How to weld vertical seams correctly using a semi-automatic machine

how to properly weld a semi-automatic seam video

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For a person who has never welded metal in his life, it can be difficult to understand how to start correctly, what to do at different stages in order to ultimately learn how to create an even and reliable connection. Let's look at what steps need to be taken, how semi-automatic welding occurs, for beginners - a video that clearly demonstrates some points.

Why semi-automatic?

Semi-automatic gas-shielded welding for a beginner or inexperienced welder has its advantages:

1. The electrode wire is supplied by the device itself, there is no need to monitor the length of the electrode, it is easier to maintain the optimal distance for an even arc. In addition, the feed speed is adjustable, which allows anyone to adjust it in a way that suits them.
2. The semi-automatic machine makes it relatively easy to work with thin metal, which makes it practically irreplaceable for auto body repair shops, especially with low qualifications of the welder.
3. Sufficiently long seams can be produced without stopping the process to replace the electrode. For a beginner, this will allow him not to interrupt a successful seam before it is completed.
4. Easy to learn welding process.

The list of advantages of semi-automatic machines is different for everyone; it can consist of several dozen items. For a beginner, the points listed above will be enough to start learning on this type of welding machine.

Preparing the welding machine - wire and gas

The semi-automatic machine uses a special welding wire as an electrode. Its diameter can range from 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm. The most common wire is 0.8 mm. It is clear that before work you need to load a spool of wire into the apparatus, stretch it until it exits the burner, and adjust the pressure of the wire with the roller of the pulling mechanism. The wire material must match its characteristics as closely as possible to the material of the parts being connected.

Before installing the conductive tip, you need to check it for compliance with the wire being used. That is, for 0.8 mm wire, a ferrule with a nominal value of 0.8 should be used.

It is not recommended to cook with a semi-automatic device without gas. An exception to this rule can be considered devices that use special flux-cored wire. When the arc burns, the flux that is part of the electrode wire, burning, creates a cloud of gas that protects the weld pool from oxygen and, accordingly, from the formation of oxides.

In standard semi-automatic machines, inert or active gas in cylinders is used to protect the seam from oxides. It can be carbon dioxide CO2 or a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon CO2+Ar. The first one is cheaper and more common; for welding steels it is a completely workable option, but the spattering of metal is quite high. A mixture of argon (82%) and carbon dioxide (18%) provides a more stable arc and reduces metal spatter.

Before work, connect the gas cylinder to the tip of the device and set the operating pressure.

Preliminary adjustments and actions

Most inexpensive semi-automatic welders have only two adjustments on the panel - the operating voltage and the wire feed speed. The drawing of welding wire is often marked with the letter A, as the current strength, since the feed speed and the welding current are interrelated. Additionally, semi-automatic machines are sometimes equipped with a two-position wire feed speed switch - high and low drawing speed.

In devices that can be considered more advanced, there is also an inductance regulator. By setting this parameter you can change the nature of the arc. “Cold” arc (less inductance) - the seam is narrower, the metal penetration is deeper. With a “hot” arc (higher inductance), the weld bead is wide, smooth, and the metal is melted to a lesser depth.

To correctly adjust the parameters of the device in accordance with the thickness and properties of the material, the diameter of the wire used and other characteristics, you need to use the table included in the accompanying documentation for the semi-automatic welding machine.

It is advisable to keep the angle between the nozzle and the workpieces at about 60°, the distance between the end of the nozzle and the surface is 8–20 mm. Before starting a new welding section, you need to bite off the ball that forms at the end of the wire (it conducts current poorly and makes it difficult to ignite the arc).

Before starting welding work, the edges of the surface of the workpieces are cleaned of dirt, traces of corrosion, old paint, and additionally processed with a grinder so that the melt “grabs” the metal better. On parts of significant thickness, special chamfers are removed.

Adjustments during welding

After starting work, the adjustments change depending on how the arc behaves and what the test seam turns out to be. When welding, distinct clicking sounds are heard - this means the voltage is too high and the wire feed is slow. If the wire does not have time to melt, then the feed is too fast.

When training and making a test seam, the parameters are adjusted to obtain high quality joints and ease of operation. As you can understand from the video, semi-automatic welding for beginners is not very difficult.

With a little technical skill and careful attention, anyone can learn how to cook with a semi-automatic machine.

If you need to make a vertical seam, remember: with thin metal (up to 3 mm) the seam is made from top to bottom, with metal thicker than 3 mm - from bottom to top. Thin sheet metal is spot welded to prevent warping due to overheating. This allows you to preserve the geometry of parts and elements.

