How to connect a copper tube - Metals and their processing

Overview of fittings for installing copper pipes

Copper components for pipeline installation are not inferior to analogues made from other materials, and are even superior in durability and resistance to temperatures. However, the reliability and functionality of copper communications completely depends on the quality of the connection nodes.

Where are copper pipes used?

Fittings and pipes made of high-quality copper are not inferior in technical qualities to components for pipelines made from other popular materials. Unlike iron-based alloys, copper does not rust at all. In addition, it is not afraid of ultraviolet radiation, extremely low and high temperatures, whereas polymer compounds are equally destructive to sunlight, frost and extreme heat. Copper pipes weigh little, are easy to transport, store and install.

All these positive qualities allow copper pipe products to remain popular as components for installation of systems:

hot and cold water supply,
air conditioning,
gas distribution,
heating.

Features of connecting elements for copper pipes

Since copper components are used in areas where even the slightest leaks are unacceptable, high demands are placed on copper pipeline components. When connecting pipes, it is important to ensure not only maximum reliability and tightness, but also to prevent chemical processes that will negatively affect the composition of the working environment and the condition of the pipeline.

To install the pipeline, you can use shaped elements from different materials:

Copper. This is the best option - pipes and fittings in key areas will respond equally to temperature fluctuations, which will reduce the likelihood of depressurization of units. In addition, all components made of copper, including connecting fittings, are made thin-walled, since copper is not subject to corrosion and there is no need to reserve thickness when manufacturing products. The thinner the walls, the lighter the fitting, so copper fittings are one of the lightest, which means they place minimal load on the pipeline.
Stainless steel. Such fittings are universal and suitable for connecting copper products to each other and for forming a transition between pipes made of different materials. However, due to the difference in temperature expansion of these materials, depressurization of the components may occur. In addition, stainless steel, when exposed to a hot or chemically aggressive working environment, is destroyed, albeit slowly.
Brass. Fittings made of brass, like stainless steel, are universal. Brass fittings for connecting copper pipes are preferable to steel ones, as they are closer in temperature expansion and service life.

Note! To connect copper pipes, you cannot use fittings made of black steel, even if it is chrome-plated or galvanized. With unalloyed steel, copper reacts, as a result of which the shaped element may collapse.

Types of fittings

All connecting fittings are divided into several types according to their functions:

Straight - for direct connection of two pipes of the same diameter. Such fittings are called couplings; the body usually has the shape of a cylinder.
Transitional – for direct connection of two pipes of different diameters. Adapters, or gearboxes, have a complex shape: two short cylinders of different sizes are connected by a truncated cone.
Angled, or rotary, - for connecting identical pipes at an angle. Such fittings are called bends or angles; the bending angle of the body is from 15 to 90 degrees.
Branching - for combining two or more streams or dividing one stream into several. Tee bodies have three pipes, the diameters of which may vary. Cross bodies consist of four or more pipes connected at right angles.
Sealing – for blocking free pipes. These shaped elements, called plugs, represent a lid or plug.

Features of different connection methods

Installation of units on copper pipelines is carried out in the following ways:

welded - heated to a temperature close to the melting point,
capillary – soldering at low temperature,
threaded - twisting onto a thread,
crimp - using compression fittings,
crimping - using press fittings and press pliers.

Note! Welding and capillary methods are only applicable for connecting copper pipes to each other or to copper fittings. Threaded, crimp and press fittings can be used not only in copper, but also in steel or brass.

Each method has nuances of installation work and features of the resulting units. Welding and soldering make it possible to form reliable one-piece units, but their implementation requires welding equipment, and its use is not always possible. Other methods can be used for installing copper pipelines in rooms where finishing work has been carried out, in close proximity to other communications, including near gas pipes.

Welded connection of copper pipes

Welding of copper pipe products is carried out only butt.

The work is performed in the following order:

Asbestos-cement sheets are laid under the elements to be connected to reduce heat loss and speed up the heating of the pipe and fitting.
The ends of the fitting and pipe are heated with a gas burner operating at high power.
The melted sections are joined and pressed tightly against each other, avoiding distortions.
The cooled seam is forged to reduce the graininess of the resulting burr.

Note! Copper cools easily, so heating and joining should be done as quickly as possible. If thick-walled pipes are welded, connect a second burner, which heats the melted sections without allowing them to cool.

Capillary connection or soldering

A more popular method of installing copper components than welding is soldering. Firstly, this method does not require strong heating of the parts to be joined and subsequent forging of the seam. Secondly, there are no restrictions on the time of work, since it is not the pipes and fittings that need to be heated, but the solder - a thin wire made of technical copper.

The connection is made in several steps:

Insert the pipe into the socket of the fitting.
Heat the joint by applying solder to the pipe along the edge of the socket placed on it.
The molten solder rises along the gap between the copper elements, filling it evenly.
Allow the formed knot to cool.
After cooling, clean the outer part of the connection from solder residues using a cleaning agent. For the same purpose, the insides of the pipeline are washed with water immediately or upon completion of installation of all components.

Note! The name of the method comes from the capillary effect - a liquid can overcome gravity and move upward between two surfaces at a certain distance between them. Molten copper is a liquid and therefore rises between the walls of the pipe and fitting. However, this method requires that the pipe network elements being connected have sockets that provide the required clearance.

Using Threaded Fittings

The simplest is a threaded connection, made if you need to form a detachable unit. Most often, steel and brass fittings are used for this method, which can have internal or external threads.

Installation is carried out as follows:

Wrap FUM tape onto the external thread of the fitting or pipe.
Screw an element with an external thread into an element with an internal thread manually.
Screw the fitting all the way in using a wrench.

Note! Threaded units are prone to loosening during operation and require periodic tightening. Therefore, they can be installed only in those sections of the pipeline that are accessible for preventive maintenance.

Compression fittings

Compression fittings consist of a body with external threads on fittings, a ferrule nut and one or two ferrules. The essence of the connection method is that the end part of the pipe is clamped between the fitting fitting and the compression nut.

This method is convenient in that it is carried out without heating, without special tools - an adjustable wrench is enough; with the same wrench, if necessary, you can dismantle the unit. At the same time, the reliability of the compression unit is much higher than that of a threaded unit.

Compression fittings are made from various materials, but only those with ferrules made of copper are used to connect copper pipes.

The connection is made in the following order:

Remove from the fitting and place the crimp nut on the pipe, moving it away from the edge.
Perform the same actions with the crimp rings one by one.
Insert the fitting into the pipe.
Alternately slide the rings towards the fitting body and screw on the nut.
Tighten the crimp nut with a wrench.

