What can be made from stainless steel

Stainless steel products

Stainless steel products are becoming increasingly popular not only in construction, but also in everyday life. They attract the buyer with their aesthetic appearance and long service life. They are not able to oxidize, are practical to use, and environmentally friendly. The design of structures inside buildings, instruments in the medical industry, products in the chemical and food industries - everything is based on the use of stainless steel.

Stainless steel products

Properties of stainless steel

The physical and technical characteristics of structures made of stainless steel depend on the chromium content. A typical alloy uses up to twenty percent of the element. Due to the fact that the metal combines with oxygen molecules to form an inert protective film, all stainless steel products are famous for their resistance to corrosion.

In addition to the main element chromium, metals such as carbon, manganese, and silicon can be added to the alloy. And to improve its physical properties, factories add nickel, molybdenum, titanium and cobalt to products.

Steel AISI 201Properties of steel AISI 201

Stainless steel is divided into several types, due to the percentage of metals that are added to it.

• chromium;
• chromium-nickel;
• chrome with the addition of manganese and nickel;

According to its properties, metal is divided into grades:

• 200 series steel. This is the cheapest steel of all series. The AISI 201 brand is the only representative in this series. The alloy contains manganese and nitrogen instead of nickel. Mainly used only in the food industry, in the manufacture of pipes for railings.
• 300 series steel. This series contains four grades of metal. AISI 304, 316 are anti-corrosion and are capable of being in a highly aggressive environment for a long time. Molybdenum is added to the latter grade, which makes it suitable for the oil and textile industries.
• Grades AISI 316 T, 321 are distinguished by the addition of titanium. Moreover, in the last series there is an increased amount of it than in the previous one. This amount of durable metal in the alloy allows it to be used in the production of seamless pipes, gas turbine blades, pipeline fittings, and flanges.
• 400 series stainless steel. This stainless steel has a large amount of chromium in the alloy content. And the low carbon content gives it ductility and good weldability. It is used in the oil and gas industry, for finishing buildings with decorative elements made from this metal. The only brand is AISI 430.

Steel AISI 430

Popular stainless steel products

Due to the fact that objects made of this steel can easily be forged, cut and otherwise given various shapes.

Mirror stainless steelStainless steel decorative elements

This alloy is used to produce:

• stairs;
• handrails;
• columns, pillars and racks;
• bridges for moving from one platform to another;

The production of stainless steel products also includes the production of:

• sewer pipes;
• pipelines for water supply, heat supply;
• for shipbuilding;
• in medicine for the manufacture of scalpels, tweezers and other medical equipment;
• stainless steel products, which are made from alloys resistant to mechanical damage, decorate buildings, basement entrances, porches;
• it is used in the automotive industry and heavy industry;

Stainless steel pipes are in particular demand. They are quality material. The advantages of stainless steel pipes include strength and reliability. They are not subject to erosion. They can be assembled for both welding and fittings.

Stainless steel cookware Stainless steel grill

Such pipes are polished both outside and inside, which prevents the appearance and proliferation of bacteria.

The only drawback of such pipes is the inability to cut threads yourself.

Manufacturing technologies

The production of stainless steel metal products is well established in special steel mills. Products are manufactured by only top-class specialists. Working with this capricious metal requires special training and a high level of skill.

The correct proportions for the structures are set by a special computer program. On the computers used by professional engineers in factories, you can see the finished product side-by-side, in 3D, at the very beginning of the journey, when the order is just being processed by the company’s brain.

Manufacturing of stainless steel structures

Engineering professionals must have creative thinking. Otherwise, the design may turn out to be unattractive and may be rejected by the customer.

Next comes the production process, which is the most complex and time-consuming. The process technology is as follows:

• production of stainless steel itself;
• steel is poured into special molds, where it undergoes a rolling procedure. At this stage, the metal receives special qualities and properties. Without passing this stage, the steel will be considered unprocessed and it will become difficult to work with it;
• then comes stamping and laying out the metal into specially prepared ingots. This type of work is performed not only by qualified workers, but also by specialized machines;
• then it is sanded, painted and delivered ready-made to the customer;

The structures made from these alloys are famous for their lifelong service life. Stainless steel has the following advantages over other steel:

• highest resistance to corrosion. To do this, more than seventeen percent chromium is added to the alloy. This ensures the use of structures made from it in any aggressive environment;
• the original appearance and technical properties of the product are preserved even after thirty years of use;
• bacteria never accumulate on such structures;
• heat resistance. Products made from this alloy can be used at high temperatures. They are not deformed;
• Stainless steel structures are famous for their durability.

The disadvantages of stainless steel products include their high price and almost impossible to machine.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/tehnologii/izdeliya-iz-nerzhaveyki.html

What can you make from stainless steel with your own hands?

There is a huge selection of smokehouses. Many people make smoking installations from wood or brick, and equip old refrigerators, metal barrels and buckets in smokehouses. The most common option is a stainless steel smokehouse. You can make it yourself or purchase it at a specialized store.

A stainless steel smokehouse can be used in a summer cottage, on a picnic or even at home

Advantages

Stainless steel smokehouses have a number of advantages, thanks to which they are favorite smoking devices among summer residents and owners of their own plots. The advantages of such devices:

• strength;
• durability;
• low susceptibility to soot formation;
• the ability to prepare products using hot and cold smoking methods;
• mobility;
• design safety;
• high resistance to rust;
• ease of maintenance and operation, etc.

We also advise you to study the drawings of a mini smokehouse in addition to this article.

Important! Stainless steel is highly machinable, which is why homemade smokehouses are often made from it. In this case, we are not talking about magnetic stainless steel, but about food grade.

A steel smokehouse is easy to transport and assemble, which is why it is often purchased by lovers of homemade outdoor smoked meats

Readers found these materials useful:

• How to make a smokehouse from a bucket or pan with your own hands
• Do-it-yourself smokehouse from a gas cylinder: design, assembly and operation

Factory smokehouses made of stainless steel are usually produced in the form of a small horizontal box.

Fasteners are welded to the inner walls of the container for installing grates on which meat and fish preparations are laid out. There are models with several rows of stands for food; such devices are called two- and three-tier smokehouses. A lid with a hole to allow smoke to escape is put on the box.

There are designs in which the chimney is already welded to the top cover. We have already written about how to make a smokehouse with a hydraulic lock earlier and recommended bookmarking the article.

