How to knit reinforcement using a crochet hook

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation

How to knit reinforcement for a foundation

Concrete used in strip foundations is an extremely durable material. However, its main stability lies in the resistance along the compression vector. A foundation made of pure concrete will be sensitive to tensile and bending loads. Meanwhile, such loads can act on the foundation, for example, during seasonal changes in soil conditions.

Foundation reinforcement

Reinforcement used to reinforce the foundation

To avoid destruction of concrete foundations under uncharacteristic loads, a load-bearing frame is formed in it. It is usually made of metal reinforcement that forms a spatial structure resembling a cage.

As a rule, the power “skeleton” of concrete foundations consists of at least two horizontal layers of reinforcement. The layers are connected internally by horizontal bridges made of metal rods.

The horizontal layers are fixed between themselves by vertical jumpers according to the calculation of the reinforcing belt.

Connection of metal rods

Since the reinforcing load-bearing frame consists of individual metal rods, they must be fixed relative to each other. Otherwise, without reliable fixation, the frame structure may deform under the influence of the mass of the concrete solution being poured or under loads on the entire building structure.

Fixation of metal rods relative to each other should occur at the intersection of the rods, as well as in areas where the metal rods overlap each other along the length.

Methods for fixing metal reinforcement

There are several basic methods of fixing the metal rods of the load-bearing frame of a concrete foundation relative to each other.

Plastic clamps

The newest and easiest way is to use plastic construction clamps. No preparation or special equipment is required - you just need to tighten the plastic clamps at the intersections of the metal reinforcement. The plastic from which the clamp is made is not subject to corrosion and will perform well in the concrete mass of the foundation.

Fastening fittings using plastic clamps

Electric welding

Welding reinforcement cage

A more ancient and authoritative method of connecting reinforcing frame rods is the use of electric welding. However, if you want to use this method, you need to remember that not any metal rods can be welded, but only those that have the letter “C” in their markings. The welding technique is spot welding.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that using an electric welding machine requires certain complex technological skills.

In addition, fixing the intersections of the reinforcement by welding forms a connection that does not have even the slightest backlash. Consequently, when using vibrating compactors and drills, which are usually used to displace air bubbles from concrete after pouring the solution, the fixation points may be damaged.

Knitting metal reinforcement with wire

The most common way of fixing the intersections and joints of metal reinforcement inside the load-bearing frame of a strip foundation is wire binding. This is an extremely simple and affordable method that has proven itself among many generations of builders.

Its essence is simple - the places where it is necessary to fix the connections of the metal reinforcement of the load-bearing frame are wrapped with a piece of wire, which is subsequently twisted, firmly tightening the connections.

There are several ways to twist tie wire onto metal fittings. Any of them uses a crochet hook, which is a piece of metal bent at an angle and pointed. Knitting methods differ in the approach to twisting the wire.

Step-by-step technology

In any case, at the initial stage of knitting reinforcing bars with wire, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work:

1. Cut a piece of wire approximately 20-30 centimeters in size. You will be able to determine the size of future sections more accurately when you tie several fasteners and increase your technological level.
2. Fold the piece of wire in half.
3. Wrap the wire harness around the joint of the metal bars diagonally.
4. Place the bent end of the wire harness onto the rod, and fix the other end of the wire harness there.
5.  Twist the ends of the wire loop.
6. The general diagram of twisting a wire loop around the junction of metal reinforcing bars is shown in the following figure.

Scheme of tying reinforcement for the foundation

To twist the ends of a wire loop, you can use one of the methods described below.

Use of mechanical devices

The least common method is to twist the binding wire onto the reinforcement using specialized devices, for example, such as those shown in this photograph. To tighten it, after fixing the ends on the hook, simply pull the entire device towards you.

Knitting reinforcement using a special hook

Using a crochet hook

The next method is to use a regular hook, without any mechanization. You can make a crochet hook yourself in a relatively short time from the same piece of metal reinforcement. To do this, one end of a piece of rod must be twisted in the form of an eye, so that it is convenient to rotate, and the other end must be bent about five centimeters and sharpened sharply.

The device looks simple and operates simply too - you just need to rotate it with the ends of the wire loop attached to the end of the hook.

The disadvantage of this method is the low prevalence of such specialized devices.

Knitting reinforcement using a hook

Automation of work

But if you use a little ingenuity, then an automatic power tool for twisting the ends of the wire when fixing the metal rods of the foundation frame can be assembled practically from improvised means. To do this, you need to take a regular screwdriver and insert a bent nail into its chuck. Such a device will help you significantly save time and effort when tying reinforcement for the foundation and will make the power reinforcing frame of your foundation reliable and durable.

Screwdriver as a tool for tying reinforcement

Source: https://fundamentt.com/kak-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta/

How to properly knit and bend reinforcement for foundations: installation technology

Reinforcement cage indicating strapping locations

In all modern foundations, construction is not complete without the use of reinforcement - interconnected metal rods that absorb tensile stresses when used in conjunction with concrete. The frame creates vertical and horizontal belts, serves to increase the strength of the structure and uniformly distribute loads.

