | 1400 |
| Tin | 231,9 |
| Osmium | 3054 |
| Mercury | 38,9 |
| Lead | 327,4 |
| Silver | 961,9 |
| Steel | 1400 |
| Fechral | 1460 |
| Cesium | 28,4 |
| Zinc | 419,5 |
| Cast iron | 1200 |
Methods for obtaining the desired temperature
The temperature of a 100 Watt soldering iron tip has certain limitations. On the one hand, the maximum value cannot be exceeded when fully heated, and on the other hand, it cannot be lowered so that it is maintained at the same level. If soldering requires lower values of this parameter, you should try replacing the tool.
The temperature of a 60 W soldering iron tip will be lower than a 100 W analogue, so this technique is well suited for selecting the desired temperature. For a long time it was the main one, since modern models with adjustable parameters appeared relatively recently. The disadvantage of this method is that you need to buy several types of soldering irons.
This also does not provide precise control, although approximate values are sufficient for most cases.
Soldering iron 100 Watt
Installing a power regulator helps solve the temperature drop problem with almost any model. The regulator can be installed on almost any model. It will work with relative values within its range.
For example, if the value adjustment range is from 0 to 100%, then the temperature of a soldering iron tip of 40 Watt at half a turn of the control knob will correspond to the heating temperature of a soldering iron of 20 Watt. At 25% this value will be 10 watts and so on.
The regulator may have a reduction limit, for example, up to 50%. He can't go any lower.
Buying a model with adjustable temperature. An automatically built-in regulator, optimized for a specific model and located directly in the device body, becomes an excellent modern solution.
Thanks to it, the temperature of the soldering iron for soldering microcircuits will be adjusted with an accuracy of up to 1 degree Celsius.
The cost of such soldering irons is higher than that of standard models; it will not be possible to use the regulator with other tools, but convenience plays a role and for professional use they become the best choice.
A not very convenient way of adjustment is to warm up the tip and then cool it. First, the tool reaches its maximum, and then you need to wait until it cools down to the desired value. Cooling occurs slowly, so choosing the right value is quite realistic; the main thing is to use measuring instruments for this, which will show the exact parameters.
Temperature measurement equipment
The heating temperature of a soldering iron tip is determined using special meters, or, as they are also called, soldering iron thermometers. These devices are based on a thermocouple, which shows the exact value with an error of up to several degrees.
There are many models on the market that can display temperatures in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Almost all models now have a digital scale for displaying data.
The thermocouple deteriorates over time and needs to be replaced, but this allows you to work with any type of soldering iron.
Soldering iron tip temperature meter
In addition to individual meters, there are also built-in options. They go straight into the soldering iron, which is very convenient for working with one tool. This significantly affects the cost of the product, but there are no problems with frequent replacement of the thermocouple. Another way to determine is to use a multimeter. This is a very common technique, since soldering specialists always have such devices. The accuracy of determining the values depends on the specific model.
Conclusion
For home soldering, conditional approximate values for heating the tip are often selected. This is quite enough for those cases where there is no great responsibility of the connections. If we are talking about professional soldering and working with microcircuits, then precision must be observed here. If for popular types of materials the values are known and the temperature of the soldering iron tip for POS 61 can be viewed from the corresponding table, then for non-standard solutions you need to select the values yourself.
Source: https://xn----7sbeb3bupph.xn--p1ai/shem/temperatura-payalnika-dlya-pajki-mikroshem.html
Welding temperature of polypropylene pipes
» Miscellaneous » Welding temperature of polypropylene pipes
The strength and durability of various plastic communications depends on how accurately the soldering temperature of polypropylene pipes is taken into account. When welding polypropylene products, it is necessary to take into account the heating time of the material and the cooling time of the joints.
Correct comparison and consideration of temperature and time parameters of the soldering process of technical products made of polypropylene contributes to the production of a durable and reliable material.
If you deviate from the technology, the product will have breaks at the joints and be of poor quality.
Soldering PP pipes
general information
The temperature regime for soldering polypropylene pipe products directly depends on the polymer used. In practice, 4 types of materials are used:
- PN10, used for the use of technical products at temperatures up to +40 C;
- PN16 for use at +60 C;
- PN20, used in water supply from +80 C to +95 C;
- PN25 for operating modes above +95 C.
In addition to maintaining temperature conditions, welding polypropylene pipes with your own hands depends on the pressure that pipe technical products of a specific marking can withstand.
The first type is used when laying technical products intended for cold water supply. Pipe products marked PN20 are considered universal and are intended for cold and hot water supply, but taking into account that the effect of +95 C is short-term. If the temperature is not maintained, then due to its action they will lose their tightness and become deformed.
