How is the weight of gemstones measured?
Precious minerals, due to their splendor and radiant shine, have always attracted the eyes of people and become objects of admiration. However, what makes stones so expensive is not only their external beauty, but also their rarity. The cost of unique specimens reaches sky-high levels.
An equally important parameter for setting the price is the weight of the mineral. To measure the mass of precious stones, a non-standard unit is used - the carat, which is well known to jewelers. However, for an uninformed person, the weight of a carat in grams remains a mystery, so before buying expensive jewelry inlaid with diamonds or sapphires, you should know how much one carat weighs and how to determine the number of grams in a gem.
What is carat
To measure the mass of precious stones, the carat is used - a unit that has the designation ct and is equal to 0.2 grams. In England, the same value is used to determine the percentage of gold in the setting, but in this case the unit is abbreviated “K”.
It is important to note that the size of a gem is not measured in ct, since this is a unit of mass, not dimensions. In addition, the parameters of the jewelry insert largely depend on the cutting method by which the crystals take shape.
To determine the cost and value of a mineral, one must know how many cts are contained in a particular sample. When purchasing, do not forget that purity also affects the price, so more does not always mean better.
History of the unit
The history of the origin of the carat as a unit of measurement goes back to earlier times. In the old days there were no scales, so merchants and jewelry dealers had difficulty selling jewelry by original weight. A unified measurement system was invented that compares the size and mass of minerals.
To determine the weight of gems, grains of carato, a ceratonia plant that grew in the area where mineral mining took place, began to be used. In other countries, acacia grains were used as weights. However, the name “carat” owes its appearance to ceratonia. The fact is that the fruits of this tree had the same mass - 0.19 grams - regardless of the place of growth and time.
The measurement was officially agreed upon in 1907 during the Fourth General Conference.
In the USSR, official approval was received in 1922. From that moment on, the mass of jewelry began to be determined in ct.
Kinds
In the modern world, there are two types of units for measuring the mass of jewelry - metric and assay carat. The first is a measure of the weight of precious stones, the second determines the purity of the gold alloy.
Metric
The metric carat is a unit of measure adopted in all developed countries. Metric cts are used to measure the mass of unique and dazzling diamonds. The history of the origin of the unit of measurement goes back to antiquity, where the mass of minerals was determined using ceratonia fruits, which have an identical weight - 189 mg.
Difficulties began when traders discovered that the fruits differed in different countries. This created inconvenience and caused conflicts between merchants. As a result, the idea of adopting a single unit of mass arose, but this was opposed by Great Britain, which adhered to its metric system. Despite the difficulties, the jewelers soon agreed on a single ct - 0.2 grams.
Assay
This type is different from the metric carat and denotes a measure not of weight, but of the purity of the gold alloy. The hallmark carat was invented in Ancient Rome, when the emperor introduced a gold coin that weighed 24 K. A similar coin is still in active circulation in Great Britain. Other countries prefer to use percentages, for example, the 585-carat designation indicates that the jewelry contains 58.5% pure gold.
When using an assay unit to determine the purity of gold, the following ratio is taken: 24K is the pure metal content. Therefore, a piece containing half gold would be 12K. In Russia, the jewelry industry produces jewelry with hallmarks of 750, 585, and 375—18, 14, and 9 K, respectively.
Difference between gold and diamond carats
To answer the question of how diamond carats differ from gold carats, it should be understood that these two definitions are used for different purposes:
- Diamond (metric) carats are used to indicate the weight of minerals, which include famous diamonds. The weight of one carat is 0.2 grams, the designation is ct.
- Gold (assay) standards determine the amount of pure gold and have the abbreviation K. In some countries, for example, in Russia, jewelry is made with hallmarks that can easily be converted to K.
The system for measuring the weight of gems and the gold content goes back to ancient times and is still used today. In the jewelry industry, carat scales with minimal error are used to determine weight in grams. To calculate carat content, there are many tables with the help of which even a person ignorant in this area can calculate the number of grams.
How many grams in one carat
At the beginning of the 20th century, jewelers agreed on the exact number of grams in a carat. In 1907, they decided to equate the weight of one carat to 0.2 grams. However, not all countries agreed to convert the mass into carats, continuing to use their own values. The countries adopted a unified standard in the following sequence:
- France - 1907
- Holland - 1911
- USA - 1913
- USSR - 1923
Following these states, other countries also decided to convert grams to carats. However, a 1 ct gem is a rare and expensive stone. Much more often you come across crystals with a smaller mass, not reaching 0.2 grams. But here, too, jewelers did not use standard measures and created their own unit - the point. It has been established that one ct (0.2 grams) is equal to 100 points.
How do the mass and diameter of precious gems relate?
Before visiting a jewelry store, a table of the ratio of the diameter, which is measured in millimeters or centimeters, and the weight of the mineral will help you find out approximately the cost of the stone. It is difficult to know the exact weight of a particular specimen, since the gems that go on sale have different cuts. At the same time, the primary goal of every jeweler is to maintain the weight of the original crystal, so gems of the same diameter can weigh differently.
The table will help you understand the intricacies of the relationship between carat and diameter (mm):
| Diameter in mm | Carat weight |
| 4,1 | 0,25 |
| 5,1 | 0,5 |
| 6,4 | 1 |
| 8,2 | 2 |
| 9,4 | 3 |
| 10,4 | 4 |
| 11 | 5 |
| 14 | 10 |
| 16 | 15 |
Similar tables that exist for each jewelry variety of stones allow you to find out the number of grams without removing the precious insert from the ring or earrings.
How to determine carats in a stone
Many lovers of beautiful jewelry and collectors are interested in how to find out the number of ct in a stone. Undoubtedly, this knowledge will not be superfluous - unscrupulous traders are common, and the risk of being deceived is high.
To measure the carat and approximately determine the cost of a shiny stone, you should remember:
- First of all, you need to find out how many grams the mineral weighs.
- The number of ct directly depends on the diameter of the gem: having the exact number, you can easily calculate the number of grams.
To determine the number of ct, use one of the following methods:
- A microbalance is an instrument used to weigh minerals. The measurement accuracy is determined to thousandths.
- According to the formula. This method is suitable for pebbles that are not secured in the product. The formula used for measurement is: m = (d2) xhx 0.0061, where m is mass, h is height, d is diameter.
The most convenient method for determining carat content is to use a table, with the help of which, knowing the diameter, the necessary calculations can be easily made.
Carat table for square-cut minerals (“Asscher”, “princess”):
| Size in mm | Carat weight |
| 3,3 | 0,2 |
| 4,45 | 0,5 |
| 5,55 | 1 |
| 7,05 | 2 |
| 8,05 | 3 |
| 8,85 | 4 |
| 9,5 | 5 |
Gemstones weighing 1 carat will have the following sizes:
| Cut | Size in mm |
| Marquis | 9,8×5,6 |
| Pear | 8,6×5,8 |
| Heart | 6,7×6,5 |
| Emerald | 6,4×4,9 |
| Oval | 7,7×5,9 |
The carat is a unit of measurement for the weight of precious minerals that has been around for many years. Knowing how many grams a carat weighs, and using special tables, you can confidently go shopping at a jewelry store.