If the reinforcement is weakly or incorrectly connected, it will creep apart, thereby compromising the integrity of the foundation. This will lead to its slow destruction. Tying the rods together is quite simple, but highly specialized specialists know well how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation.

The frame connection scheme is almost the same for all types of foundations, except for columnar wooden or metal ones, where a frame is formed on top of the pile head using reinforcement or beams.

They are connected to the head and welded, in which case the rods or wire rod have to be bent at a specific angle.

Three methods of tying reinforcement cages

Schematic representation of reinforcement tying technology methods

To form the metal frame of the base, three strapping methods are used:

1. Welding. At first glance, welding is the simplest and most effective way to connect reinforcement, but in practice everything looks different. During welding, the metal is heated to high temperatures and deformed, which results in a partial loss of rigidity. You also have to hire a professional welder who knows about the properties of the metal and can avoid burning it, and this is an additional financial expense. There is also a risk of destruction of the welding site during operation of the industrial vibrator. Difficulties arise if you bend metal close to the welding site.
2. Connection using bent wire or plastic clamps (ties). This method is popular among many developers, since the connection can be made with your own hands in a matter of minutes. If flexible wire is used, then a special tool must be used to connect the links. Plastic clamps are more reliable than wire, but are more expensive. The connection diagram is similar, only then you have to bend the rods at the required angle.
3. Overlapping. This method involves overlapping reinforcement with further fixation with wire. It is practiced more for horizontal belts made of mesh, and a vertical smooth rod is used inside the joint.

Any of the above methods can be implemented with your own hands. In this case, you have to bend the metal, which is quite problematic, given the rigidity of the reinforcement and its minimum diameter for horizontal chords of 12 mm.

Knitting reinforcement with your own hands

With all the variety of specialized construction tools, not all private developers have the opportunity to buy or rent them. Knitting rods does not require expensive tools; moreover, you can do it yourself.

To do this, you need to purchase steel binding wire. It is quite flexible and durable, has a diameter of 2-3 mm. To bend it, you will have to use pliers or a specially made hook, which subsequently twists around the reinforcement and fixes it. Some craftsmen who perform reinforcement with their own hands sometimes use a screwdriver as a simpler and easier way to knit. If you knit with wire, you will need:

• One of the options for knitting the base frame using a hook. Craftsmen sometimes use a screwdriver as an easier way to tie reinforcement bars with their own hands. Cut a piece of wire about 30 cm long. You can do more if you don’t mind it, but the ends will get in the way (including excess waste);
• then fold the wire in half to increase rigidity and strength;
• bend it diagonally around the reinforcement joint and make a small loop;
• Place the hook in the loop and twist clockwise evenly, without unnecessary effort, until it becomes difficult to wrap or the connection becomes strong enough. The main thing is not to use force, since it is easy to break the wire and then you will have to start all over again;
• Cut off the ends of the wire with pliers and discard.

In the case of reinforcement of a columnar foundation, the reinforcement cage can be bent and then fixed to the heads with special clamps. Some manufacturers already supply metal or wooden piles with special clamping brackets and couplings.

In this case, it is enough to bend the rod and insert it into the bracket. Clamp the bracket and boil it on top; you can do all this yourself, using a minimum of tools.

In the case of using smooth reinforcement, the tying process is more labor-intensive, since the hooks will constantly bend and cannot be done without a specialized tool at hand, as well as without outside help.

It is better to knit the reinforcement cage for a slab monolithic foundation from several belts. For the horizontal tier, spiral rods with a cross-section of up to 16 mm are used, and for vertical links, smooth rods with a cross-section of up to 10 mm are used. When installing the lower mesh, it is recommended to use plastic expansion joints, which will create a uniform pitch. Then, when knitting vertical rods, it is important not to forget to take them outside the foundation, due to the fact that load-bearing walls will be connected to them.

Using plastic ties for knitting is a more expensive option for replacing wire, but clamps (ties) can be found in any household. The principle of tying is similar, but the plastic for the ties is less durable. Therefore, it is better not to use force during installation.

The most popular clamps have a special core at the end of the tie; they are used to secure cables and pipes to vertical surfaces. Plastic showed excellent results when knitting with your own hands in warm weather; in cold weather it quickly loses its elasticity and bursts.

matings:

Tying reinforcement for the foundation according to all the rules

Sketch of the technology for correctly creating connections between reinforcing bars and crocheting

It is quite possible to knit reinforcement using available materials. But it is worth noting that correctly tying the rods together does not guarantee compliance with all building codes and high-quality installation. Since the pattern of knitting the frame depends on the type of foundation, its size, thickness and type of material used. Therefore, you need to take into account several key rules:

1. If mesh is used as a reinforcement frame, then the strapping must be overlapped.
2. Taking into account the type and cross-section of the reinforcement, it is necessary to calculate the length of the bypass at the connection points.
3. The rods must be bent strictly at a certain angle and evenly.
4. The grade of concrete and working conditions at the joint are taken into account. The minimum overlap length is at least 25 cm.

