What color is pure gold?

Gold

 

Gold

Gold is a mineral that is a natural solid solution of silver (traces, up to 43%) in gold; impurities (traces, up to 0.9%) of copper, iron, lead, less often - bismuth, mercury, platinum, manganese, etc. are known. Varieties with a high copper content are known - up to 20% (cuprous gold, cuproaurite), bismuth - up to 4 % (bismuth gold, bismuthaurite), platinoids (platinum and iridite gold; porpecite - Au, Pd, rodite - Au, Rh), natural amalgams (Au, Hg).

STRUCTURE

Crystal structure of gold

Crystallizes in the cubic system, in the form of octahedra, rhombic dodecahedrons, cubes and more complex crystals; Often they are distorted, strongly elongated, forming “wires”, “hairs”, or flattened parallel to the edge of the octahedron.

Native gold, especially low-grade gold, is characterized by a variety of growth forms; it is usually in the form of skeletal crystals, dendrites, thread-like and twisted-filamentary crystals.

Streak-like and irregular lump-like, “hooked” discharges are widespread; Their surfaces often contain imprints of crystals of other minerals, the aggregates of which included accumulations of native gold. Etching reveals the crystalline granular structure of the gold particles.

PROPERTIES

Gold bars and nuggets

Gold is a very heavy metal: the density of pure gold is 19.32 g/cm³ (a ball of pure gold with a diameter of 46.237 mm has a mass of 1 kg). Diamagnetic, that is, the magnetic field in gold weakens. Among metals, it ranks seventh in density after osmium, iridium, rhenium, platinum, neptunium and plutonium.

Tungsten has a density comparable to gold (19.25). The high density of gold makes it easier to extract, which is why even simple technological processes - for example, washing at sluices - can provide a high degree of gold recovery from the washed rock.

Gold is a very soft metal: hardness on the Mohs scale is ~2.5, on the Brinell scale 220-250 MPa (comparable to the hardness of a fingernail).

Gold is also highly ductile: it can be forged into sheets up to ~0.1 µm (100 nm) thick (gold leaf); With such a thickness, gold is translucent and in reflected light has a yellow color, in transmitted light it is colored bluish-greenish, complementary to yellow. Gold can be drawn into wire with a linear density of up to 2 mg/m.

The melting point of gold is 1064.18 °C (1337.33 K), boils at 2856 °C (3129 K). The density of liquid gold is less than solid gold and is 17 g/cm3 at the melting point. Liquid gold is quite volatile and actively evaporates long before its boiling point.

Source: http://mineralpro.ru/minerals/gold/

Which gold is better - red or yellow?

Eleonora Brik

There is no Turkish, Italian or Russian gold. When assessing pure precious metal, it is impossible to identify the source of origin by chemical or physical means. At the same time, in jewelry factories, gold for making jewelry initially has its original appearance, and only during the production process the precious metal is mixed with impurities of copper, silver and other metals.

Let's try to find out which gold is more expensive and better: white, pink, yellow or red? Although, undoubtedly, the taste and color

Production of red and yellow gold in Russia and abroad

In the Russian Federation, a precious metal with a reddish tint is popular, and in European countries and the United States, yellow gold is popular.

 The red color of the metal can be obtained by adding copper impurities to gold , and a yellow tint is obtained if the alloy contains silver. Since the 15th century, jewelers have been deceiving the buyer when making a precious product.

This was possible due to the fact that people, while making demands on the purity of gold, did not know what a ligature was.

In European countries, large amounts of silver were sometimes added to gold alloys, but it was impossible to distinguish such precious metals from pure gold by color. Traditional composition of international 585 yellow gold alloy per 1 g of alloy:

gold – 0.585 g; silver – 0.1875 g;

copper – 0.2275 g.

To purchase pure gold, pay attention to the sample, the name of the manufacturer, the article number and the price per gram

The sample must be clear and visible to the naked eye. Do not purchase jewelry from kiosks and other dubious places.

Comparative characteristics of red and yellow gold

People who want to save money prefer yellow gold, mistakenly believing that it is cheaper. However, it is not. This type is valued in European countries for the durability and color of the king’s crown, which is why its price is higher.

What is 585 red gold ? This is also an alloy of gold, which differs from the yellow precious metal in the presence of a larger amount of copper impurities, which makes it stronger and gives it a unique color tint. The 585 purity indicates 58.5% pure gold in the overall composition.

The difference between red gold and yellow gold is primarily in color, but red is usually worn in everyday life, and yellow is worn on special occasions. Products made from yellow precious metal rarely use precious stones, but red gold ones are effectively complemented with them.

Both look great with diamonds.

The advantages of red gold are:

the ability to keep its shape and maintain its original appearance for decades; healing effects due to copper;

strength and durability.

Yellow gold is popular due to:

bright and rich color; sophistication;

compatible with light and dark skin types.

How to choose gold depending on the type of product?

Yellow and red precious metals are in demand in areas such as medicine, the chemical industry, microelectronics and others. But more often they are used in the form of jewelry. To choose the right gold, decide on the purpose of your purchase .

The purpose of red gold jewelry is everyday wear. The yellow precious metal is considered richer and more luxurious, and items made from it are typically purchased for festive occasions. It is much softer than its counterpart, and therefore everyday wear of products made from it is impractical. If jewelry made of yellow gold is damaged, the cost of repair will be significantly higher than that of red precious metal.

If you decide to buy a watch trimmed with precious stones , you can safely opt for red gold.
They will look great with this shade. The wedding ring is traditionally made of yellow precious metal, since this color is a symbol of stability, eternal love and fidelity between husband and wife.

Jewelry made from red gold will look good if it has an intricate texture and fancy patterns. These include decorations produced in the form of flowers, buds or leaves.

Traditionally, products made of yellow gold are characterized by a minimalist style , a small number of decorative elements.

When choosing an exquisite item made of precious metal for everyday wear, it is better to choose the red version of gold, since it provides a variety of design ideas and the ability to manufacture the product according to any wishes of the client.
Openwork details are difficult to make in yellow gold, and the final result may not look as eccentric as in red gold. However, the variety of options for decorating them is limited.