Source: https://MoiKamni.info/drugoe/karat
About how much a cube of water actually weighs
How much does a cube of water weigh? Every construction worker and lover of creating comfort around themselves with their own hands should know the answer to such a simple, but at the same time complex question. Very often situations arise in which you need to know exactly how many kilograms a cubic liter of water contains. Such knowledge will help, for example, in designing a swimming pool or pipeline. Well, to expand your general horizons, having such information will not be superfluous.
What is the displacement of one cubic meter of water
Before you find out how much 1 cubic meter of water weighs, you need to clearly understand its quantitative expression in liters. From this we will make a translation into the mass of interest to us. So how many liters are contained in a cube of water?
The "Cube of Water" fountain shows what a cube of liquid would look like
To give an answer, we need to remember distant physics and mathematics lessons, in which teachers tried to put the necessary information into our heads - one cube is equal to 1000 liters.
Are you trying to imagine how much this is to save on annoying utility bills? Let's try to translate such an abstract quantity into more understandable measures:
- 100 aluminum standard buckets;
- 15 washes in an automatic washing machine with a five-kilogram load;
- Take 30 quick morning showers;
- 115 toilet flushes;
- take a bath 14 times;
- Drink 4000 cups of liquid.
Want to save money? Don’t focus on how many cubic meters you spend monthly, but think about how much water flows away just like that, for example, when you take a break from washing the dishes to turn off the kettle or when brushing your teeth.
Just imagine how many liters can leak through a leaking toilet flank. Such unnoticeable mistakes gradually turn into several m3 of water.
And if you translate this into money, do you feel like your hard-earned money just evaporates? Well, okay, we've digressed a bit, now let's get back to the main question.
What is the weight of a cubic meter of water
The weight of 1 liter is usually taken as 1 kilogram, therefore, 1 cubic meter of water fits in one ton. But this is not entirely true. In fact, weight is influenced by many factors: pressure, temperature, the state of aggregation in which it is located. Therefore, a ton of water does not always contain 1000 kilograms.
| Weight measure | Liquid state | Solid state (ice from distilled liquid) | Solid state (pure snow) |
| Glass (250 ml), g | 249,6 | 229 | 12,5-112,5 |
| 1 liter, g | 298,2 | 917 | 50-450 |
| Twelve liter bucket, kg | 11,98 | 11 | 5-15 |
| Cubometer, kg | 998,2 | 917 | 100-450 |
The weight of snow directly depends on its density, which is influenced by the area in which the precipitation occurred and the time that has passed since the snowfall. The density of newly fallen snow is 0.05 gp/cm3 and compacted snow is 0.45 gp/cm3.
Even the force of gravity in different parts of the Earth and on different planets affects the weight of a liquid. For example, on Mars, a liter of water weighs 377 grams, therefore, 1 cubic meter is equal to 377 kg.
But let's not fly far and return to our earthly reality. As for the states of aggregation, in each of them it will have a different weight.
Effect of impurities and temperature on water weight
From a physics point of view, the specific gravity of the liquid is also important. The amount of the substance of interest that is placed in a volume (in 1 of its units) or, if translated into a scientific term - the mass of a unit of volume - is volumetric density or, to put it differently, specific gravity. This value is measured in kg/m3 or in tons/m3 or gp/cm3.
The table below clearly demonstrates the direct effect of temperature and organic impurities on weight. Thus, one cube of liquid in different states contains unequal specific gravity. The data was taken from the reference book of physical properties and materials.
| Name | Number of tons in 1 cube – weight of 1 m3, t/m3 | Number of kilograms in 1 m3 – mass of 1 m3, kg/m3 | Specific gravity, gp/cm3 |
| Water at room temperature at normal atmospheric pressure, m3 | 1 | 1000 | 1 |
| Hot water at normal atmospheric pressure, m3 | 0,98324 | 983,24 | 0,98324 |
| Sea water, m3 | 1,02 | 1020 | 1,02 |
| Water at 0 °C at normal atmospheric pressure, m3 | 0,999 | 999 | 0.999 |
Now you know the true weight of water in different states and under different conditions. And after some simple calculations, you can convert it into the required units of measurement.
Source: https://zamesbetona.ru/podgotovka/skolko-vesit-kub-vody.html
Specific gravity and methods for determining it for gold
Gold is the 11th element of D.I. Mendeleev’s periodic table. The specific gravity of gold is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) and din per cubic centimeter (dyn/cm3). In this case, the dyne is a unit of force in the system of units, which allows us to talk about different ways of measuring the weight of a metal.
Weight of a cube of different metals
Density and mass
Mass is directly related to density. If we are talking about the mass of an element, expressed in g/cm3, then it should be considered as a value similar to density. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, respectively, the mass is equal to the indicated value. Thus, knowing the density, it is easy to determine the mass.
To calculate the specific gravity, a formula is used, which can be applied if you know the density of a particular element. The mentioned formula for calculating weight is the relationship between mass and density.
It looks like this:
Y=P/V, where P is the actual weight of the element, and V is the density.
The formula is used exclusively for gold items. It may not be correct for calculating the mass of other elements.
Gold is a heavy metal; 1 cm3 weighs 19.32 kilograms. Metal is in seventh place in terms of heaviness and density. Its mass has nothing to do with hardness. Despite the external strength, products made from it are soft. In their pure form, they can be deformed and are fragile.
In order for the jewelry to gain strength and not break during use, a certain amount of other elements are added during melting. Most often copper is used for these purposes, but silver, nickel and other metals can be used. Depending on the amount of impurities in the alloy, its mass will change, but the density will remain at the same level. Adding impurities to the alloy reduces the value of the product, which is reflected by the sample.
Information about specific gravity allows you to organize production with less effort and energy, as well as use the element in alloys. Knowing that the density of an element is slightly higher than the density of other metals allows one to isolate its particles from the ore.
Thus, in the process of amalgamation, which makes it possible to separate an element from impurities, many of its characteristics are used, including mass and density. The heavy metal is enveloped in particles of mercury and held by it, while the remains of empty ore are easily removed. This information is also useful when using other extraction methods.
During the smelting process, the element evaporates. When trying to create an alloy, you must consider its mass and density. The density of the molten element decreases and is only 17 g/cm3. In this case, due to the aforementioned evaporation, which begins even before the melting temperature is reached, the mass and volume decrease. This explains the change in the mass of the product after soldering.
To form a strong alloy, elements are selected whose specific gravity is almost identical. If this feature is not taken into account, it can melt and evaporate, and the lighter metal can float. In this regard, the element in question is most often mixed with tungsten, whose density is 19.25 g/cm3.
It is tungsten that is most often used to make counterfeits. Making and selling a fake from tungsten is quite simple. Not only is it identical in density and weight, but it can also easily be disguised as real gold. To determine authenticity, special equipment will be required. A visual inspection and the usual testing methods will probably not show anything.
