How to learn to work with a soldering iron

How to learn to solder with a soldering iron?

Radio amateurs sooner or later encounter soldering. This is a responsible process, which must be carried out with special care in order to achieve a truly high-quality result.

Soldering is a skill in which skill comes with experience, and here you need not only to know the basics, but also to practice making various connections. The work will be more difficult if it is carried out with thin connections.

When considering the method of “how to learn to solder with a soldering iron,” start with the simplest methods.

Preparation for soldering

To prepare for the process, buy all the necessary materials that will be useful in the future. Each individual soldering will require its own set of tools and consumables. It is not recommended to take too expensive things for training. Standard solders and ordinary tools are enough to master the basics of this business. If you look at the lessons “how to learn to solder with a soldering iron from scratch,” everything will be explained there using extremely simple and publicly available materials.

The crucial point for both amateur and professional soldering is the preparation of materials. The soldering iron tip must be cleaned of traces of previous use, and it must also have a suitable shape. If these conditions are not met, the quality of the connection will suffer greatly, not to mention the fact that it will not be possible to solder the parts at all.

Selecting a soldering iron and cleaning the tip

Cleaning the soldering area and treating areas from oxidation are important elements of preparation.

Although this is not directly related to the technology of “how to properly solder wires with rosin with a soldering iron,” without preliminary preparation it will not be possible to achieve even satisfactory results.

If we talk about more complex connections, all the accompanying processes will take longer and will be more important than the soldering itself. The main task of the preparatory process is to create conditions in which nothing unnecessary will interfere with the connection.

Minimum soldering kit

The main tool here is a soldering iron. More advanced craftsmen can use soldering stations, but this does not change the principle of the procedure. Almost any model of sufficient power is suitable for training. If the tool has the ability to adjust the temperature, this will be an additional advantage. Otherwise, you need to select a suitable soldering iron with a rated power.

Minimum kit for soldering microcircuits

The second required element of the minimum set is solder. Considering the simplest lessons on the topic “how to learn to solder with a soldering iron for dummies,” you can note instructions on choosing solder and tips on how to handle it. There are many universal options on the market that are suitable for beginners.

They are not very expensive, so you can immediately grab a few to try. Sometimes you have to comprehend everything from your own experience, and not from selection tables. Solder is used to directly connect wires. It is melted and applied to the desired area. After cooling, a strong permanent connection is formed.

Source: https://svarkaipayka.ru/oborudovanie/payalniki/kak-nauchitsya-payat-payalnikom.html

How to learn how to properly solder wires with a soldering iron

One of the most reliable and effective methods of fastening various elements is soldering. For household tasks, ordinary electric soldering irons are often used. There are devices that operate on 220 V, 380 V, and even 12 V. Twelve-volt soldering irons are characterized by low power ratings. They are often used in hazardous industries. They are also used in everyday life, but their heating is extremely slow.

Selection of power indicators

The choice of tool power is determined by the nature of the work:

• For processing electronic parts - 40-60 W.
• If the thickness of the soldered elements is less than 1 mm - from 80 to 100 W.
• Elements with 2 mm walls require power from 100 W.

In everyday life, it is quite enough to have a couple of different soldering irons - “medium” and low-power. With these devices and rosin solder, you will be able to cover almost all your needs. It is still recommended to entrust the soldering of parts with thick walls to an experienced specialist who has pulse equipment at his disposal - sufficient experience is required here.

Switching on the soldering iron for the first time

When you turn it on for the first time, the soldering iron often starts to smoke a little. This is how the lubricant used in production burns. After the smoke stops, turn off the device and wait for it to cool completely. Then the tip is sharpened.

The sting is a cylindrical rod made of copper alloy. It is secured with a special screw located in the heat chamber.

As a rule, the tip on new soldering irons is dull. Only the tip of the part is subject to correction. For this purpose, you can use sandpaper, a file and a hammer. The shape of the element is selected depending on the nature of the work.

The most universal option is considered to be sharpening the tip with a “spatula”. At the same time, the material becomes denser, which means you will have to sharpen the tip much less often. This type of sharpening allows you to work with both medium and thin elements.

Tinning procedure

If the soldering tip does not have a coating of protective material, then it needs to be tinned - treated with a thin tin layer. This alloy will protect the device from rapid wear and corrosion. This procedure must be performed when starting the device for the first time.

Method one :

1. Achieve operating temperature values.
2. Touch the rosin.
3. Touch the solder, melt it and rub it over the tip.

Method two :

1. Moisten a cloth with zinc chloride and wipe the soldering tip with it.
2. Melt lead solder and rub it over the tip in a thin layer.

Soldering technology

Today, electric type soldering irons are the most popular. People whose work is closely related to the soldering process (repairing equipment, kettles, microcircuits, circuit boards, applying rhinestones, etc.) often choose a soldering machine, while amateurs make do with ordinary devices without any regulators.

To learn how to solder with a soldering iron, you need to understand the general process, after which you can delve into the specifics.

Therefore, we should start with a short description of the work sequence.

Soldering involves a certain pattern of actions. We will talk about soldering radio components and wires, as this is found everywhere. So, the actions will be as follows:

1. Preparing elements for work.
2. Tinning or treating surfaces with flux.
3. Heating of the processed elements to certain temperature indicators.
4. Applying solder to the soldering area.

Next, all that remains is to cool the solder and check the quality of the joint. If you did everything correctly, the treated surface will shine.

If the solder has a porous structure and a dull tint, this may indicate that a sufficient temperature was not reached during soldering. Experts call this type of soldering “cold”.

It breaks easily - you just need to pull the wires. Also, the soldering area may become charred. This indicates an excessively high temperature.

Preparing for work

Before work, you should get rid of the insulation. The exposed wire may vary in length. If you need to solder the wiring, then they expose from 10 to 15 cm. For headphones, for example, a short length will be enough - from 7 to 10 cm.

After removing the insulating material, you need to inspect the wires. If they are coated with a special oxide film or varnish, then the coating must also be removed. There are several ways to do this:

• Mechanical. Use fine-grained sandpaper to sand the exposed wire. However, this method is very inconvenient to process thin wires, and multi-core wires can be damaged.
• Chemical. The oxide film can be removed using solvents and pure alcohol. The paint coating is removed with acetylsalicylic acid (ordinary aspirin from the pharmacy). The wire is simply laid on the surface of the tablet and then heated with a soldering iron. The acid will begin to eat away at the varnish very quickly.

Read: Soldering acid, how to solder correctly with a soldering iron As for enameled wires, here you can use a special flux. The composition destroys the coating during operation.

You will also need to learn how to determine if the soldering area is hot enough. If you are using an ordinary soldering device, then you should pay attention to the behavior of the flux or rosin. If the heating is sufficient, the substances begin to boil and release steam. When you lift the tip of the sting, droplets of hot rosin do not fall off.

Solder application

If the soldering area is warm enough, you can begin adding solder. This can be done in a couple of ways: in solid or molten form. The latter method is used for small soldering areas, the first - for significant contact areas.