Note! Applying excessive force when tightening the ferrule nut may deform the pipe or strip the fitting threads.

Features of the use of press fittings

Crimping is similar to the crimp connection method, but to perform the crimping unit, a press fitting and press pliers are required.

The fitting for crimping consists of a body with a smooth or ribbed fitting, a fixing ring and a press ring.

Assembly installation procedure:

Place a press ring and a fixing ring on the pipe and move them away from the cut.
Install the fitting into the pipe.
Slide the rings one by one towards the fitting body.
Tighten the press ring with press pliers.

The resulting connection is non-separable and is not inferior in reliability to welded and capillary ones.

Source: https://InfoTruby.ru/fitingi/dlya-mednyh-trub

Copper pipe connection

Copper pipes are connected in three ways: using compression fittings, by capillary soldering and using press fittings. Each of these methods has its pros and cons. It all depends on the exact conditions in which you plan to operate the plumbing system.

The main advantage of this technique is ease of installation and a minimum of auxiliary tools. Anyone can cope with such work, because you only need to tighten the nuts with two keys. Disadvantages of connection using fittings: limited maximum pressure (up to 10 BAR) at a system temperature of 100 degrees.

Connecting copper pipes with compression fittings

During installation, it is also extremely important to prevent the slightest distortion. If the fittings are intended for “soft” pipes, a special liner bushing is required. The last factor is extremely important, but it is often neglected.

Advantages of soldering joints: neatness and evenness of seams, minimal amount of solder required, affordable cost. Operational characteristics: maximum operating pressure 40 BAR at a maximum system temperature of 150 degrees. Capillary soldering requires a torch (propane or acetylene), flux, and solder. This method of connecting copper pipes requires a person to have certain experience and knowledge.

From press fittings

Advantages of installation work without soldering: high reliability, average cost with quick payback. To perform work without soldering, using press fittings, a person requires a minimum of knowledge and skills. Connecting copper pipes in this way is a matter of minutes.

Connecting copper pipes with a press fitting

Securing the fitting with press pliers

Traditionally, copper products are mounted with steel parts using crimp (compression) fittings. Working technology:

The fitting is disassembled, then a pipe is inserted into it, onto which a ferrule ring and a clamping nut are pre-attached.

The nut is tightened by hand until it stops. It is important to ensure that there are no distortions. Based on the diameters of the copper pipe or the instructions specified in passport documents or special tables, the nut is tightened a certain number of turns using a wrench. Typically the number of turns is between ½ and ¼. It is important to follow the recommended speed. Otherwise, the pipe may become deformed.

Connecting copper products to steel parts is quite simple. If something remains unclear to you, we strongly recommend watching the training video, which explains in detail how to mount copper parts with steel pipes.

Installation technology

Using a pipe cutter or a hacksaw, the required length of pipe is cut;
Pipe cutter
Its outer and inner parts are cleaned with a scraper or file from roughness and burrs;
The ends of the products are leveled with a special calibrator;
Products are bent using a pipe bender or manually using a bending spring. This is a very important part of the work, because an incorrectly made bend can in the future lead to corrosion of the pipeline.

How to connect copper products?

The required section of the product is cut off, as in the previous version;
The outer and inner parts are cleaned of dirt using a special brush or sponge for copper;
The pipe is inserted into the capillary fitting as far as possible, flux is applied, the excess of which can be removed with a clean cloth;
The connection is heated using a gas burner or a special construction hair dryer, and solder is applied.
The solder should melt and evenly fill the mounting gap;
We are waiting for the solder to cool naturally. Remains of flux are removed with a damp and clean cloth.

Now you know how to connect copper pipes in several ways. If anything about copper installation seems unclear to you, you can always study the instructional video.

In principle, this work is quite simple and can be done independently, without resorting to the services of professionals.

Source: http://TrubyGid.ru/soedinenie-mednyh-trub

Copper pipes: mechanical connection methods without soldering

page » Copper pipes: mechanical connection methods without soldering

Despite the frequent use of soldering technology for connections, copper pipe is often connected to fittings and fittings using mechanical methods without the use of heat from a gas torch.

Moreover, with technological development, mechanical methods of connecting copper pipe assemblies are becoming more and more practical and rational for work.

At the moment, connections of copper pipes, fittings and fittings can be made using several proven mechanical methods of detachable connections. Let us consider these options for mechanical assembly without heating in more detail.

Mechanical detachable connections for copper pipes

Plumbing and other practices are marked by the use of a number of methods for creating detachable connections, which are not inferior in reliability and strength to soldered ones. When operating plumbing and other systems where copper pipes are used, there are installation fragments where copper soldering is impossible in principle. For such situations, detachable mechanical connections are precisely applicable:

Conical flaring.
Rolling grooves.
Bonding crimp.
Insertion by pressing.

Let's consider the technological aspects of each method in case of use for the construction of copper pipeline systems.

Method #1: conical flare connection

Tubes deployed at the ends - widened towards the end - are considered an acceptable alternative for organizing a connection when the use of soldering is undesirable or impractical.

Water supply systems usually have a connection between a pipe and a socket when connecting, for example, a water flow meter. In addition, copper pipe often has to be connected to brass fittings by socket fitting the end parts of the pipes, flared to a cone at 45°.

BRASS

A prepared conical mechanical connection of a copper pipe with a fitting for threaded fastening of the mating parts of the assembly.

This method is widely used in the installation of air conditioning systems.

This kind of connection of a copper pipe with a fitting (fitting) is carried out using an appropriate tool, through which a conical flaring of the end part of the copper pipe is made.

For each pipe size, a tool is used that matches the outside diameter of the copper pipe and the flaring angle—usually 45º.

The tool includes the following elements:

sliding metal strips with holes of different diameters;
a yoke equipped with a movable expanding cone;
clamping screw for sliding bars.

The copper tube is pre-cut with a disk pipe cutter to obtain a smooth end at a right angle relative to the axis of the pipe. Then the nut of the brass fitting is put on the body of the copper pipe and the end part of the copper pipe is flared to the full internal diameter without any residual internal burrs.

ROLLING

Conical flaring (reaming) of the final part of a copper pipe using a special tool set for flaring copper pipes of different diameters

The flaring procedure is simple. Basic moments:

align the end of the copper pipe exactly along the wide edge of the sliding rod;
install the yoke along the control side holes exactly above the cut of the copper pipe;
tighten the halves of the metal clamping strips with a fastening screw;
Screw the yoke screw with the cone smoothly along the thread until a characteristic click is heard.