: review of a stainless steel smokehouse with a water seal

Important! If you plan to use a stainless steel smokehouse indoors, then in order to avoid excessive smoke, attach a hose to the pipe and lead it out into the ventilation/window, etc. The hose must be made of heat-resistant material - plastic, metal.

Standard models of factory-made steel smokehouses have a fat collection tray, a stand or shelf, and sliding/removable legs. Thanks to its collapsible design, the metal box can be used on a stove, on a barbecue, on an open fire, etc. Explore also: creating a smokehouse from a saucepan on our website.

In specialized stores, customers are presented with a wide range of stainless steel smokehouses. However, such a device can be made with your own hands at home.

Stainless steel smokehouse with water seal

A smoking device with a water seal deserves special attention. This installation is a metal box with a U-shaped groove in the upper part of the container. It is located around the entire perimeter of the box. Pour a small amount of water into it and close the lid.

A “water seal” is needed to ensure that air from the street does not get inside the smokehouse, since it is the flow of fresh oxygen that can cause the fire of wood chips or sawdust. The water seal ensures that smoke from the smokehouse only goes into the chimney.

In other words, it is responsible for the tightness of the smoking device.

Stainless steel smokehouses with a water seal are an improved version of the standard smoking device. The gutter around the perimeter of the smokehouse is filled with water and prevents smoke from passing into the unit.

A stainless steel smokehouse with a water seal has a number of advantages over the standard design. As a rule, it is stronger and more durable. This installation is less subject to deformation.

Diagram of a smokehouse with a water seal. Water will prevent smell and smoke from leaking into the room

The disadvantages of stainless steel smokehouses include their high cost and considerable weight. Below is a comparison table of smokehouses by parameters, weight and price.

Smokehouse parameters with a water seal, cm	Steel thickness, mm	Weight, kg	Approximate cost, rub.
40*20*20	1,5	7	4400
40*25*20	1,5	8	4700
40*25*25	1,5	9	5000
40*30*20	1,5	9	5000
50*25*20	1,5	11	5400
45*25*25	1,5	9	5400
50*30*25	2	15	6700
50*30*30	2	16	6800
60*30*30	2	23	7700
60*40*30	2	25	8700

Note! When choosing a stainless steel smokehouse in a store, you should pay attention to the brand and manufacturer. The Russian market offers a huge selection of smoking devices from local factories. The most popular smokehouses are “Universal”, “Dlya Dacha”, “Volga”, “Onega”, “Khatanga”, “Pechora”, “Prestige”, “Universal”, etc.

Stainless steel smokehouses do not have to be in the shape of a rectangular box - a cylindrical smokehouse is no less popular.

This material will be perfectly complemented by the following publications:

• Smokehouse with hydraulic lock (hydraulic seal)
• How to make a wooden smokehouse with your own hands

To make a box-shaped smoking installation yourself, you will need the following tools and materials:

• sheet of stainless food steel 2 mm thick;
• sheet of metal 1 cm thick for the lid;
• metal saw;
• jigsaw;
• Bulgarian;
• grinding wheel;
• square and rectangular pipes 1.5 cm thick;
• metal legs;
• fire resistant paint.

Assembling a stainless steel smokehouse is a sequential process, so for convenience it is recommended to sketch the future structure on paper with marks and dimensions.

Stages of work:

• Before you start building a smokehouse, you should make a sketch of the future device with the dimensions of all the pieces.
• According to the diagram, all the parts are cut out of a sheet of metal using a jigsaw.

Experts advise preparing two sheets of metal of different thicknesses; the thicker one is suitable for the body of the smokehouse, the thinner one for the lid.

• A hole is made in the workpiece (front part) for a hopper with sawdust.
• All edges and irregularities are cut off with a grinder wheel.
• The cut parts are welded together in the form of a box. The sides are attached to the back, then the bottom.

A stainless steel smokehouse can be made of any size. However, it is better to use ready-made diagrams, since the smoking process is affected not only by the selected temperature, the quality of sawdust and the amount of raw materials, but also by the size of the device. Existing schemes on the Internet are proposed taking into account all the features of this technological process.

• To make the structure reliable, stiffeners made of a square pipe are welded to the back side. They are placed on top and in the middle of the workpiece.
• Two more pipes are welded to the lower part to move the box with wood chips.

The sawdust box should fit snugly into the box body. For convenience, it is “placed” on a sled, which is made from a square pipe.

• Next, the front wall is welded, a place for the “sled” is cut out on it, and stiffeners are attached.

In a homemade smokehouse, you can use either a ready-made grate or one made from a metal rod.

• In accordance with the size of the resulting hole, a rectangular hopper is made for storing sawdust and wood chips.
• To improve traction, small holes are made in the lower part of the smokehouse.
• To make the smokehouse stable, steel legs are welded to it. The optimal height is 30 cm.
• A lid for the smokehouse is cut out of thinner metal.

A stainless steel smokehouse can be coated with fire-resistant compounds. But this is not at all necessary, it all depends on the desire and imagination of the master.

• Next, the limiters and handle are welded.
• An additional shelf is attached to the legs.
• The resulting smokehouse is painted with fire-resistant paint on the outside.

We previously wrote about the construction of a two-tier smokehouse and recommended bookmarking the article.

Rectangular stainless steel smokehouses can be a worthy replacement for stationary cold or hot smoked smokehouses. With proper care, they will serve their owner for many years.

You can make a homemade stainless steel smokehouse with your own hands in a few hours. However, experienced craftsmen who have skills in working with a welding machine and an angle grinder can cope with this task. A self-made smoking device will cost the owner much less than a factory installation.

Source: https://steelfactoryrus.com/chto-mozhno-sdelat-iz-nerzhaveyki-svoimi-rukami/

What you can make from stainless steel with your own hands - Metalworker's Guide

The fastest and most reliable way to fasten metal parts is electric welding. Anyone can learn how to use it. Having bought a welding machine or an inverter, and also spent half a pack of electrodes to gain practical skills, you can safely try to create metal crafts with your own hands. Installation of structures, repairs at the dacha, production of garden accessories and much more from now on becomes available.

The first metal crafts

Many people now have welding. Often the device is purchased for construction or repair purposes. Not even necessarily for yourself. If there is a need for it, you can call a self-taught neighbor or a familiar specialist welder. After completion of the work, the unit simply stands idle.