If a little solder is needed, touch the material with the tip of the soldering tip. If a drop appears, remove it by lightly tapping the device on the edge of the stand.

When using hard solder, it is placed directly on the area to be treated. Once heated, the material melts, filling all the voids between the wires.

In order to solder the elements as efficiently as possible, you need to thoroughly clean the wiring and warm up the processing area. However, overheating in this case is undesirable, as is excessive use of solder.

At first, you can take pieces of some unnecessary wire and cut them into small pieces on which you can practice. Try to solder them.

Once you have a good connection, increase the number of elements. If you manage to master this skill, then you can start soldering multi-core cables.

If you treated the wires with acid-based fluxes, then its residues must be removed after the solder has cooled. For this purpose, you can use a sponge or soft cloth soaked in water.

Source: https://ObInstrumentah.info/kak-nauchitsya-pravilno-payat-provoda-payalnikom/

Basics of HIGH-QUALITY SOLDERING techniques without errors

13.09.2012

To learn how to solder correctly, you need to prepare: a soldering iron (how to choose the right soldering iron), a soldering iron stand, a wooden block, solder, flux, pliers or tweezers, side cutters. Before soldering, the soldering iron must be prepared. To do this, use a file to sharpen the soldering iron tip to 45 degrees ( this is especially true for a new soldering iron, because...

anti-carbon coating on the tip of a new soldering iron, prevents tinning of the soldering iron tip and, accordingly, the removal of solder).

After you have cleaned the soldering iron tip, turn it on and when it warms up to the melting temperature of the solder, lightly process the soldering iron tip with a file until a shine appears on the working part of the tip, and immediately after that touch the tip of the tip to the flux and solder.

There should be some solder left on the tip of the soldering iron tip; then you just need to rub the tip of the soldering iron tip with the working surface on a prepared wooden block. After this, the soldering iron can be considered prepared for further work. During operation, to keep the soldering iron tip clean, from time to time wipe the soldering iron tip with a cloth folded in several layers.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKZBAqnGoZ4

Before soldering the radio component, it should be prepared. Using narrow pliers or tweezers, bend the leads of the part so that they fit into the holes of the board ( this is called forming the leads of radio elements ).

It is useful to have a special device for molding the leads of parts to certain distances between the mounting holes. Insert the part into the holes on the board. At the same time, ensure the correct placement (polarity - if any) of parts, for example, diodes or electrolytic capacitors.

After this, slightly spread the leads on the opposite side of the board so that the part does not fall out of its seat. The conclusions should not be spread too far apart.

Let's start soldering!

To properly solder the element, place the soldering iron tip between the terminal and the board, as shown in the figure, and heat the soldering area. The heating time should be no more than 3-5 seconds so as not to damage the part or board.

After 1-2 seconds, bring the solder to the soldering area. When solder touches the soldering iron tip, flux may splatter. After the required amount of solder has melted, move the wire away from the soldering area. Hold the soldering iron tip against the soldering area for a second to ensure the solder is evenly distributed across the soldering area. After this, without moving the part, remove the soldering iron. Without moving the part, wait a few moments until the soldering area has completely cooled down.

Now you can cut off the excess leads using side cutters. When doing this, be careful not to damage the soldering area.

Criteria for high-quality soldering!

• A high-quality solder joint connects the pad and the lead of the part and has a smooth and shiny surface.
• If the solder joint is spherical or connected to adjacent pads, heat the solder joint until the solder melts and remove excess solder. There is always a small amount of solder left on the soldering iron tip.
• If the soldering area has a matte surface and looks scratched, then it is called “cold soldering”. Heat it until the solder melts and let it cool without moving the parts. Add a little solder if necessary. After this, you can remove any remaining flux from the board using a suitable solvent. This operation is optional - the flux can remain on the board. It does not interfere and in no way affects the functioning of the circuit (for the aesthetics of the appearance of the board, it is better, of course, to remove the remaining flux).

Various soldering methods

How to solder correctly? The paragraphs below should answer this question. They are intended for beginner radio amateurs looking for more than just theoretical knowledge.

Soldering loose wires

Let's get started with practice from the very first example. It is necessary to connect the LED with a limiting resistance and solder the power cable to them. There are no mounting pins, plates or other accessories used here. The following operations must be performed:1. Strip the insulation from the ends of the wire. The thin copper conductors are absolutely clean because they have been protected from oxygen and moisture by insulation.

2. Twist the individual wires of the core. This way you can prevent their subsequent fraying.

3. Tinning the ends of the wires is very important for proper soldering. During tinning, the heated tip of the soldering iron must be brought to the wire simultaneously with the solder. The wire must be heated well so that the solder is evenly distributed over the surface of the bundle. Light rubbing with the tip helps distribute the solder along the entire length of the tinning plate.

4. Shorten the leads of the LED and resistor and also tin them. Although the leads were tinned during the manufacture of radioelements, a thin layer of oxides could form on them during storage. After tinning, the surface will be clean again. If very old radio components are used, soldered from any boards, they are usually heavily oxidized. The leads of such parts must be cleaned of oxides before tinning, for example, by scraping them with a knife.
5.

While holding the leads to be connected parallel to each other, apply a small amount of melted solder to them. The soldering area should warm up quickly, and the solder consumption should be 2-3 mm (with a diameter of 1.5 mm). As soon as the solder evenly fills the gaps between the connected leads, you need to quickly remove the soldering iron. The soldering area must be left undisturbed until the solder has completely hardened.

If the parts move earlier, microcracks will form in the soldering, reducing the mechanical and electrical properties of the connection.

A little theory

Soldering is the joining of metals using another, more fusible metal. In electronics, as a rule, they use solder containing 60% tin and 40% lead (POS - 40, POS - 60), as you yourself guessed, the numbers in the solder type designation indicate the percentage of tin in the solder.

This alloy melts already at 180 degrees Celsius. Modern solders used in soldering electronic circuits are produced in the form of thin tubes filled with a special resin (rosin), which acts as a flux. The heated solder creates an internal bond with metals such as copper, brass, silver, etc.

, if the following conditions are met:

• The surfaces of the parts to be soldered must be cleaned, that is, the oxide films formed over time must be removed from them.
• The part at the soldering site must be heated to a temperature exceeding the melting point of the solder. Certain difficulties arise in the case of large surfaces with good thermal conductivity, since the power of the soldering iron may not be enough to heat it.
• During the soldering process, the soldering area must be protected from exposure to atmospheric oxygen. This task is performed by flux (rosin), which forms a protective film over the soldering material. Flux is contained in the solder in the form of a thin core. When solder melts, it is distributed over the surface of the liquid metal.