It should be noted that not all tools provide a sliding function when full flaring is achieved - they give a characteristic control “click”. Therefore, the flaring process should be additionally monitored.

Method #2: Roll Groove connection

Pipelines created by connecting with end recesses (rolling grooves) have been practiced for a long time in the construction of sprinkler (irrigation) fire systems. Since 1925, this completely reliable method of connecting pipes has been used on steel and iron lines for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and other systems.

Meanwhile, a similar rolling groove mechanical joining method is also available for copper pipes with a diameter of 50mm to 200mm. The roll groove mechanical connection kit contains:

couplings,
gaskets,
various fittings.

The roll groove mechanical joining system offers a practical alternative to soldering larger diameter copper pipes. Accordingly, the rolling groove method does not require additional heating (use of an open flame), as in the case of soldering with hard or soft solders.

MECHANICAL

The rolling groove at the end of the copper pipe is one of the main elements of the “rolling groove” connection method. Measuring after rolling determines the appropriate fitting

The connection using the rolling groove method is based on the ductility properties of copper and the increased strength of this metal during cold working.

The design involves sealing the clamping system, for which a synthetic elastomer gasket (EPDM - Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene) and a specially designed clamp are used.

A number of manufacturers around the world offer tools for creating connections with rolling grooves - gaskets, clamps, fittings.

CRIMPING

Fittings and work clamps with gaskets of various sizes are used in connection designs made using the rolling groove method.

Preparing and performing a rolling groove connection

As with other solderless copper joining processes, proper pipe end preparation is of primary importance to creating a strong, sealed joint. The correct choice of rolling groove connection tool for each type of copper pipe is also obvious. Manufacturer's recommendations must be followed to ensure safe, trouble-free preparation of these types of connections.

Table of permissible pressures and temperatures for this type of connection

Connection type	Pressure range, kPa	Temperature range, ºC
Rolling groove, D = 50.8 – 203.2 mm, type K, L	0 — 2065	minus 35 / plus 120 for K minus 30 / plus 80 for L
Rolling groove, D = 50.8 – 101.2 mm, D = 50.8 – 203.2 mm type M	0 — 1725	minus 35 / plus 120
0 — 1375	minus 30 / plus 80

Step-by-step process for assembling an assembly using rolling grooves:

Cut the ends of the copper pipes to size exactly perpendicular to the axis.
Remove burrs after cutting and chamfer.
Roll grooves of the required dimensions, as required by the fitting manufacturer.
Inspect fittings, gaskets, clamps for damage.
Lubricate the gaskets according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

Before final assembly, inspect the clamping surfaces for cleanliness and the absence of construction debris. Assemble the connection in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

FOR COPPER

An almost assembled fragment of the assembly using the “rolling groove” method. The elastic gaskets of the clamping bracket are treated with a small amount of lubricant before final seating of the copper pipes

The lug nuts should be finally tightened using the required torque in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After tightening the screws, inspect the clamp area again to ensure that the assembly is assembled correctly.

Testing a Complete Rolled Groove System

Testing of a completed piping system can be carried out by applying air or water pressure to the system. The hydropneumatic method is also not excluded when a relatively high test pressure is used.

However, it should be taken into account that the test pressure value should not exceed the maximum permissible operating pressure specified by the manufacturer of the rolling groove system.

Method #3: Press-connect connection

Connecting copper pipe and copper alloy fittings using the crimp bonding method is fast, economical and does not require soldering technology. The Press-connect method originated in Europe in the late 1950s and is still used successfully today. Since the late 1990s, this connection method has spread throughout the world.

PRESS COPPER

Structural view of a mechanical bonding crimp connection (“press-connect”), where high tightness is achieved through the use of an elastomer seal

The practice of using a bonding crimp connection shows satisfactory results. As in the previous (#2) option, the effect of plasticity and pronounced strength of copper during cold working is used here. The bonding crimp connection requires the presence of:

special fitting,
elastomeric gasket,
crimping tool,
special sponges.

Typical pressure and temperature ranges for bonded crimp connections are shown in the table below:

Connection type	Pressure range, kPa	Temperature range, ºC
Crimp binder, D = 12.7 – 101.6 mm	0 – 1375	minus 18 / plus 120
High pressure crimp binder, D = 6.35 – 31.75 mm	0 — 4826	Minus 32 / plus 150

Step-by-step creation of a bonding crimp connection

The copper pipe for the bonding crimp connection should be carefully inspected for dents, deep scratches, dirt, oil, grease, and other defects on the outside and inside. If a slight ovality of the copper pipe is detected in the crimp area, the defect must be corrected with an appropriate tool.

Step 1: adjusting the workpiece to size

Preparatory process before creating a node using the “press-connect” method

Accurately adjust the length of the copper pipe, taking into account the stop at the base of the bowl of the connecting unit. Cut the workpiece to size using a disc pipe cutter, keeping the end edge perpendicular. Remove burrs and chamfer the end part of the copper pipe to eliminate the possibility of damage to the gasket when inserting the copper pipe into the fitting.

Step 2: Mark insertion depth and select jaws

Selecting the appropriate cam mechanism and marking the depth of insertion of the end part during the application of the bonding crimp method

FIGURE 8 Selecting the appropriate cam mechanism and marking the insertion depth of the end part during the application of the bonding crimp method

Check the fitting for use in the assembly, make sure that the sealing gasket is intact and is correctly positioned. The insertion depth of the copper pipe end into the fitting must be marked on the surface before inserting the copper pipe into the fitting. Select the appropriate size of pressing jaw and insert into the pressing tool.

Step 3: joining the copper pipe with the fitting and crimping process

The use of a crimping tool at the final stage of creating a joint by mechanical pressing

The copper pipe should be inserted all the way inside the fitting, aligned until the clamping jaws are applied to the fitting. Place the clamping jaws on the fitting collar at a 90° angle (perpendicular) to the center line of the copper pipe. Activate the pressing tool trigger.

Upon completion of the pressing cycle, loosen the clamping jaws, remove the tool and visually inspect the seam, focusing on the previously placed mark on the surface of the copper pipe.

High pressure crimp connections

Advances in bonded crimp technology and the development of O-ring materials are allowing bonded crimp connections to be used for high pressure applications. However, high pressure systems require a slightly different jaw configuration.