The more complex the processing of the precious metal, the higher the final cost of the jewelry

Gold of different colors

What is the difference between white, yellow, red and pink gold of the same 585 standard ? The difference is not only in color.

In addition to the fact that the corresponding components and their proportional content determine the colors and shades of jewelry, the metals added to pure gold affect its mechanical characteristics: strength, rigidity and resistance to deformation.

Rose and red gold are alloys of pure gold and copper: the greater the proportion of copper in the alloy, the more saturated its color will be, from slightly pinkish to red.

There is an opinion that white gold is more expensive than regular gold . The chemical value of products of the same standard is the same: gold jewelry of 585 standard contains the same amount (58.5%) of pure gold.

But the marketing price can indeed vary significantly, but mostly due to the design and the more noble-looking white color.

The nobility of the shade is achieved by adding platinum to the alloy; nickel is rarely added due to its hyperallergenicity; palladium gives the product an undesirable yellowish color.

Conclusion

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of which type of gold is better. Yellow and red, white and rose gold have advantages and disadvantages, and therefore we recommend making a specific choice depending on the purpose of using the jewelry. For everyday wear , items made of red gold are preferred because they are durable, bright and original.

for special occasions , since this color is considered a symbol of royal power and luxury. But remember that they are subject to deformation. White gold has found its way into products with black pearls and diamonds; rose gold jewelry looks especially impressive on blondes.

December 1, 2014, 12:39 pm

Source: https://sunmag.me/sovety/01-12-2014-kakoe-zoloto-luchshe-krasnoe-ili-zheltoe.html

Red gold - composition, color, purity, cost

Logically speaking, the higher the purity of gold, the better it should be, because its value in this case will be maximum. However, this kind of reasoning will be erroneous, especially when it comes to jewelry. The fact is that pure 999 gold is an almost unusable material due to its poor mechanical characteristics and high susceptibility to deformation. This metal is very soft and fragile, and products made from it are completely impractical to wear.

Red gold is not 999 fine

Gold mined from mines is not a perfectly pure metal and already contains a number of impurities. However, after purification, the red metal turns into precious 999 fine bullion bars and is sent for storage in banks.

A bar of pure gold can be damaged, scratched, or bent without much effort. At the same time, many people mistakenly call 999 purity pure gold, meaning in this term a perfectly purified precious metal.

In fact, red gold is an alloy with a high content of yellow metal and special alloy additives.

So what exactly is red gold? What is his sample? Based on its name, red gold, translated from English, means pure gold. That is, the precious metal must be without any additives at all. However, in reality it is just high-grade gold with a specific hue, which was characteristic of most high-grade precious alloys in past centuries.

How did red gold appear?

As already mentioned, pure yellow metal of the highest 999 purity is absolutely unsuitable for use as a jewelry material. Only bank bars can be cast from pure gold, and even then care must be taken so that they are not accidentally dropped or scratched. Therefore, in past centuries, the term “pure gold” meant an alloy with a high content of pure gold, which, by today’s standards, meets a minimum of 750 fineness.

Copper was most often used as a ligature in the old days. It was thanks to copper that the precious metal acquired a dark red rich hue. It was from such an alloy based on gold with the addition of copper that coins were once minted in Rus' at the royal court.

However, red gold was rarely used in the jewelry industry because it was soft and difficult to work due to its ductility.

This term first appeared during the times of Tsarist Russia, however, it is sometimes used today if they want to emphasize the high standard of gold.

Color

From the Old Slavic language the adjective chervonny is translated as red. This explains the origin of the term “red gold”. On the other hand, the adjective chervonny (chervilny) comes from the words “worm” and “worm”, which means a red tint or simply to paint.

In turn, the root of these words comes from the name of a certain kind of worm, from which red dye was prepared in ancient times.

After many centuries had passed, the term “chervonets” began to be applied to the royal coins of the Russian Empire, and then to the chervonets of the USSR.

Spool test and gold chervonets

It is also known that in ancient times the concept of fineness did not exist, and the content of pure gold in the alloy was determined in the so-called “spools”.

Thus, any gold that had at least 72 spools was considered pure gold, which today roughly corresponds to 750 fineness. It is also known that the most popular alloys of ancient times were considered precious alloys that contained 86, 88, 92 and 94 spools.

If necessary, you can find information on the Internet on how to correctly convert modern gold samples into spool samples and vice versa.

Now let’s say a few more words about the minting of red gold coins. What is important here is the historical period in which these or those “chervonets” were made. For example, during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II, the mint minted gold coins exclusively of 900 fineness, which corresponds to 86.4 spools.

In more ancient times, when Russia was ruled by Peter I, coins were minted from almost pure gold of 94 spools, which is only slightly inferior to the modern 999 standard. However, it is known that along with gold of 94 spools, lower standards were also used to make coins.

Accordingly, such coins had less value and were intended for use within the state.

Various jewelry was once made from the same gold. However, due to their fragility and delicacy, all antique jewelry was not intended for everyday use, as is the case today.

They were a kind of calling card of wealth and social status, playing the role of exclusively family jewelry that was passed on from generation to generation. The only exception can be considered individual massive gold items in the form of rings, bracelets and chains, the fragility of which was compensated by the significant thickness of the metal.

In other words, in order to show off your jewelry, you had to wear quite massive items.

However, today the term “pure gold” is often used to describe the red 999.9 fine metal, which, contrary to its name, has a bright yellow tint. And this is indeed true, pure gold without alloy additives really has a yellow color.

Source: https://ZolotoBlog.ru/chervonnoe-zoloto.html

The most fashionable colors spring-summer 2020: 12 trending shades of the season

The Pantone Color Institute team presented fashionable colors that will be trendy next season. These shades are worth choosing for your outfits, makeup and accessories. The Pantone FASHION COLOR TREND REPORT NY Fashion Week Spring - Summer features a palette of 12 of the most popular shades, as well as four classic neutrals from the New York Fashion Week runways.

Fashionable colors for spring-summer 2020 reflect a person’s desire for bright sensations. This is a responsive and friendly palette that conveys a sense of ease, allowing you to express yourself and highlight your individuality.

The main color of 2020 according to Pantone is Classic Blue.

Calm classic blue has become the main shade of the year. This is a noble color that signifies confidence and calmness, emphasizing the desire for reliability, stability and a strong foundation.