But sooner or later the moment comes when you should make up your mind and try to cook something yourself. There's nothing wrong with that, if you have the desire. The main thing at this stage is not to get burned and not to catch “bunnies”, and experience comes with practice. If you have a summer cottage or a country house, welding will always be used. With its help, you can solve problems of territory development much faster.

Not everything can always be bought in a store. Welding a gate, building a base for a bench or table, “grabbing” a hook to a metal post for attaching a rope or an additional support for weaving grapes - this seems like a small thing, but it seems inconvenient to call a welder over and over again for this reason. This means you need to master the basics and solve everyday problems yourself.

Of course, it’s not worth taking on serious work with critical connections right away. You can practice on a piece of scrap metal. At the first stage, you should learn how to light an arc and hold it, maintaining a constant working gap between the workpiece and the electrode as it burns.

After this, you need to work out the technique of forming a weld, fusing a layer of metal onto a flat surface. Then you can proceed to adjusting the current for different thicknesses of the workpieces being welded. Welding is a technique for joining two metal parts, based on melting their surfaces at the junction. They are joined into one by adding a layer of electrode binder material.

The current is selected in such a way as to ensure melting of only the surface layer without the formation of holes. It is better to master the technique on electrodes with a diameter of 2.5-3 mm. They must not be old and must be dry, otherwise the first experience will most likely be ineffective, which may discourage you from learning how to create metal crafts.

Welding makes it possible to correct minor and sometimes serious flaws or installation errors. It is enough to cut off the seam of the “tack”, and the parts are separated. After cleaning the area of ​​unsuccessful welding, the process can be repeated.

Material

Any owner of a country house or owner of a summer cottage will probably have metal waste on their farm. These may be the remains of pipes after the installation of a gas pipeline, water supply or heating systems. A real owner usually does not throw away the remains of a steel angle, channel, or pieces of reinforcement. You can also find used nails, bolts and nuts.

Such scrap metal very often becomes a material for new repairs or improvements to old ones. There will probably be outdated garden tools, chains, old dishes, as well as spare parts from a car, motorcycle or bicycle in the garage or shed that have not yet been handed over to collection points.

From all this you can make useful and practical metal crafts. With your own hands, using welding and available handy tools, you can repair old garden tools or make new ones from waste, taking into account personal experience, your preferences and business conditions.

Metal crafts for the garden

You can make your backyard cozy without purchasing new equipment. From used, but still strong metal, you can build a base for a country table or bench. Finding the right sheet of particleboard for the table top and boards for the bench won't be a problem. Racks can be made even from substandard inch pipes.

If you have a supply of material, you can swing on a swing. It is better to make the structure permanent, with the base concreted. You need two sidewalls made of pipes welded at an angle, with jumpers for rigidity. The more massive the swing seat is, the larger this angle should be. The jumpers can be welded at ground level or even below so that they are not visible.

It is better to make suspensions from chains, but you can also use a reliable rope. The beam for fastening must be massive. A thick-walled pipe, a piece of rail or channel will do. It is best to fasten frame parts and suspension brackets by welding.

Sheet Metal Crafts

At any dacha, with rare exceptions, there is a barbecue or other similar device. A couple of logs for sitting, an old stump as a table and charred bricks for limiting the fireplace and laying skewers - for some, this may be relaxation, but it is better and more convenient to use a more advanced design.

The grill can be disassembled. You can bring it with you to your dacha, or it can also have a permanent home with the possibility of transporting it to a storage location. A barbecue made from an old steel barrel is quite suitable for this solution. You can make it yourself and get by with just a grinder and a drill. However, it will be better and easier if you use a welding machine.

An empty and washed barrel is cut lengthwise along the vertical center line into two halves. Legs made of rods, fittings or pipe sections are welded to one part. The top part serves as a hinged cover and can be mounted for convenience on welded old door curtains.

Crafts made from thin sheet metal can be secured by welding only after gaining some experience. In order to reliably weld parts and not burn a hole with the electrode, you should accurately select the welding current and work with short tacks with constant monitoring of the quality of the seam.

Metal sculpture

The garden around a country house is not only an area where trees and shrubs are grown for collecting fruits and berries. This is also a place to relax! A garden sculpture will be an excellent addition to well-groomed plantings.

It may not necessarily be made of concrete or plaster. For a person with creative potential, there are no limits to its expression. If at the moment you only have at hand a welding machine, half a pack of electrodes, scrap ferrous metal and the desire to create, then from all this you can build an original and unique composition. Moreover, the complexity of execution may vary.

It depends on the available material and the idea. Such metal crafts for the garden in one case can consist of a dozen different, at first glance, incompatible parts of different origins and purposes. In another case, it can consist of hundreds of repeating elements of the same type, connected by welding into a three-dimensional model.

Where do you get ideas?

This question cannot be answered unequivocally. Someone, seeing random details in one place, imagines how they will fit together if they are combined into a common composition. Another purposefully goes to a scrap metal collection point and wanders around mountains of this trash in search of a suitable part for the chosen sculpture.

You can get ideas or simply take someone’s already realized idea as a basis from specialized book publications that are dedicated to metal crafts. There is nothing wrong with creating something you like from scrap materials available around the house.

In any case, DIY metal crafts created according to an existing drawing or sketch will be original. Welding is not copying, but a kind of creativity. Any weld that is made with a decorative intent and repeats a pattern or composition is perceived as a kind of masterpiece.

Safety precautions

To ensure that DIY metal crafts do not serve as a constant reminder of a bad welding experience involving a burn or injury, care should be taken. Working without a mask or shield is strictly prohibited, otherwise you may be exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

A protective suit will protect clothing and body skin from flying sparks and splashes of molten metal, and thick mittens or gloves made of dense material will protect your hands. It is not recommended to knock scale off a seam without protective glasses; sharp fragments flying in all directions can get into your eyes.

When working near wood or fire-prone surfaces, have a bucket of water and a wet cloth on hand. Random sparks or electrode residue that bounce off and land on such materials can cause smoldering and subsequent fire. When working indoors, you need to pay attention to proper ventilation.