The result of manufacturing a connecting unit using the 360º double crimping technique

Bonded crimp connections for low pressure piping, process piping and non-medical compressed gas lines use a single standard hexagonal pressing shape.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1mQng5Okk8

Higher pressure bonding crimp connections require the use of specially designed press fittings and clamping jaws to provide a 360° double crimp on the fitting.

Source: https://zetsila.ru/%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0% B1%D1%8B-%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B-%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0% B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9/

How to connect copper pipes with and without soldering

Even taking into account the fact that polymer pipes are being used more and more often, metal products are still enjoying considerable success. Typically, the metal used is copper, brass and steel. Copper is superior in terms of resistance to corrosion and high temperatures. Actually, the connection of copper pipes will be discussed in this article.

Even though copper pipes are expensive, taking into account all the characteristics of the material, their use is quite justified.

First of all, before connecting copper pipes, you should decide how to connect them, by soldering or another method.

Connecting pipes using soldering

Let's consider connecting copper tubes with fittings followed by soldering, which can be low- and high-temperature. In the first method, soldering is carried out at a temperature of 300 ºC. The second method is used when installing systems with high loads for industrial purposes.

Couplings are used as connectors for copper pipes; tin-lead solder and flux are additionally needed.

The pipe soldering technology will be as follows:

First of all, a pipe of a certain size is cut. This process must be carried out carefully, taking into account the size of the existing fittings.
The ends of the pipes must be inspected - there should be no defects such as chips, cracks or burrs. If they are not eliminated, there will be problems with the tightness of the connection after all the work is completed.
After making sure that the ends are clean, you can start connecting. Due to the fact that several pipes will be connected, and they can be of different sections, the fittings must be selected accordingly.
Next, the end of the pipe and the inner walls of the couplings should be treated with flux, which will degrease the surfaces to obtain the highest quality connection.
Now the end of the pipe is threaded into the copper tube connector and heated. It must be selected so that the cross-section is 1-1.5 cm larger than the cross-section of the pipe. The pipes are heated with a gas burner. The gap between the pipe and the coupling is filled with molten solder. Currently, you can find any type of solder on the market to suit your needs, so there should not be any problems with the choice.
After the solder is evenly distributed around the circumference, the parts to be joined must be left until it has completely hardened.

At the final stage, you need to check the connectors for the copper pipes and the entire system by running water into it. At this moment, not only the system will be checked, but it will also be cleaned of flux residues, which over time can cause metal corrosion.

Sealed joining of copper pipes without soldering

Additionally, it is worth noting that, despite the fact that connecting pipes by soldering is considered the most reliable method in most cases, there are still situations when it is not possible to use this method. In such cases, you can resort to connecting copper tubes without soldering. Special fittings will be required that will ensure a reliable connection due to the clamping effect that is formed by the threaded connection.

In this case, the connection is made in the following sequence:

First, the fittings are disconnected, which often have two components.
One of the elements is put on the pipe. As a rule, this is a nut and a clamping ring.
Next, thread the pipe into the fitting and tighten the nut.

Typically, such fittings are equipped with detailed instructions, which must be followed, otherwise the work performed will be of poor quality.

It is worth noting that before connecting copper tubes without soldering, you should be aware of all the risks, since it is quite difficult to obtain a high-quality connection. Minimal distortions of the connected parts are not allowed at all, otherwise the technology is grossly violated.

To make the threaded connection extremely tight, it is advisable to additionally seal it with special threads. At the same time, it is worth making sure that they do not end up on the inside of the pipe, since subsequently water may not pass through the system properly.

Mandatory connection rules

For any type of connection, the list of work performed will look like this:

The connected pipes must be made of the same metal. If you are going to connect a copper pipe with a pipe made of any other material, you must decide on the desired connection method. For example, the soldering method cannot be used to join pipes made of copper and polyvinyl chloride.
When connecting a copper pipe to a steel pipe, the copper pipe should be placed after the steel pipe.
When tightening a threaded connection, you need to be extremely careful, especially if you have pipes with thin walls.
To correctly determine the amount of solder required, the piece of wire must have the circumference of the pipe being soldered.
A special burner is best suited for heating pipes. You can, of course, use a simple blowtorch, but in this case you need to be prepared that the joint will overheat and the entire work process will become somewhat more complicated.
It's no secret that copper pipes are a rather expensive material. In this regard, even before carrying out the work, it would not be superfluous to make preliminary calculations of the volume of required material. At the same time, remember that all connecting parts also have their own dimensions, so they must be taken into account.

In conclusion, it would not be amiss to note that connecting copper pipes is technologically a process of medium complexity. If you are doing this kind of work for the first time, then you need to be prepared for the fact that some nuances may arise. To understand the process and get as much insight as possible about it, it would be a good idea to get advice from professional workers, or at least get acquainted with the available video materials.

Source: https://trubaspec.com/soedinenie-trub/kak-vypolnyaetsya-soedinenie-mednykh-trub-s-paykoy-i-bez-neye.html

Connecting (soldering) copper pipes, how to connect copper pipes without soldering

To carry out the correct installation of hot and cold water supply, gas supply or air conditioning, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules and methods of connecting copper pipes in the system. The high cost is justified by high technical characteristics and long service life.

Fig 1. Working with a special burner

What nuances exist?

To organize the creation of a pipeline system, pipes made of durable plastic are used. Stainless steel belongs to the expensive price segment, but reliability covers this nuance. For major repairs, a copper pipe can be a full-fledged alternative.

Such a system favorably tolerates sudden temperature changes and is not afraid of large amounts of chlorine or ultraviolet radiation. To avoid the development of corrosion, special devices are installed inside. If there are no compositions of heavy metals and other substances in the liquid, then nothing will prevent such pipes from serving for even a dozen years.

Among the significant disadvantages are the following aspects:

Softness.
High price.

The last drawback is considered completely justified due to the long service life.

Basic requirements for welding work

Before carrying out important work, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the following points:

It is undesirable to use the lead version in the process of making water supplies, since it is a material that is highly toxic.
The optimal water supply flow should not exceed 2 m/s. Otherwise, solid impurities will begin to negatively affect the functioning of the structure.
During the installation process, the use of flux is important; at the final stage, the entire system must be cleaned. Otherwise, corrosion will form on the copper walls.
There should be no overheating at the joints of the structure. Otherwise, the strength of the structure is lost, as is the tightness at the joints.
It is planned to carry out soldering using other metals; connecting a copper pipe with a brass or bronze fitting is mandatory, otherwise the pipe will lose its strength.
If irregularities or burrs appear during pipe cutting, they must be smoothed out before soldering. This is due to a decrease in working time, the appearance and increase in the area of deformation.
The use of abrasive compounds is strictly prohibited. Residual particles may result in metallic defects or fistula formation.