Panton called blue a timeless shade, elegant in its simplicity. It was also chosen as the new universal base, which will replace the classic black.

The blue tone is refreshing, iconic and calm. It is perfect for creating beautiful everyday looks or fantastic evening looks.

Fashionable colors for spring-summer 2020 according to Pantone look juicy, optimistic, bright and interesting. They are a little reminiscent of the 80s and 90s, but at the same time they breathe freshness. Colors allow for consistency and a sense of individuality.

Flame Scarlet

This red color is for bold, confident fashionistas. He is bright, handsome and sexy.

The shade exudes determination and confidence. It seems to help to express yourself, attract attention and become even more decisive.

Saffron (Saffron)

Yellow is attractive, interesting and warm. He is stylish, determined, brilliant. Therefore, it is often chosen as the main shade or to create accents.

According to Panton experts, this shade also has a slight spiciness that adds a superb aroma to the palette.

Classic Blue

As the 2020 Color of the Year, blue opens up a world of possibilities. It gives confidence, reliability and resilience.

This color is refreshing and harmonizes with all other shades. Perfect for those who want to be confident and express themselves.

Biscay Green

The fashionable color of spring reminds us of happiness, warmth and freshness. It is associated with the waters of the ocean, which purify and bring good luck.

This turquoise shade is perfect for hot weather and goes perfectly with dark skin. It can be combined with other tones.

Chive (Chive of Garlic)

Fresh and zesty greens are a symbol of a healthy diet and lifestyle. Therefore, it is not surprising that Panton included such a green color in the list of fashionable shades for spring and summer. It can be used in a variety of combinations.

Herbaceous and refreshing, the color perfectly restores harmony and restores strength.

Faded Denim

A denim shade of blue that conveys a feeling of lightness and comfort. It reflects confidence and is perfect for those who are not used to going with the flow.

The color is a bit '90s and manages to outshine the dark denim. This season, blue is associated with comfort and tenderness. It is interesting to combine it with the color saffron or scarlet.

Orange Peel

According to Panton experts, zesty orange has a bright and unexpected flavor. This color has become very influential and is used in combination with a wide variety of shades.

An appetizing color awakens to action. It is warm, gentle and very soft.

Mosaic Blue

Another tone in the blue palette. But it is more balanced and deep. This color refreshes, gives hope and awakens. Therefore, stylists recommend adding it to your image.

Mosaic blue is a fashionable color for spring, which is imbued with an atmosphere of grace, mystery and deep feelings. Pairs perfectly with other shades of blue.

Sunlight

Sunny yellow is probably one of the most beautiful, cheerful and bright fashionable colors of spring and summer. You want to look at him, and the tone itself exudes warmth and joy. It will dilute the gloominess of the days, saturate them with bright elements.

The color is soft and delicate. It illuminates with a pleasant mood, happiness, smiles. Combine it with blue or other more pronounced shades.

Coral Pink

This pleasant and delicate color envelops us with its embrace, giving us smiles and joy. It's warm and soft, making it great for a variety of bows. You can't be afraid to experiment with it.

Coral Pink was included in the list of the most fashionable colors of spring and summer 2020 for a reason. It owes its popularity to the color of 2019, Living Coral. The Pantom Institute knows that the color of the year influences the fashionable shades of the next season. Fashionable consumers are not afraid to experiment and are happy to add pink to their wardrobe.

Cinnamon Stick (Cinnamon Stick)

The spicy and sweet shade is great for fashionistas. This is an earthy tone of brown that is inviting and very warm. Cool colors play well with it, so you can create amazing combinations.

The luxurious color is reminiscent of warm days, a little sweet and spicy. It also transports you to a world of comfort, making you dream of delicious coffee with notes of cinnamon, a delicate pie and relaxing by the fireplace.

Grape Compote

This fashionable color of 2020 was named for a reason. Look at its pleasant purple shades, which remind us of the fragrant vineyards in the fields of Italy. An impressive and mysterious tone that refreshes, envelops you in softness and a certain frivolity.

The Pantone Color Institute has identified four classic fashionable shades for spring and summer 2020. These are the khaki color - the universal and discreet Lark (lark), the fashionable and very attractive dark blue Navy Blazer (marine jacket), clean, fresh and simple Brilliant White (dazzling white) and a timeless ash hue, which is associated with longevity and strength Ash (ash) .

Read about fashionable colors for winter 2019-2020.

Source: https://joy-pup.com/fashion/samye-modnye-cveta-vesna-leto/

Differences between white and yellow gold

Both white and yellow gold are used in jewelry. Which one is better?

What is the difference between the karats of white and yellow gold?

The most common question people ask is how comparable are the karats of white gold to the karats of yellow gold? The answer is that they are completely the same.

White gold is simply an alloy of yellow that includes other metals.

The only difference between them is the use of additional metals that are part of the alloy.

Additional metals used are palladium, manganese and zinc.

The resulting alloy may have a yellowish tint, the intensity of which will depend on how much white metal is added; after all, a significant portion of the material is yellow gold.

To remove this yellowish tint, many jewelers plate their jewelry with rhodium. The resulting jewelry is more like platinum, only much more affordable.

White gold alloy has more zinc, while yellow gold alloy has more nickel. Regardless of the presence of various metals, the purity of the alloy remains unchanged.

For example, if a gold ring is labeled 18 carat, it means that it is made up of 24 parts, of which 18 parts are pure gold and the rest are other substances. The difference between a white and yellow 18-karat gold ring is only the presence of various additives.

How is white gold different from yellow gold? White gold is mixed with zinc, which gives the alloy a lighter color. With zinc, the alloy still has a yellowish tint. The addition of rhodium makes the color of the white gold alloy truly white.

Metallization with rhodium

Most white gold jewelry offered today is rhodium plated. If the jewelry is completely white without a hint of yellow, you are most likely looking at rhodium plating.

Rhodium is a white metal that is used as a plating in jewelry. In addition to the light color that the alloy acquires, it also gives it rigidity and reliability.

Gold is a soft metal, so a layer of rhodium brings additional protection. Since rhodium is an expensive metal, white gold jewelry is more expensive than yellow gold jewelry.

Disadvantages of white gold

At the same time, yellow gold jewelry looks new for a longer time.