Characteristics of metals
Osmium, iridium, rhenium, neptunium, platinum and plutonium have similar densities. Due to their rarity and high cost, they are not used for making counterfeits. Some of them are also dangerous to health.
Carat weight system
In jewelry, the term used is caratage. It allows you to determine the mass without resorting to precise mathematical calculations and research. The smallest permissible weight is eight carats. The weight of pure metal of 999 purity is 24 carats, which allows us to say that the product contains 24 shares of a pure element.
The number of carats is indicated when marking the product. The weight of the 585 standard jewelry is 14 carats, and the 917 standard jewelry is 22. Some samples have the same number of carats.
To simplify the determination of quantity, special tables have been created, in which for each sample not only its carat designation is indicated, but also the purity of gold in the alloy. The carat weight system allows you to determine the weight of individual precious items. It is extremely convenient because it allows you to find out the amount of gold without using special scales.
To determine the mass of ingots, slightly different characteristics are used. The optimal weight of one bank bar is 400 troy ounces, or 12.4 kilograms. The troy ounce is not the only unit of mass measurement; it is used only in 90% of cases when it is necessary.
In the USA, the use of bars of different weights is allowed, but one troy ounce is still equivalent to 31 grams. The actual weight of one bank bar ranges between 11 and 13.3 kilograms. The indicated weight is standard; no ingot can have a larger or smaller mass. The exception is special measuring ingots, weighing from 0.5 to one kilogram. Such bullion is used as a commodity or as another means of payment for purchases made.
Thanks to a fairly well-thought-out system, it is almost impossible to counterfeit an ingot, and yet it is important for both the buyer and the seller to know its weight.
The weight of the ingot can be determined by the amount of water it displaces. To do this, it is enough to lower it into a container filled with water, the amount of which is known in advance.
It is worth noting that the mass fraction of a precious element in an ingot or jewelry has a significant impact on its value. The ability to determine its quantity allows you to avoid deception when purchasing, as well as correctly select additional components during the melting process.
Source: https://HochuZoloto.com/svojstva/udelnyy-ves-zolota.html
How much does a standard gold bar weigh?
Gold bar
Once upon a time there lived the Inca people. It was a developed tribe for its time. They had a lot of gold, so much that they made household items, toys and jewelry from it. And it was like that before the arrival of Europeans. The Spanish conquistadors took the available gold and poured ordinary bricks out of beautiful figurines and objects. This is where the rush for gold began, not as a natural miracle, but as an instrument of power.
And now many are interested in how much a gold bar weighs. After all, when these “bricks” are shown in photographs or films, they seem weighty and large. In fact, there are several banking standards that determine the weight of a gold bar. Let us immediately note that purchasing a gold bar is more of a long-term investment. Since in the future it still has to be sold or given away for further processing.
Acquisition
It's good to know where and how to buy a gold bar. After all, this is not public access material, when you can go to the nearest store and buy a “brick”. It is important to understand domestic and global standards. In addition, know how much gold is in the bar.
After all, the sample is an indicator of the amount of valuable material in the alloy, since in most cases gold is not present in the alloy in its pure form. It is a soft metal that necessarily fuses with a harder one. For example, 585 standard corresponds to a weight of 14 carats. That is, out of the entire alloy, the ingot contains 14 shares of pure gold.
999 standard corresponds to 24 carats, which means it has 24 parts of pure gold. In percentage terms it is 100%.
Gold is sold in banks or at specialized exchanges or in jewelry stores (if their weight is less than 1 kg). Moreover, in some cases you can buy not the bullion itself, but securities corresponding to its equivalent. The bullion itself may be in a safe deposit box.
Ingots
These are products that are made weighing up to 1 kg from 999 gold. That is, the gold content in them is almost 100%. To be precise, 99.99%. They are marked with a sample from the manufacturer. Such ingots are considered small-weight. They are supplied for sale not only to banking institutions, but also to jewelry stores.
For a better understanding of the testing of ingots, it should be noted that the indication of the standard is the quantitative content of pure gold per 1000 parts of the alloy. That is, 585 samples are equal to 585 parts out of 1000, the same applies to 999 samples. In Russia, the production of dimensional ingots complies with GOST R 51572-2000, it has the following characteristics:
- Permissible limits of deviation of dimensions. Only length and width are taken into account here. The thickness of the ingot is not taken. The same boundaries are indicated for the mass of the product.
- Changes in shape and dimensions are possible subject to appropriate agreements.
- The surfaces are free of stains, scratches, chips and other defects.
- The surface may change over time due to crystallization of the metal and its shrinkage. A wavy convex or concave surface is acceptable.
- The product must have a stamp with legible information regarding the sample or letter marking. The shape of the ingot will depend on the specifics of production. Information that is indicated on the bars: digital designation of the mass, fineness or fraction of the precious metal, manufacturer’s brand, the inscription “Gold” and “Russia” (for domestic production), the latter inscription must be in an oval.
- The weight of the measuring ingot is no more than 1 kg.
Standard
These are production ingots. How much gold is there in a bar by these standards? The weight can vary within different limits; one ingot can weigh 11-13 kg. Standard products also have parameters defined by GOST:
- A standard ingot is shaped like a low prism. It can be changed by prior agreement.
- The presence of slag or stains is unacceptable. The surface is flat and smooth.
- Depressions no more than 0.5 cm deep are allowed.
- The following information is printed on the bottom base: batch number, weight, sample, metal grade, year of manufacture and manufacturer's mark.
The weight of a standard ingot does not exceed 13.3 kg.
In conclusion, let's summarize. Naturally, on the international London Stock Exchange the weight of the precious metal is measured in troy ounces. But in Russia, standard weight measures are more applicable. Thus, measured ingots that are purchased by private individuals weigh no more than 0.5 kg, and standard ingots for industrial purposes should not be less than 1 kg, but most often the weight of such an ingot is from 10 to 13.5 kg.
Source: http://zolotoigid.ru/standartnyj-slitok-zolota
Weight of a standard gold bar in storage - Yur-Spores
Hello, dear subscribers and guests. This article is about gold. I will tell you how much a gold bar weighs, what they are, what they are used for, what you need to know when buying a gold bar, and how to avoid annoying mistakes.
Types of ingots
Gold bars are used as an investment object, raw material for making jewelry, and gifts. Depending on the method of application, the metal is given different weight, shape and appearance. Refineries are engaged in the production of such products.
Measured
Bullion bars are intended for individuals and can be bought and sold at a bank or jewelry store. For ease of circulation, they are issued in different weights, similar to the denominations of banknotes.
Standard
The standard version is not intended for everyday use. Its purpose is as raw material for jewelry workshops and factories, so the form of their production is not very diverse.
Technological differences
The methods for making such things also differ. Small products - up to 50 grams - are produced using stamping. The surface of the metal turns out to be very beautiful - smooth and neat, with perfectly executed details of inscriptions and drawings.
Larger specimens are produced by casting. The appearance of cast products is not so perfect, but this manufacturing method is cheaper.
There is also a powder production method - by electrolysis, but it is not used in Russia.