Source: https://ssk2121.com/chto-mozhno-sdelat-iz-nerzhaveyki-svoimi-rukami/

Welding stainless steel at home: options, tips, videos

When performing a technological operation such as welding stainless steel, it is important to take into account both the physical properties of the material and its chemical composition. Only in this case can you count on the connection being made efficiently and reliably.

Argon welding of stainless steel

Difficulty factors for welding stainless steel parts

Welding stainless steel is complicated by the fact that this material belongs to the category of high-alloy alloys, which means that its composition contains elements in fairly large quantities that affect its basic properties.

In stainless steel, in particular, this element is chromium. Its content in this alloy can be 12–30%.

Chromium, along with elements such as nickel, titanium, manganese and molybdenum, forms the anti-corrosion properties of stainless steel, but at the same time gives it other features that affect weldability.

For those who do not like to read long articles and delve into technical details, we suggest you immediately watch two videos with the most relevant options for welding stainless steel for a home craftsman - with an electrode using an inverter and again with an inverter, but in a shielding gas (argon). Welding of stainless steel must be carried out taking into account the following specific characteristics of this material. Sufficiently high coefficient of linear expansion

For this reason, welding stainless steel is always accompanied by significant deformation of the parts being joined. In some cases, when the parts being welded are of significant thickness and there is no gap between them, such deformations can even lead to the appearance of large cracks.

Low thermal conductivity

The thermal conductivity of stainless steel is 1.5–2 times lower than that of low-carbon alloys. This feature of the material leads to the fact that the parts being connected in the welding zone are melted even at lower (15–20%) current strengths than when welding products made of low-carbon steel.

Intergranular corrosion

With strong heating (more than 500 degrees Celsius), so-called intergranular corrosion occurs in stainless steels. This happens because layers consisting of chromium and iron carbide begin to form at the edges of the grains of the metal structure.

This phenomenon can be avoided not only by careful selection of the welding mode, but also by forced cooling of the stainless steel parts being welded, for which you can use ordinary water.

However, it should be borne in mind that only parts made of chromium-nickel steels that have an austenitic internal structure can be cooled with water.

Overheating of electrodes with chromium-nickel rods

Due to the low thermal conductivity of the materials being joined and their increased electrical resistance, welding of stainless steel parts is accompanied by strong heating of the electrodes, the rods of which have a chromium-nickel composition. To avoid this undesirable phenomenon, use electrodes for welding stainless steel up to 35 cm long.

Welding electrodes Sabaros ME 101 3.2 mm for welding stainless steels

The most common methods of welding stainless steel

Welding of stainless steel products characterized by a high chromium content can be performed using several technologies. This includes, in particular, the following types of welding:

• argon arc (using a tungsten electrode and AC/DC TIG modes);
• performed in MMA mode with coated electrodes;
• semi-automatic arc welding in an argon environment, carried out in MIG mode and using stainless steel wire;
• so-called cold welding for stainless steel, performed under high pressure (the name of this technology is due to the fact that it does not involve melting the metal during the process of joining it);
• seam technology and resistance spot welding.

The technology for welding stainless steel parts involves thoroughly degreasing their surfaces using acetone or aviation gasoline. This is done in order to reduce the porosity of the seam being performed, to make the welding arc more stable, and to thoroughly clean the edges of the parts being joined.

Only after thorough cleaning can you begin to perform the operation using the chosen method. There are several basic methods for welding stainless steel parts, as well as technologies that are used quite rarely.

In any case, the decision on how to weld stainless steel should be based on the specific conditions and requirements for the joint being formed.

Welding with coated electrodes (MMA)

Welding stainless steel parts using MMA technology, which involves the use of coated electrodes, is the most common technology. This method is quite simple, it can be used at home, but it does not allow you to obtain the highest quality seam.

Conveniently, this kind of stainless steel welding can be done even at home, but for this you will need a special welding machine called an inverter. In order for welding stainless steel with an inverter to produce a highly reliable connection, it is necessary to select the correct electrode for a specific grade of stainless steel. All electrodes used to weld stainless steel products are divided into two main types:

• with a rutile coating based on titanium dioxide (welding with such electrodes, which provide small metal spatter and a stable arc, is performed with direct current and reverse polarity);
• with a coating based on magnesium and calcium carbonate (with such electrodes, stainless steel is welded using direct current of reverse polarity).

To understand which electrodes to use to weld stainless steel, just look at GOST 10052-75, which presents all types of such consumables, and also stipulates which one should be used for working with metal of a specific chemical composition. In order to select stainless steel electrodes that meet the requirements of this GOST, it is enough to know the grade of the metal from which the parts need to be connected.

All requirements for electrodes for welding stainless steel can be found by downloading GOST 10052-75 for free in pdf format from the link below.

Manual and semi-automatic welding of stainless steel in argon (AC/DC TIG, MIG)

To perform manual welding of stainless steel in an argon environment, tungsten electrodes are used. This technology, even at home, allows you to obtain high-quality and reliable connections for products that are not very thick. Welding with such electrodes on stainless steel is used mainly for installing communications from pipes through which gases or various liquids will be transported under pressure.

Austenitic stainless steel should be welded with particular care and caution

This technology has certain features.

• To ensure that tungsten, from which stainless steel electrodes are made, does not get into the molten metal in the welding zone, the arc is ignited in a non-contact manner. If it is not possible to do this directly on the part, then the arc is lit on a special coal plate and carefully moved to the workpieces to be joined.
• Welding stainless steel using this method can be performed with both direct and alternating current.
• The modes are selected depending on the thickness of the parts being connected. Such modes, in particular, include the parameters of the cross-section of the tungsten electrode, the diameter of the wire used as an additive, current parameters (strength and polarity), shielding gas consumption, and welding speed.
• It is very important that the alloy level of the filler wire is higher than that of the parts being joined.
• During the welding process, stainless steel electrodes should not make oscillatory movements. If this requirement is neglected, this may lead to disruption of the welding zone and oxidation of the metal in its area.

By using this technology, the consumption of tungsten electrode can be reduced. To do this, you need to keep the argon supply open for some time (10–15 seconds) after the welding process is completed. This procedure helps protect the hot tungsten electrode from active oxidation.

Semi-automatic welding of stainless steel in an argon environment, in fact, has few differences from the conventional manual method. Its main difference is that the wire is fed into the welding zone using special equipment. Thanks to mechanization, the process proceeds much more accurately and at greater speed.