Typical beginner mistakes and methods for correcting them

• Novice installers only touch the soldering area with the tip of the soldering iron tip. In this case, not enough heat is supplied. An experienced installer has a sense of optimal heat transfer. He places the soldering iron tip in such a way that the largest possible contact area is formed between it and the soldering point. In addition, he very quickly introduces a little solder between the tip and the part as a heat conductor.
• Novice installers melt a little solder and, with some delay, bring it to the desired location. In this case, part of the flux evaporates, the solder does not have a protective layer and an oxide film forms on it. A professional, on the contrary, always touches the soldering area with both a soldering iron and solder. In this case, the soldering area is enveloped in a drop of pure melt before the flux has time to evaporate.
• Novice installers are often unsure whether the solder area is overheated. They move the soldering iron tip away from the soldering point too early, then they are forced to bring it back in for heating, move it back again, etc. The result is a gray soldering joint with uneven boundaries, since the parts being joined were not heated hot enough, and the process itself took too long and the rosin had time to evaporate. The master, on the contrary, heats the soldering area quickly and intensely and completes the process abruptly and completely. He rewards himself with a smooth, silvery solder surface.

Once you learn how to solder, you can buy a soldering iron with temperature control on Aliexpress; we have made a selection of popular models in a separate article.

    Material from the site lessonradio.narod.ru revised and expanded.

SOLDERING BASICS Link to main publication

Source: https://www.radioingener.ru/osnovy-pajki/

How to properly solder with a soldering iron with solder and rosin

If in Soviet times there was a game for schoolchildren, the essence of which was to solder a radio-electronic microcircuit on their own, which they successfully did, but now the question of how to properly use a soldering iron puts many in a difficult position. Although learning how to solder with a soldering iron is not so difficult, and having mastered the basics for “dummies”, you will be able to carry out simple work on your own without turning to specialists.

Soldering with a soldering iron

In order to start soldering, you need to prepare a workplace and the necessary tools. Regardless of the type of proposed work, the following requirements are imposed on the workplace:

• The presence of good lighting will allow you not only to work comfortably, but also to notice small flaws in the soldered parts, which is difficult if there is a lack of light;
• No flammable items;
• Free working space on which you can easily place the part to be soldered;
• The presence of ventilation will make work not only more comfortable, but also safer; inhaling molten rosin has a negative effect on the respiratory system;
• A magnifying glass makes it possible to work even with small parts and thin wires;
• A simple stand solves the problem of placing a heated soldering iron.

The next stage of preparation will be the choice of tool, and a beginner is always faced with the question of what is needed for soldering with a soldering iron.

Soldering iron selection

The basis of high-quality soldering is heating metal parts to the soldering temperature; accordingly, for each type of work it is recommended to use soldering irons of different capacities:

• For soldering radio components and microcircuits, it is best to use a soldering iron with a power of no more than 60 Watts, otherwise you can overheat the part or simply melt it;
• Parts up to 1 mm thick will warm up better when using a tool with a power of 80-100 Watts;
• Parts with a wall thickness of up to 2 mm require greater power and some experience in operation, so soldering of such parts will not be considered in this article.

Source: https://pochini.guru/sovety-mastera/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron: instructions for beginners

When a novice electrician watches a master work with a soldering iron, all the actions seem simple and understandable.

However, as soon as you pick up the tool yourself, troubles immediately begin: the solder does not hold, the contacts fall off, the insulation burns, the tip becomes covered with soot.

To prevent this from happening, certain rules must be followed.

The master knows them and fulfills them. For a beginner, I advise you to first understand how to solder correctly with a soldering iron. Only after that do you take on this work.

3 main secrets: posture, light and air

Even at home, to perform high-quality soldering, a comfortable worker position with good lighting is required. I recommend installing a desktop near a window that receives sunlight during the day and an artificial source of light in the evening.

Soldering involves heating substances and releasing fumes. Although heated rosin smells like pine needles, this smell is still harmful if inhaled frequently. And other fluxes and acids are even more dangerous. Entering the body through the respiratory system, they accumulate and cause chronic diseases.

Therefore, ventilation is important. Work with an open window, or even better, use forced exhaust.

Useful devices

A short tin with a paper lining is necessary for working with solder and rosin.

A special stand helps to store a heated soldering iron, and a sponge allows you to clean the hot tip from oxides.

It is convenient to remove excess melted solder with a desoldering pump.

Working with small objects is made easier by tweezers, small vices, and “third hand” devices. The simplest option: regular pliers with an elastic band.

You can make other simple designs with your own hands.

Selecting and preparing a soldering iron

The sale offers various models with voltage from 12 to 220 or 380 volts. Each soldering iron is created for a specific job, although it has universal capabilities.

They are assessed by the power consumption of electrical energy, which is spent on heating the tip of the tip.

It is convenient to solder radio components with a soldering iron with a power of 40÷60 watts, and for wires choose 80÷100.

For beginner soldering ironers, it is enough to use simple models of two soldering iron designs with:

1. heating from nichrome wire and a copper rod;
2. ceramic insert and copper tip with nickel coating.

The first type of soldering iron is cheaper, but it requires constant care of the tip, takes longer to heat up to the desired temperature, and wears out faster.

A soldering iron with a ceramic insert works better, but is more expensive. In addition, ceramics require careful handling. It can break due to mechanical shock.

Personal preferences

I have been using transformer soldering irons of the “Moment” type for more than 30 years.

Some people don't like it because of the extra weight. But for me this indicator is not critical. The industrial wattage of 65 is good for amateur radio soldering, but it is not enough for connecting electrical wires.

Therefore, I assembled a more powerful structure with my own hands.

This technology is described in a separate article on the website.

About counterfeit brands

For a long time I could not understand why I like transformer soldering irons, but they are massively criticized on the Internet. Even in the above article, readers expressed a negative opinion about them, criticizing their fragility and poor quality.

I realized this only after a visitor to my site sent me a burnt-out soldering iron from the Chinese company Licota for experiments.

It looks very nice, is light in weight, fits comfortably in the hand and is originally packaged. Upon closer examination of it, I discovered many installation and design defects. I wrote them down in separate articles:

When buying cheap soldering irons from dubious sellers, you can end up with low-quality products, lose money and time. Please pay attention to electrical performance and warranties.

There are other different types of soldering irons designed to get professional work done well. But it’s better to start learning soldering using the models described above.

About sharpening the tip

Cleanliness is not only a guarantee of our health, but also a guarantee of high-quality soldering. It must be observed during work.

The copper tip of the soldering iron heats up to such a state that oxides and carbon deposits form on it. When they penetrate the solder, you can forget about the quality of the soldering. Therefore, the tip of the tip should always be clean and well sharpened.

Its shape is created for a specific type of parts to be soldered:

• The “flat head screwdriver” transfers heat well. It is used to heat massive parts;
• A “pyramid” or “sharp cone” makes it more convenient to control the amount of heating. It is used to connect small radio elements or thin wires;
• The “blunted cone” is sharpened for soldering medium-section wires.

The first type of sharpening is more popular. It can be formed by hammer blows. Then the metal is better compacted and retains its properties longer.

By placing this tip on the part to be soldered with a plane or an acute angle, you can regulate the degree of its heating.