Defects in welds, reasons for their occurrence

It is almost impossible for a novice welder to avoid mistakes that lead to the following flaws:

• undercut appears when the torch moves too quickly, the arc is long, or the current is high;
• if the movement is too slow, the metal flows down under the influence of gravity, an influx is formed;
• pores are formed due to poor gas protection, poor-quality surface pre-treatment, or too high a work speed;
• low welding speed at high current can cause through-burning of the metal, which is also caused by an incorrect initial gap (too large);
• lack of penetration occurs due to a small gap, contaminated metal and insufficient welding voltage.

The appearance of defects in welding seams can be completely avoided; it is enough to know the reasons for their occurrence and try to avoid mistakes. With experience, the number of flaws will become less and less.

Welding workpieces of considerable thickness

When joining workpieces with a thickness of more than 4 mm, preparation should be taken more carefully. In addition to cleaning the surface from dirt, paint and rust, the edges of the elements along which the welding seam will be carried out should be chamfered. How to properly remove a chamfer, at what angles, is regulated by GOSTs; information is also available on the Internet.

To ensure reliable connection of thick workpieces, it is necessary not only to conduct an arc along the edges being welded, but to make oscillatory movements with the torch. There are many types and methods of these movements, but most often the usual zigzag or reciprocating movements are used. The width of the molten weld metal approaching the surface of the part should be equal to the thickness of the workpiece.

Before starting work, you need to set the gap between the parts to be welded. Without a gap, the metal will not be welded to its full thickness, the seam will remain superficial and the necessary strength will not be provided. To strengthen T-joints made of thick metal, two more are placed on top of the finished seam - along the upper edge of the seam, extending onto the workpiece, and in the same way along the lower edge. This allows you to strengthen the seam, which can be important for parts with a thickness of 8 mm or more.

Despite the mistakes and some subtleties during training, semi-automatic welding is widely used; a video for beginners helps to visually distinguish the features, find out why certain errors appear and how to eliminate them. The importance of clarity is difficult to overestimate at the initial stages of using a welding machine, especially when independently mastering the equipment.

Source: https://pravilnoli.ru/kak-pravilno-vesti-svarochnyj-shov-poluavtomatom-video

How to weld a vertical seam using arc welding

Welds are classified according to many parameters. The main characterizing features are the type of connection and position in space. Based on the type of connection, they are divided into butt and corner.

They can be located in space strictly horizontally (lower), vertically or at an angle to the horizon. Welding the bottom seam is the simplest. In this mode, it is easiest to control the condition of the weld pool, and therefore the quality of the connection.

When making other seams, including vertical ones, a certain skill is required and it is necessary to know the methods of welding metals and their alloys in one position or another.

Electroslag method

Electroslag welding can be used to weld parts of almost any thickness. The connection occurs in one pass, regardless of the thickness of the metal. This is its functional feature.

Moreover, welding vertical seams with this method works best, again due to the principle of the method used. Thanks to single-pass welding, energy and consumables are saved, and productivity increases by an order of magnitude. Welding of vertical joints of tanks is of high quality.

During electroslag welding, in the area between the edges of the joints of the workpieces and the copper plates, a bath of liquid slag appears. The welding process can be described as follows:

• after immersing the electrode in the slag bath, the welding current passes through it and heats it to such a temperature that the edges of the parts and the electrode itself begin to melt;
• the melt forms a weld pool, after cooling which crystallizes and forms a welded joint;
• As the seam cools, the electrode with copper plates, forming a closed area of ​​the weld pool, rises.

Thus, vertical welding of seams of any thickness is carried out in one pass. Liquid slag, as a lighter component, is always on top, protecting the seam from exposure to atmospheric oxygen. After completing the welding process, the cooled slag is tapped with a hammer and removed.

Electric arc method

Before any welding begins, the areas to be joined must be prepared. Depending on the thickness of the metal and the type of connection, it is prepared and the edges of the parts are cut in accordance with the requirements of the standards.

Then they are secured using special clamps or other devices. To prevent temperature deformations, parts are welded to each other at a certain distance with transverse seams, so-called tack welds.

They provide reliable fixation of products relative to each other.

When welding vertical joints of products using electric arc welding, the molten metal moves downward under the influence of gravity. The transition of the liquid alloy electrode into the weld pool occurs by droplets.

To ensure that the drops do not come off but flow smoothly, a short electric arc is used. Sometimes, it is even possible to touch the end of the electrode to the workpiece being welded to prevent it from sticking to the workpiece.