Thanks to the use of semi-automatic equipment, the following welding techniques for stainless steel parts can be implemented:

1. jet transfer method, which allows you to effectively weld parts of large thickness;
2. short arc welding - for connecting parts of small thickness;
3. Pulse welding is a universal technology that allows you to obtain high-quality and reliable connections and is the most profitable option financially.

Tig welding of stainless steel

Other stainless steel welding technologies

There are several other methods of welding stainless steel that demonstrate themselves better in certain situations, that is, they are not universal. This includes the following methods, which involve the use of special equipment.

Source: http://met-all.org/stal/svarka-nerzhaveyushhej-stali-sovremennye-tehnologii.html

What you can make from stainless steel with your own hands - Metals, equipment, instructions

You can decorate the interior of a house or country house not only with store-bought trinkets, but also with metal products made by yourself. Moreover, this is accessible to everyone, since it requires a minimum set of tools and knowledge. At the same time, such things can decorate any interior.

a manufacturing technology for themselves , focusing on their experience and knowledge. Although in each case the selected technique will require certain costs necessary for the acquisition or manufacture of special equipment.

Everyone has the power to create a lot of different metal products and decorate a garden with their help. These can be crafts and pieces of furniture, as well as various decorative bridges and forging elements.

Technology of making things from metal

Hand-made metal products can make any structure more attractive, including benches, cornices, pieces of furniture and other things. Moreover, the owner can choose the style at will, paying attention to the fact that the created item looks harmonious in a particular room.

In stores, metal products are offered at fairly high prices due to the fact that they are made by hand. However, if you wish, you can master the science of creating these items yourself, thanks to which you can save considerable amounts on this . The only costs that may arise here will be associated with the purchase of materials.

To create metal patterns and details, you can choose any technique you like. Quite common among them are forging, stamping, cutting, bending, embossing and filigree. Once a diagram or drawing of the product has been received, and the necessary materials have been prepared, the person will be ready to implement the plan to create an unusual and beautiful product.

Metal is the material on the basis of which you can create a whole composition of various crafts for the garden.

quite original things at home

• Casting. The essence of this technique is to fill a special shape with a liquid alloy.
• Forging. This method is based on influencing the workpiece using a hammer, temperature, press and other deformation methods.
• Bending. This technique is in many ways similar to forging; it is based on riveting and welding of product elements.
• Difovka. This method is characterized by the use of a hammer, with the help of which thin sheets of iron are given the necessary shapes.
• Stamping and cutting. Using this technique, you can effortlessly change the shape of the workpiece and also create holes.
• Filigree. This method involves using cast or smooth wire as a raw material, from which a product is created by soldering bent pattern elements.
• Coinage. This processing method is easy to implement, and its essence lies in placing a special tool on the workpiece, which is impacted with a hammer, thereby changing the shape of the product.

There are several ways to make a drawing for a metal product . It can be developed manually or using special computer programs. Thanks to the drawing, you can find out in advance how much material is needed to create things.

First of all, those who plan to make large objects, for example, gates, grilles, cannot do without it. Having a ready-made sketch in hand, it will be easier for the master to understand even before starting work how harmonious this product will look in the place chosen for its placement.

Simple things made of metal

If you do not have experience in making such things with your own hands, then you are recommended to start by creating the simplest metal objects. This can be a metal box, which can act not only as a decorative element, but also perform practical functions.

Required Tools

An ordinary tin can is suitable as a base for it . To make such a box, you will need to prepare a number of tools:

• Sandpaper;
• Scissors;
• Ruler;
• Pen and pencil;
• A solid base that will be used as a working surface;
• The paper that will serve as the basis for drawing up the drawing.

The process of making a box with your own hands begins by cleaning the surface of the can from paint, for which they use sandpaper . It is advisable to perform the operation while the jar is still full. Otherwise, you will have to carry out such preparation as carefully as possible, because if the metal is deformed, then you are unlikely to be able to make a beautiful box.

After this, they begin to cut the can: this must be done in such a way that a rectangular-shaped blank is obtained. Before this, you need to cut off the bottom, after which the top part is cut lengthwise. During this operation, unevenness will certainly appear along the edges, which it is advisable to sharpen immediately.

Next, it must be placed on a hard surface, where the images contained in the drawing are already applied using a pencil. After this, they proceed directly to creating the pattern. You will have no restrictions in choosing decoration for the box, but it is still advisable to use symmetrical parts.

To create a pattern you will need a ballpoint pen , with which you can easily press aluminum. You can achieve the effect of a pronounced texture if you draw along the contour lines of the pattern more than once. After completing the steps listed above, you will only need to assemble the box.

If you have welding equipment and the skills to handle it, you can make a very beautiful metal owl with your own hands. In addition, you will have to prepare the following tools:

• Paper;
• Pencil;
• Cardboard;
• Scissors;
• Thin metal;
• Bulgarian;
• Hammer;
• Chisel;
• Welding equipment;
• Washers and bolts;
• Steel rods or wire.

At the first stage, you need to draw a sketch of an owl on paper , after which it is transferred to cardboard. This will make it easier for you to cut out individual elements. To create an owl, we will have to make eyes, a body that includes feathers, wings and a tail. To make it easier for you to cut out metal parts, you can use a grinder.

When creating the owl's eyes, make sure they have large holes to accommodate the bolts. You will have to create notches on all scales, thanks to which the feathering effect will be ensured. To do this you will have to use a chisel.

The legs can be made by connecting parts of the rod to each other using welding. To create the beak, use a piece of bent metal. During assembly of the product, the beak and paws must be welded at the very end.

When all the elements are in place, the owl can be further decorated by treating it with a special varnish.

How to make frosty patterns?

Making frosty patterns is not a very time-consuming procedure, but at the same time it can provide a rather impressive appearance to the product, giving it a resemblance to ancient craftsmen's products.

This is largely due to the manifestation of the structure of tin , which looks like crystals.

To make frosty patterns, it is recommended to use tin cans, since a layer of tin is already applied to their surface.

You can also make a frosty metal pattern with your own hands if you place tin on the surface of a steel plate in advance, and then heat it or melt .

A burner is suitable for this purpose: thanks to a stable flame, you can easily heat the required area of ​​tin. As the tin heats up, you can notice how a shine appears on it, which disappears after a few seconds.