This is due to the fact that over time the rhodium layer wears off and in the place where this layer has completely disappeared, the lower yellowish layer of the alloy becomes visible.

How long it will take for this to happen depends on how often and intensively you wear such jewelry.

However, if this does happen, then it is enough to take the jewelry to the jewelers, and they will again apply a layer of rhodium to the surface and restore the appearance of the product. Of course, these will be additional expenses.

How to prevent white gold from losing color?

Rhodium is good for imparting white color, but this coating does not last forever. Jewelry is exposed to friction and other impacts every day, causing it to wear out.

Eventually the rhodium will wear off and the yellowish underneath layer will become visible. You can slow down this process by wearing your jewelry less often, but sooner or later the white gold piece will yellow.

The best way to preserve the color of your jewelry, other than not wearing it, is to replate it.

Remetallization is a procedure by which a jeweler adds a new layer of rhodium to your jewelry. The price you pay for this service will depend on how worn the original rhodium plating is and how thick the new layer is.

In addition to appearance, there is another reason to replate white gold jewelry once the plating wears off - the alloy composition.

If the underlying gold alloy contains nickel and you are allergic to this metal, then any contact of your skin with the alloy may cause an allergic reaction.

Don't polish your jewelry too often

If your jewelry has a lot of scratches, you can get rid of them by polishing.

However, keep in mind that this process actually removes a tiny layer of material from the surface of the jewelry.

If your white gold jewelry is polished too often, all or part of its rhodium plating will also be removed and you will have to pay again to have the jewelry replated.

As a rule, jewelry should be polished by a professional and no more than a few times a year.

Is yellow gold better?

Yellow gold has its disadvantages, which are associated with its softness. It is a fairly soft metal and the higher the carat, the easier it is to scratch.

The scratched surface can, of course, then be polished. But polishing will remove the gold layer from your jewelry and make it thinner.

A lower carat value of a piece of jewelry indicates its greater reliability, because... there is little pure gold metal and many other additives. However, if you are allergic to nickel, then it is better not to buy gold jewelry with less than 14 carats.

What's better to buy?

Both have their advantages and disadvantages.

Before making the final decision to purchase jewelry, you need to pay attention to the presence of stones in it.

If the diamond has a low color scale (K or L), then it is best to have such a stone in a yellow gold setting.

This will hide the yellowish tint of the diamond.

And when a diamond is classified as colorless and almost completely transparent, then a white gold setting is perfect for it, which will complement the sparkle of the stone.

For those who want something more durable than white gold, platinum is the way to go.

Platinum is much more expensive, however, it does not scratch as easily and can be polished without applying an additional layer of rhodium afterwards.

Source: http://DragMag.ru/otlichija-mezhdu-belym-i-zheltym-zolotom/

How to distinguish gold from fake at home?

If you want to know how to distinguish gold from a fake, then this material will be useful to you. How can you identify fake gold yourself without turning to jewelers?

Firstly, you need to know the characteristics of gold as a metal, and secondly, you don’t have to run to a specialized store; you can do several steps to determine the authenticity of the metal right at home.

How to distinguish gold from fake? 10 ways

Before choosing one of the methods, you need to know about the hallmarks that are placed on gold and the features of this noble metal.

Try

Each gold item has a hallmark or hallmark. Seeing a sample is not so difficult, but if you take a magnifying glass and look through it, you can clearly see the sample number, carat weight or other special designations that indicate the authenticity of the product (for example, markings of a jewelry factory or something else).

For each piece of jewelry there are certain standards for the location of samples. Where should they be:

• Earrings - with a clasp;
• Rings - on the inner rim;
• Bracelet with clasp;
• Stud earrings - the stem of the product or clasp;
• Clock - inner side of the lid;
• Products with an English lock - lock shackle.

What do the test numbers mean? For example, 999 is the highest standard of pure gold. But the 585 sample is very common in jewelry stores and pawnshops, and it means that in addition to gold, there are other metals in it. That is, it is gold with impurities; people say it is an alloy.

Characteristics of gold

In order to identify real gold, you need to know about its characteristics and what it looks like. Guided by this knowledge, it will be easier for you to choose jewelry, because iodine, magnet or vinegar is not always at hand on the market. How to check whether it is real or not?

Sound

If you throw a ring on a table, it will make a characteristic ringing sound, similar to the ringing of crystal. Using an empty glass or glass, you can achieve the same sound by throwing a ring into it and listening to how clear the ringing is. But alas, this is difficult to do with other products.

Bite (strength test)

Gold is an inherently soft metal, which means it will definitely leave dents from your teeth. The deeper the dents, the higher the gold purity. But there is a drawback here - lead is also soft, so this method also does not provide a 100% guarantee.

Ceramics

For this test method, we need a ceramic plate without a glazed coating (tiles are also suitable). Is there one like this on the farm? Then this option will work!

• Take a plate and decoration.
• We pass the decoration along the plate, lightly pressing the product.
• Let's look at the result. If there is a black mark left, the jewelry is fake; if it is golden, authenticity is guaranteed.

We handle gold carefully, as it can be severely scratched during testing. And don’t forget that sometimes products are plated with gold only on the outside, while inside you can find copper, brass, and other metals. So it’s better to check the products with several options.

Vinegar

If you put jewelry in a glass of vinegar, it will not have any effect on gold, but it can oxidize other metals. By omitting the gold, the vinegar will remain just as transparent, but other metals, when oxidized, can make the liquid cloudy and darken.

Iodine

A good old way to check the authenticity of gold. Apply a drop of iodine solution to the inner surface (if possible) and observe. If the product does not change color in this place, then it is gold. And if the color changes to gray or black, we consider the product to be fake.

Magnet

If you have a real magnet, then feel free to throw it in your pocket when going to a jewelry store. It is important to note that refrigerator magnets or thin magnetic tapes will not work. You need to purchase a thick, good magnet, which is used when working with metals.

As a result, you need to remember that gold is not attracted, and if the product is attracted, then its authenticity is doubtful, it is rather a low-quality alloy.

Be careful, tin and aluminum will not react to a magnet, but they weigh very little, so be sure to weigh the product. And, for example, copper will be slightly attracted to the magnetic surface.