If reinforcement is carried out at a height of 3 meters or more, then scaffolding or scaffolding is indispensable. The strapping technology turns out to be more complex, due to existing safety rules for working at height. Tying is carried out in three stages:

1. First prepare the reinforcement and tie slings to it.
2. Raise to the required height, level and place in plastic guides.
3. Tie the rods using any of the listed technologies.

Work at height should be carried out only with several workers at a time, provide insurance and control the process of lifting the rods and then installing them in the specified places. Doing this yourself without insurance is strictly prohibited.

The cost of strapping is relatively low, since craftsmen can process several square meters of frame in an hour. And when using special knitting tools, it’s even faster. And they guarantee the quality of the knitting of the rods and compliance with all construction standards, especially since the rods will be bent with special pliers.

instructions

Source: https://FundamentClub.ru/armirovanie/kak-pravilno-vyazat-armaturu.html

Knitting reinforcement to strengthen the foundation

The use of reinforcement makes it possible to obtain a reinforced concrete structure with high strength characteristics. A metal frame is necessary to compensate for various types of loads that arise during long-term operation of the foundation. The profile of the rods can be smooth or have edges, ribs and notches that improve the adhesion of concrete to metal. Grip on a textured surface is 2 times higher than on a smooth surface.

What types of fittings are found?

The reinforcement for the foundation is a metal rod with a length of 6 m and a diameter of 6 mm . The strength of the frame depends on the diameter of the rod: the larger it is, the more reliable the structure.

Depending on the functional characteristics, the fittings are divided into:

• assembly (for the construction of vertical and transverse reinforcement);
• structural (to enhance the rigidity of the frame);
• working (to strengthen places experiencing tensile loads);
• longitudinal (to increase resistance to compression forces);
• transverse (to counteract loads across the axis of the beam).

For strip foundations, it is recommended to use reinforcement of small diameters - 10-12 mm, in rare cases - 14 mm. For longitudinal reinforcement, rods with a corrugated surface are selected. Transverse and vertical rods are not subject to significant loads, so smooth reinforcement with a diameter of 6 mm can be used. The standard consumption of fittings is 50-80 kg per 1 cubic meter. m of concrete.

How to knit reinforcement - by hand or by machine?

Reinforcement tying is necessary to prevent the reinforcing bars from shifting from their original position . It is convenient to connect the rods into a frame by welding outside the trench.

If you don't have a welding machine, you can use binding wire. In this case, the installation of the frame is carried out inside the formwork.

For manual knitting, steel wire with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm is used, produced in coils or cut into pieces 10-20 cm long. The number of connections in the frame must be at least half of the reinforcement intersections .

In order to tie the reinforcement for the foundation, you need to know that fastening the reinforcement can be done in several ways:

1. Using pliers (nippers). Knitting is performed at the intersection of the reinforcement bars. For the widow, the folded wire is twisted and fixed at the ends using wire cutters with rounded teeth, which will not damage the wire when knitting;
2. Using a hook and a screwdriver. A small piece of wire is folded in half, the resulting loop is hooked, and the ends are wrapped at the intersection of the reinforcing bars and also placed in the hook. Then, rotating it, you need to twist the wire. You can use a simple hook made of steel wire, or a special one that works like an attachment for a screwdriver;
3. Using special paper clips - clamps, connectors and round wire staples. Tying reinforcement, for example, for a strip foundation, is done by hand without the use of additional tools;
4. Small diameter rods can be secured with self-tightening plastic clamps;
5. Using a knitting gun. To quickly install the frame, it is recommended to use a knitting gun. The gun nozzle is installed in the required location, and when you press a button, the tool automatically knits the rods. The binding wire is supplied from a replaceable spool;

When choosing a method for knitting reinforcement, you should be guided by the timing of foundation construction, technical and financial capabilities .

How to bend reinforcement correctly?

Professional builders bend reinforcement using a special machine. However, there are alternative methods that allow you to bend metal rods without additional equipment:

• First method For this method, two steel pipes with a diameter larger than the diameter of the bending rod are selected. The longer the pipe, the easier it will be to bend the reinforcement . One of the pipes is rigidly fixed to the ground (it can be buried), it must be motionless. The fittings are inserted into the fixed pipe, and a second pipe is put on the free end. Using the moving part of the structure as a lever, the required curvature is given to the reinforcement.
• Second method The reinforcement can be bent using a blowtorch and a hammer. Use a hot soldering iron to heat the area of ​​the intended bend, and then bend it in the desired direction with a hammer. To make the process easier and faster, it is recommended to firmly fasten the rod .

Foundation reinforcement is a necessary condition for creating a strong and reliable foundation . Only a strong frame and high-quality connections can guarantee the durability of the foundation.