Modern ceramic soldering irons have a set of removable tips of the most necessary shapes. They are coated with a layer of nickel on top and do not require sharpening or preparatory treatment.

How to tin a copper tip

The tip of a new soldering iron without a protective nickel coating must be coated with a thin layer of solder, which will protect it from carbon deposits and premature wear. For this:

1. the soldering iron is turned on under voltage, heating the tip to working condition;
2. immerse it in a piece of rosin;
3. melt the solder, distributing it over the surface of the tip tip. It is convenient to use a wooden object.

What are the soldering steps?

The main objective of this technology is to connect two metal parts, most often conductors, with a low-melting alloy so that they hold firmly and pass electric current with the lowest possible resistance.

To do this, you need to perform a series of actions sequentially. Let's look at them using the example of soldering wires. This:

• removing insulation from the connected ends of the wire;
• mechanical stripping of metal cores to an ideal state of oxides;
• heat treatment with flux - tinning the ends with a thin layer;
• heating the solder and applying it to the soldering area.

Removing insulation

The dielectric layer of the wire can be made of polyethylene, fabric, varnish or other similar material. It needs to be removed.

This work is best done with a sharp knife, placing its blade almost parallel to the axis of the metal core. This prevents cutting and deep scratches. They weaken mechanical strength and increase electrical resistance. This cannot be allowed.

Thin wires coated with varnish can simply be treated with an open flame of matches or a lighter. The same method is suitable for twisted pair and even thicker wires.

There are special pliers of various designs on sale for stripping insulation from the end of a wire of any diameter. They allow this work to be done professionally without damaging the core.

After removing the insulation, the condition of the metal surface is assessed. Pay attention to cleanliness, absence of dents and cuts.

Removing dirt and oxide film

Only pure metal can ensure a high-quality connection of parts when soldering. It is created by mechanical cleaning of the surface and chemical solutions.

First, they work with a knife blade, lightly pressing it against the contaminated metal at an obtuse angle. The core is pulled from the insulation layer to the bare end, rotating slightly in one direction. The metal will immediately lose its dullness and begin to shine.

Chemical cleaning involves treatment with solvents, alcohol, and FES flux.

Tinning of contact pads

The final cleaning of the metal surface of the conductor is carried out by heat treatment with flux, using a tinned soldering iron tip. The most popular and universal remedy is rosin. It is used in a solid state, dissolved in alcohol or jelly-like.

The sale allows you to purchase rosin in any form and provides a wide range of other fluxes.

For soldering parts of electrical circuits, it is not recommended to use fluxes containing acids . They are quite difficult to completely neutralize, and even minor residues quickly oxidize the metal and destroy its structure.

The sequence of tinning a wire core with solid rosin:

1. Heat the soldering iron to the desired temperature. It can range from 180 to 240 degrees and depends on the solder and the metal parts being connected. To control the heating, the tips are touched with a tip of solid rosin. If it begins to rapidly form steam, then heating is normal.
2. The cleaned conductor is placed on the rosin and touched with the tip of the soldering iron. The wire is rotated to coat it evenly with molten flux.
3. The tip of a soldering iron melts the solder and applies it to the rosin-treated wire, evenly distributing it over the surface.

A solution of rosin in alcohol is applied with a brush to the surface to be tinned or simply dripped through a dropper tube.

Jelly-like rosin is squeezed out of a special syringe, which is very convenient to do.

The conductor treated with liquid or jelly-like rosin is heated with a heated soldering iron tip with a drop of solder, accelerating it over the entire contact area.

Direct soldering

It is started after both contact pads are prepared for connection: cleaned of dirt and oxides, tinned.

The soldered ends are connected together. A piece of solder is placed on them with a heated soldering iron, ensuring that it spreads over both areas. After this, the tip is sharply retracted to the side, and the parts remain motionless until the tin completely hardens. This is judged by a slight darkening of its color.

Correctly performed soldering is distinguished by a strong connection of contacts and a smooth surface of the solidified solder, which is slightly shiny. Its quality is checked using a small mechanical tensile force.

If the surface of the solder has darkening and unevenness, then the soldering is unreliable and needs to be corrected.

5 Tips for Creating Reliable Soldering

These include:

1. Warming up of the parts to be connected should be done not with the tip of the tip, but with its side surface. This provides greater contact and better temperature transfer. However, when working with a tip with a blunt tip or a transformer soldering iron, this advice will practically not help.
2. To give increased strength to the connection being created, additional twisting of the wires is done.
3. A mechanical device, the third hand, makes it easier to fix the stationary position of the parts being connected.
4. New electronic components are manufactured with tinned contact surfaces. If they are not contaminated in any way, then flux and solder can be immediately applied to them without prior tinning. This speeds up the soldering process.
5. The sale offers craftsmen tubular solder, inside of which there is a flux. Usually this is rosin. This combination is easier to work with: the number of intermediate operations is reduced due to the simultaneous supply of both components.

4 signs of high-quality soldering

The reliability of the connection is assessed by:

1. the bright shine of the created surface layer;
2. absence of excess solder on parts;
3. tensile strength of control mechanical force;
4. integrity of the insulation layer, absence of traces of melting.

Additionally, I recommend watching the video from the owner of AutoAndElectronics “How to solder correctly with a soldering iron.”

If you still have questions about this topic, then ask them in the comments. I will definitely answer.

Source: https://HouseDiz.ru/kak-payat-payalnikom-pravilno-instrukciya-dlya-novichkov/

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron - working with a soldering iron and its features

The soldering process itself is not complicated - we prepare the parts, treat them with flux, heat them up, and add solder in the soldering area. But, as in any business, there are some nuances that you need to know in order to get a quality result.

What is the soldering process?

Soldering is performed when two parts need to be joined.

Before the process, it is necessary to prepare the components: clean them from dirt and remove the oxide film at the soldering site, since the presence of even slight dirt or oxidation will prevent reliable joining of the materials.

When choosing solder, you need to be guided by the rule - the melting temperature of the solder should be lower than the melting temperature of the elements that are planned to be connected.

Procedure for soldering technology:

The surfaces of the parts must be cleaned of dirt, rust, oxide film, etc., so that the base metal shines. To remove oxidation and prevent it in the future, it is necessary to coat the parts at the joint with flux. You can apply it with a brush in a thin layer.

An alternative to the second step is a processing option called tinning. Mainly used for processing wires. The stripped wire is placed on rosin, heated with a soldering iron, the wire must be turned so that it is all in the molten rosin, then a thin layer of molten solder is applied, which chemically connects with the base metal (you can take a drop of solder directly with a soldering iron and apply it to the part).

The parts are connected mechanically: for example, when working with wires, you need to twist them; The output elements on the board are fixed with plasticine, wax or hot glue; other parts can be clamped with pliers or a vice.

Additional flux is applied to avoid oxidation when heated. Solder is applied with a heated soldering iron.

For ease of understanding, we attach photo instructions on how to solder correctly.

Types of soldering irons

In everyday life, networked soldering irons operating on a voltage of 220 V are common.