Nitric acid

This method is high quality, but a little complicated. It must be done at home.

1. For the test, you need to take a metal dish without visible stains.
2. Place the product on the bottom.
3. Take a pipette, collect nitric acid and drop 1 drop onto the product.
4. If it has a greenish tint, you have metal in front of you. The color of the milk is an alloy of gold with impurities. The product has not changed color - pure gold.

Black bread

A popular method that takes a couple of days of your time.

1. Take a crumb of black bread.
2. Roll the crumb in such a way that the product is inside the bread.
3. Leave it for a couple of days.
4. When you break it, the gold will not change color, but the metal will darken and oxidize.

Pharmacy pencil

But not just from a pharmacy, but lapis. It is used to stop bleeding and treat wounds. It is sold in every pharmacy.

1. Wet the gold.
2. Draw a pencil over the surface.
3. Pat dry with a towel.
4. You won’t find any traces on the gold; a pencil mark will remain on the fake.

Needle

The needle will help determine whether the product is gold or gold plated. You need to scratch the jewelry item and look for scratches. If they are present and the gilding is peeling off the item, then you are holding a fake, but if there are no scratches, then the item is real.

If you are not afraid of damaging the gold item, take a metal nail file and scratch the item. The result is the same as after the needle.

Sun

The authenticity of gold is also checked outside on a bright sunny day. But this method cannot be relied upon with 100% certainty.

1. Examine the decoration in the shade.
2. Take it out into the sun and look again. The original does not change its luster and color; other metals may change depending on the lighting.

Archimedes' method

This method is not easy and takes a certain amount of time and effort.

1. Take a deep bowl and measure its volume.
2. Pour enough water into the bowl so that when you lower the product, water begins to pour out.
3. According to Archimedes' law, a buoyant force acts on a thing that is lowered into water, which is equal to the weight of the water itself in the volume of the product in the water. The density of water is 900 kg per 1 m3 cubed. Using this formula we calculate the mass of gold.

The problem has an asterisk, but this method was often previously used in determining the authenticity of a product.

What is the difference between gold and gilding?

The decoration consists entirely of gold alloy - both inside and outside. Gilding is only the top layer of the product. The product is made from another metal, and only gold is sprayed on top, so some of the methods described above are not suitable for determining authenticity (for example, methods for determining authenticity in the sun or using iodine).

Gilding is most easily determined using the needle or nail file method, which were described above. The top layer is easy to wash off. And if there is yellow metal inside, run it across the ceramic, it will definitely leave a black mark.

It is also important to know that gold-plated products are not hallmarked, so they are easy to distinguish. But the sample is not a guarantee of quality; it is placed on individual parts of the product. Therefore, read on, how not to be deceived by scammers in the gold market?

about how to identify real gold.

How to avoid becoming a victim of scammers?

In the modern world, some scammers manage to send only part of the jewelry, such as a clasp, for examination and confirmation. The jeweler checks the product and, of course, tests it, since the metal on the clasp meets the standards. The clasp is returned to the seller and he embeds it into a low quality counterfeit piece of jewelry.

There are certain rules on how to avoid falling into the clutches of scammers. By following them, you guarantee yourself peace of mind and the purchase of truly gold products.

• Choose your stores carefully. You should not buy gold in small shops or pawn shops. Check the quality certificates and don’t believe them if they convince you that samples and stamps are not stamped abroad. Not a single piece of jewelry can cross the border without samples and documents.
• Sample 583. This sample was set in Soviet times, that is, there are practically no fakes. Do not be alarmed if you are offered the purchase of such a product. This is a quality item, buy without hesitation.
• A copper product can be distinguished from gold using the “Strength Test” method. Copper leaves a coppery taste in the mouth. Gold has no aftertaste. Copper also oxidizes quickly and darkens over time.
• Often on the shelves we see jewelry made from an alloy of titanium and gold. In fact, there is only one name, since such jewelry does not contain a single gram of gold.
• Price. You should not think that the price of gold cannot be lower than your ideas about gold. The pricing policy varies based on the weight of the jewelry, the country of its manufacturer, the size and complexity of the product.
• The most common samples are 585 and 750. They are easy to decipher. 585 means that the product contains 58.5% gold, respectively, in jewelry 750 samples - 75% of the noble metal. But when you are in Turkey, do not believe a single sample. They put whatever sample they want there.
• Unevenness, roughness, scratches, chips, poorly printed sample, uneven color - all these are indicators of low-quality products.

It should be understood that you are unlikely to see gold in its pure form anywhere in a store or pawnshop. You shouldn’t chase 999 fineness, it’s not practical at least from the point of view that gold is a soft metal. If you wear a ring made of pure gold, you will bend it on the very first day you hold the handrail on public transport.

Source: https://originalpoddelka.ru/dragocennosti/zoloto/

Highest quality jewelry: properties of pure gold

Gold is a noble metal that serves as a reflection of the power and wealth of the state or the wealth of a particular person. This metal is considered precious, because its quantity on the planet is limited, and its extraction requires special skills and a lot of time.

For many centuries, this symbol of power has captivated seekers, leaders, and travelers. They are tirelessly searching for the gold of ancient peoples under the rubble of lost cities, and trying to identify ore deposits on mountain slopes and river valleys.

What is pure gold, how to recognize it and how does it differ from other metals?

general information

Gold is a metal that is listed in the periodic table of chemical elements under number 79. In Latin it is called Aurum, abbreviated as Au. Gold owes its name to its color, because in translation it means “yellow”.

If we turn to mythological sources, then there is an obvious parallel with Aurora - the goddess of the morning dawn, who every day illuminates the sky with a golden morning strip of light.

Gold is soft; the metal itself in its pure form is quite malleable and easily bends and changes shape.

It is not so easy to extract pure gold, because it can be hidden deep in the depths of rocks, or mixed with soil, silt, sand, and other minerals. Gold mining can be done industrially, in the form of mining a gold-bearing vein.

In this case, the rock is sifted using special heavy equipment, leaving behind gold grains and throwing out unnecessary soil. Such equipment can also operate on a platform installed in a large body of water.

A more painstaking, but quite relevant method of extraction is working in the mountains and on streams.