Demonstration of reinforcement tying:

Source: http://evrostroy-spb.ru/materials/armatura/kak-rabotat-s-armaturoj.html

Knitting reinforcement

Everyone who builds a monolithic foundation with their own hands faces the task of tying the reinforcement before laying the concrete. Let's take a closer look at the working techniques and devices with which you can tie the reinforcement.

It is known that reinforcement can be connected by welding. But this process is not very fast, and besides, when it comes to DIY construction, it must be said that the vast majority of home craftsmen are not welders. And they don’t have welding equipment at home.

Therefore, there are two options for the developer - either invite a qualified welder to fasten the reinforcement, or knit the reinforcement with metal wire yourself.

Composite reinforcement can be used

If we are talking about the construction of a foundation, then it is possible to use non-metallic composite reinforcement made of fiberglass and basalt fiber.

According to its characteristics, such reinforcement is well suited for house foundations. In addition, with it “life will immediately become easier,” because the labor intensity associated with the heaviness and rigidity of the metal will disappear. And a non-corrosive composite rod will last longer in a water-logged environment.

The problem is that it cannot be fixed in a bent state. Corners must be ordered, or metal must be used

Fastening the rods with staples (paper clips)

Nowadays fastening of reinforcement is also possible with the help of ready-to-use special clamping brackets (clips). They are made of elastic steel; during installation, they are simply put on intersecting reinforcement bars, tightening them.

All work is greatly simplified and performed relatively quickly, without significant physical effort.

But they are quite expensive. But by using clamps, you can significantly speed up the process of installing large reinforcement cages.

Wire preparation

Currently, in most cases, to fasten reinforcement with your own hands, special flexible low-carbon steel wire is still used. Its diameter is most often about 1.0 mm, but 0.8 - 1.4 mm can be used.

To knit the reinforcement, pieces of wire about 0.3 meters long are needed. So while working you will have to constantly bite off such pieces, which adds labor intensity and increases the time spent.

To simplify this process proceed as follows. Initially, the wire in the skein is bent so that the required distance is obtained between the places of bends. Then, using a grinder, they simply cut a thick bundle of wire along these bends.

As a result, many pieces of wire for tying reinforcement are ready.

Source: http://stroy-block.com.ua/fundament/77-vyazka-armatury.html

How to knit reinforcement correctly: step-by-step instructions

In modern construction, additional reinforcement of the foundation with a metal structure has already become a mandatory requirement. Such reinforcement significantly increases the strength and ductility of the concrete monolith.

When creating a strip foundation for a private house, the reinforcement for the foundation plays a very important role; it eliminates the possibility of its deformation during seasonal soil movements and ensures integrity.

Each metal frame in a strip foundation consists of two or more horizontal tiers, which are fastened together by transverse rods (crossbars). All frame elements are connected to each other using electric welding or wire for tying reinforcement.

Reinforcement calculation

Before purchasing the required amount of reinforcement for the frame, it is necessary to carry out some mathematical calculations that will help determine the amount of material. It is also important to take into account some features, such as:

• corrugated reinforcement (metal rods with ribs) can withstand a greater load on horizontal structures than smooth reinforcement and provides better adhesion to concrete;

• when making calculations, it must be taken into account that the frame should not rest against the formwork, but should be located at a distance of 5-10 cm from it. This will protect the metal from exposure to air and moisture. For example, if the width of the concrete foundation strip is 60 cm, then the width of the frame will be 45-50 cm;

• smooth rods can be used as crossbars to support longitudinal tiers.

It is important to remember that the reinforcement for a strip foundation is calculated taking into account the height and weight of the building.

If you plan to build a one-story house, then the distance between the transverse and longitudinal rods is approximately 50-55 cm. But if the building has two floors or a massive attic, then this distance is reduced to 20-30 cm, which significantly increases material consumption.

Options for bundles of reinforcement bars

In order to connect all the elements of the metal structure with each other, use mounting wire with a diameter of 0.8 or 1.2 mm, which is pre-cut into small pieces of 20-25 cm. Installation of reinforcement for the foundation can be done in several ways, depending on the tool used:

• pliers or pliers – pieces of wire are folded in half, twisted and fixed;

• crochet hook for reinforcement, this method of knitting is described below;

• special clamps. In this option, special disposable plastic or metal clamps are used. This is how fiberglass reinforcement for the foundation is usually connected.

The use of clamps is possible if no one will walk on the frame during pouring of liquid concrete or exert other physical stress, since they are intended only to maintain the shape of the structure before pouring;

• knitting gun. Such equipment is used only by construction companies for large volumes of work, as it is quite expensive.

Before knitting reinforcement for the foundation, you need to provide yourself with protective gloves and use only working tools.

Step-by-step manual twisting process

The fastest and most common method in private construction is to connect metal rods using a crochet hook for reinforcement.

In order to do everything correctly and quickly, you must strictly follow the procedure below:

• the wire for tying the reinforcement is cut to a length of 20-25 cm and folded in half;

• place the wire under the junction of the rods and insert the hook into the loop;

• tie the second end of the wire around the reinforcement joint and place it on the hook;

• then rotate the crochet hook for the reinforcement clockwise, holding the second end of the wire so that the ends intertwine;

• remove the hook from the loop and bend the ends of the wire inside the frame.