A vertical seam is welded in two ways: top-down or bottom-up.

Down up

With bottom-up technology, the weld pool is initially located at the bottom. Molten metal enters it from above. To prevent liquid metal from spilling, the welding electrode is installed at an angle to the plane of the vertical weld.

Its melting end is located above the other end, fixed in the holder. Thus, it kind of supports the weld pool and prevents the metal from splashing.

The lower layers will crystallize and become a kind of stand for the new bath. This is how the manual arc method of creating a vertical seam is carried out.

With any method, it is necessary to maintain the welding current so that the crystallization of the pool occurs faster than the melting of the electrode and edges. This is achieved through a short arc and the formation of small drops of liquid metal.

Top down

When welding vertical joints using the top-down method, the electrode is also positioned end up. The edge of the weld pool is supported by an electric arc and electrode.

The task is to advance melting of the lower edge of the bath while simultaneously holding it. The upper edge must have time to crystallize due to the lack of heat input from the molten electrode.

If splashing still occurs, then you need to increase the welding current and increase the speed of moving the electrode down. It is also advisable to increase the width of the seam.

The vertical welding seam produced by an inverter is better than when using a conventional machine. This is due to a more stable welding arc.

Use of a semi-automatic device

Welding of vertical seams using a semi-automatic device or an inverter machine is carried out using several welding technologies. The choice of method depends on the thickness of the walls of the products, the gap between the joints, and the shape of the edges.

Triangular trajectory

Triangle welding technology is used if it is necessary to connect products up to 2 mm thick. This method requires the greatest dulling of edges.

The technology can be used when welding fillet welds in a vertical position or tanks. Welding is carried out from the bottom up, so the molten metal is located on top of the cooled alloy.

The flowing slag does not interfere with the penetration of the edges, since it flows down the hardened metal. First, a shelf is formed at the bottom of the joint. By moving the electrode to one of the edges, the edges are melted and the weld pool is filled.

The electrode is then moved to the other edge and the process is repeated. The shape of the bathtub looks like a triangle, hence the name of the technology. The recommended electrode thickness is 3 mm at a welding current of 80-100 amperes .

Trajectory in the form of a Christmas tree and a ladder

When welding products with a gap of 2-3 mm, the herringbone technology helps. In this method, it is necessary to use complex movements with the end of the electrode.

The process of welding a vertical seam begins from one of the edges, from the depth of the gap.

The electrode seems to be pulled out from the thickness of the metal, while fusing the metal onto the plane of the edge. Then it again returns deep into the future seam, and surfacing is carried out on the other side of the gap.

Gradually, the vertical gap is filled, forming a strong connection. The process is repeated until the entire gap is filled with molten metal. the task is to prevent the formation of excessive penetration of the edges and the appearance of metal leaks.

The movements are zigzag, with a brief stop at the edges for metal penetration. The technology allows welding products up to four millimeters thick.

Source: https://steelfactoryrus.com/kak-varit-vertikalnyy-shov-dugovoy-svarkoy/

How to properly weld welding seams - vertical, ceiling, horizontal

During the welding process, the most reliable connections are formed. Welds can join different materials. In addition to metal, you can weld glass, plastic, and ceramics. Welding work can be carried out in different planes. Therefore, the position of the seam during welding depends on the spatial arrangement of the edges of the parts that need to be welded.

Classification of welding joints

According to the method of making seams, there are:

• one-sided;
• double sided;
• single-layer;
• multilayer.

Read more about the classification of welded joints in this article. According to location in space and length, there are the following types of welding:

• In the down position. When the weld seam is located at an angle of 0° to the ground surface;
• In horizontal. Welding is carried out horizontally, and the part is placed at an angle from 0 to 60 °;
• In a vertical position. Welding is carried out vertically, and the structure is located in a plane from 60 to 120 °;
• In the ceiling. The seam is located above the welder, and work is carried out at an angle of 120-180 °;
• In the “boat”. Welding is performed “in a corner”, and the part is located at an angle.

Welding work in the lower position is not difficult even for beginners. How they are carried out is described here. For all others, technological knowledge is required.

Welding vertical seams

How to weld a vertical seam? When welding vertical seams, the metal is prepared in such a way that the type of connection and the thickness of the elements are taken into account. After which they are fixed in the desired position and secured with small transverse stitches, which prevent the parts from moving.

Welding two vertical plates

The vertical seam is welded in two ways: from bottom to top and in the opposite direction. It is easier to obtain a high quality vertical seam when you work from the bottom up, since the weld pool rises with an arc and does not allow it to fall.