When in contact with other substances during work from additional types of material, the flow of water should be directed from them to the copper structure. If this rule is violated, a chemical reaction of the pipeline occurs.

Fig 2. Water direction

The metal has great ductility, so it is easily subject to deformation during the cutting process.

Main types of connections

Once you start, it makes sense to read the wiring instructions and take care of the preliminary preparation: cut several pipes. You will need the following tools:

pipe cutter,
pipe bender,
hacksaw,
file.

To properly clean the surface, it is best to use sandpaper. Correct calculation of materials can only be made if there is a plan for future work, what pipe diameter is appropriate. Counting the number of connecting elements is considered a necessary procedure.

There are several ways to connect copper pipes used in installation work:

Welding. In manufacturing enterprises, the process has long been automated. However, it can be used independently using a special apparatus and electrodes. To create a protective environment, helium, argon, and nitrogen are used. In some situations you have to use a gas burner. Electrodes use copper, carbon, graphite or tungsten.

An important nuance is the strong discrepancy in the obtained characteristics of the seam and the metal from which the pipe is made. There is also a difference in the chemical determination of composition and thermal conductivity parameters. If there is a violation in the technology, the likelihood of seam divergence will increase several times.

Fig 3. Welding result

Only a qualified specialist with extensive experience can carry out welding competently and accurately. There are many nuances involved when choosing this technology. When planning to do all the work yourself, it is better to use an alternative connection method.

Capillary. In everyday life, specialists rarely encounter the need to connect copper pipes. The simplest solution to this problem is soldering using a gas burner or a blowtorch.

There are two ways:

using high temperatures. You will need a burner made of propane or acetylene, alloys of hard metals,
at low temperatures. A blowtorch and soft metals are enough.

Figure 4. Capillary soldering

The end result is almost identical: a reliable and durable connection. The first option involves a more durable and smooth seam. But the likelihood of burning the pipe increases due to the high heating temperature of the gas. For solder you will need a base of tin, or a combination of lead with bismuth, copper or silver. But the use of heavy metals (lead) is not advisable when installing water supply.

At home it is possible to implement:

connecting copper pipes using compression fittings,
bell-shaped

When choosing the second option, one end of the pipe is first expanded using an expander. It is put on the end of another pipe and soldered. The procedure is performed only at the joining of pipes. When expanding the end of the pipe, leave 0.1-0.2 mm as a gap. The space is completely filled using capillary technology.

It is important not to cause mechanical damage to the structure when soldering. If the pipe is made of durable R290 copper, it is pre-fired. The result is an analogue with greater softness. Changes in pressure must be taken into account during the calculation process.

To facilitate the process, you can purchase ready-made connecting fasteners: coupling, tee, turn, plug. They already have a bell. But this requires additional financial costs, although it significantly simplifies the procedure and reduces work time.

Figure 5. Fasteners

The pipe is coated with flux so as not to use additional filters for cleaning. Soldering is carried out when the optimum temperature is reached. When melting, the metal flows inside. If a large amount gets in, it will flow out on its own from inside the structure. As a result, the pipe diameter becomes smaller.

If complications arise during the procedure, it is recommended to use the fitting. To simplify the task, production uses a special belt of capillaries. All that remains is to put it on the pipe and solder it.

Press coupling or collet fitting. In places where it is planned to make solder, put on a ring with a seal. If a press coupling is used, then it must be clamped with pliers, and when fitting, you need to acquire a wrench and a union nut. The ends of the pipes must fit tightly so that there are no gaps. The coupling eliminates leaks.

Figure 6. Push-in fitting

For everyday tasks, connecting copper pipes using auxiliary elements and without soldering is the best option, since the likelihood of making serious mistakes is reduced.

Figure 7. Methods for connecting copper pipes

Selection of installation equipment

In practice, two options for installing a copper piping system are most often used. Before starting work, everyone decides for themselves which pipeline will be: detachable or permanent.

The following connection methods are distinguished:

welding using an electric apparatus,
by pressing,
using a gas torch or electric soldering iron.

All methods are allowed to be selected in production, regardless of the type of pipeline. The main thing is to decide whether fittings will be used additionally or not. If the system must be easy and accessible in terms of repair work or adding additional elements, it is advisable to make the pipeline detachable. Fitting can be selected:

compression,
threaded,
with automatic fixation.

For self-creation, this is the best option; there is no need to use soldering. It is not necessary to have extensive experience or knowledge to make a collapsible system yourself at home. You will have to tighten the nuts periodically to avoid leaks. Constantly adjusting the pressure leads to a decrease in the strength of the fasteners.

The option without including connectors is relevant in a situation where it is planned to cover it with a concrete screed. Here welding will become a mandatory procedure. It differs from the first option in its long service life and reliability. Threads should not be present on a copper product. The connection is made only using fittings. Additionally, soldering or pressing will be required.

Figure 8. An example of a one-piece system

Conclusion

The choice of connecting copper pipes depends on the conditions under which all work is planned to be carried out and for what purposes it is necessary. As a rule, soldering work using a special apparatus is advisable if you have specialized knowledge and experience. Without soldering, this is definitely an option for household use.

In the latter case, additional connecting elements and fittings are purchased. But you will have to periodically monitor the condition of the pipeline, since over time the fasteners may leak. Therefore, you will have to periodically tighten the fasteners.

Source: https://ZnatokTepla.ru/truby/kak-soedinyat-mednuyu-trubku.html

How to connect copper tubes without soldering - Metalworker's Guide

Even though copper pipes are expensive, taking into account all the characteristics of the material, their use is quite justified.

First of all, before connecting copper pipes, you should decide how to connect them, by soldering or another method.

How to connect a copper tube to a fitting

Pipeline fittings are used to connect pipes of a wide variety of diameters and sizes. Certain types of fittings are necessary for bending the pipeline, for example, T-shaped and Y-shaped fittings, as well as bends.

Main types of fittings

Straight fittings have components such as plugs, adapters, and couplings. Examples of fittings are shown in the figure below. Exactly how each fitting is made depends on the material used to make it.

Examples of steel, copper and plastic fittings

Copper fittings, both with and without threads:
T-piece.
End coupling with 90 degree rotation.
Y-shaped tee.
Couplings.
Adapter.
Copper and plastic fittings:
Fitting with internal thread.
Fitting with 90 degree rotation.
T-piece.
Y-shaped tee.
Adapter.
Clutch.
Steel fittings:
Internal plug.
Threaded options.
Cover with plug.
Sgon.
Fitting option.