Using this simple algorithm of actions, knitting reinforcement for a strip foundation using a knitting gun is much faster and more efficient.

Sponsor of the column: IVAenergoservice company - energy-saving infrared heating film Heat Plus in Kyiv. Sales, installation, consultations.

Source: http://ProfiDom.com.ua/stati/shkola-remonta-stroitelstvo/8346-kak-pravilno-vjazat-armaturu--poshagovaja-instrukcija

DIY reinforcement for the foundation of a private house: diagram, dimensions and step-by-step instructions +

The most common foundation in private construction is a strip foundation. A strip foundation is a monolithic strip of reinforced concrete poured around the perimeter of the house. As a rule, it is made monolithic. This type of foundation distributes the load on the foundation over the entire area of ​​the house, which prevents it from subsidence and distortion. In addition, it requires less materials and preparatory work, which allows significant savings on construction.

During operation, the foundation can be affected by various loads, ranging from the weight of the structure and soil movement to frost heaving.

To compensate for the loads acting on the foundation, it is reinforced.

According to its properties, concrete is very strong in compression, but in tension it is 50 times less strong. Steel reinforcement gives tensile strength to concrete.

Laying and knitting reinforcement

For reinforcement, hot-rolled construction reinforcement of a periodic profile, heat-treated or mechanically strengthened, is used. For the foundation, reinforcement of class A 400 is used. The use of classes A 240 and A 300 is unacceptable.

Using reinforcement of a class higher than A 400 for reinforcement is neither economically profitable nor advisable from the point of view of using the strength potential.

The diameter of the reinforcement is usually used 12mm for working longitudinal reinforcement, 6-8mm for vertical and transverse reinforcement.

The laid reinforcement must be connected.

Let's find out how to properly knit reinforcement for the foundation.

There are several types of reinforcement connections. Most often it is knitting using knitting wire. Welding and fastening with plastic clamps are also used.

Wire is a time-tested, reliable option.

For knitting, wire processed by firing, the so-called burnt wire, is used. Burnt wire is more flexible and stronger than regular wire, and is also more resistant to tension. The diameter of the wire depends on the diameter of the reinforcement.

As a rule, for reinforcement with a diameter of 8-12 mm, 1.2 mm wire is used; for thicker reinforcement, thicker wire is used. However, using wire larger than 1.6 mm is not advisable since it is very inconvenient to knit and will be difficult to tighten.

Wire with a diameter of less than 1.2mm will burst when tightened.

There are several ways to knit with wire:

• Knitting using reinforcement pliers;
• Crochet;
• Knitting using a drill with an attachment;
• Knitting using a knitting gun.

How to crochet reinforcement

Hooks of various types have become widespread. There are simple ones with straight, curved, steel, plastic or wooden handles.

There are also mechanical hooks with a spiral built into the handle of such hooks. When pulled upward, the handle slides in a spiral, turning the hook and tightening. There are many ways to work with crochet, here are a few of them.

Method 1.

We cut the wire for the reinforcement with a diameter of 12mm, a length of approximately 25mm and fold it in half. Next, we bend it around the finger by about one third. We pass it under the reinforcement and grab the loop with a hook. We place the second end on the sting, while pulling it towards ourselves, and begin to twist the hook. The number of revolutions is determined practically. It is necessary to tighten it well without breaking the wire. After tightening is complete, pull out the hook and bend the ends inward.

Method 2.

The wire is also folded in half, pressed with your fingers to the reinforcement, the ends are bent towards themselves, a hook is inserted and tightened. After tightening, the hook is removed and the ends are bent.

Method 3.

The wire is also folded in half, threaded under the reinforcement, and the loop is inserted into the hook. The second end is also inserted into the hook and bent down. Pull the hook towards you and tighten.

This method is considered the most convenient.

Tying with reinforcement pliers

Pliers for tying reinforcement differ from conventional ones in the shape of the cutting part. They must hold the wire.

The advantage of using pliers is that there is no need to cut the wire. The wire is wound into small skeins and held in the left hand. Wire consumption is much less. It is with the use of pliers on construction sites that professionals knit reinforcement and claim that this happens twice as fast as using a hook or a gun.

One end of the wire is threaded under the reinforcement, and the other end is grabbed with pliers. It is also inserted under the jaws, one or two turns are made. The excess is bitten off.

Knitting using a drill with an attachment

In pursuit of speeding up the process, they began to use a drill with a special attachment. The nozzle is the same hook. The actual winding of the joints is faster, but the whole process is identical to crocheting except for the winding. There is also a disadvantage to using a drill. The drill itself is quite bulky and cannot be reached everywhere.

Knitting gun

Allows you to increase labor productivity by 2-4 times. The feasibility of its use appears when it is necessary to carry out large volumes of work on tying reinforcement. Another plus is that all connections are tied with the same force.

The disadvantages include its bulkiness, just like that of a drill. And the need for consumables special for this pistol, or the need to load cassettes.