Professionals prefer soldering stations. Their main advantage is the presence of a thermostat, thanks to which the set temperature is stably ensured.

In the case of network soldering irons, the temperature is determined by the rosin or flux; when the soldering iron is ready for use, they begin to boil well, but should not be allowed to burn.

For home use, you can purchase two soldering irons with low (40-60 W) and medium power (100 W). A low-power soldering iron is designed for soldering parts in electronics.

Flux

This is a mixture for removing oxidation from metal parts before the soldering process. Flux treatment allows the solder to better spread over the joint and protect it from corrosion when heated. Flux can be found in the form of liquid, paste and powder. It is, of course, more convenient to apply liquid flux.

Fluxes can be rosin, ammonia, boric and orthophosphoric acids, and regular aspirin tablets.

It is easy to find flux on sale for any type of work, and as a rule, the label already indicates how and for what materials to use it. This allows you not to engage in amateur activities, but to use an already prepared mixture, which will avoid surprises in the form of soot.

Rosin is a popular flux, has a pleasant odor when heated, and is non-toxic. How to solder with a soldering iron with rosin: you can immediately take the liquid version of rosin, it is more convenient. If we are dealing with solid rosin, then first you need to melt it with a soldering iron and apply it to the soldering site with a tip.

Rosin is suitable for soldering copper conductors, radio and electrical elements, and behaves well with gold and silver. Residues of rosin after soldering must be removed to prevent metal corrosion.

Alcohol-rosin flux (abbreviated SKF) is rosin with alcohol in proportions of one to three. It is used in the same cases as regular rosin. Easier to use due to its liquid state.

Solder

Solder has a lower melting point than the material of the elements being joined, so when hot it envelops the joint, and after cooling the two parts become one. At what temperature to solder depends on the chemical composition of the parts and the selected solder.

Alloys used as solders:

• tin+lead
• copper
• cadmium
• nickel
• silver, etc.

Lead-tin solders PIC are most often found on the market. The abbreviation PIC is followed by a numerical value that indicates the amount of tin. The higher it is, the more tin, which has a positive effect on the strength and electrical conductivity of the future connection.

This tip will help you figure out how to solder with tin correctly; rosin is usually chosen as the flux (the most convenient option is tin wire, which already has rosin inside).

Lead serves as a regulator of the solidification process, since tin without this auxiliary element will crack and become covered with needles. Lead can be replaced by indium or zinc (lead-free solders).

For aluminum, you will need to choose specialized flux (F-61A, F-34A) and solder (there are different options).

Soldering iron tips

Almost all tips are made of copper, available with or without coating. Chrome-plated and nickel-plated tips are more heat-resistant, durable and not subject to oxidation.

Uncoated tips require constant cleaning, since when they oxidize they stop working efficiently (the solder does not stick). And during cleaning, the tip wears off quite quickly.

The choice of tip shape depends on the task at hand, but the awl and spatula shapes are considered universal.

Shutdown

After working with the soldering iron is completed, you need to clear the solder tip, and you can turn off the soldering iron. The hot tip needs to be inserted into the solid rosin and wait for it to cool, remove the tip, the excess rosin will drain and the soldering iron, which has now completely cooled, can be put back in place.

Armed with good theoretical knowledge of how to solder correctly with a soldering iron, in practice you can achieve success in this matter.

Photo tips on how to solder correctly with a soldering iron

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Source: https://instrumentgid.ru/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom/

Learning to solder wires - consideration of all the nuances of soldering

Soldering wires with a soldering iron is not difficult, so even an inexperienced electrician can handle this method of connecting copper wires. Next, we will tell you how to properly solder wires in a distribution box - the place where electrical wiring is carried out in rooms.

The technology will be provided step by step, with pictures and video examples, so that you can more clearly understand how to solder two wires together. We immediately draw your attention to the fact that we will tell you how to solder copper wires. This is due to the fact that aluminum conductors are practically no longer used at home.

GOST standards recommend avoiding the connection of different non-ferrous metals (aluminum and copper conductors), so the only safe option for a private house and apartment is to solder the copper cable cores.

Step 1 – Prepare the tool

First, you need to prepare a soldering iron for soldering wires with your own hands. All that is required is to thoroughly clean the tip from solder residues or other possible contaminants.

For this you can use a regular file. In addition, you must prepare solder and flux, without which you will not be able to solder wires with a soldering iron. As for solder, in order to solder the wires, you can use either an alloy of tin and lead, or a special thread, as shown in the photo below.

Flux is necessary so that during soldering the solder evenly covers the materials being soldered. In addition, flux removes the oxide film from copper conductors, which significantly impairs the reliability of the connection. As a flux, you can use either rosin or special soldering acid. Both options are popular among craftsmen.

Another important stage of preparation is creating a suitable workplace. You should have an outlet and a stand for a soldering iron nearby so that the technology of soldering wires with your own hands is safe.

By the way, you can make a soldering iron with your own hands, which will not take much time and effort. A homemade device will serve you for quite a long time, as you can see for yourself!

Step 2 – Tinning

So, if you need to solder two power wires together, then first of all you must remove the polyethylene insulation and tin the exposed wires, especially if they are very thin.

Before soldering, the stranded conductor is first twisted and then treated with flux, on top of which a thin layer of heated solder is applied.

Before soldering, be sure to prepare the tip of the soldering iron - dip it in flux (in the same rosin as shown in the photo), and then in tin so that the tip is covered with a small layer of solder.

Tinning wires for soldering is quite simple - first you must place the bare wire on the rosin, then heat this place with a soldering iron so that the wires are immersed in the flux. After this, you need to take it out and treat it evenly on all sides with solder.

To properly apply the heated tin-lead alloy to the surface, twist the wire in your hands while tinning. If you need to connect the wires in a junction box, for convenience, you can use acid instead of rosin.

It is enough to simply apply it with a brush to the surface that you need to solder.

If the conductors have a large cross-section (thick), tinning is performed in a similar way. The only difference is that you do not need to pre-twist the cores, like a stranded conductor.

After you have completed the tinning, you can move on to the soldering process. We immediately draw your attention to the fact that it is necessary to carry out work only when the electricity is turned off. Soldering live wires is strictly prohibited!

Step 3 – Solder the wires

Well, the last thing left is to solder the two prepared wires in the junction box. All you need to do is twist or overlap the wires and heat the joint with a soldering iron. The solder will melt and after it hardens, it will reliably connect the electrical conductors. We discussed tips for connecting wires by soldering in a junction box separately.

An important point - do not move the wires during soldering, otherwise the connection will not be reliable enough.

It should also be noted that preliminary tinning does not need to be done, but simply twist the wires together in a junction box, treat them with flux and solder them properly. However, we do not recommend you soldering this way, because in this case the connection will be much worse.