Try to process the metal sheet in such a way that its areas are heated unevenly, otherwise you will end up with a monotonous pattern.

When the desired pattern is obtained, you need to sharply lower the temperature of the metal sheet. To do this, dip it in cold water or splash it. To ensure that the created pattern is visible on the sheet as clearly as possible, the surface can be additionally treated with hydrochloric acid. For safety, you need to prepare a tool - a stick to which a cotton swab is tied .

Sometimes after warming up it is not possible to achieve the required clearance. In this case, you can remove it once with sandpaper. It is not recommended to repeat this technique, as otherwise it will lead to complete removal of the tin layer.

For decoration purposes, you can also use wax paint, which is used to treat certain areas of the metal sheet, after which they are heated. The durability of the pattern created on the can can be ensured by treating it with a special varnish. It’s even better if you apply a colored clear varnish to it, which will make your item look even more original.

How is cold forging done?

The cold forging method can also be used to create metal products at home. Using this technique, you can make things with your own hands that have an unusual shape; this is done using a press. If the metal is thin, there is no need to heat it; this will help avoid many difficulties.

Cold Forging Tools

Although this manufacturing method is more simple in contrast to the technique of creating metal products by hot forging, certain tools are also required here:

• A bend, with the help of which the workpiece will be bent to give the desired shape;
• Snail, which is also used to deform sheet metal;
• A special flashlight used for weaving;
• Wave, which allows you to make wavy patterns;
• A twister allows you to twist the rods together, thereby creating spiral-shaped elements.

Manufacturing stages

Even before making a metal product using the forging method, it would not hurt to draw a sketch or diagram of the product .

Then, using the available tools, they begin to manufacture the component elements of the product, and subsequently they are connected to each other by welding.

The last stage in the manufacture of metal products using the cold forging method is the removal of seams, grinding and application of special varnishes.

The most common options for cold forging were discussed above, but it can also be done in a slightly different way - in the form of chasing. To use this method, there is no need to purchase special complex tools .

This technique is based on working with a workpiece, onto which a pre-designed pattern is applied by extruding metal. After a sketch of a pattern or image has been prepared, it must be cut out.

Then you need to make sure there is room for bending the material.

After this, the board is covered with a layer of resin, onto which the finished workpiece is laid out. From this moment the process of its design begins by transferring the pattern onto it.

Conclusion

You can decorate your home not only with the help of modern accessories and beautiful little things that are offered in stores.

If you wish, you can make metal things yourself that will look just as good.

Naturally, in the absence of skills in making such products, it is possible that the first box or other thing that will be made with your own hands will not be as beautiful as you would like.

However, as you hone your skills, you will be able to cope better with this task, and later it will not be difficult for you to create more complex things . This will allow you to turn your hobby into a fairly profitable activity. After all, things that were made with your own hands are very valuable.

• Fedor Ilyich Artyomov

Source: https://spb-metalloobrabotka.com/chto-mozhno-sdelat-iz-nerzhaveyki-svoimi-rukami/

Stainless steel products: production, safety, advantages

In January 1915, a publication appeared in the New York Times about a new type of steel. The manufacturer claimed that it does not darken, does not rust, and is perfect for making dishes and cutlery. This is how stainless steel and products made from it appeared in the world.

The culprit for the properties of steel is ordinary chromium. In sufficient quantities, it ensures the presence of a special film on the surface of the alloy. The film even knows how to self-heal when minor scratches appear and protects food and our taste buds from contact with metal.

The production of stainless steel products begins with the casting of cast iron

At a metallurgical plant, they first make ordinary steel, which contains carbon. It gives iron strength. Next, miraculous metamorphoses occur with the material - it is sent to special furnaces and additives are added that determine the properties of stainless steel. In addition to chromium, it contains nickel, titanium, molybdenum and other metals. The amount and type of additives will depend on the grade of steel being manufactured.

Stainless steel is divided into several types:

• Chrome. Contains carbon and chromium in varying percentages.
• Chrome-nickel. Consists of chromium and nickel with additions of copper, molybdenum, silicon.
• Chromium-manganese-nickel. In addition to chromium and nickel, manganese is added.

After smelting, the steel goes into molds. There it is rolled out and rolled into rolls, cut into sheets. Or stainless steel products and containers are cast from blanks.

Watch a video about how recyclable materials are processed to create stainless steel.

What is stainless steel made of?

Currently, it is difficult to imagine any production without this material. The scope of application of stainless steel products is so wide. So where is it used?

• Mechanical engineering and automotive industry.
• Chemical industry. Stainless steel is resistant to acids, which is why containers in factories are made from it.
• Aviation.
• Food industry.

• Interior and design.
• Medicine is a special type of steel (surgical steel).
• Electric power industry.
• Production of stainless steel cookware.

Is this type of cookware safe?

Stainless steel, manufactured without violating technology, is considered the most acceptable. The film on the surface repels bacteria, preventing them from accumulating. The dishes are easy to clean. Stainless steel has the characteristic feature of not interacting with acids, which are abundant in food products. Therefore, dishes made from it are safe. You can both cook and store food, sauces and marinades in it.

There are options to use enamel or aluminum cookware. But we all have known for a long time that you cannot cook foods containing acids in an aluminum pan. Otherwise, iron oxidizes, releasing harmful substances. Enamel is safer, but it also has its disadvantages.

Please note that when purchasing stainless steel kitchen utensils, you should focus on the price. It is better not to buy products that are too cheap. Let's see why? The fact is that cookware made of high-quality steel is expensive, and manufacturers are trying to cheat so that people with wallets of any thickness can buy the product.

True, the cheaper the stainless steel pan, the lighter and more unreliable it will be. Manufacturers make the walls and bottom thinner, and equip such products with handles made of cheap plastic. There are also specific scams when the type of steel does not correspond to what is stated on the label. Then you can give up on the safety of the dishes.

How to choose the right stainless steel pan?

There are several characteristics that you need to pay attention to. If you choose correctly, you can find dishes with the optimal price-quality ratio.

The most expensive are pans with minimal nickel content or its complete absence. There is a theory that compounds of this metal are harmful and can cause allergies. Such dishes will have a mark indicating that there is no nickel in the composition. Please note that there are no serious studies on this topic. This means that there is a possibility that this is just another marketing ploy by the manufacturers.