Photos of fittings made of various materials

And now a small photo gallery showing the impressive variety of all kinds of fittings that are presented on our market.

Steel chrome fittings

Copper fittings

Plastic fittings (PVC)

Coupling, adapter and drive

A coupling is necessary to combine two pipe sections of the same diameter into one line. If the pipes have different diameters, you will need an adapter . A commonly used squeegee is a tube of steel with an external thread, usually available in small lengths up to 30cm long.

Squeezing is necessary to increase the length of the pipeline and connect pipe sections that can be disconnected at any time. The plug is needed to block the end of the pipe. If pipes made from different materials are combined, then specialized fittings are needed to connect them, some of which are shown in the figure below.

A variety of fittings for connecting pipes made of different materials

Fitting for connecting a copper pipe to a steel pipe:
Thread for screwing on a metal pipe.
A copper pipe is connected by solder to another copper pipe.
Copper fitting, connects to copper pipe.
The end for screwing into the nut.
Rubber gasket.
The plastic part is inserted into the nut.
Copper pipe.
Fitting connected with solder.
Fitting for connecting a plastic pipe to a copper pipe:
Steel pipe screwed into a nut.
End for screwing into a nut.
Rubber gasket.
A plastic pipe is glued into the insert in the nut.
Fittings for connecting plastic pipes to steel.
Plastic insert.
Screw.

Pipe connections made of various materials

How is a steel pipe connected to a copper pipe? For this, a fitting is used, at one end of which there is a thread for fixing to a steel pipe. There are no threads on the other end; it is completely smooth, since the copper pipe will be attached by soldering.

When installing a pipe into such a fitting, the threads should be wrapped with plastic sealing tape, after which the coupling is screwed onto the pipe. Such a sealing tape is necessary to prevent corrosion from starting in the area where two types of metal are joined.

Steel and plastic fitting

Another example is a fitting made of steel and plastic. It is also made of two parts. The first part looks like a nut with a threaded segment that screws into a steel pipe. The other part is plastic, with a gasket and nut also made of plastic.

Standard fitting consisting of steel and plastic parts

The nut is screwed onto another extension of the first part, which has an external thread. Next, a special solvent is used to attach the plastic insert to the plastic pipe.

Plastic and copper fitting

There is also a popular fitting made of plastic and copper, which also includes two components. The first component has two ends. One is made of copper and has a thread, but the other end is completely smooth - it is this that is attached to the copper pipe by soldering.

Plastic fitting with copper thread

The other component is a plastic nut with a spacer. The nut is screwed onto the copper thread, and its other end is glued to the plastic pipe.

Fittings for copper and plastic pipes

Soldering is used to connect copper pipes, but plastic pipes are connected with a specialized glue or solvent. As for cast iron risers, bushings are usually not used to connect pipes.

Standard method for joining fittings and cast iron pipes without the use of bushings

Cast iron pipe.
Casing made of stainless steel.
Clamp.
Neoprene rubber part.
T-piece made of cast iron.

Sleeves made of neoprene rubber are used to seal the joints of sewer pipes. In this case, the sleeve itself is fixed with a casing made of stainless steel.

The following figure shows options for some pipe connections without bushings.

Standard fittings for connecting cast iron pipes without the use of bushings

T-piece.
Curved segment.
Curved segment with flange, designed for toilet.
Y-shaped tee.

To attach the casing directly, conventional casings are used.

review of fittings for polypropylene pipes

Consider the use of special fittings for plastic polypropylene pipes. Types of fittings, their purpose and characteristics.

Materials from which pipes are made

Materials such as plastic, cast iron and copper are used to make sewer pipes. When constructing underground sewers located outside a building, glazed ceramic pipes are usually used.

However, it is not uncommon for only a specific type of pipe to be permitted in a certain area. You can find out this from local authorities.

The ideal sewer pipe is a cast iron pipe . It is perfect for creating collectors, sewer risers, sun beds and ventilation. Any cast iron pipes come in two types - internal and heavy. The length of a standard cast iron pipe is 1.5 meters.

Cast iron pipe for toilet

Copper pipes , which have a yellow label, can also be used for any type of sewer piping.

Separately, it is worth mentioning ceramic pipes coated with a special glaze. Such pipes are reliably protected from the influence of sewage waste, be it various alkalis or acids.

As a rule, ceramic pipes are used as the basis of the underground collector of a house, at a distance of up to 1.5 meters from the foundation. The pipes are laid up to the city sewer or settling tank.

It is not recommended to use ceramic pipes inside the house.

PVC and ABS pipes are actively used both inside and outside the house . The connection of copper and plastic pipes is carried out in the same way as water pipes. A detailed overview of each type of pipe will be presented in the following articles.

Source: https://evroterm32.com/kak-soedinit-mednuyu-trubku-so-shtutserom/

How to connect a copper tube together

Pipe products made of copper, as well as fittings for connecting copper pipes, allow you to create reliable and durable communications, distinguished by a number of unique properties. The advantages and quality characteristics that distinguish such pipelines largely explain their rather high cost.

Copper fittings and pipes for water supply

Communications made of copper pipes and fittings

High-quality copper pipes and fittings, the technical and operational characteristics of which comply with international standards ISO 9002, BS2 and DIN, are today produced by both foreign and domestic companies. Such pipes, as well as connecting elements for them, successfully withstand the high pressure of the media transported through them, high and low temperatures, and mechanical stress to which they may be subjected during operation, transportation and storage.

Unlike polymer pipes that are popular nowadays, copper pipe products do not deteriorate from exposure to sunlight; they are not afraid of corrosion, which is a real scourge for products made from ferrous metals. The service life of copper pipes and fittings cannot be compared with any similar product made from another material. It is noteworthy that copper products are practically eternal; the service life of communications from them is at least 100 years.

Heating and water supply system made of copper pipes in a private house

Pipe products, as well as fittings made of copper, are used for arranging utility networks for various purposes:

heating systems;
air conditioning;
cold and hot water supply;
gas communications.

Those consumers who decide to use copper pipe products and copper fittings primarily use them to build reliable and durable water supply networks.

Fittings made from copper are more compact in size and look much neater than products made from ferrous metals.

This is explained by the fact that when designing and manufacturing copper fittings, there is no need to make their walls thicker, taking into account their further corrosion, since they are simply not susceptible to it.