What is the fineness of a gold bar?
The measured ingot is produced as an alloy with the minimum possible amount of impurities, therefore such ingots have the highest purity - 999.9.
The requirements for standard products are also very high, but not so high - their purity, as a rule, is not lower than 999.5.
Ingot weight and dimensions
In Russia, ingots weighing 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 g are produced. Foreign-made products also come in weights of 2, 2.5 grams. 1 troy ounce is often found, equal to 31.1 grams.
International measure
The most common measure for gold abroad is the troy weight system. In bank accounts, gold can be recorded in both the metric system (grams, kilograms) and ounces. This system is used not only for precious metals: it is used in pharmacy and cosmetology to account for particularly valuable components.
Requirements for the gold bar standard
The list of requirements is regulated by GOST R 51572-2000. The document contains dimensions and maximum weight deviations from the norm, regulates the absence of cracks, foreign elements, damage and contamination, and lists permissible deformations that occur during production.
Each product has its own unique number, which is certainly indicated directly on the ingot. In addition, mandatory information is applied to the metal using markings:
- a stamp in the form of an oval with the inscription “Russia”;
- exact weight;
- the inscription "Gold";
- noble metal sample;
- brand of the refinery manufacturer.
All inscriptions must be on the title side of the product and be legible. Corrections or merging of letters are not allowed in the text. The presence of defects is the reason for the decrease in the value of a precious item.
However, such requirements are not mandatory. Gold can have any shape, weight and size in case of individual customer requirements.
Weight of a standard ingot in kg in Russia
The requirements are regulated by GOST 28058-89. Permissible weight – from 11 to 13.3 kilograms. The shape of the products is a bar in the form of a truncated pyramid. The document also determines the grade of metal, appearance without defects, permissible deformation and a list of data printed on gold.
Gold bar sizes 1 and 10 kg
The size established for a kilogram measured product: length 105-116 mm, width 48-52 mm. The height of the object is not regulated.
The following proportions are used in standard samples (with a permissible deviation of ± 5 mm):
- larger base, mm – length 54, width 88;
- smaller base, mm – length 229, width 59;
- height – 35 mm.
Weight of a gold bar in storage
The precious metal of the Russian Gold and Foreign Exchange Reserve is stored mainly in objects weighing from 1 to 14 kg.
The United States prefers to store its savings in the form of bars weighing 400 troy ounces, or 12.44 kg.
How much does the largest bar weigh today?
The largest specimen in the world belongs to Japan. Its weight is 250 kilograms, which is even recorded in the famous Guinness Book of Records.
In second place is Taiwan, the happy owner of a piece of gold weighing 220 kg.
Ingot Certificate
Gold is a very valuable acquisition. Like any expensive product, it has a certain list of documents confirming its authenticity and ownership. For gold, such documents are a bank receipt issued upon purchase and a quality certificate, see photo.
Buying and selling
Trading in this product is primarily the prerogative of banks. You can not only buy gold there, but also leave it for storage. Such a financial investment has a high level of profitability, but only in the long term, since the purchase price will be higher than the sale, as with other foreign exchange transactions.
Such an acquisition is subject to VAT, and upon sale the owner is charged income tax. However, these fees will be canceled if more than 3 years have passed since the date of purchase. Therefore, it will be beneficial not only not to sell gold before this period, but not even to withdraw it from the bank.
What determines the price of a bank bullion?
In addition to the current gold rate, the price of the product is tied to its weight. The buyer pays the most money if he purchases metal weighing 1 gram. The higher the weight of the ingot, the cheaper the gold is per gram.
When selling gold to a bank, some financial institutions, for example Sberbank, provide an additional commission, which increases in proportion to the weight of the item being handed over.
Products in poor condition, on the contrary, are accepted at banks, charging an additional commission of about 3% of the value of the metal.
How much does a gold bar cost in Russia 1 gram and 1 kg
As of today. 1 gram of gold costs:
Price for 999 standard according to the Central BankMarket value of the standard todayPrice for scrapPrice in jewelryFor an ingot weighing 1 kilogram you will have to pay (in million rubles):
Where is the best place to buy bullion?
It is always better to purchase such things from financial institutions. In this case, the possibility of forgery is eliminated and the availability of the entire package of accompanying documents is guaranteed.
Where and how to store the bullion
The storage of gold, including in coins, should also be entrusted to the bank. It’s not safe to keep such valuables at home, and there’s no point in keeping them. The financial institution opens a metal safekeeping account for the client - an analogue of a safe deposit box. You can put all your precious savings there, add new ones or withdraw the necessary part.
The cost of such a service will not depend on the number of items, their weight and even the metal from which they are made - all your savings in precious metals can be kept in one place.
To see how Russia's gold reserves are stored, watch the video:
Conclusion
In parting, I would like to wish all my readers to become happy owners of impressive gold savings. Follow our updates, vote by repost for your favorite articles, and I go in search of new interesting and useful topics.
Source: https://jurispor.ru/ves-standartnogo-slitka-zolota-v-hranilishhah.html
How much does a gold bar cost and weigh?
The weight of a gold bar and its value are directly proportional criteria. From our article, the reader will learn what kind of precious metal bar he can buy with his savings, and how to increase the invested amount.
The cost of gold bars in the Russian Federation
The pricing policy in gold and foreign exchange funds depends on a number of internal Russian and external factors. The fundamental criteria are the amount of VAT on the purchase and sale of value, the exchange rate on the world market, the ratio of the exchange rates of Russia and the USA, as well as the quality characteristics of the bar.
Look at the example! At the end of 2018, 1 g of 9999 fine gold cost 3,559 rubles when purchased at Sberbank offices. Today's value has changed significantly due to the signing of a decree abolishing VAT on the purchase of gold bars by the President of the Russian Federation.
How different criteria affect the price of gold metal
-
- Frequency or trial. The main factor when valuing precious metals. The highest quality standard in banks and special trading platforms is 9999. These numbers indicate that 1000 g of the bar contains 99.99% pure gold without inclusions of other elements. Samples of 925 and below are used only when turning jewelry, otherwise rings and pendants made from pure material will be very soft and will quickly deteriorate.
- Ingot type. For sales to individuals, banks and thematic platforms use measured gold bars with a maximum weight of 1000 g. There are also bars whose weight ranges from 11 to 13.3 kg. In addition to weight, they differ from measured ones in purity and contain 99.95% pure gold. Large bars are purchased by large-scale gold and foreign exchange funds, foreign investors, and central banks.
- The relationship between the value of a gold bar and its price is clear without further consideration. However, modern banking institutions bring a little confusion to this issue. When purchasing precious metal for storage or further investment, you need to pay attention to large bars weighing more than 500 g. In practice, 500 g purchased in one bar costs much less than 10 gold plates of 50 g each. Roughly speaking, the same applies to gold
Above are the main pricing factors on the territory of the Russian Federation.
In addition to those indicated, the cost of precious metal bars is significantly influenced by the situation on the world market and fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate.