What you really need to pay attention to is the thickness of the walls and bottom. The thicker they are, the more evenly the food is heated. The volumetric bottom will allow you to reduce the amount of oil during cooking, and the food will not burn. The ingredients will quickly stick to the thin bottom. Check that it is perfectly level. To do this, simply place the pan on any flat surface.

Remember, a pot or pan that is too light indicates that the manufacturer has skimped on production. An aluminum plate is inserted into the bottom of such stainless steel products. In this case, the bottom seems thick, but does not have good thermal conductivity.

To avoid buying a fake, take a magnet with you. It will not be attracted to a stainless steel pan; this steel does not have magnetic properties.

Benefits of cookware and care

So, stainless steel is safer than other materials. In addition, it is suitable for all cooking surfaces, including induction hobs. Easy to use, does not darken, does not oxidize. The beautiful steel shine fits seamlessly into the modern kitchen design.

The dishes are easy to clean and do not require special care. The only restriction is a ban on abrasive cleaning agents and hard brushes. Their use will certainly leave scratches on the product.

Source: https://FB.ru/article/467324/izdeliya-iz-nerjaveyki-proizvodstvo-bezopasnost-preimuschestva

Stainless steel production + technology as they do it for 2019 – Business Hub

Steel production today is carried out mainly from waste steel products and pig iron. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, the latter containing from 0.1 to 2.14%.

Exceeding the carbon content of the alloy will cause it to become too brittle.

The essence of the process of producing steel, which contains a much smaller amount of carbon and impurities compared to cast iron, is to convert these impurities into slag and gases during the smelting process and subject them to forced oxidation.

Steel production process

Process Features

Steel production, carried out in steel furnaces, involves the interaction of iron with oxygen, during which the metal is oxidized.

Carbon, phosphorus, silicon and manganese contained in pig iron are also subject to oxidation.

Oxidation of these impurities occurs due to the fact that iron oxide, formed in a molten metal bath, gives oxygen to more active impurities, thereby oxidizing them.

Steel production involves three stages, each of which has its own significance. Let's take a closer look at them.

Melting rock

At this stage, the charge is melted and a bath of molten metal is formed, in which iron, oxidizing, oxidizes the impurities contained in the cast iron (phosphorus, silicon, manganese).

During this production stage, phosphorus must be removed from the alloy, which is achieved by containing molten calcium oxide in the slag.

Under such production conditions, phosphorus anhydride (P2O5) creates an unstable compound with iron oxide (FeO), which, when interacting with a stronger base - calcium oxide (CaO), decomposes, and phosphoric anhydride turns into slag.

In order for steel production to be accompanied by the removal of phosphorus from the molten metal bath, it is necessary that the temperature is not too high and that the content of iron oxide in the slag is not too high.

To satisfy these requirements, scale and iron ore are added to the melt, which form ferrous slag in the molten metal bath.

The slag containing a high amount of phosphorus that forms on the surface of the molten metal bath is removed, and in its place new portions of calcium oxide are added to the melt.

Boiling bath of molten metal

The further process of steel production is accompanied by boiling of a bath of molten metal. This process is activated with increasing temperature. It is accompanied by intense oxidation of carbon that occurs when heat is absorbed.

Steel production process in electric furnaces

Steel production is impossible without the oxidation of excess carbon; this process is started by adding scale to the molten metal bath or injecting pure oxygen into it.

Carbon, interacting with iron oxide, releases bubbles of carbon oxide, which creates the effect of boiling the bath, during which the amount of carbon in it decreases and the temperature stabilizes.

In addition, non-metallic impurities adhere to the floating bubbles of carbon monoxide, which helps reduce their amount in the molten metal and leads to a significant improvement in its quality.

At this stage of production, sulfur, present in the form of iron sulfide (FeS), is also removed from the alloy. As the temperature of the slag increases, iron sulfide dissolves in it and reacts with calcium oxide (CaO). As a result of this interaction, a CaS compound is formed, which dissolves in the slag, but cannot dissolve in iron.

Metal deoxidation

Diffusion deoxidation involves the introduction of ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and aluminum into the molten metal slag. Such additives, by reducing iron oxide, reduce its amount in the slag. As a result, the iron oxide dissolved in the alloy passes into the slag, disintegrates in it, releasing iron, which returns to the melt, and the released oxides remain in the slag.

The production of steel with precipitation deoxidation is carried out by introducing ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and aluminum into the melt. Due to the presence in their composition of substances that have a greater affinity for oxygen than iron, such elements form compounds with oxygen, which, having a low density, is discharged into the slag.

Steel production in open hearth furnaces

By adjusting the level of deoxidation, it is possible to obtain boiling steel that is not completely deoxidized during the melting process.

The final deoxidation of such steel occurs when the ingot solidifies in a mold, where the interaction of carbon and iron oxide continues in the crystallizing metal.

The carbon monoxide that is formed as a result of this interaction is removed from the steel in the form of bubbles also containing nitrogen and hydrogen. The boiling steel obtained in this way contains a small amount of metal inclusions, which gives it high ductility.

Steel production can be aimed at producing the following types of materials:

• calm, which are obtained if the deoxidation process in the ladle and furnace is completely completed;
• semi-quiet, which in terms of the degree of deoxidation are between calm and boiling steels; It is precisely these steels that are deoxidized both in the ladle and in the mold, where the interaction of carbon and iron oxide continues in them.

If steel production involves introducing pure metals or ferroalloys into the melt, the result is alloyed iron-carbon alloys.

If in steel of this category it is necessary to add elements that have a lower affinity for oxygen than iron (cobalt, nickel, copper, molybdenum), then they are introduced during the smelting process without fear of them oxidizing.

If the alloying elements that need to be added to steel have a greater affinity for oxygen than iron (manganese, silicon, chromium, aluminum, titanium, vanadium), then they are introduced into the metal after its complete deoxidation (at the final stage of smelting or during ladle).

Necessary equipment

Steel production technology involves the use of the following equipment in steel mills.

Oxygen converter section:

• argon supply systems;
• converter vessels and their supporting rings;
• dust filtration equipment;
• system for removing converter gas.

Electric furnace section:

• induction furnaces;
• arc furnaces;
• containers with which it is performed;
• scrap metal storage area;
• converters designed to provide induction heating.

Secondary metallurgy site where:

• cleaning steel from sulfur;
• steel homogenization;
• electroslag remelting;
• creation of a vacuum environment.