Welding a vertical seam from the bottom up without breaking the arc involves the movement of the electrode in one direction without horizontal displacement. It tilts to the plane at an angle of 80-90°. The welding arc has a direct impact on the part, which makes it easier to control the process.

Welding algorithm:

1. An arc is excited at the lowest point;
2. Preparation of a horizontal surface equal to the cross-section of the seam - movement of the electrode: crescent, herringbone or zigzag;
3. The weld pool is held by arc pressure, which is controlled by the inclination of the electrode.

Movements of the electrode must be carried out quite quickly; full control over the process is necessary. If the weld pool begins to flow out from one edge, move to the other while moving upward.

Important! Don't overheat the metal and don't stop. The bathtub may fall out, which may result in a burn.

Welding a vertical fillet weld has its own characteristics. First, the shelf is fused, then the metal is deposited by slowly manipulating the electrode. The finished seam is formed when passing through the “ladder”. Those.

We raised the electrode up to the right, a drop of molten metal solidifies between the edges, then we move the tip of the electrode along the edge of the seam to the left and up, thereby forming “scales” of a reliable connection.

We recommend!
The essence and modes of gas acetylene welding When welding with arc separation, movements are performed from one side to the other with small transverse stitches or loops.

The shape of the joint is greatly influenced by the current strength. The current, most often, is 5-10A less than the recommended values ​​for a certain type of electrode and material thickness. Although this is not always true. Therefore, it is best to determine it experimentally and take average values.

Welding horizontal seams

Horizontal seams on a vertical surface are welded from right to left and vice versa. In this case, the bath will also tend downwards and flow to the lower edge. The electrode is tilted at a large angle, which depends on the current parameters. The bathtub must remain in place.

When welding thick metal, only the upper edge is cut (cut), while the lower edge holds the molten metal in the weld pool.

Tips and tricks when welding in a horizontal position:

• It is preferable to weld from left to right, this way the weld pool is better visible;
• position the electrode slightly back, on the seam;
• the arc is excited at the lower edge, then transferred to the upper;
• The trajectory of the electrode is carried out in a spiral.

Spiral movement of the electrode

When metal flows down, it is necessary to increase the speed of movement and reduce the heating of the metal. You can perform arc lifts. During these periods of time, the metal cools slightly and its flow stops. Reducing the current has the same effect. Just use these techniques step by step.

Advice! If welding horizontal lines is new to you, do not weld a lot of metal, try to make a high-quality thin seam. Then, if necessary, make a pass over the first one.

Horizontal fillet welds in overlap joints are welded quite simply; the execution technique repeats welding in the lower position.

Welding ceiling seams

How to weld a ceiling seam using electric welding? Such situations can be confusing for inexperienced beginners.

In this case, the welder is in an awkward position, and drops of hot metal will fall down from the ceiling. In this type of work, the electrode is located perpendicular to the surface. It should move in a circular motion at low speed to widen the connection. The electric arc is necessarily short. A long arc will create undercuts.

Methods for making ceiling seams

Welding ceiling seams is carried out according to the same principle - the metal must harden as quickly as possible. For this type of work, electrodes with a special refractory coating are used.

We recommend! Welding thin metal with an inverter

Along with circular movements, the electrodes also perform vertical ones. When moving away from the bath, the arc is extinguished. The energy stops flowing. The metal cools and crystallizes, and the weld pool decreases.

Thus, melting is carried out by a short circuit.

Ceiling welding is used in cases of extreme necessity, when it is not possible to position the parts to be welded more conveniently.

The metal is heated from below, while bubbles rising from the weld pool end up at the root of the weld and weaken it.

Fillet welds

Welding fillet welds has its own characteristics. The welding process, consisting of a superimposed connection one on top of another, is carried out without preliminary preparation of the edges. Joints are made on both sides of the corner.

When parts are joined end-to-end and form an angle, the end is cut off at one element.

T-type connection

To get a perfect seam, one plane must be horizontal, the second vertical. Be sure to weld the corner joint at an angle of 90°. When the thickness of the product, which is located vertically, is no more than 12 mm, then there is no need for additional processing. If its thickness is from 12 to 25 mm, it is necessary to prepare it in a V-shape.

From 25-40 mm, one-sided U-shaped bevels are cut.

Over 40mm – double-sided V-shaped trim.

The bottom edge of a vertically positioned product is cut straight, and the joint width is no more than 2 mm.

In order for a corner joint to be well executed, you must be able to strike the arc correctly. It lights up before the welding process begins. Repeatedly executed when broken.