Source: https://samelectrik.ru/uchimsya-payat-provoda-rassmotrenie-vsex-nyuansov-pajki.html

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron

Many breakdowns can be repaired yourself; all you need to do is equip yourself with a soldering iron. With minimal skills, you can solder loose wires and parts and thus restore the functionality of the device. The question often arises, how to learn to solder? In fact, it’s not that difficult, the main thing is to get the hang of it. With a little experience, you can carry out home repairs on almost any device where the essence of the breakdown is torn and disconnected parts.

What do you need to learn to solder?

To solder anything, you first need to prepare a work area. The part itself should be located on it, as well as the place where you will put the tool. Please note that the soldering iron heats up to high temperatures, so it should not be placed on plastic or other flammable objects. The best solution would be to use a metal or ceramic stand.

It is also worth taking care in advance of those tools that may be needed during the work. These can be pliers for holding large objects or tweezers for fixing small parts.

Additionally, you need to have a damp sponge on hand; use it to remove the remnants of old solder on the tip.

If all of the above are recommendations rather than mandatory items, then  three elements are always required for soldering:

• the soldering iron itself is a tool whose tip heats up to high temperatures and is capable of melting solder;
• solder - a metal or alloy that melts at relatively low temperatures and is capable of conducting current (most often it is tin);
• flux is a substance that has degreasing and oxidation-preventing properties.

The principle of soldering is extremely simple and has remained unchanged for many years.

There is a simple diagram of how to solder correctly:

1. Cleaning parts from old solder. This point can be omitted when repairing modern (mostly Chinese) devices - there is so little solder in them that if they break down, the place remains almost clean.

2. Degreasing the tip and parts. For this, either liquid flux or rosin is used. This must be done to ensure that the tin attaches to the items. First, the parts and the soldering iron itself are treated with flux, after which they are evenly coated with solder. This process is also called tinning.

3. Melt the tin and put the required amount on the tip. This moment requires some skill. Most beginners fail to take the required amount of solder, which is why the parts are either not soldered at all, or the work done does not look neat.

4. Holding the parts to be soldered together, transfer solder to the joint. At this stage it is important to hold objects clearly. If your hand shakes, the parts will come apart and the procedure will have to start over. It is important to hold the parts until the solder hardens.

How to solder with a soldering iron with rosin?

Rosin is considered a classic substance used in soldering. The whole principle of operation remains the same, the main differences are noticeable only at the degreasing stage.

The peculiarity of rosin is that it is a solid resin. Most often it is in a small metal jar with an airtight lid.

Despite the variety of modern liquid solders, rosin still remains a popular material. Many radio amateurs are confident that only with its help can high-quality and fast soldering be performed.

The peculiarity of how to properly solder with rosin is that you need to press the tip and wires against the resin itself. After this, solder is applied. The goal is to achieve uniform coverage of the part with solder.

When choosing a flux in this way, it is worth considering one point. Rosin is not compatible with all metals, so for complex soldering it is worth choosing a different flux that is suitable for all parts.

How to solder wires with a soldering iron? Work specifics

The soldering technique differs slightly depending on what exactly is being worked with. Working with various parts and circuits has its own specifics due to the size and characteristics of the fastening.

The process of soldering wires is distinguished separately. It is slightly different from the process of attaching regular parts. There is a certain inconvenience in this work - the wires are flexible and movable, so they must be tightly fixed when soldering.

Here's how to solder wires:

1. Strip the wire. The size of the cleared space should correspond to the soldering area. If you expose too little of the reins, it will interfere with your work, and if you expose too much, it may cause a short circuit.

2. If the selected wire is stranded, you need to twist it tightly so that all the wires are adjacent to each other. If you don't do this, some of them may not attach. In this case, not only will the quality of the connection deteriorate, but the risk of breakage will also increase.

3. First, the soldering iron is tinned, then the wire itself. When using rosin, this is conveniently done by immersing it in the resin and heating it with a sting. It is necessary to achieve uniform coverage.

4. The wire is attached to the place by applying solder and fixing until it hardens.

You can also connect the wires to each other using a soldering iron. Before soldering, the wires are stripped and twisted together. Only after this is tinning and soldering done (solid rosin is most often used, but liquid solder can also be applied with a brush).

It doesn’t really matter what kind of wires you use: either copper or aluminum can be easily soldered.

There are several simple methods on how to learn how to perform such work efficiently. The classic and most effective option is to use wire. Twelve identical sections are cut from it, after which a cube is formed by soldering. The design is tested for strength by squeezing the cube in your fist. If not a single edge has fallen apart, the job is done correctly. In the opposite case, a new set of wires is cut and the model is soldered again.

Features of how to solder microcircuits

The specificity of the microcircuit is the small size of the parts, as well as the high probability of their overheating. It is very important to remove the device quickly. If necessary, a heat sink is used - tweezers or another metal object can act as it.

For such work, it is worth choosing a soldering iron with a small tip, since there is a very small distance between the parts. There are several soldering methods. Some craftsmen prefer to make indentations in the soldering iron tip, others connect using a special solder paste, and still others methodically solder the taps one after another.

To understand how to properly solder a particular part, you need to determine what temperature needs to be applied. Much depends on the material from which the board is made. Most often it is 200-300 degrees Celsius.

How to solder the boards largely depends on their design. Simpler circuits are easily connected by alternating solder wires, but complex modern chips require special care - after all, by soldering the next part you can easily eliminate the previous one.

How to solder with a soldering iron with acid? Features of work

Some craftsmen are confident that using acid is much simpler and more reliable than soldering with rosin. However, the use of such a substance can lead to corrosion of the installation.

The use of soldering acid plays a big role when there is a need to remove the oxide film from surfaces, which leads to a better and more durable connection.

This material is suitable for processing connections of cast iron parts, as well as all kinds of precious and ferrous metals.

The main instruction on how to properly solder with such flux is compliance with safety precautions. The type of acid chosen must clearly correspond to the material you will be joining.

It is also worth taking care of the safety of surrounding objects - a drop of flux can corrode some objects, as it is an aggressive chemical.

This flux can be made with your own hands or purchased in a store. For beginners, the second option is preferable, since the composition will not only be uniquely effective, but also, of course, suitable for your parts. In this case, you can always turn to a consultant for help and clarify the correct choice.

Source: https://1000sovetov.ru/article_kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom

How to use a soldering iron

Every man in his life is faced with the fact that he has to repair something with his own hands. Sometimes soldering wires will require soldering iron skills.

1

Features of working with a soldering iron

A simple soldering method has some nuances: it is soldered with low-melting solder (it is also called soft), but massive parts that have a high heat transfer cannot be soldered. Therefore, if you need to solder something large, then an ordinary household soldering iron will not cope with such a task.

What else you need to prepare for work:

Regarding the choice of the main working tool: there are different soldering irons; for a beginner, the most common, low-power one is suitable.

Gas, induction and hot-air soldering irons are already the choice of professionals. There is also no need to purchase a massive soldering iron, because working with such a tool at home will be problematic.

Regarding the choice of a soldering iron, we can recommend the following: choose a tool with a comfortable handle, a power in the range of 25-40 W, but if you need to solder thick parts, then you will need a tool with a power of up to 100 W. As for the size and shape of the tip, you need to understand the scope of work. Experts advise buying a soldering iron with a regular tip (copper) and sharpening it at the desired angle, and then you can buy several more replacement tips of different shapes.