Soldering mode and its effect on the process
The technology for soldering polypropylene pipes involves heating them, after which the plastic contained in them softens. When two heated products are connected, diffusion (interpenetration) of polypropylene molecules of one technical product into the molecules of the other occurs. As a result, a strong molecular bond is formed, making the resulting material airtight and durable.
If there is an insufficient mode, then sufficient diffusion will not occur when two materials are combined. As a result, the joint of the technical product will turn out to be weak, which will lead to a violation of the tightness of the entire material.
"Note!
Excessive overheating of the fitting and pipe technical product during welding causes deformation of the parts. Their geometry is disrupted, and a roller influx occurs in the internal section.”
The output is a pipeline with a minimal internal hole at the junction, the diameter of which does not meet technological standards.
Source: https://moizagorod.ru/raznoe/temperatura-svarki-polipropilenovyh-trub.html
Soldering temperature table for polypropylene pipes: soldering options and rules for choosing temperatures
In order for installed communications made of plastic materials to serve for a long time, it is very important to correctly determine the soldering temperature of polypropylene elements.
When installing polypropylene-based water and heating pipelines, it is very important to accurately maintain the required temperature and time values when carrying out pipe welding work.
If deviations from the recommended values are made, there is a risk of damage occurring in the connection areas. Another negative consequence of this may be a deterioration in the circulation of liquid through the pipes.
When working with pipes with a cross-section of up to 63 mm, the choice is most often made on the soldering method, which involves the use of elements such as couplings and sockets. It is noteworthy that in both cases the use of such an additional component as couplings is mandatory. If the elements to be connected exceed 63 mm in diameter, then the butt method is most often used.
If the diameter does not exceed 40 mm, then such pipes are welded using a portable electric welding unit. If the cross-section of the structure exceeds 49 mm, then work on connecting the elements is carried out using a device that has a centric design.
When connecting polymer elements, a heating method is used, carried out using nozzles of a welding unit.
If the choice was made on the bell method, then first it is necessary to carry out preparatory measures:
- It is necessary to take an electric soldering iron, with which dielectric pipes will be welded, and place it on a smooth surface. Next, you need to fix plug-in heaters of a suitable size in it, using special keys. You should ensure that the unit has the appropriate attachments before you start heating it;
- Begin setting up the device by selecting the appropriate temperature for connecting polypropylene pipes.
It is considered unacceptable if, when connecting electrical products, the outside air temperature does not correspond to the optimal mode . This point needs to be given special attention.
If there is intense heat outside in the summer, then it is necessary to reduce the duration of heating of the components. In the opposite situation, when the outside air temperature is low, the elements being connected should be heated longer than usual.
To determine the appropriate temperature for welding pipes, it is important to take into account all the nuances.
The first welding begins after 5 minutes have passed from the moment the welding unit was turned on to warm up. At the same time, when the next welding process using an electric welding unit is completed, it is necessary to remove plastic particles from its working surfaces.
The influence of temperature on the process of coupling of PP pipes and fittings
If we talk about the peculiarities of connecting polypropylene pipes, then a mandatory procedure that precedes soldering is heating the elements to a certain temperature. Compliance with this condition makes it possible to impart sufficient elasticity to the plastic masses of the joined elements.
Having finished soldering polypropylene pipes, you can observe a phenomenon called diffusion of polypropylene molecules .
In other words, the structure of the welded elements changes at the molecular level, therefore, after the material hardens, the plastic masses at the joint acquire strong bonds.
The selected temperature regime is one of the key factors on which the strength of the connecting surfaces of polypropylene pipes depends.
If the heating temperature turns out to be insufficient, it most often ends up with the fact that during the soldering process it is not possible to ensure a sufficient diffusion process.
As a result, the body molecules of the pipes and fittings are not able to reach the mating areas, which negatively affects the quality of the connection. Under the influence of loads, the soldering is destroyed or after a short period of time a leak is observed in the structure used.
If the connected elements are overlapped, then you may encounter critical deformation of the element body . Against this background, the welded parts lose their geometry or an excessive bead may form in the internal section. The consequence of this is a reduction in the diameter of the internal hole of the product at the welding site.
Features of temperature selection
When working with polypropylene pipes, it is important to ensure heating in the joining area to a level of 255-265 degrees Celsius. When choosing a temperature regime, you need to pay attention to a number of additional parameters:
- diameter;
- ambient temperature;
- heating duration.
In practice, it is possible to observe a direct relationship between the diameter of the elements being connected and the duration of their heating.