The technology of operation of all tools is identical - knitting wire on reinforcement. Accordingly, the choice of tool will be based only on your personal preferences.

Tying reinforcement with plastic clamps

Recently, most builders have begun to pay attention to the recently introduced plastic clamps. The advantages of clamps include: ease of installation, speed of strapping, and low cost.

Also on sale are plastic clamps with a heart made of steel wire. They are more expensive, but also more durable.

The disadvantages include fragility in the cold and the inability to bear additional load. From frost they immediately become brittle and burst.

Connecting reinforcement by welding - this method has its advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage of this method is that it requires the involvement of an experienced welder. The second disadvantage is the weakening of the metal at the welding points and a change in ductility along the entire length.

Knitting fiberglass reinforcement

Fiberglass is a relatively new material, which has both pros and cons.

The advantages include low weight, corrosion resistance, high compressive and tensile strength. Resistance to aggressive environments.

The disadvantages include much lower elasticity compared to traditional reinforcement; when heated, it loses its reinforcing properties.

So how to knit fiberglass reinforcement for the foundation of a house?

Tying fiberglass reinforcement is not particularly different from tying metal reinforcement; it should be noted that plastic clamps are most often used for these purposes.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the process of tying reinforcement is not quite complicated, but it requires attention.

Source: https://domsdelat.ru/fundament/vyazhem-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta-chastnogo-doma-svoimi-rukami-metody.html

Why knit reinforcement

You can understand why to knit reinforcement by knowing the diagram for pouring reinforced concrete structures. First, the metal frame is installed. However, there are also composite reinforcement. The latter is lighter in weight and is rolled into coils.

The first is unbending and heavy. But the principle of operation of classic and modern frames is the same. A kind of network is made from rods in the center of the foundation, wall, concrete slab. The reinforcement should remain in the center.

By moving to the edges of the fill, the frame will redistribute the loads in the final structure and become vulnerable. Close to the concrete surface, water vapor can reach the reinforcement, causing corrosion of the metal. That is why the rods are tied together so that the base does not “float” under the concrete mixture being poured.

The question of how to knit reinforcement for a foundation is a popular one, since laying rods in the foundation is always required. A metal network is needed even under a private house, not to mention multi-apartment high-rises.

Under the latter, it is customary to pour monolithic foundations, that is, solid slabs. For private houses, a strip foundation is often sufficient. How to knit reinforcement for both? Same. There are several ways:

Classic reinforcement knitting

We take steel wire with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters. The exact diameter depends on the width of the reinforcement bars. It ranges from 6 millimeters to 8 centimeters. The degree of strength that the metal will impart to the concrete pour depends on the diameter.

Classic crochet reinforcement

However, this strength is also related to the quality, as well as the type of knitting. In addition to manual connection of reinforcement, there is the option of welding. The latter is rarely resorted to, since the docking turns out to be rigid.

The frame has no gaps for a step “right” or “left”. Such movements are necessary when there are critical loads on the foundation. Where welded joints break, knitted ones will only stretch, maintaining the integrity of the structure.

The main load in the foundation is carried by the longitudinal reinforcement bars. Transverse – their support. Connect the corners of the frame and the intersection of the rods. Usually, the fastening wire is worked with pliers. They twist the ends of the harness, securely fixing it. The shape of the fastening is a single loop.

Knitting reinforcement with a hook and a screwdriver

Crocheting reinforcement does not imply an openwork net, as some ladies might think. The hook for the foundation frame is not so much a knitting needle as it is a pair of wire cutters that remove unnecessary ends of the wire.

Tying reinforcement using a screwdriver

Before this, the fastener is picked up and twisted into a bundle. A hook also helps to secure the loop. He picks up the wire. All that remains is to make rotational movements.

They are made manually or using a screwdriver. The latter speeds up the knitting process by about 5 seconds on each loop. For the method to work, the ends of the wire are inserted into the screwdriver chuck and turned on.

A rebar gun is a battery-powered electrical device. The device speeds up and partially automates knitting. One knot with a gun takes 1.5-3 seconds, as opposed to at least 10 with other methods of connecting rods.

Knitting reinforcement with a gun

A microchip in the gun regulates the tension of the wire during tying. Convenient, because with manual connection it is rarely possible to make identical nodes. One may be tight and the other flimsy. The wire for tying in the gun is wound on a drum. The part is removable. This saves working time. A new drum immediately takes the place of the old one.

You have to pay for the convenience of working with a pistol. The device is expensive. Therefore, a reinforcing gun is used, as a rule, on large construction sites that need to be completed in a short time. In private housing construction, they prefer hooks and pliers.

A staple is a piece of wire. It is already folded into a loop. All that remains is to tighten it. As a result, the process of knitting a joint is accelerated by 3-4 times. Minimal skill is required to work with staples, and a beginner masters the process in just a couple of hours.

Tying reinforcement with staples

In addition, each bracket is of a standard size, which ensures uniformity and stability of connections. The ease of drawing up an estimate is also attractive. One staple is needed for one joint of reinforcement bars.