Additionally, along with purchasing a soldering iron, we advise you to immediately buy soldering wire (solder). If you managed to find pure tin, great, but for a beginner, a low-melting metal (40% lead + 60% tin) is suitable.

You also need to buy flux to remove the thin film from the wires or parts being soldered. In the last century, radio amateurs used rosin for soldering, but now you can buy modern material that does not emit an odor and does not spoil the soldering iron tip.

2

How to use a soldering iron. Tips for a newbie

First preparation:

• Plug in the soldering iron and be sure to place the tool on the stand.
• The soldering iron should be placed on the windowsill and the window should be opened. The first switching on is for 30 minutes, so that the tip warms up well.
• Turn off the device. Now the tip of the sting needs to be placed in rosin - this is tinning.
• Without wasting time, you need to attach the tip to the solder (both sides), and if you have one, then to the spruce board.
• And this must be repeated until the sting changes its color and becomes a shade of light silver.

How to solder wires:

• For training, it is better to prepare a piece of brass and a piece of copper wire. As for solder, we recommend buying solder balls. Before soldering, the balls are heated to a temperature of 200 degrees;
• tinning the wire: strip the insulation, dip the stripped tip of the wire into rosin along with the heated tip, wait for the rosin to boil and slowly remove the wire;
• Now you can take the solder and apply it to the wire;
• connecting a wire to a piece of brass: touch the soldering point with the tip of a heated soldering iron. The solder should change color - you can carefully remove the tip and wait until the material hardens completely;

3

Organization of the workplace and advice for beginners

Before you begin large-scale work, you need to prepare your workplace: think in advance where the soldering iron will be located and take precautions. The power tool gets very hot, so you should not place the soldering iron on the edge of the table, or even more so on an unprotected surface.

The room in which you will work should be well ventilated; it is advisable to position yourself near a light source (under a lamp or right next to a window).

Tips for beginners:

• The soldering iron tip must always be kept in order: after work and complete cooling, the tip can be cleaned and wiped with a damp cloth;
• solder seams should be checked immediately, and if the work is delicate, we recommend purchasing a magnifying glass;
• soldering rules: first, all small parts and wiring are soldered while the tip is still thin, then coarser soldering is performed;
• All sensitive parts should be soldered last.

Source: https://sovetclub.ru/kak-polzovatsya-payalnikom

How to solder correctly with a soldering iron: video instructions on how a soldering iron works, soldering wires - SibNovStroy

At first glance, soldering wires does not seem to be a difficult task, but in practice this simple process has many subtleties and nuances, and without knowledge of which it is difficult to cope with the task correctly.

How to solder wires correctly? Soldering wires with your own hands instructions

How well you do at soldering depends on the correct choice of materials, cleanliness of the tools, and a few other important details.

Flux and solder - why are they needed and how to use them?

Soldering wires requires the use of a special material - solder. Its role is usually played by some easily meltable but durable material. If you want to solder your wires as efficiently as possible, then pure tin is the best solder choice.

Unfortunately, it is not so easy to acquire, and it does not cost a penny, so pure material, as a rule, is replaced by tin-lead alloys. In fact, this option is not much inferior to pure tin, so feel free to use this material for soldering wires.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the flux. In this case, we are talking about a special substance that has antioxidant properties.

Why do you need flux?

It is simply necessary, otherwise the wires will oxidize during the soldering process (that is, they will collapse and lose their properties). Solder cannot be used on metal materials without the use of flux. If you start looking for materials for soldering, you will quickly discover that there are tons of different fluxes.

Many of them are not suitable for soldering wires due to the presence of acid in the composition. You can't go wrong if you use regular pine rosin as a means to prevent wire oxidation. The material is not exotic, it is easy to find, and it fits one hundred percent.

Maintaining cleanliness is the key to success

The cleanliness of the soldering iron is of great importance. It is difficult to work with a dirty tool tip, because the solder will melt under the influence of temperature, but will not stick to the tip itself. You need to act in this way: keep the soldering iron clean, regularly clean the tip, and before starting work, tin it (that is, apply a layer of solder to its surface).

As you work, a dark coating will appear on the instrument. It needs to be cleaned, otherwise soldering will become difficult.

In addition to the cleanliness of the tool itself, the cleanliness of the wires you solder is of great importance. Carefully strip the wires, and then, placing them on rosin, heat them with a soldering iron. The main thing: do not overdo it with heating.

Correct wire connection

Finally, while warming up the parts well, make sure that the wires are connected correctly. If you need to solder two wires, first squeeze and twist them with force, treat the connection with rosin, and then touch with a hot soldering iron. Once warmed up, the solder will flow and fill all the gaps. Carefully distribute the solder over the joint, do it evenly and carefully.

The time for soldering one connection is several seconds. And although the solder hardens quickly, try not to move the joint for at least ten seconds.

Source: https://sibnovostroy.ru/obrabotka/kak-pravilno-payat-payalnikom-video-instruktsiya-kak-rabotaet-payalnik-pajka-provodov.html

How to learn how to solder correctly with an electric soldering iron: operating rules

The soldering procedure is a very simple operation if you follow the technological process and the availability of skills. This article will tell you how to solder correctly at home and explain the basics of soldering work.

Starting from the simplest soldering of wire strands and gradually mastering more complex actions, the skill and quality of connecting parts will increase. How to properly solder with a soldering iron with rosin and acid is described in the technological process of soldering work, which is radically different from welding.

In addition to conventional electric soldering irons, experienced craftsmen have professional soldering stations for repairing printed circuit boards of complex devices.

Soldering technology

There are four types of devices used for soldering: electric, induction, gas, hot air. Electric soldering irons have a spiral or ceramic type heater, gas soldering irons use a torch, and hot air soldering irons use an air flow. The most commonly used are electric soldering irons, which are very easy to use and affordable. They are divided according to power, which determines the release of heat flow to the contacting parts.

Soldering of electronic elements is carried out with electric soldering irons with a power of up to 40 W, and for thin-walled parts, devices of about 80-100 watts are used. More massive devices are used to work with metal with a wall thickness of 2 mm or more. These tools include hammer-type soldering irons with a power of over 250 W. The choice of an electric soldering iron is also influenced by the thermal conductivity of the workpiece.

The soldering process takes advantage of the ability of molten metal to flow well. This joining method makes the parts one-piece, united by a layer of solder after the hot mass has solidified. The amount of electrical conductivity depends on the quality of the soldering of the contacts. To learn how to work with a soldering iron, it is recommended to watch the corresponding video, as well as study the instructions for working with this electrical appliance.

Connecting parts by soldering is possible if two conditions are met:

• cleanliness of the adhesion site;
• compliance with temperature conditions.