Typically, gold is washed out of the rocks and settles at the bottom of the stream. It is not always possible to find a large piece of metal; more often, prospectors are engaged in filtering silt and sand, during which gold grains settle at the bottom of special dishes. This method is possible due to the high density of the material. At the bottom you can also find nuggets - pieces of pure gold. However, the procedure is very labor intensive as the particles are often barely visible to the human eye.

Who needs gold?

Gold is being mined quite actively, especially now, due to growing demand and the capabilities of the latest technology. Its entire reserve is divided into pure gold and its alloys, of which, of course, there are more. Gold is used to back up national currencies, because everyone has heard about gold and foreign exchange reserves. Also, you can pay with gold, as well as invest your savings in it during an unstable economy.

More than a third of this metal on our planet is used in jewelry. In museums you can find jewelry and ritual items from ancient times, on the shelves of famous brands - rings, bracelets, earrings, pendants, and much more. In jewelry, gold is melted with the addition of other metals, but products can be coated with a thin layer of gold without impurities. Also, gold is actively used for industrial purposes and in dentistry.

Designations on precious metals

A gram of pure gold is an expensive pleasure. The price of gold depends on its quality and percentage of pure metal content. By the way, in nature you will not find its maximum possible concentration; the mined ore is purified using refining, directing atoms of another substance into the metal structure to remove excess. As a result, you can get the most ideal metal, with almost 100% gold content.

How to understand how good an ingot or product is? Each of them, as a rule, has a marking that tells about the manufacturing company, the percentage of gold and its purity. There are several marking systems, but in any case a stamp is applied to the product - embossing containing information about the sample. This may be an abbreviation for the birthday person of a jewelry factory.

In this case, the code consists of four letters, among which the first is the launch year code, the second is the code of the State Inspectorate of the Assay Factory, and the last two are the manufacturer’s code. Government control marks include the emblem of the country, which may be a coat of arms or a specially approved sign, and data on the composition of the gold.

It is noteworthy that all precious metals have a certain stamp pattern.

Hallmarks on gold items sold in Russia.

Gold stamping can be applied in various ways; laser is the most accurate and accurate. Now not a single product can be put up for sale without labeling; all measurements are carried out in a government agency, which eliminates the risk of fraud.

Systems for calculating impurities in gold

Pure gold, along with alloys, has such a quality assessment criterion as fineness. This is a numerical value that will tell you the percentage of impurities.

There are several measurement systems:

• Carats;
• Metric system;
• Spool valves.

Spool test is an attribute of Tsarist Russia; now it is found only in rare jewelry. The metric system is typical for the post-Soviet space, and in the West they prefer carats. Indicators in carats can range from 8 to 24, in the metric system - from 375 to 999. If we talk about compliance, we can give an example of equalizing both systems:

• 375 sample – 9 carats;
• 500 standard – 12 carats;
• 585 – 14 carats;
• 750 – 18 carats.

Of course, the numerical values ​​are not arbitrary; they are legalized by GOST, which may be different in each country.

In Russia there are hallmark values: 375, 500, 583, 585, 750, 958, 999. Gold up to 375 hallmark is not used in Russia, but in Europe there are jewelry with a lower value.

Best cleaning result

Pure gold is 999 fine or 24 carats according to the European system. This kind of gold is also called red gold. It is used to produce bars that fill vaults and coins that are usually purchased by collectors. In the east, jewelry is even made from gold of this standard.

In our everyday life, such gold is used for top coating and gilding. It can be used on jewelry, watches, furniture, figurines, and interior objects.

Such a layer will not only protect from external influences, due to the increased inertness of the metal, but will also add nobility to antique-finished objects.

The question of how many carats are in a bar should not arise in pure gold. The purest sample is called “five nines” because its value looks like 99.999. It corresponds to 1000 in fineness and 24 in carats. Its color is natural yellow. The surface is shiny, the metal itself is very soft, it can be scratched with a fingernail.

One of its advantages is malleability and ductility. The material is so malleable that it can be stretched to enormous lengths with microscopic thickness, or, on the contrary, flattened into the thinnest sheet without violating the integrity of the metal.

Bank gold, which is quoted on the international market, corresponds to the figure of four nines (99.99).

Ingots

Of course, the metal comes in different forms, and the banking “format” of pure gold is the bullion. It can be produced by sheet metal, stamping or cast in one piece. The mass of the precious metal is measured in ounces or grams. There are bars that weigh 1 gram, these are used as gifts or payments on special occasions. In the bank you can buy bars of various sizes - 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500 grams. The standard bar in the banking industry is 1000 grams.

An ounce is an international standard that indicates the volume and quality of an ingot. A troy ounce contains 31.1034768 grams. This measure originated from coins that were used in the Middle Ages. The figure for one ounce may vary among different historical sources. The Jewish unit of measurement is also known - the shekel. One shekel is 11.4 grams of pure metal. Asian countries have their own measurement measures.

Gold on the international market

In order to find out how many carats the metal that is pure gold corresponds to, you can pay attention to the precious metals market. Bidding takes place on yellow metal of at least 999.9 purity.

The precious metals index depends on the situation in the world and trading on the securities market. The price varies depending on the interest in buying metal.

Most often, demand appears when the economy is destabilized, when large investors transfer their assets from foreign currency to more reliable metal ones.

Purchasing pure gold is a win-win investment; over the years of its mining, interest in it has never waned. If the acquisition of a block of shares may not be justified due to the bankruptcy of the company or a decrease in its value on the market, then there are fewer risks when purchasing gold. If you want to invest in the future, you should choose this asset.

Over 10-15 years, the price will most likely allow you to remain a winner, and if you don’t make a profit, then keep your funds in full. You can buy jewelry for this, but a number of subtleties await you here. Selling jewelry after 2-3 years is not profitable for you. The price depends on tastes and fashion, since the design of the jewelry is very important, so there is a risk of not finding a buyer.

In addition, the jewelry is made from an alloy, and prices for it are less predictable. By investing in pure gold in the form of coins or small bars, you are making a smarter move.

Gold is an indicator of wealth and a reward, decoration and decoration. The universal and rare precious metal has ruled the world for many centuries without losing ground. If your cherished dream is to purchase your own ingot, choose a high-quality sample that complies with GOST and international standards. You can always find one at a bank; choose the one that inspires you the most confidence.