When purchasing wire in coils, you have to take into account the footage and split it into the approximate length of one fastener. In general, if you plan to knit reinforcement with your own hands , staples are a convenient and affordable option. The price tag for blanks is slightly higher than for regular wire. But the time saved on mating covers the costs.

Clamps are plastic “straps”. They have something like plaques on them. The end of the belt is inserted into the plaque and tightened. Fastening is not as reliable as wire fastening, but it is sufficient for fastening rods in the foundation of a private house.

Tying reinforcement with plastic clamps

In addition, plastic has advantages over steel reinforcement. The polymer does not rot, even if it comes into contact with water. In addition, working with clamps is simple and non-traumatic. With wire, you can still get hurt and scratched.

An additional advantage of clamps is self-sufficiency. No additional tools are needed to work with plastic belts. The only problem is that in sub-zero temperatures it is difficult to use polymer fasteners. Plastic hardens in the cold. The connections are poor. But you can work with wire in any weather.

Most often people think about clamps when deciding how to knit fiberglass reinforcement for the foundation . The design is 100% polymer, excluding the weaknesses of metal in terms of intolerance to atmospheric phenomena and moisture. However, there are also complex clamps.

A thin wire is implanted into these. Plastic protects it and makes it easier to work with. But clamps, even ordinary ones, are about 3 times more expensive than wire for the same number of fasteners.

The tying methods already described provide sufficient fixation of the reinforcement rods laid in the foundation pit. However, if the frame needs to be made separately and then moved to the main place, it will fold. Welding provides rigid fixation, but its disadvantages have already been discussed.

It is advisable to leave minimal play in the rods. Double knitting comes to the rescue. It requires hard training and involves simultaneously tightening steel rods on both sides. The scheme is difficult to explain in words. It's easier to watch a training video. It should have 5 steps. Exactly as much in double knitting.

There is also a scheme for connecting two spatial frames into one volumetric one. It already consists of 6 steps. Having mastered them, you can prepare reinforcement in advance while the foundation pit and formwork are being prepared. Then all that remains is to move the frame.

How to knit corners of foundation reinforcement

Knitting the corners is a separate issue, since they account for the lion's share of the load. In addition, angles are right, acute and obtuse. The acceptable method of knitting depends on the configuration. Blunt connections are made rigid, overlapping.

Correct knitting of foundation corners

It is produced by bending one of the free ends of the reinforcement. Afterwards, the inner horizontal rod is attached to the same outer one. An internal horizontal rod is attached to the resulting bundle.

Fasten with a paw. Its length is equal to 35-50 diameters of the longitudinal reinforcement. As for the step between the corner transverse rods and the vertical ones, it is equal to 3/8 of the height of the foundation.

The corners of the joints in the foundation are secured with U- or L-shaped clamps. 90-degree joints of reinforcement bars are usually fixed with L-shaped anchor elements. Almost always the process consists of 5-6 steps. To master them means to provide the house with a bright, that is, strong future.

Source: https://zastpoyka.ru/kak-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-fundamenta/

Knitting reinforcement for the foundation

Any foundation needs high strength, which will allow it to withstand any loads over a long period of time. Therefore, when constructing many foundations for buildings, a frame of reinforcement is laid in them. The arrangement of the rods depends on the type of foundation, and the choice of how to tie the reinforcement always remains with the foreman himself or the site foreman.

The most common type of reinforcement is steel rods, but fiberglass products, which are not inferior to the first type in strength and reliability, are also in demand on the market. Each type of rod has its own disadvantages and advantages, so you should choose the material for reinforcing the foundation especially carefully.

Classification of fittings

In addition to dividing rods depending on the material of manufacture, there are several other classifications of reinforcing materials:

1. Purpose (production of drainages, main foundation and general construction groups, signal type, etc.);
2. Profile (can be smooth or periodic);
3.  Conditions for further use (prestressed or unstressed);
4.  Production technology;
5. Other signs.

Builders are familiar with three methods of tying reinforcement:

• Welded;
• Using tying wire;
• Overlap method.

foundation reinforcement mesh

How to knit the reinforcement for the foundation in each specific case is decided right at the site of its construction, based on objective external factors (scale of construction, type of foundation, availability of special equipment, experience, etc.).

For a reinforced frame, reinforcement with a 32 mm cross-section is usually taken.

Using welding to connect rods

Although welding of reinforcement fragments is popular in industrial construction (a simple and quick solution to a complex problem), it has a number of significant disadvantages:

1.  Reduced strength characteristics at the junctions of the rods, which directly affects the reliability of the entire frame;
2.  This method requires the presence of highly specialized specialists and expensive, complex equipment at the construction site. This leads to an increase in the cost of the project;
3.  An unreasonable increase in frame rigidity, which is not always desirable. The fact is that soil deformations can lead not to displacement of firmly fixed rods, but to their damage. Both concrete compaction and natural shrinkage processes of the structure can break the frame;
4.  The use of vibrators to compact concrete increases the risk of damage to the welded frame many times over.