Particular attention must be paid to increasing the outside temperature. This is due to the fact that during installation work there are necessarily short breaks associated with the need to remove elements from the heating welding unit and perform their coupling.
To minimize the effect caused by the product cooling at low temperatures, it is advisable to heat polypropylene structures for a longer time.
The recommended interval should be 2-3 seconds, and in some cases this issue can be resolved experimentally.
You also need to be very careful when choosing a temperature regime for the heating device above 270 degrees Celsius against the backdrop of a relatively short heating period.
When soldering polypropylene pipes with such parameters, there is a risk that the upper layers of the material will literally warm up to high temperatures in just a moment, while the main body will not be heated up enough.
Doing joints under such conditions may result in the formation of an overly thin transparent film.
Heating instructions, exposure time value
When deciding on the heating parameters of the polypropylene pipes being connected, you need to pay attention to the diameters of the parts, which can be found in the corresponding table. Moreover, depending on the size of the polypropylene pipe, it is necessary to change the heating duration, leaving the pre-selected temperature on the heating element unchanged. To ensure high reliability of the coupling joint, the following criteria must be met:
- heating duration;
- the time during which the joint must be fixed;
- the duration of the pause, after which it is allowed to continue the welding operation of the elements being connected.
Factors that can affect the quality of work
Among the nuances that must be taken into account when creating a welded joint of polypropylene pipes, one should highlight the need to manufacture a welding belt, which must have an optimal length. Most often it is the same size as the depth of the cylindrical nozzles that are used on the heating element of the welding equipment. To ensure the required size of the joint, it is necessary to firmly fasten the polypropylene pipe to the body of the element.
In cases where welding is performed at subzero temperatures, it is advisable to use warm material, for which purpose it should be kept in a warm room for some time before carrying out the work.
Before carrying out work, the welding unit must be heated to a temperature of 283 degrees Celsius, and the exact mode is determined taking into account the ambient temperature.
By acting in this way, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of significant heat losses at the moment when the element to be connected is delivered from the apparatus to the area where the connection is to be made.
To determine the optimal heating value and its duration, preheating is carried out , each time adjusting the indicated indicators by one to two seconds.
Some features of thermal exposure
During the development of a polypropylene pipeline project, it is necessary to take into account the features of the subsequent step-by-step installation. It is undesirable to place welding equipment too far from the place where a connection will be created involving heated elements. In some cases, mistakes may be made that make it difficult to provide direct access to the welding site.
In such a case, there is nothing else left to do but to heat the elements at a great distance from the apparatus . All this leads to heat losses at the moment when the welded elements are delivered to the place of their connection, where time has to be spent on precise placement at the coupling joint. If these nuances are neglected, it is often not possible to ensure sufficient strength of the seam.
If welding is carried out in the wrong order, the consequence will be the impossibility of creating the final joint. This can happen due to the fact that there is not enough space between the elements to insert the heating element there.
In such situations, deformation of the place on the pipeline should be avoided in order to achieve a larger gap width .
By deciding to create more convenient conditions for placing the device at the site of the future joint, you can worsen the attractive appearance of communications, and in addition to this, there is a possibility of static voltage occurring in individual sections of the system.
Conclusion
The process of welding polypropylene pipes involves many nuances, among which one of the main ones is the correct choice of heating temperature of the elements being welded. It must be remembered that the duration of heating can not only affect the quality of the connection, but also change the appearance of the engineering system itself. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to all the features that must be taken into account when soldering pipeline elements.
Moreover, the selected temperature depends not only on the size of the elements being welded, but also on the conditions under which the soldering work will be carried out. Neglecting one, or even more so, several nuances can negatively affect the operation of the entire system. Moreover, in some cases this can even lead to emergency situations.
Source: https://stoki.guru/truby-i-fitingi/polipropilenovye-truby/tablica-temperatur-payki-dlya-polipropilenovyh-trub.html
To what temperature does the soldering iron heat up?
· 09.09.2019
The main task of the soldering iron when soldering various contacts is to melt the solder and apply it to the desired location. Naturally, this requires a soldering iron temperature that would be higher than the melting point of the consumables.
Taking into account the fact that it can vary greatly for different metals and their alloys, tools with different powers are produced that are capable of working in different parameters. After all, too high rates turn out to be just as harmful to a quality connection as low ones.
Only in the first case will everything lead to the melting of the solder to a state where it can no longer work, and in the second, it will not be able to melt normally for connection.
All these reasons lead to the fact that the temperature of the soldering iron tip should be optimal. For each case, different options are selected that should help achieve better results. To determine what temperature the soldering iron tip should be when soldering, consumables, wire thickness, contact material and other parameters are taken into account.