Quotes from the Central Bank and Sberbank of the Russian Federation
The founder of prices for precious metals in Russian institutions is Sberbank. Based on its rate, other financial institutions set their prices. Sberbank has almost achieved a monopoly in the gold and foreign exchange issue, however, it cannot dictate its own terms to the people. The weight and price of gold bars in the Bank of Russia depends on the following factors:
- Number and severity of financial crises at the global level.
- The presence of energy crises that affected the level of production of gold reserves.
- General global growth rates of inflation and depreciation of conventional money.
- The emergence of new large buyers or sellers of raw materials on the world market.
- The number of existing sanctions and bans that impede the conduct of high-quality trade relations with countries of the developed world.
- Natural disasters and the impact of human factors on the overall level of resource extraction.
The speculative actions of large investors are also of considerable importance. The London Stock Exchange periodically experiences significant fluctuations in the exchange rate of gold currency due to massive resales for profit.
How the price of gold is formed in other Russian banks
Trade in gold bars is carried out by official banking institutions, as well as specialized trading platforms. Regardless of the demand among users, the company must obtain a certificate from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and register with the State Register.
Constant control by the Central Bank does not allow commercial sites to set their own prices for gold bars. In addition to the recommended rate from the Central Bank and Sberbank, one of the most important factors in further pricing is the value of the London fixing.
Recommended prices for gold, silver, platinum and palladium at the London fixing
It is on the British exchanges that the current level of cost of 1 g of gold is regulated, and the tendency for the price to increase or decrease is formed. Secondary criteria for pricing in regional banks can be considered:
- The amount of money spent on transportation and customs expenses.
- Investments made by a bank or platform for the safe storage of gold and foreign exchange reserves.
- The general financial level of the bank - the worse the economic condition of the merchant, the more premium interest he will charge on gold bullion in order to cover all previous expenses.
The listed criteria must also be taken into account by investors who plan to purchase gold bars not just to save their accumulated money. Long-term investments require an understanding of the principles of pricing for gold and other precious metals in Russian or foreign banks.
Important information! The cost of precious metals varies even in branches of the same bank. There is a local pricing principle here, which depends on the popularity of buying gold bars in a particular region.
The most favorable rates for purchasing bullion in Russia
The table shows quotes for precious metals in Sberbank of Russia. The price changed after the abolition of VAT and was adjusted taking into account exchange rates.
This is the cost of bullion in the Moscow branches of Alfa-Bank. As indicated in the photo, before investing capital, be sure to contact the manager or use sites with more stable quotes.
Such quotes for precious metals are offered by VTB Bank after the abolition of value added tax in the summer of 2019.
Price and weight of gold bars: forecasts
Some analytical experts are quite skeptical about investing in gold bullion. They cite as an example the fact that over the past 8-9 years the gold currency has given a slight increase, comparable to the accrual of ordinary interest on a deposit.
- If an investor is not prepared to understand the intricacies of the gold and foreign exchange market, as well as the principles of pricing, it is not recommended to make significant investments in precious metal bars.
- For such people, buying small 50-100 g bars will be a good guarantee for the future and can save a critical financial situation on a rainy day.
- Large investments in ingots with a mass of 500 g and above are designed for the long term.
Experts assure that gold will not depreciate in the next 70-100 years. The main advantages of such reserves for the future are:
- High level of investment security - bullion can be placed in bank vaults for a reasonable amount.
- Constant liquidity is explained not only by the increase in value, but also by the original value of gold bars.
- The precious metal will easily survive all fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and ruble; it is not afraid of the fall of the world economy.
From the article you learned how much a gold bar costs and weighs; all that remains is to find a quality trading platform and make an investment. Before giving a large sum to strangers, be sure to check whether the site is registered in the state register and request a package of documentation for the gold bar.
Source: https://zoloto-md.ru/info/articles/skolko-stoit-i-vesit-slitok-zolota
How much does a gold bar weigh: the largest, standard, measured:
A long time ago, in America, there lived an ancient people - the Incas. He possessed huge reserves of the yellow metal. There was so much of it that the Incas made dishes from it, as well as other useful things. No one thought that ordinary metal, which, moreover, is poorly adapted for economic life, would subsequently destroy the most ancient unique peoples.
They were destroyed by European colonialists, who began melting metal from practical household items into useless bricks. This is how the local aborigines saw the situation. European colonialists rubbed their hands - they found gold - an artificial source of wealth and power.
How much does a gold bar weigh today? What is its price? Let's try to answer this question.
How much does a gold bar weigh, which is the largest to date?
The record holder for weight is a Japanese ingot created by the Mitsubishi Corporation. Its weight is 250 kg. The price of such a giant is about 4 million US dollars. Japan has ousted Taiwan from the Guinness Book of Records - previously this country had the largest ingot of 220 kg. Another number “9” was added to the Japanese giant. This means that the purity of the Japanese record holder is 999.9. The product is close to absolute ideal. How much does a gold bar weigh (standard)? More on this later.
How much does a gold bar weigh (standard) in kg
Standard bars are precious metal bars produced at specialized enterprises. They are manufactured according to certain standards - they are installed in each state independently. In our country there is an international one, which is reflected in GOST 28058-89. So how much does a gold bar weigh, based on global standards? Its weight ranges from 11 to 13.3 kg.
What is a sample
Fineness is the proportion of base metal in an alloy. In gold watches, rings, and other jewelry, 585 standard is usually used. This means that a little more than half of them are pure gold. This is believed to be the optimal amount to use in jewelry, otherwise it will constantly break and bend.
The highest purity used in gold bars is 999 (99.99%). International standards have a slightly lower specific gravity of the noble metal - 995%.
Measured gold bar
A measuring ingot is a small ingot that is widely popular among investors, banks, and pawnshops. So, let’s answer the question of how much a gold bar (measurement bar) weighs. It all depends on the type of ingot. There are two of them, depending on the manufacturing method:
- Stamped bars - the manufacturing technology is similar to the production of coins. Their weight ranges from 1 to 100 grams.
- Cast - “normal”, from the point of view of the common man, ingots. Their weight ranges from 200 to 1000 grams.
Is it profitable to invest in gold?
A novice investor is interested in the question of whether it is profitable to invest in precious metals. This question was once asked by one of the largest investors in 2005. The cost of one Google share was equal to one ounce. By 2008, an ounce was worth almost 2.5 times more than the share of the largest holding. It should be taken into account that 2005 marks the active development of the global information giant.
Is there much gold left in the ground?
Gold, due to its value, rarely goes out of circulation. This means that gold teeth, for example, may contain metal from the pottery of royal monarchs. Of course, this is rare, but almost all the metal that humanity has ever mined is still in circulation. Scientists have estimated that another 80% of the precious metal is in the ground, therefore, it is not too late to think about searching.
Olympic medals
How much does 1 gold bar weigh, how much pure metal is in it - we have already said, and how much precious metal is in modern Olympic medals? It is a myth that they are made entirely of gold. Only the medals at the 1912 Olympic Games were truly gold. All others have only pollination. Only six grams of this metal are applied to Olympic medals.