When using electrodes with a thick coating, large areas of melted metal are formed. Due to the metal flowing down, it is not possible to make the correct seam surface of the corner.

The surfaces to be welded must be positioned so that the inclination is 45° and welding must be done with a boat.

Lap joints

The sheets to be welded, placed one on top of the other at a distance of 3-5 times the thickness of these sheets, are welded along the perimeter, as well as along the edge of the corner formed when covering. No edge processing is required. But material costs increase, and the connection becomes heavier. Despite this, this option is used quite often.

Features of ring welding

Welding of circumferential seams is required when connecting pipes and various parts of shut-off valves. Represents combined types.

Electric arc welding is used to make a vertical seam located on the side of the pipe. A horizontal suture is applied around the circumference. The ceiling seam and the bottom seam are also welded, which are located accordingly.

Pipes made of steel are most often butt welded. To avoid sagging inside the pipes, the electrode is tilted no more than 45° to the horizon, the joint is 3 mm high and 8 mm wide.

We recommend! Do-it-yourself welding of polypropylene sheets

Before performing circumferential welding, it is necessary to prepare the surface:

• The part is thoroughly cleaned;
• Deformed ends are trimmed and straightened;
• At a distance of 10 mm from the edge, the edges are cleaned to a shine.

During welding, the joints are continuously processed, and the joints of the turns are welded in several layers. Each connection is cleaned of slag before the next one is applied. When applying the first, all edges are completely melted. In case the presence of cracks is detected, they are cut out and the fragment is boiled again.

The remaining layers are applied while slowly rotating the pipe. The end of the previous and the beginning of the next layer are shifted by 15-30 mm.

The final layer must be beautiful, with a smooth surface.

Butt welds

Welding butt seams is performed in different ways:

• In space;
• On a removable copper lining;
• With a preliminary seam.

When welding seams in space, it is very difficult to weld its root along its entire length. Therefore, it is better to use a removable copper plate, which, due to its high thermal conductivity and technical characteristics, prevents the lining from melting at the moment of contact with the molten metal. Once work is completed, it can be easily removed.

The disadvantage of such compounds is the high probability of lack of penetration. To avoid this defect, before welding the reverse side, a groove 2-3 mm deep is cut out in the metal. After this, it is covered with a welding roller, then the joint is reinforced from the outside.

Welded multilayer seams

Each layer is cleaned of slag and cooled before applying a new one. Therefore, welding multilayer seams differs from other types. For the first layer, electrodes with a diameter of 3-4 mm are used, and for the others - 5-6 mm. The final layer is a convex layer and also heat treats the previous layers.

The weld seam is an important component of a multilayer joint. It is performed after stripping and possibly partially removing the first stitch, in a place where there is a high probability of accumulation of defects. The reliability of the entire connection depends on how well the weld is made.

Conclusion

To summarize, to learn how to weld properly, you need to start with the simplest:

• work out the desired inclination of the electrodes, while making collective movements to connect the parts.
• learn to knock slag off joints, which will turn out better every time.

How to properly weld a vertical seam using electric welding? It is very important to take into account all recommendations. The vertical seam is a little more difficult to perform than the horizontal one. First it sticks in several places, and then it is filled gradually from the bottom up. Thus, the entire gap is filled with liquid metal.

Practice your skills, buy a welding machine, electrodes, and start learning how to make beautiful seams.

Source: https://svarkagid.ru/tehnologii/svarka-shvov.html

How to weld a vertical seam with an inverter: how to properly weld a seam using arc welding with electrodes

When studying a welding machine, a beginner may think that now he can easily weld a vertical seam with an inverter. But in practice, everything may seem much sadder: from the inside out, the product turns out to be deformed, and if the current strength is not adjusted correctly, the thin metal will crack.

Don’t get upset ahead of time and quit this useful activity. Our tips will help you learn how to weld a vertical seam using arc welding.

Vertical welding

In cases where it is necessary to fasten two metal workpieces together in different planes, the vertical welding method is used. The method is complex due to its differences from conventional ones, so some technological methods do not work in it. This happens because in such a position difficulties arise due to the parts sliding down under the influence of gravity. Therefore, the welder needs to apply maximum technical skills based on correct knowledge.

This type of work is used in the manufacture of pipes. The vertical is the main way to do this. By practicing on an unnecessary piece of metal, you can quickly gain experience, but first you need to properly prepare informationally.