Source: http://golden-inform.ru/proby/chistoe-zoloto/

Why is pure gold soft? sample, the color of real gold!

Most people have the opinion that if a gold piece of jewelry can become wrinkled, then it is not real. It turns out that everything is just the opposite. Why is pure gold soft, what grade is pure gold and what color is pure gold?

Pure gold color

Pure gold has a yellow color with a reddish tint.

Pure gold color

Sample of pure gold

The purest standard of real gold is 999

Pure gold is 24 carats according to the European system or the familiar sign 999. Such gold is called red gold. It is used to produce coins for collectors, as well as to create gold bars that will fill gold vaults.

Pure gold is used for top coating and gilding. It is used on jewelry, watches, furniture, figurines, and interior objects. Gold plating will not only protect from external factors, thanks to the increased resistance of the metal, but will also add nobility to antique-finished items.

Why is real (pure) gold soft?

Real gold is very soft by nature and is easily destroyed by the environment around us. Pure gold is so soft that it is easily scratched, even by a human fingernail.

There is an experiment where a three-kilometer wire was stretched from a gram of gold.

And also one gram of gold is enough for thin foil, which will be thinner than a human hair and at the same time it will not break, but simply bend.

Just like other metals, gold can corrode. Corrosion resistance depends on the amount of gold content in the product, and the shade depends on the alloy.

If we go deeper into chemistry, this precious metal is the softest of the platinoids and is indispensable in the use of electrical contacts.

You've probably seen gold conductors and various gold-plated coatings.

Due to the softness of gold, it can be given different shapes as it is easy to process.
If you go deeper into history, jewelers have been using gold for five thousand years.

Gold alloys. Shades of gold

“Gold jewelry” is not actually made from pure gold, but from gold-containing alloys. Gold is the main component of the gold alloy, and its share is marked by the hallmark (for example, 585 gold contains 58.5% pure gold) (more about gold hallmarks).

Additional metals included in the alloy are called alloy . Gold alloys are most often three-component: gold + silver + copper. However, in some cases the alloy may be more complex.

When preparing a gold alloy, you need to take into account that some elements do not mix with each other, dividing into separate layers in the liquid state.

Therefore, it may be necessary to follow a certain sequence in preparing the solution, which of course requires sufficient qualifications.

The proportion of pure gold and the ligature determine the properties that a particular alloy will have, including the shade of future gold jewelry.

The influence of different metals in the alloy on the properties of the gold alloy

Silver makes the alloy more ductile and malleable. It also changes the shade of the alloy, making it whiter. If you add more than 30% silver, the shade of the yellow alloy will become noticeably lighter, and when the amount of silver increases to 65%, the gold will turn white.

When copper , the alloy becomes harder, but its anti-corrosion properties are reduced. Copper also gives the alloy a reddish tint.

Cadmium makes the alloy more easily melted. It also gives the alloy a greenish tint.

Zinc gives the alloy properties similar to cadmium.
It brightens the alloy, which is why it is used to make white gold. A small amount of zinc can also make the alloy slightly greener. Palladium makes the alloy more refractory, forcing the heating temperature to increase.
Thanks to this, the alloy becomes noticeably more ductile and lighter - palladium colors it white with a slight beige (flesh) tint. Nickel gives the gold alloy its hardness and changes the color of the alloy to pale yellow.
Used as a component of white gold. Platinum bleaches gold more intensely than other alloys and increases its elasticity.
Yellowness is lost when the alloy contains about 8% platinum. Nickel, platinum and palladium also give white gold alloys high anti-corrosion properties.

Gold alloys of different colors

We are all accustomed to the fact that gold can be “red”, “yellow” or “white”. However, in reality there are more shades. The table below shows possible combinations of metals when preparing gold alloys of different grades and shades. The Au column (percentage of gold content) precisely indicates the fineness of the product (58.5% is 585 fineness, and so on).

White gold

The white tint to the gold alloy is added by platinum, silver, palladium and nickel. White gold based on palladium is obtained if the proportion of this metal exceeds 16%.

Palladium gives the alloy additional strength and a pale shade of natural nobility, as well as the best characteristics. True, such an alloy will be noticeably more expensive due to the high cost of palladium.

A more "budget" version of white gold includes nickel , copper and some zinc.

Red gold

Copper gives the gold alloy its red tint. The usual composition of the ligature of such an alloy is silver and copper.

Blue gold

- obtained by alloying gold with iron (a rare case of a two-component alloy).

Green gold

The green tint is obtained by melting gold with silver with the addition of cadmium.

purple gold

The hue of gold can even become purple - for this you need to add aluminum, cobalt and palladium to the alloy.

In addition, it is possible to obtain a light olive tint of a gold alloy (adding tellurium), a shiny black tint (adding silver or nickel and cobalt), as well as several others.

How are gold alloys marked?

According to the accepted standard, the marking of gold alloys is as follows:

ZlSrM 583-80 (that is, the alloy includes 58.3% gold, 8% silver, 33.7% copper) and the like.

impurities (inclusions of base metals) in gold alloys should not exceed the permissible limit of 0.17%.

Colors of gold alloys depending on composition

Alloy color% Au (gold)% Ag (silver)% Cu (copper)% Ni (nickel)% Zn (zinc)% Pd (palladium)% Fe (iron)

Light yellow	58,5	32,0	9,5	—	—	—	—
Yellow	58,575,0	28,012,2	13,512,8	—	—	—	—
Dark yellow	58,5	23,0	18,5	—	—	—	—
Pink	58,5	14,0	27,5	—	—	—	—
Red	58,575,0	7,06,0	34,519,0	—	—	—	—
Green	58,575,0	39,025,0	2,5-	—	—	—	—
White	58,558,575,0	-18,5-	18,5-5,5	15,5-15,5	7,58,04,0	-15,0-	—
Blue	75,0	—	—	—	—	—	25,0

Source: http://juvelirum.ru/spravochnik-po-dragotsennym-metallam/zoloto/splavy-iz-zolota/

All about white gold

Pure precious metal is distinguished by a bright yellow color - this is exactly the shade of the highest 999 standard. Other shades of the metal are obtained by adding other components to the alloy. What does white gold look like? The compound has a characteristic light shade and a beautiful clean shine. This is clearly visible in the photo.