Legend of the Golden Fleece
Many peoples used sheep's wool to wash gold. This method was practiced by some peoples of the Caucasus, the Egyptians. The Greeks, who saw the spoils with their own eyes, were not privy to the mysteries of all operations. They saw only the finished picture: sheep's wool, all covered with precious metals. This is where the legend of the Golden Fleece came from.
Corn eats gold
Surprisingly, ordinary corn “extracts” gold from the ground and accumulates it in its stalks. This was discovered by chance when analyzing the composition of the ash.
Corn feeds on solutions of various salts from the soil to obtain vital elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Along with them, the plant extracts other elements, including gold.
However, you should not rush to grow corn on your farms for the sake of metal: the concentrate is so small that it is unlikely that you will get rich by growing this plant for gold.
Source: https://www.syl.ru/article/297495/skolko-vesit-slitok-zolota-samyiy-bolshoy-standartnyiy-mernyiy
Specific gravity of gold: how much does a cube of different purity weigh (585, 999), how to calculate it yourself at home
Good afternoon. Today I will continue talking about precious metals. We admire their shine in openwork items, price them in jewelry stores, weigh them in our hands, feeling the pleasant heaviness of the precious metal.
Today my friend brought a ring and asks me to determine the material of the product. You can't tell by color whether it's gold or platinum. The sample is half erased and cannot be seen. From my school physics course, I vaguely remember that the specific gravity of gold is very high. Does this have any significance? I'll try to figure it out.
What is specific gravity
A conventional value showing how much a cube with sides of 1 meter (centimeter) will weigh is called specific gravity (volume weight). It is measured in kilograms per cubic meter (grams per cubic centimeter).
At the Earth's poles, the force of gravity is greater, so the density of the substance (that is, the ratio of the mass of the metal to the volume) is taken as the basis for measurements, which differs by the value of the acceleration of gravity, depending on the location of measurement (from 9.780 m/s2 at the equator to 9.832 m/s2 at poles).
Specific gravity is confused with density; their numerical values in different measurement systems are the same. In my case, when the difference in the acceleration of free fall can be neglected, such a loose comparison is acceptable.
Table of specific gravity of gold depending on the sample
Gold is a soft metal. To improve its technological properties, various alloys are added to the alloy. The sample indicates the proportion of precious metal in thousandths of the alloy. Hallmark 999 is an alloy containing 999 parts of pure gold and 1 part of impurities. Impurities significantly affect the density of the alloy:
| Try | % precious metal | Density g/cm3 |
| 375 | 37,5 | 11,55 |
| 585 | 58,5 | 12,85–13,24 |
| 750 | 75,0 | 15,3–16,6 |
| 999 | 99,9 | 19,3 |
The difference in density for the same alloy sample is due to the different composition of impurities (silver, palladium and copper, which paint products in different colors).
How to determine specific gravity at home
If necessary, at home you can determine the density of the product and use tables to approximately determine its composition.
- I weigh the product with an accuracy of 0.1 g: the ring brought for examination showed 2.5 g.
- I pour purified water into a beaker and measure the level in milliliters according to its divisions.
- I lower the product into a beaker with purified water and measure the new level.
- I determine the change in liquid level (by the difference of two measurements). My product volume is approximately 0.25 ml.
- I divide the result of step 1 by the amount of volume (item 4). When dividing 2.5/0.25 = 10 g/cm3 (since 1 ml = 1 cm3). My measurements showed that the product (taking into account measurement error) is made of silver (10.5 g/cm3).
Metals with similar specific gravity values
Tungsten has a density close to gold (compare its 19.25 g/cm3 with the table). But tungsten has much greater hardness. Therefore, for counterfeiting, tungsten ingots can be coated with gold on top.
Jewelry made of lead with gold plating has the same density as jewelry made of 375 gold. The 417 standard used in the West is easily counterfeited. The 585 sample, popular in Russia, differs significantly in density from lead (11.34 g/cm3).
What is the specific gravity of gold?
Gold is a fairly heavy metal with a high density of 19.32 g/cm3. According to this indicator, gold ranks 7th among all metals. Different systems have different units of measurement: SI = N\M3, MCSS = 1 kg\m3, SGS = 1 din\cm3. Also, the specific gravity of gold can be expressed in grams per cm3 (non-systemic unit).
Specific gravity, expressed in g/cm3, is equal to the density of a given metal. For gold, this figure is 19.3 g/cm3. The volumetric weight of gold is a calculated value that reflects the density of the metal.
Weight and quality features of gold
Gold has all the properties that are characteristic of metals:
- Electrical and thermal conductivity;
- High strength;
- Plastic.
Gold also has a special, metallic luster. It should be noted that each group of metals has its own characteristic metallic luster. Overall, metallic elements are found in 75% of all naturally occurring elements, but not all are found in nature in their pure form. The most valuable and rare metals include gold and platinum.
Both metals are characterized by a fairly large specific gravity (19.3 g/cm3 and 21.45 g/cm3, respectively). It should be noted that the specific gravity of heavy metals, including tungsten and gold, is almost the same.
Thanks to this property, gold can be mined by washing it from relatively light particles of clay and sand contained in the washed rock.
Weight of a cube of various metals.
However, gold is a very soft metal; in addition, it is also very heavy. In order to find out how much one cube of gold weighs, you can use a special formula or table. This figure is 19.320 kg. The hardness of gold is 220-250 MPa (Brinell) or 2.5 (Mohs scale).
The high cost of gold is primarily due to its fairly low content in the earth’s crust – 0.5 – 5 mg/ton. The volumetric or specific gravity of gold can be found by the formula – y=P\V, where P is the weight of gold, and V is its volume.
Basic physical and mechanical properties of gold
In addition to specific gravity, the physical and mechanical properties of gold are also important characteristics.
Color. According to this indicator, of all the metals, only gold (yellow) and copper (pinkish-red) have their own special, characteristic color. As for other metals, it is more complicated - for example, white color is characteristic of platinum, silver, aluminum, tin, magnesium and cadmium.
In addition, some metals can have different shades - arsenic (grayish), lead (bluish-white). Many metals, when crushed, may have uncharacteristic colors, such as red or brown.
In addition, most metals oxidize upon prolonged contact with air and, as a result, they darken.
Specific gravity plays an important role not only in gold mining, but also in the production of various alloys. In order for them to be uniform and of high quality, it is necessary to select metals with a slight difference in specific gravity. Otherwise, if the difference is very significant, during fusion the metal, which has a lower volumetric weight than gold, may float.
Only gold and copper of all metals have a special, characteristic and unique color.
Gold turns into a liquid state from a solid at 1095 degrees Celsius.
Specific heat. Denotes the amount of heat that is necessary to increase 1 kilogram of gold by 1 degree Celsius - measured in kilocalories and denoted by the letter C.
Thermal conductivity. This property of a metal to conduct heat is characterized by its thermal conductivity coefficient.
Gold melts at 1095 degrees Celsius.