First, a beginner needs to master the rules of handling a welding machine, which will ensure easy ignition of the arc and its stable combustion. Basic Rules:

1. Semi-automatic welding. This method achieves good quality. If you configure the device correctly, it will turn out smooth and without breaks. For some, the need to use gas cylinders is considered an inconvenience.
2. Electroslag method. This welding occurs by heating the melting zone of the slag pool. This method allows you to weld metal of any thickness.
3. Electric is now the most convenient device. Having learned how to handle it, welding a vertical seam with such an inverter will be easy for beginners.

Each of these ways of performing vertical welding is good. However, to achieve results, many more requirements will need to be taken into account.

Conditions for a high-quality vertical seam

In order for the seam to turn out correctly, it must:

• be highly durable;
• made with high quality;
• look aesthetically pleasing.

The most common mistakes are:

1. Incorrect positioning of the rod during operation. It must be perpendicular, otherwise an angle will form and the arc will become unstable.
2. In cases where the welder needs to weld a vertical seam using arc welding, the arc length is not observed. When it is too long, smudges form.
3. Tilt of the rod to reduce the number of smudges. Thus, the entire technological process is disrupted.

It is recommended not to forget to follow these useful recommendations:

• you need to prepare your product: sand it, remove dirt from it, get rid of any remaining oil, rust or paint;
• if it turns out that the appearance of smudges is inevitable, slightly increase the current strength along with the width of each seam.

Vertical seam production technology

Let's consider the conditions for controlling an electrode powered by an inverter during the cooking process. The main advice for this is:

• Work can be done in two ways: from bottom to top, from top to bottom;
• install the electrode perpendicular to the work site, touching it with the corner forward.

And also use the following directions with the end of the rod, depending on the width of the seam:

• wide: in a semicircle (circle, drop or loop) from left to right, the seams are placed on top of each other according to the established direction;
• narrow: with upward segments, the beginning of each subsequent one overlaps the middle of the previous one;
• or other widely used ones: herringbone (if the gap between the parts is 2-3mm), triangle (gap less than 2mm), ladder (when the distance is maximum).

Young workers are often interested in the question of the duration of pressing the electrode rod on the surface to be welded. In this case, experienced welders recommend saying to yourself the number twenty-two with each press of the machine. This is exactly how much time it will take and you need to not tear the electrode off the metal sheet. And from this it follows that for thick metal you should speak more slowly, and with thin metal a little faster.

The number of Amps installed on the inverter is important to the bottom line.

For example, it would be most effective to use the following scheme: install a power of 30A for each one millimeter of the electrode taken. If the technology and thickness of the product allows, you can deviate slightly from these numbers, but it is better not to do this, because:

• when the force is weak, the seam will not be very aesthetically pleasing, the sludge will accumulate in a large layer at the top;
• if, on the contrary, it is too large, there is a possibility of burning through the metal.

How to cook a vertical seam

When starting welding, you need to familiarize yourself with the sequence of each of the required manipulations:

• make an overlap at the bottom of the prepared surfaces;
• You should always start not with the prepared overlap, but a little higher. This way, you won’t have to correct everything if you make a mistake;
• It is best to cook without tearing off the arc;
• after turning on the device, after each press say 22 to yourself and begin making a new seam;
• after finishing, clean the surface from the outside and inside of the formed slag and, if necessary, proceed to weld the reverse side in the same way.

These tips will help you master vertical welding, even if you are new to welding. A little training and you will learn how to weld seams like a professional.

Source: https://TehnoPanorama.ru/instrumenty/kak-varit-vertikalniy-shov-invertorom.html

Semi-automatic vertical seam welding

For welding metals, a laser beam, torch flame or plasma can be used, but one of the simplest and most compact options for devices for performing this type of work is a semi-automatic device.

To ensure that the metal seam is as smooth as possible and protected from oxidation, welding metals in this way is best done using shielding gas.

Semi-automatic welding for beginners is difficult only in the first minutes of mastering. To speed up the learning process as much as possible, you should study the basic rules for handling such a device in advance.

Semi-automatic welding machine: operating principle

In order not to “kill” the device when using a semi-automatic welding machine. To avoid injury, you should know about the safety rules and the operating principle of the device.

The semiautomatic welding machine consists of:

• housing containing a powerful transformer;
• hose for supplying current and gas to the burner;
• cables for connecting to ground and the electrical network;
• wire feed mechanism.

Also, for semi-automatic welding, you will need to purchase a reel with a special welding wire and a cylinder of carbon dioxide.