Cleanliness of the soldering area

The presence of an oxide film on the legs of radio components prevents attachment to the solder surface. This process occurs at the atomic level, so the presence of contaminants will not ensure that it adheres reliably to the elements. Fluxes are used to prevent the formation of an oxide film. In order to understand how to properly solder with rosin or acid, familiarize yourself with the technology of their use.

Compliance with temperature conditions

Before you start soldering, you need to decide on the choice of alloy for the elements used. The temperature at which the solder goes into a molten state must be below the permissible temperature for the parts being soldered. This is especially true for aluminum compounds, as well as elements with large shrinkage during solidification, which interferes with the normal crystalline formation of the solder mass.

Basic mistakes when working with a soldering iron

The soldering process seems to be a very simple matter only to the uninitiated. However, it requires some knowledge and certain skills, depending on experience. Learning how to solder correctly with rosin, solder and acid is not difficult at all.

To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology, the basic principles of performing work, and try to avoid the main mistakes. Before you learn how to solder with a soldering iron, you should carefully study the basic operating techniques, as well as some nuances. Dexterity comes gradually, as does the quality of the connections performed.

Typical mistakes made by beginners when using a soldering iron include:

• don't drink;
• overheat;
• solder rolling;
• chemical destruction.

Don't get lost

Poor soldering threatens the failure of electrical parts and occurs for several reasons. This occurs due to a poorly heated soldering iron tip, the use of a refractory alloy, the movement of contacts during the solidification of the mass, as well as an excessively cold soldering surface.

Overheat

This process occurs when an electric soldering iron is used with more power than necessary, as well as a high temperature of its tip for a certain type of soldering work. In addition, overheating occurs when a heated soldering iron is exposed to the work area for a long time, or when refractory solder is used to connect elements with low temperature resistance. This leads to thermal destruction of connecting wires and parts, and a change in their characteristics.

Solder rolling

The rolling process occurs due to poor cleaning of the elements being connected. The oxidizing layer on them does not allow the alloy to spread well and get into small crevices. In addition, this occurs when the joints are poorly treated with flux, as well as the brand of flux does not match the metal being soldered. Rolling leads to poor contact and possible mechanical damage at the slightest external influence.

Chemical destruction

Chemical destruction occurs when the wrong flux is chosen, which does not match the type of elements being connected by electrical soldering. In addition, it can occur if the joints are not washed at the end of the work process. This threatens corrosion and destruction of the metal conductor.

This information will help you understand how to learn how to properly solder electrical connections to ensure reliable contact.

Preparatory process

At this stage, the electric soldering iron and the products to be connected are prepared. To determine what is needed to solder parts with a soldering iron, you need to have a minimum set of components at home. It consists of an electric soldering iron, fluxes for various materials, solder, and auxiliary tools. A new electric soldering iron may smoke when initially plugged into the mains. This is quite normal - this is how preservative oils burn out on its sting.

Tips can have different shapes, suitable for various types of soldering. The new tip is tin-plated to protect against wear and oxidation. To do this, the heated tip is immersed in rosin, the metal is melted on it, and then rubbed on a wooden block. As a result of this procedure, the tip should be completely covered with alloy. During the soldering process, the flux gradually corrodes the copper tip, which requires periodic sharpening and repetition of the tinning procedure.

Before soldering with rosin and tin with a soldering iron, the area is prepared. Parts used for electrical soldering are cleaned of contaminants and degreased. For this, various solvents based on acetone, gasoline and other liquids are used, and rust is removed mechanically. This is necessary to quickly remove the oxidizing film from the surfaces being joined.

Tinning or fluxing

Tinning involves covering the surface of the products to be joined with a thin layer of solder. This procedure is used in the preparatory process, as well as the intermediate and final ones. Using the preparatory procedure greatly facilitates the final connection of the elements, since already tinned parts are easily soldered.

Tinning the ends of wires of various diameters is one of the most common soldering operations. Flux is applied to the core that has been cleared of insulation, after which a tip with solder is passed along its surface. The molten metal easily transfers to the core and the tinning procedure is completed. To improve the procedure, it is recommended to mechanically strip the surface of wires and cables. Radio components do not require this preliminary procedure and can be easily soldered on boards.

Different fluxes are used for different metals being joined. They are designed specifically to work with certain materials. Fluxes for electric soldering of aluminum are also suitable for stainless steel products. In this case, it is necessary to clean the surface of the products from their residues after soldering is completed in order to avoid corrosion.

Soldering technique

The work is performed using a soldering iron by draining the solder from the tip onto the part and directly feeding it to the pad of the element being soldered. Regardless of the soldering method, the part is prepared, installed and secured in its working position. After this, the treatment area is wetted with flux and the electric soldering iron is heated. A video with a detailed demonstration of the process will show you how to solder with a soldering iron with rosin.

When the solder is drained from the tip, it is pressed against the soldered element. The flux boils and gradually evaporates, allowing the molten metal to flow smoothly from the tip to the joint. By carrying out translational movements with the sting along the area to be joined, the metal is distributed over the joint area and the area being treated is straightened.

Supplying the alloy to the soldering site involves preheating the elements to the desired joint temperature. After this, the soldering iron feeds the molten metal end-to-end between the tip and the part. This working method is more suitable for large parts.

After using various acid fluxes, they must be washed off to ensure the connection is protected from corrosion.

Solder Types

For soldering with electric soldering irons, low-temperature solders of the POS brand are used. These tin-lead materials are in the form of metal rods. According to GOST, these hard alloys have different tin contents in their composition. Depending on this, they are marked (POS-61, POS-40, POS-30). In addition to them, lead-free and other non-toxic soldering compounds are produced. They have a higher melting point and provide high joint hardness.

Some alloys have a low spreading temperature and are used for radioelements and microcircuits of numerous boards that are especially sensitive to overheating. The actively used ones include tin-silver compositions of the PSR type, as well as tin in its pure form. For numerous soldered parts, there are tables with the components used to connect them.

Soldering temperature

The heating temperature of the tip of an electric soldering iron directly determines the quality of the elements being soldered. Insufficient heating will not allow the metal to spread over the surface even when using flux. Such a connection will have a loose structure and low strength.

The tip temperature should be 40 °C higher than the soldering temperature value, and for soldered parts this indicator must be in the range of 40-80 °C. In this case, the soldering tip heats up 60-120 °C above the melting point of the solder. At soldering stations, the required temperature is set by a special regulator.

To visually determine the required heating, rosin is used as an indicator. It should release steam and boil, remaining on the tip in the form of small boiling drops.

Security measures

During the electrical soldering process, caustic gases are released that are hazardous to health, so work should be carried out in a well-ventilated area. In addition, the technological process is accompanied by periodic splashes of molten metal and flux. Use special glasses to protect your eyes.

Please note that corded electric soldering irons require special precautions because they have exposed metal parts. Pay special attention to the condition of the insulation of the power supply wire.

Make sure that it does not come into contact with the hot parts of the electric soldering iron, which can lead to an electrical short and a fire.

Source: https://oxmetall.ru/pajka/kak-nauchitsya-payat-payalnikom