The 585 standard will take on a light pale hue if the copper in the alloy is replaced with other components. These components not only change the original yellow color of the precious metal, but also improve the hardness and wear resistance of the future material for jewelry.

Nickel, palladium or platinum can be added to the alloy master alloy. Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages. The cheapest way to achieve the desired shade of the precious metal is to add nickel to the alloy.

In addition to the lowest cost, this method allows you to achieve high hardness of the final joint, as well as good polishing ability of the finished product. But nickel can cause an allergic reaction.

What does this mean? White gold with the addition of nickel, when worn, can cause dermatitis in its owner.

FOR MANY WHO HAVE PURCHASED WHITE GOLD AND DIAMOND JEWELRY, AN ALLERGIC REACTION CAN BE AN UNPLEASANT SURPRISE.

In the countries of the European Union, the use of nickel for the production of light precious metal alloy is prohibited. It is unknown how products brought from other countries will behave: their safety depends on the legislation regulating the jewelry industry of a particular country.

Palladium has been actively used as a replacement for nickel in recent years. Products made from white gold, in which this metal is present in the ligature, are not inferior in beauty to jewelry made from an alloy with nickel. But palladium is considered a less hard metal, so it is problematic to use such a compound for the production of rings, bracelets and chains of complex designs - fancy bends and sharp corners will lose their original appearance after some time.

To solve this problem, jewelers use rhodium galvanization of products. What it is? Galvanization is a process in which one metal is coated with another metal by electrolysis. The procedure of how white gold is plated with rhodium is best illustrated in pictures. After this procedure, an alloy containing nickel becomes safe for humans and acquires an additional noble shine.

In addition to nickel and palladium, platinum can be used to obtain light raw materials for jewelers. This precious metal is quite hard, so it can easily replace nickel. Due to its pronounced whitening properties, platinum makes it possible to obtain precious alloys with a special aristocratic pallor. Products made of white gold with diamonds or black pearls are considered elite and are valued above others.

The light alloy of the precious metal is characterized by high hardness. Jewelers love to use white gold specifically for setting stones, as they can be easily and firmly fixed in jewelry. Sometimes it is used simply as a edging of a precious stone in a product made of yellow or red precious metal. According to most jewelry designers, diamonds look best against a light background. The alloy of this shade brings out the brilliance and purity of these stones to the highest degree.

Craftsmen make combined jewelry from a precious metal with an unusual color, when two shades are used for the product: light and yellow. The original combination of shades allows you to realize complex design ideas. Jewelry made from a light metal alloy is considered an indicator of taste and an indicator of fashion. Reviews of white gold as luxury jewelry speak for themselves.

Buying jewelry: how not to fall for a fake?

The popularity of light-colored gold has led to the fact that unscrupulous sellers of jewelry stores offer their clients a silver product under the guise of a white precious metal or even a fake that does not contain any precious metals in its composition.

What does real white gold look like? A distinctive feature of products made from it is its pronounced shine. Sometimes you may be offered jewelry in light colors, but matte rather than shiny. This is quite possible if the master increases the silver content in the alloy master alloy. A matte surface is not a sign of poor quality; white 585 test can be matte - this compound is usually used to give the product a special originality.

You can recognize a fake by carefully studying the prices in a jewelry store. White gold will cost more than regular gold - yellow or red. Its price depends on the composition of the alloy: copper added to a regular yellow precious metal alloy is cheaper than silver, palladium, and especially platinum.

White gold items may cost differently, but have the same shade. You will not be able to distinguish the sample of the jewelry in the photo. In this case, you need to inquire about the composition of the alloy: a light-colored compound with nickel will cost less than a metal of the same shade, where the alloy contains platinum.

When purchasing jewelry made of white precious metal, pay attention to the color and shine of the product. Palladium gives the metal a steely tint, nickel leaves some yellowish sheen, and platinum makes the alloy very pale. Rhodium plating provides the ring with a bluish shine in a cool color range.

585 white gold is difficult to distinguish from a photo from an alloy of a different composition. How to verify the authenticity of a product in practice? You can start checking with the sample itself.

The marking of a piece of jewelry must consist of an hallmark, a manufacturer's mark, and an assay inspection mark.

If there is no hallmark on a white gold ring with diamonds, and the seller refuses to provide the necessary supporting certificates, then you have the right to doubt not only the authenticity of the precious metal, but also the value of the stones in the setting.

Do not forget that scammers can quite easily buy equipment and stamp the jewelry themselves, so it is necessary to evaluate the precious product according to other parameters. Look at the color and shine of the metal; white gold, no matter how light it is, will differ from silver in a warm tint. As the concentration of silver in the alloy increases, its color will turn gray.

You can run the ring across a blank sheet of paper; genuine jewelry, unlike silver, will not leave any mark. For accuracy, you can also test with acetic acid or iodine. Drop a little iodine onto the surface of the jewelry: if you wipe off a drop, then there should be no trace left on the gold. White gold jewelry placed in vinegar will not change its color, which cannot be said about products made from raw materials that have a different composition - the results of the experiment are visible even in the photo.

A SIMPLE CHECK WITH A MAGNET TO RECOGNIZE AN OBVIOUS FAKE. IF THE DECORATION IS ATTRACTED TO IT, THEN YOU ARE IN FRONT OF ORDINARY STEEL, THE SURFACE OF WHICH IS COATED WITH PRECIOUS METAL. REAL WHITE GOLD WILL NOT ATTRACT TO A MAGNET.

The purchase of precious jewelry is always considered as a type of investment. This type of investment has its own characteristics. A white alloy fashion item may lose its value over time unless it has other artistic or historical value.

White gold jewelry with diamonds is valued above others. Jewelers agree that the two elements are meant for each other. Diamonds fully reveal their beauty against a pale light background, and the alloy with platinum is considered the most valuable, belonging to the elite class.

A product made of light precious metal is unlikely to be suitable as an investment item, especially since after some time scratches and chips will appear on the surface of the jewelry itself and the stones. White gold is most often considered as an object of jewelry that carries aesthetic value.

Source: http://www.999gold.ru/news/view/477