DIY installation of copper pipes in the heating system

There are several reasons explaining the high popularity of pipes and connecting elements for them made of copper:

copper, as is known, has antiseptic properties, therefore, pathogenic microorganisms do not develop in water pipes made from this metal, and the quality of the water transported through them even improves;
installation of pipelines for which pipes and fittings made of copper are used is much simpler than communications made of black pipes;
due to the high ductility of copper, pipes made of this metal, when water freezes in them, do not burst, but simply deform; in order to destroy a copper pipe, it is necessary to apply an internal pressure of 200 atm to it, and such pressures simply do not exist in household communications.

Elements for copper pipe connections

Copper fittings, which are used to connect copper pipes, are presented on the modern market in a wide variety of sizes and designs. The most well-known types of such connecting elements are:

threaded fittings for copper pipes;
self-locking connecting elements;
compression or crimp fittings;
so-called press fittings;
capillary type connecting fittings.

Of all the listed types of connecting elements, in our time, press fittings for copper pipes are the least used, which is explained by the following reasons: their installation requires the use of complex and expensive equipment: special presses. The design of press fittings was originally developed in order to connect plastic and metal-plastic pipes with their help, so their use for the installation of copper products is not always advisable.

Press fitting pliers

In order for a pipeline in the construction of which copper parts are used to serve as long as possible and be highly reliable, it is advisable to use elements made of homogeneous materials during its installation. Connecting copper pipes with fittings that are made from other raw materials should only be done in rare exceptions.

If it is not possible to avoid the use of fittings made of dissimilar materials when installing pipelines, then this process must be carried out by adhering to the following simple rules:

copper pipes in communications, for the creation of which elements from different materials are used, are always installed after products made of ferrous metals: in the direction of fluid movement;
copper parts of pipelines cannot be connected to fittings made of galvanized and non-alloy steel; failure to comply with this requirement will lead to the fact that electrochemical reactions will take place in such systems, which will significantly accelerate the process of corrosion of steel parts;
copper elements of pipe structures can be connected to parts made of acid-resistant steel, but if there is such a possibility, it is better to replace such parts with fittings made of polyvinyl chloride.

Threaded fittings

Copper fittings belonging to the category of threaded group connecting elements are recommended to be used if the utility pipe being created is planned to be periodically disassembled in order to carry out its maintenance. The presence of external and internal threads on its structural elements makes it possible to carry out such technological operations as disassembling and assembling a pipeline.

Fittings connected to copper pipes using threads are significantly inferior to capillary and compression products in terms of their reliability. For this reason, such connecting elements must be checked regularly and, if necessary, replaced with new ones. In addition, it is best to use such fittings in those places of the pipeline that are easily accessible.

Threaded Copper Pipe Connectors

There are several of the most common types of threaded fittings for connecting copper pipes, which include:

couplings are fittings with which you can connect pipes made of different materials, as well as create straight sections of pipelines formed from sections of the same or different diameters;
corners - these include fittings with which you can change the direction of movement of the pipeline by 45 or 90 degrees;
fittings - fittings that allow the transported medium to be diverted from the main pipeline; crosses, tees, which are also called manifolds, are fittings with which they create branches from the main pipeline, while maintaining its main direction;
fittings used to close the end of a copper pipeline; They can be used as special plugs or caps.

When installing a new copper pipeline, specialists most often use crimp-type connecting elements, and when repairing or upgrading such communications, they use threaded type fittings.

Connecting elements of compression and self-locking type

Fittings for connecting copper pipes, classified as compression or self-locking, are also called collet or crimp fittings. Such connecting elements are a good alternative to fittings that are connected to copper parts by soldering.

A collet-type fitting is an element whose design consists of o-rings and gaskets, as well as a crimp ring, which, when tightened, helps to achieve the tightness of the connection being created.

The material for the manufacture of compression or collet fittings can be not only copper, but also brass or metal-plastic.

Brass Collet Male Thread Fitting

Push-in crimp-type connecting elements are the best option for heating and water supply systems, for the installation of which copper pipes of different diameters or tubular products made of various materials are used. Recently, self-locking fittings, which have more preferable performance characteristics, have become increasingly popular.

Self-locking fittings can completely replace soldering in terms of the speed of connection and its reliability. The design of such fittings includes a whole set of rings, one of which is equipped with special teeth.

The principle of operation of such connecting elements is based on the fact that when a ring with teeth is acted upon using a special mounting wrench, it is fixed in the adjacent element, thereby creating a reliable and durable connection between sections of copper pipes.

Unlike soldering, dismantling a connection made with such a fitting is as easy as receiving it; the same mounting wrench is used for this.

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/kak-soedinit-mednuju-trubku-mezhdu-soboj

Copper pipe soldering technology

Entire plumbing or heating systems made of copper are rarely made today, but they are still done. If you calculate the number of years during which copper can last, it turns out that it is not only inexpensive, but very cheap. However, the material itself is not the cheapest, but you can save on installation - soldering copper pipes is not the most difficult task in the world. There are certain rules and features, knowing which you can achieve a quality connection.

Types of copper pipes and their uses

There are two types of copper pipes on the market: annealed and non-annealed. After formation, annealed ones undergo additional heat treatment - they are heated to 600-700°C. This procedure returns elasticity to the material, which is lost during molding. Therefore, annealed pipes are more expensive, but also more flexible - they can even withstand freezing of water. The disadvantages of these products include lower strength - it decreases due to heating.

There are different types of copper pipes

Unannealed copper pipes are stronger, but practically do not bend. When installing plumbing or heating, they are cut into pieces, and all bends are made using appropriate fittings.

There are copper pipes with different wall thicknesses, sold annealed in coils of 25 and 50 meters, unannealed in runs of 3 meters. If we talk about the purity of the material, then according to GOST 859-2001, at least 99% copper must be present in products.

Connection methods

Most often, copper pipes are connected using soldering and a set of special shaped elements - fittings. There are also fittings for crimping. They have grooves with a rubber O-ring installed. They are crimped with special pliers. But this technology is used infrequently - soldering is considered more reliable.

Fittings for crimping

There are two technologies for soldering copper pipes using different solders:

Low temperature - with soft solder. This is exactly our case. This type of connection is used when laying water pipes and heating systems with a working environment temperature of up to 110°C. Low temperature is a relative concept. In the soldering zone, materials are heated to 250-300°C.
High temperature brazing. This type of connection is used in networks with high pressure and temperature of the transported medium. In household networks - rarely (although no one prohibits), more often in industrial ones.