The operating principle of the semi-automatic device is as follows:

1. The welding current is supplied to the torch simultaneously with the shielding gas.
2. The torch uses a welding wire as an electrode, which is fed automatically using a special mechanism.
3. An electric arc is formed between the product being welded and the wire, which melts the metal in a protective gas environment, which allows you to obtain a high-quality weld without oxides.

The basic safety rules when working with semi-automatic welding machines are as follows:

• the body of the welding machine must be grounded;
• it is prohibited to use the device even with minor mechanical damage or any other malfunctions;
• in case of significant interruptions in work, be sure to disconnect the device from the electrical network and turn off the supply of protective gas;
• do not work near flammable and explosive substances;
• Use a protective mask and gloves while working.

As soon as the basic principles of working with a semi-automatic machine are mastered, you can begin practical work.

Semi-automatic welding: first experience

To gain practical experience, it is recommended to first practice on unnecessary metal scraps before proceeding with complex work that requires highly qualified welders.

For practical work you need to prepare:

• welding machine;
• gloves;
• protective mask;
• gas cylinder.

The first thing you need to do is set up the welding machine. Correctly adjusted strength of the supplied current will allow you to make a welding seam perfectly smooth and without breaks.

This parameter directly depends on the thickness of the metal being welded, so before starting work, you must read the instructions for the electrical device. Which should indicate the amperage recommended by the manufacturer for a certain thickness of the parts being welded.

Selecting welding modes

You should also make the right choice of the welding wire feed speed, which is regulated by a special mechanism.

The optimal diameter of the wire for welding is 0.8 mm, but when working with very thin metal, you can install a 0.6 mm electrode so that at a reduced current the metal is melted without fading the arc.

If possible, it is better to purchase Italian wire for semi-automatic welding. Imported analogues are of higher quality, but the cost of such products will be several times higher.

Despite the higher cost, such an electrode is more suitable for beginners because it is easier to obtain the desired result, even with insufficient experience in handling an electric welding machine.

Cylinder with reducer

In order to protect the welding site from exposure to oxygen, shielding gas is supplied. The cheapest option for using shielding gas is to purchase a carbon dioxide cylinder with a reducer.

A reducer with a pressure gauge must be installed to monitor the pressure of the supplied gas. To carry out high-quality welding of metals in a shielding gas environment, it is enough to set the working pressure to about 0.2 atmospheres.

Protective mask

To protect your eyesight, semi-automatic cooking should only be done using a protective mask, for example, Chameleon. Modern products have a special adjustment in their design, which allows you to configure the protective mechanism in such a way that it provides high-quality protection only during arc burning.

When the plasma combustion process dies out, the window of the mask will be transparent enough to allow you to continue working without removing the protective device. Such welding helmets will be especially convenient for novice welders; in outdated models, the protective glass was too shaded, which made the welding process very inconvenient, due to poor visibility of the weld after the arc has died out.

Welding technology

When all the preparatory work has been carried out, it is necessary to connect the “ground” to the metal being welded. If you have to work with small parts, then welding is done on a metal table, to which the corresponding conductor is connected.

If there is no table, then the work can be carried out on a horizontally located metal sheet with a thickness of at least 2 mm, to which the “ground” of the welding machine is connected.

Before starting the welding process, it is also necessary to adjust the amount of protrusion of the welding wire from the nozzle. It is recommended to install such a protrusion no more than 5 mm. If the wire protrudes more significantly before starting welding work, it must be shortened using wire cutters.

Before making a continuous weld, it is recommended to position the parts to be welded as close as possible and to carry out spot welding in at least two places by striking the electrode against the metal at the joint. This is necessary to ensure the immobility of the parts being welded.

If you need to weld one sheet of metal onto another, then in this case you can use clamps to securely fasten the welded parts. Once the immobility of the parts is ensured using any of the listed methods, you can begin making the weld.

To weld parts, an arc igniter is made and the metal is melted at the junction of the metals to form a seam. If during the first attempts to weld parts the arc does not ignite stably, it is necessary to increase the current supplied by the welding machine.

For proper arc formation, it is necessary to briefly touch the wire to the metal parts to which the “ground” is connected. Then tear off the wire to the minimum possible distance to form a stable electric arc. In this way, the seam is welded from one edge to the other, gradually moving the arc over the surface of the parts being welded.

Source: https://vi-pole.ru/svarka-vertikalnogo-shva-poluavtomatom.html

How to properly weld a vertical seam using electric welding - Metalworker's Handbook

There are many types and types of welding. They are divided into different classifications depending on the material used, the apparatus and the type of conductor used to create the suture. One of these is the welding of vertical seams, which has a number of features that we will now get acquainted with.