Hidden melting point. The metal must be heated to the melting temperature and maintained while the crystalline structure is destroyed - until the gold completely transforms into a liquid state. This additional energy is called the latent heat of fusion and is measured in kilocalories.
Electrical resistance - measured in Ohms.
Coefficient of linear expansion (thermal or thermal). Indicates the ability of a metal to increase its size in length (when heated).
Magnetic properties. All metals are divided into: paramagnetic, diamagnetic and pheromagnetic. When introduced into a magnetic field, materials of the diamagnetic group are not attracted to the magnet. Gold is one of the diamagnetic metals.
Obtaining gold and its use
Gold is mined from placer deposits and ore. Screening is one of the oldest mining methods and is based on the significant difference in the specific gravity of gold and waste rock. The disadvantage of this method is the rather large loss of precious metal during processing.
Amalmagation. It is also a rather ancient method, which was known back in the first century BC, but became widely used only in the 16th century in America. Since the 90s of the 19th century, cyanidation began to be used in many countries - Australia, Africa, America and others.
The gold-bearing rock was initially crushed by crushing and enriched with special “chemistry”, after which gold was extracted from the artificially formed concentrate. To do this, use a solution of sodium or potassium cyanide. In a cyanide solution, gold is precipitated with zinc.
For refining and purification of this precious metal, the Wohlwill method is used, which was first used in 1896.
Gold has served as money since ancient times. In the jewelry industry, this precious metal is used in the form of alloys, which increases the hardness and strength of the metal and reduces its cost. gold in such alloys is usually expressed by breakdown, which indicates the percentage of pure metal. Gold compounds have found wide application in photographic technology, electrical engineering and many other fields.
Since ancient times, gold has been used in art - jewelry, gilding of utensils, etc. This is due to its unique properties: stretchability, malleability, softness, which allows it to be used to create all kinds of decorative elements, even the finest filigree.
One of the most important functions of this precious metal is its economic importance. For quite a long time now, gold has been serving as a universal equivalent of the value of things or services.
An interesting fact is that in mid-1943 the Gold Reserve Act was signed in the United States. It says that this precious metal must be stored exclusively in bullion. They also decided how much a bank bar containing gold weighs (according to the standard). The standard weight was set at 400 troy ounces, although for commercial purposes in the United States of America, bars of different weights are allowed.
The standard weight of one gold bar is 11–13.3 kilograms, which is significantly heavier than a bucket filled with water.
One troy ounce of gold represents 31 grams of pure gold. To be as precise as possible, 1 troy ounce of gold is equal to 31.1034768 grams.
In the Middle Ages, many gold coins of that time generally weighed around 30 grams. Historically, 1 troy ounce had a similar weight and this measure is still used in banking, coins and jewelry.
Source: http://golden-inform.ru/mery-vesa/udelnyj-zolota/
Density of gold, its specific gravity and fineness
Gold is a metal familiar to everyone. Jewelry made from precious metal is popular, especially among women. Gold is one of the most expensive metals in the world and is one of the top three in terms of cost per gram. You can see different numbers on the products. They mean the sample of the metal. Having certain knowledge, you can determine the density of gold.
Units
In D. Mendeleev’s periodic table of chemical elements, this noble metal, as an element, occupies 11th place. The specific gravity of gold is measured in various ways:
- kilograms per cubic meter (abbreviated kg/m3);
- grams per cubic centimeter (abbreviated g/cm3);
- dyne per cubic centimeter (abbreviated dyne/cm3).
Mass and density are interrelated. Provided that the mass of the precious metal is indicated in grams per cubic meter, the same data will also be an analogue of the density of the metal. That is why, knowing the density of gold and silver, you can determine the mass of the precious metal.
The specific gravity of an element can be calculated using a special formula. It looks like this: Y (specific gravity of the element) = P (real weight) / V (density).
Calculation using this formula is used exclusively for gold products. When calculating the mass of other elements, there is likely to be a large error.
Gold is one of the heaviest metals. It ranks seventh among other metals. The density of the yellow precious metal is 19.32 g per cubic centimeter. For clarity, a small ball made of pure noble metal with a diameter of only 4.6 cm has a weight of 1 kg.
Due to the high density of the yellow precious metal, its extraction becomes easy. During the washing process, the rocks are screened out from nuggets and gold sand.
Despite its significant weight , gold in its pure form is very rarely used . This is due to the fact that yellow metal is very soft. Products made from it are easily bent, broken, deformed and do not have sufficient strength.
That is why other metals are added to the alloy to increase its hardness. The most commonly used elements are palladium, silver, copper, platinum, nickel and other elements that are not necessarily included in the noble list.
The final mass of the product directly depends on what metals and in what quantities are included in the alloy. But the density indicator will remain unchanged.
Characteristics of individual alloys
The density of a material is a physical property that is determined by the mass of a certain unit of volume. The measurement of the parameter is determined by the ratio of the mass and size of the body.
An alloy of gold with other metals is indicated by a breakdown, which is applied directly to the product.
Rare samples
The highest and rarest standard is 999. It cannot be found on jewelry. This means pure precious metal that is not used for production. The density of 999 gold is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter.
Slightly more than 96% of pure gold is contained in products marked 958. However, they are extremely rare due to the fragility of the metal and the impossibility of polishing it. The density of this material is 18.3 g/cm3.
900 and 917 samples are rare in Russia. High-quality jewelry is made only to order. Previously, coins were minted from gold metal of the highest standard , which is why the samples are called coin samples. The composition of gold in them is 90%. The alloy contains silver and copper in prescribed proportions. Density indicators for such alloys vary from 17.3 to 17.9 grams per cubic centimeter.
75.5% of the precious metal is contained in products of 750 standard. Additionally, palladium, copper, platinum, silver, and nickel are introduced into the alloy. A fairly durable metal that can be processed, polished and has good strength characteristics. The density of 750 gold varies from 14.4 to 17.4 grams per cubic centimeter.
Most Popular
585 standard (583 in the Soviet Union) contains more than 58% pure yellow metal. The main components of the alloy are silver, nickel, palladium and copper. This is the most popular alloy in jewelry. It is durable, hard, and easy to work with. Most of the jewelry is made from 585 alloy. Its average density is 13 g/cm3.
Products marked 500 contain 50.5% gold. The remaining 49.5% is made up of copper and silver, and not in equal proportions, so the color of the product directly depends on the amount of silver in the alloy. The density of the alloy is 12.3 g per cubic centimeter.
375 standard is considered the cheapest. It contains 38% pure yellow precious metal, the rest is occupied by copper and silver. Low-grade gold tends to deteriorate in appearance when exposed to oxygen and tarnishes over time. The density of the alloy is 11.5 g/cm3.
As a rule, the alloy contains only elements that have a similar specific gravity and density to gold. However, there is a danger of getting a fake instead of gold jewelry. Most often, tungsten is disguised as a yellow precious metal. It has similar performance and appearance. It is extremely difficult to distinguish a fake from the original.