What type of copper pipe soldering you use is your choice. Both types are suitable for both plumbing and heating. But high-temperature solder requires a professional torch, while soft solder can be melted even with a blowtorch or an inexpensive hand torch with a small disposable gas cylinder. To connect small-diameter copper pipes, no more is required.

Types of Copper Solder Fittings

In general, there are more than two dozen different shaped elements for copper pipes - fittings, but three types are most often used:

couplings - for connecting two pipes;
corners - for turning;
tees - for creating branches in the pipeline.

Couplings for soldering copper pipes

The number of fittings used can be minimized - copper can be bent, which will reduce the number of angles needed. Also, if desired, you can do without couplings: one end of the pipes can be expanded (using an expander) so that the pipe goes into it and there is a gap for solder to get there (about 0.2 mm). When creating an expansion, the pipes must overlap by at least 5 mm, but more is better.

What’s hard to do without is tees. There is equipment for inserting a branch - a beading machine, but it is professional and costs a lot. So in this case it’s cheaper and easier to get by with tees.

There are fittings for soldering copper pipes with soldered solder

There are two types of fittings - conventional, with sockets, which provide the required clearance for solder to flow. Solder is supplied to the welding zone manually. There are fittings with built-in solder. Then a groove is formed on the socket, into which, during production, a piece of solder is installed, which makes the soldering process easier - you just need to heat the welding zone, but leads to an increase in the cost of fittings.

Consumables and tools

In addition to pipes and fittings, you will also need a torch, solder and flux for the soldering itself. And also a pipe bender and a few related little things to process before starting work.

Brush for cleaning fittings from the inside

Solder and flux

Soldering of copper pipes of any type occurs using flux and solder. Solder is an alloy usually based on tin with a certain melting point, but always lower than that of copper. It is fed into the soldering zone, heated to a liquid state and flows into the joint. After cooling, it provides a tight and durable connection.

For amateur soldering of copper pipes with your own hands, tin-based solders with the addition of silver, bismuth, antimony, and copper are suitable. Compositions with the addition of silver are considered the best, but they are the most expensive; the optimal ones are those with a copper additive. There are also ones with added lead, but they should not be used for plumbing. All these types of solder provide good seam quality and easy soldering.

Flux and solder - necessary consumables

Soft solder is sold in small spools, hard solder is sold in packs, cut into pieces.

Before soldering, the joint is treated with flux. Flux is a liquid or paste that allows molten solder to flow into a joint. There is nothing special to choose here: any flux for copper will do. Also, to apply the flux you will need a small brush. Better - with natural bristles.

To work with soft solder, you can buy a small hand torch with a disposable gas cylinder. These cylinders are attached to the handle and have a volume of 200 ml. Despite its miniature size, the flame temperature is 1100°C and higher, which is more than enough to melt soft solder.

What you should pay attention to is the presence of piezo ignition. This function is not superfluous - it will be easier to work with. There is a valve on the handle of the manual gas burner. It regulates the flame length (gas supply intensity). The same valve shuts off the gas if the burner needs to be extinguished. Safety is ensured by a non-return valve, which will shut off the gas supply if there is no flame.

Hand torch for soldering copper pipes

Some models have a flame deflector installed. It prevents the flame from dissipating, creating a higher temperature in the soldering area. Thanks to this, the burner with a reflector allows you to work in the most inconvenient places.

When working with household and semi-professional models, you must be careful not to overheat the unit so that the plastic does not melt. Therefore, it is not worth doing a lot of soldering at one time - it is better to let the equipment cool down and prepare the next connection at this time.

Related materials

To cut copper pipes, you need a pipe cutter or a hacksaw with a metal blade. The cut must be strictly vertical, which is ensured by a pipe cutter. And to ensure an even cut with a hacksaw, you can use a regular carpenter’s miter box.

When preparing pipes, they must be cleaned. There are special metal brushes and brushes for this (for cleaning the inner surface), but you can get by with sandpaper with medium and fine grain.

To remove burrs from cuts, there are chamfer removers. The pipe they used fits better into the fitting - its socket is only a fraction of a millimeter larger than the outer diameter. So the slightest deviations lead to difficulties. But, in principle, everything can be removed with sandpaper. It will just take more time.

It is also advisable to have safety glasses and gloves. Most home craftsmen neglect these safety measures, but burns are very unpleasant. These are all the materials and tools needed to solder copper pipes.

Step-by-step copper soldering technology

Soldering copper pipes begins with preparing the connection. The reliability of the connection depends on the quality of preparation, so devote enough time and effort to this process.

Soldering copper pipes consists of several stages

Preparing the connection

As has already been said, the cut of the pipe must be strictly vertical, without burrs, the pipe must not be wrinkled, the edge must be even and smooth. If there are even slight deviations, we take a bevel remover or sandpaper and bring the cut to perfection.

It is necessary to remove the oxidized layer

Next, take the fitting and insert the pipe into it. the part that goes into the socket requires cleaning. We take out the pipe and use sandpaper to remove the top oxidized layer from this part of the pipe. Then we carry out the same operation with the inner surface of the bell.

Flux application

Flux is applied to the entire cleaned surface - outside the pipe and inside the fitting. There are no difficulties here - the composition is evenly distributed with a brush.

The treated pipeline fragments are inserted into one another and fixed. If there is an assistant, he can hold the parts motionless. If not, you'll have to figure it out yourself. Next, the burner is ignited and the flame is directed to the connection point. The flame temperature is from a thousand degrees and above, and the joint must be heated to 250-300°C, and this takes 15-25 seconds. In this case, you can focus on the color of the flux - as soon as it darkens, it’s time to introduce solder.

Correct position of the torch when soldering copper pipes with your own hands

To ensure uniform heating, direct the burner flame in the middle of the joint. Then the entire welding zone heats up more evenly.

Soldering copper pipes with soft solder

Solder is injected into the joint - where the fitting and pipe connect. As it heats up, it begins to melt, spreads and fills the gap between the elements. You can only apply it to half the length - once it melts, it will flow into the rest of the joint. Actually, that's all - the soldering of the copper pipes is finished. All other connections are made the same way.

When using hard solder, everything is almost the same, only other burners are used - gas-flame ones, and during the soldering process you need to turn the pipe, winding the softened solder onto the pipe.

Source: https://otoplenie-doma54.ru/stroitelstvo/pajka-mednyh-trub-tehnologiya-oborudovanie-osobennosti.html

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