Features of vertical welding

Vertical welding has the difficulty that when creating a seam, the molten metal tends to flow down, which in no case should be allowed. If this happens, then it will no longer be possible to cook on top of this drop, since it contains slag from the electrode.

To create a high-quality track when manual arc welding, it is recommended to use a short arc at a low current. At the same time, the master must make movements from the bottom up to avoid unnecessary drips. When vertical seams are formed from a molten drop, you need to move the end of the electrode a little to the side to allow the material to harden without losing the spark.

Principles of vertical welding

To create an ideal seam, you must adhere to several principles of vertical welding:

1. If welding work is carried out using alternating current, then it is imperative to start from the bottom. In this case, the weld crater is filled with material so that it creates a volumetric roller, which in parallel serves as a kind of support for the molten metal located slightly above. This is how the seam is filled.
2. With the electric arc method, the metal in the weld crater in a vertical position should harden much faster. For this it is better to make small drops. It is very simple to achieve this effect by shortening the arc (the distance between the product and the electrode).

Vertical welding technology

The technique of welding vertical seams depends on several factors:

• characteristics of the metal of the materials that need to be connected;
• the type of welding that is used in this case;
• welder skill:
• quality and features of the equipment used.

You can create welds in several ways:

• from top to bottom with arc separation:
• from bottom to top with arc separation;
• from top to bottom without breaking the arc:
• from bottom to top without breaking the arc.

Creating a seam with an electrode

Welding in a vertical position requires more attention and effort than in a horizontal position. This is due to possible metal leaks. For novice welders, it will be easier to form a weld with arc separation. Thus, the material hardens quickly. To make the process easier, at this time the electrode can be rested on the edge of the weld crater. During the formation of the track, movements are made both with the separation of the arc and without separation - with a zigzag, crescent, loops or roller - “up and down”.

If you decide to weld a vertical seam from top to bottom, then this is done with a very short arc. It will take a little practice beforehand to learn how to melt the metal, but avoid it from spreading downwards. Here it is important to hold the electrode correctly - strictly perpendicular to the edges of the crater. When exciting the arc and creating a roller, you need to tilt it down a little (45 degrees).

The recommended electrode diameter is 4-5 mm with a current of no more than 170A.

How to properly weld a vertical seam without tearing can be seen in this video tutorial:

Semi-automatic vertical seam

Semi-automatic welding of vertical seams can be done using several methods:

• “Triangle” is a technology used for thin metal, no more than 2 mm thick. It is based on the standard principle of guiding the conductor from bottom to top. In this case, the molten metal is located above the frozen metal, which has already formed a small roller and does not allow “newly made” drops to flow down the path. When making vertical welds with an inverter, it is necessary to move the conductor correctly so that the weld pool is slightly angled. Actually, this is where the name of this method comes from – triangle. For this technology, professionals recommend using an electrode with a three-millimeter diameter and operating at a current of 100A.

• The “ladder” is used when there is too much gap between the parts to be soldered. The working process itself is as follows: it is necessary to make transitions from one edge to another with minimal lifting of the electrode. It is best to implement this in a bottom-up manner without tearing off the arc. Thus, a so-called ladder is obtained. As a result, the roller is not smooth, but with sharp edges. This type of joining parts is considered the easiest.

• “Herringbone”. This technology is ideal for semi-automatic welding of gaps of no more than 2-3 mm. In this case, the electrode must be moved along a certain trajectory. And the result will be a seam like a herringbone. You need to start from one of the sides and guide it along the edge wall towards you. When the metal is melted, you need to lower the electrode and stop a little to melt the product. You need to do the same on the other side. Continue this way upward along the entire path. The most important thing is to prevent the drops from spreading.

In this video you can see how to properly weld parts in a vertical position:

In conclusion, it is worth noting that the vertical seam requires special attention, as there is a risk of hot metal running off. To avoid this, there are several technologies that allow you to cook iron in a vertical position.

If you adhere to all the rules and regulations, then you will get a high-quality and reliable seam without “sticking” layers of metal and slag. Such tracks can be welded using several methods - semi-automatic and manual welding.

Each of the methods has advantages and disadvantages when creating a seam, but choosing among all existing types, these are the best and simplest, especially for novice craftsmen.

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• Reading time: 4 minutes The Resanta welding machine model SAI-220 is very popular among beginners and practicing welders. Technical
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Source: https://ssk2121.com/kak-pravilno-varit-vertikalnyy-shov-elektrosvarkoy/