Determination of carat weight
British carats are a traditional value used to measure the purity of gold and its weight in a product. The smallest value is 8 carats (K). The specific gravity of 999 gold is 24 carats. If other elements are added to the alloy to change the characteristics of the metal, the carat value drops. The 18-karat precious metal contains 6 parts of impurities and 18 parts of pure gold.
For example, high-grade 917 gold has a mass of 22 carats. And such a popular 585 alloy is only 14 carats.
Hydrostatic method of analysis
When receiving gold products in special institutions, they are checked for compliance with the specified standard. There are many methods, among which the hydrostatic method is common, which allows you to identify the exact amount of precious metal in the product, based on the gravity of the element.
A precious metal product is weighed in the open air, and then measurements are made in a special liquid with a known density. The calculation is made from the difference in indicators.
For such a product study you need:
- a transparent glass (preferably measuring);
- jewelry scales;
- thin thread or fishing line;
- distilled water (the density of which is known).
A gold product is weighed under normal conditions on a scale. The indicators are recorded. Next, place a glass filled to the middle with distilled water on the scales, and reduce the scale readings to zero (using a special zero button). A gold product is attached to a thread and immersed in the center of the liquid so that it does not touch the walls and does not sink to the bottom. The result obtained is also recorded on the scales.
Calculation of the mass of pure gold in a product is done by calculating the difference in indicators on a special hydraulic calculator. It is possible to calculate the value without it, however, the calculation in this case will take more time and will have an error.
Determination of the gold standard by this method is carried out only for solid products that do not have inserts of other metals. If the product contains stones or many moving hollow parts, then the data will obviously be incorrect.
The density of pure gold in jewelry is the basis for jewelry pricing. Knowing how much pure precious metal is in a particular product will help you avoid overpaying for jewelry, and will also reduce the risks of purchasing a fake.
Source: https://VseoMetallah.ru/zoloto/plotnost-udelnyj-ves-i-proba
PHYSICS: Density, mass and volume problems - Answers and solutions
Formulas used in physics problems involving density, mass and volume.
Density is equal to the ratio of the mass of a body to its volume. Density is denoted by the Greek letter ρ (rho).
EXAMPLES OF SOLVING PROBLEMS
Problem No. 1. Find the density of milk if 206 g of milk occupy a volume of 200 cm3?
Problem No. 2. Determine the volume of a brick if its mass is 5 kg?
Problem No. 3. Determine the mass of a steel part with a volume of 120 cm3
Problem No. 4. The dimensions of two rectangular tiles are the same. Which of them has the greater mass if one tile is cast iron and the other is steel?
Solution: From the table of density of substances (see at the end of the page) we determine that the density of cast iron ( ρ2 = 7000 kg/m3 ) is less than the density of steel ( ρ1 = 7800 kg/m3 ). Consequently, a unit volume of cast iron contains less mass than a unit volume of steel, since the lower the density of a substance, the less its mass if the volumes of the bodies are the same.
Problem No. 5. Determine the density of chalk if the mass of a piece of it with a volume of 20 cm3 is 48 g. Express this density in kg/m3 and g/cm3.
Answer: The density of chalk is 2.4 g/cm3 , or 2400 kg/m3 .
Problem No. 6. What is the mass of an oak beam with a length of 5 m and a cross-sectional area of 0.04 m2?
ANSWER: 160 kg.
SOLUTION. From the formula for density we obtain m = p • V. Taking into account the fact that the volume of the beam V = S • l, we obtain: m = p • S • l.
We calculate: m = 800 kg/m3 • 0.04 m2 • 5 m = 160 kg.
Problem No. 7. A block whose mass is 21.6 g has dimensions of 4 x 2.5 x 0.8 cm. Determine what substance it is made of.
ANSWER: The bar is made of aluminum.
Task No. 8 (increased difficulty). A hollow copper cube with an edge length a = 6 cm has a mass m = 810 g. What is the thickness of the walls of the cube?
ANSWER: 5 mm.
SOLUTION: Volume of the cube = a3 = 216 cm3 . The volume of the walls VC can be calculated by knowing the mass of the cube mK and the density of copper p : VC = mK / p = 91 cm3 .
Consequently, the volume of the cavity VP = - VC = 125 cm3 . Since 125 cm3 = (5 cm)3 , the cavity is a cube with edge length b = 5 cm .
It follows that the thickness of the walls of the cube is equal to (a - b)/2 = (6 - 5)/2 = 0.5 cm .
Problem No. 9 (Olympiad level). The mass of a test tube with water is 50 g. The mass of the same test tube filled with water, but with a piece of metal weighing 12 g in it is 60.5 g. Determine the density of the metal placed in the test tube.
ANSWER: 8000 kg/m3
SOLUTION: If some of the water from the test tube had not poured out, then in this case the total mass of the test tube, water and a piece of metal in it would be equal to 50 g + 12 g = 62 g. According to the conditions of the problem, the mass of water in a test tube with a piece of metal in it is equal to 60.5 g. Consequently, the mass of water displaced by the metal is equal to 1.5 g, i.e., it is 1/8 of the mass of the piece of metal. Thus, the density of metal is 8 times greater than the density of water.
Problems on density, mass and volume with solutions. Substance density table.
Reference material for “Problems on density, mass and volume“
How, knowing only the mass, calculate the density?
- If the volume of a body (substance) is unknown or not explicitly specified in the conditions of the problem, then try to measure, calculate or find out using indirect (additional) data.
- If the substance is granular or liquid, then it is usually located in a container, which usually has a standard volume. So, for example, the volume of a barrel is usually 200 liters, the volume of a bucket is 10 liters, the volume of a glass is 200 milliliters (0.2 liters), the volume of a tablespoon is 20 ml, the volume of a teaspoon is 5 ml. It’s easy to guess the volume of three-liter and liter jars from their name.
- If the liquid does not occupy the entire container or the container is non-standard, then pour it into another container, the volume of which is known. If there is no suitable container, pour the liquid using a measuring cup (jar, bottle). While scooping out the liquid, simply count the number of such cups and multiply by the volume of the measuring container.
- If the body has a simple shape, then calculate its volume using the appropriate geometric formulas. So, for example, if a body has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, then its volume will be equal to the product of the lengths of its edges. That is: V par. = a • b • c , where Vpar. is the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped, and a, b, c are the values of its length, width and height (thickness), respectively.
- If the body has a complex geometric shape, then try (conditionally!) to break it into several simple parts, find the volume of each of them separately and then add the resulting values.
- If the body cannot be divided into simpler figures (for example, a figurine), then use the Archimedes . Place the body in water and measure the volume of displaced liquid. If the body does not sink, then “drown” it using a thin stick (wire).
- If it is problematic to calculate the volume of water displaced by a body, then weigh the spilled water, or find the difference between the initial and remaining mass of water. In this case, the number of kilograms of water will be equal to the number of liters, the number of grams will be equal to the number of milliliters, and the number of tons will be equal to the number of cubic meters.
Lesson summary “Problems on density, mass and volume with solutions .
Next topic: “Tasks on gravity and body weight.”
Source: https://uchitel.pro/%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0 %BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C/