Boiling steel

Area for implementation of bucket technology:

• LF equipment;
• SL equipment.

The bucket facility providing steel production also includes:

• bucket covers;
• casting and pouring ladles;
• gate valves.

Steel production also requires equipment for continuous casting of steel. Such equipment includes:

• rotating frame for manipulating pouring ladles;
• equipment for continuous casting;
• trolleys on which intermediate buckets are transported;
• trays and vessels intended for emergency situations;
• tundishes and storage areas;
• plug mechanism;
• mobile mixers for cast iron;
• cooling equipment;
• areas where continuous casting is performed;
• internal rail-type vehicles.

Source: https://hub-bs.ru/na-2019/proizvodstvo-nerzhaveyushhej-stali-tehnologiya-kak-delayut-dlya-2019.html

What to make from stainless steel with your own hands?

There is a huge selection of smokehouses. Many people make smoking installations from wood or brick, and equip old refrigerators, metal barrels and buckets in smokehouses. The most common option is a stainless steel smokehouse. You can make it yourself or purchase it at a specialized store.

A stainless steel smokehouse can be used in a summer cottage, on a picnic or even at home

Stainless steel products of different brands: production, advantages of stainless steel

Stainless steel is a product that is not subject to corrosion, oxidation, or destruction by aggressive environments. Stainless steel products have an aesthetic appearance, practicality, environmental safety and durability. The metal lends itself well to polishing and grinding. The surface can be matte, mirror, chrome, colored.

The physical and technical characteristics of the product depend on the percentage of chromium. The standard alloy contains 12−20% of the component. Under the influence of oxygen, the additional component is converted into chromium oxide, which creates an inert protective film of insoluble oxides on the surface of the rolled product. In addition to chromium, stainless steel may contain C, Mn, P, Si, S. To increase the physical and mechanical properties, Ni, Mo, Nb, Ti, Co may be present in the alloy.

Rolled metal is produced in different grades that can satisfy the requirements of almost all areas of human activity: from construction to the manufacture of decorative elements.

Depending on the percentage of additives, stainless steel is divided into several types:

1. chromium;
2. chromium-nickel;
3. chromium-manganese-nickel.

Easy processing, high melting point, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, mechanical damage and moisture allow the metal to be used for the production of products for various purposes . The alloy, resistant to chemicals, is used in the manufacture of pipes , parts, and components for various objects:

1. chemical and electronic industries;
2. mechanical engineering;
3. production of food products, medicines, cosmetics;
4. surgical instruments and cutlery;
5. decorative designs;
6. fencing.

Manufacturing of products to order

Based on the client’s sketches, stainless steel products are produced to order after the design of the future product has been developed. According to individual sizes, specialists can quickly and at an affordable cost produce:

1. containers;
2. entrance groups;
3. awnings;
4. fencing;
5. racks;
6. elements of office and home furniture;
7. handrails;
8. gratings;
9. benches;
10. countertops;
11. supply and exhaust systems.

Products are manufactured to order from different grades of steel , the choice of which depends on the purpose and operating conditions. For products intended for indoor installation, inexpensive alloy AISI 430 is suitable, which has a pleasant appearance and durability. Rolled metal combines well with plastic, wood, glass and stone.

Interior and exterior items made of stainless steel combine aesthetics, reliability and environmental friendliness. According to the customer's drawings, it is possible to manufacture barbecues, heating and water supply pipes, smokehouses, stair railings, and decorative grates for the fireplace. Austenitic stainless steel is used for storage tanks, mirror frames, car brackets, table tops, vacuum chambers, and shoe stands.

The main positive properties of alloy steel varieties are light weight, the ability to paint, bend, drill, laser cutting, turning, rolling, casting and welding. According to the project of the enterprise, a range of goods is produced from stainless steel , among which the following can be noted:

1. roof rails;
2. columns;
3. flagpoles;
4. bicycle parking;
5. lamps;
6. tables;
7. chairs;
8. floor coverings;
9. fastenings;
10. accessories;
11. heat screens.

A unique project for a home, restaurant, cafe and other organizations can be the production of a stainless steel aquarium of the appropriate size and shape. The design can fit into any interior, provide access to maintenance systems for an artificial reservoir, and allow you to replace the glass bowl without dismantling the frame.

Popular brands

The most popular grades of metal for production purposes are steel 300 and 400 series. The 300 series includes austenitic, austenitic-ferritic and austenitic-martensitic steel. AISI 304 alloy grade is produced for the food and pharmaceutical industries; the material is easy to weld and is resistant to aggressive environments.

AISI 316 stainless steel for the chemical, shipbuilding and oil and gas industries can withstand high temperatures and retain its properties when in contact with an acidic environment and sea water. AISI 316 T steel contains titanium, which increases the strength characteristics and resistance of the metal to chlorine ions. Stainless steel is used in the manufacture of equipment and components for the chemical and food industries, and welding of gas turbine blades.

AISI 321 alloy metal can withstand heating up to 800 C, and is used in the production of seamless pipes, elbows, tees and adapters from stainless steel in hot water supply systems, sewage systems, as well as in pipelines for transporting mildly aggressive chemicals.

From ductile steel 400 series AISI 430, the customer can order decorative elements for the interior or exterior , as well as parts intended for use in the oil and gas industry. In special cases, specialists can select a cheaper “analogue” with chemical and mechanical properties in accordance with technological conditions.

The production of stainless steel products is carried out on modern equipment by high-class specialists, since working with the material requires professional training. In the production workshop the following is carried out: perforation, bending, cutting, engraving, grinding, polishing of sheet material before or after cutting to the size and configuration of a pipe, profile, angle. At the installation site of the part, the weld seam is additionally cleaned, polished and painted.

Steel structures in combination with other building and finishing materials will help emphasize the style of the room. Computer graphics processing or 3D imaging will help produce products in the correct proportions, allowing you to create an image of the future part and make the necessary changes.

Food-grade steel does not oxidize, does not allow pathogens to multiply, and lends itself well to sanitary and heat treatment. The cost of custom-made products depends on the steel grade, purpose, operating conditions and complexity of the work process.

Source: https://tokar.guru/metallicheskie-izdeliya/proizvodstvo-izdeliy-iz-nerzhaveyki-marki-stali-osobennosti.html