To increase the strength characteristics of the foundation, the reinforcement should not be connected by welding; it is more advisable to use other methods of knitting.

Knitting reinforcing bars with crochet and gun

Many builders are sure that it is best to knit the reinforcement for the foundation frame by hand, without the use of various devices and equipment. This way the connection is as strong and reliable as possible.

The process will require a knitting wire with a diameter of approximately 1 mm and pliers, which can be replaced with a crochet hook. The technique has been tested for centuries and the quality of knitting is increasingly improved with each new construction.

reinforcement binding diagram

Important: if the reinforced frame will be poured without walking on it, plastic clamps can be used instead of wire.

The hand knitting technology with wire is as follows:

1. For each knot, a wire approximately 30 cm long is cut;
2. The section folded in half is wrapped diagonally around the point where the rods join;
3. A special hook is used to hook the loop formed at one end;
4. The free edges are put into a loop and pulled through it;
5. The hook does not release from the wire, but begins to move in a circular motion to better secure the connection.

Important: when turning the hook clockwise, the main thing is not to overdo it, otherwise the ends of the wire will break and the connection will have to be tied again.

When constructing a frame for a columnar foundation from smooth reinforcement, the labor intensity of knitting increases significantly, so many craftsmen use a special reinforcing gun in this situation. Otherwise, the hooks must be constantly bent while tightening is being done.

Basic rules of reinforcement tying

Proper tying of reinforcement must be carried out according to all the rules, based on the type of soil and foundation, as well as the expected load on the foundation.

Installation of a tied frame or finished mesh is performed with an overlapping dressing. In this case, the bypass at the connection points can have different lengths, where the following factors play an important role:

• Type of reinforcing bars;
• Brand of cement used in concrete mortar;
• Conditions for pouring the foundation.

A properly constructed frame allows for a minimum overlap of 25 cm.

If the height of the frame is sufficient (more than 3 m) or its vertical installation, it is necessary to consider the issue of constructing scaffolding or scaffolding. When strapping in these cases, slinging of frame fragments is used to deliver it to the required installation location. The rods are leveled strictly according to the drawings, after which they are knitted using a pre-selected method.

Important: the procedure for slinging reinforcing bars requires the participation of 2, or preferably 3, workers. In this case, two people lift and fix the material, and a third person controls and coordinates their actions.

All rods for foundation reinforcement are preliminarily inspected, and dirt is thoroughly cleaned off with a special stiff brush. If the material is curved, it needs to be straightened with a hammer.

Profile number(nominal diameter)	Weight, kg/m
6	0,222
8	0,395
10	0,617
12	0,888
14	1,210
16	1,580
18	2,000
20	2,470
22	2,980
25	3,850
28	4,830
32	6,310
36	7,990
40	9,870
45	12,480
50	15,410

Reinforcement weight calculator

The methods of tying reinforcement for the foundation described above are not complicated, they can be easily accomplished if the required sequence of work is followed and the correct choice of material (steel, fiberglass) and method of connecting the rods. If a beginner does not understand a certain point in the procedure, you can always watch a specialist at work on the Internet.

Source: http://rfund.ru/instrumenty/kak-vjazat-armaturu.html

How to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation - a step-by-step guide

The construction of monolithic reinforced concrete foundations for a building or structure is determined by a set of technological processes, which includes the reinforcement of structures. This method allows the support to withstand very heavy loads, thereby ensuring a strong position even for houses of complex configuration.

A strip foundation is a monolithic device made of concrete and a metal frame, where the latter provides the main load-bearing capacity of the building. Therefore, it is very important to accurately calculate the parameters of the future structure, the amount of required materials and consistently carry out all stages of production.

The beginning of the correct reinforcement of the strip foundation

To perform the work, hot-rolled steel of periodic profile of classes A3 and high-strength wire BP are used. The choice of diameters depends on the expected (design) load on the base. Installation work is carried out directly on the construction site.

After purchasing and delivering the material to the construction site, you must do the following with it:

• arrange by diameter;
• clean from dirt;
• align the rods (if required);
• cut workpieces of a given size.

The finished elements are assembled into a single structure with a viscous overlap. The reinforcing belt consists of two rows of vertical metal rods connected by horizontal ones.

Laying the finished reinforcement cage

Before proceeding with the installation of reinforcement blocks, it is necessary to install the formwork. Next, two belts are installed: lower (above the ground) and upper. Each layer is poured with concrete.

The work process itself consists of the following stages:

• drive clamps (pieces of rods) into the ground at the bottom of the foundation to form a protective layer of concrete;
• sequentially, lay all frame blocks;
• connect all joints of the nodes with knitting wire;
• check the installed elements.

Knitting steel frame

The best option is a strip foundation reinforced in a rectangle or square. This is due to the ability to easily identify and install the axes. Knitting is a labor-intensive process, but is considered effective.

The work is carried out manually, using a special hook or pliers.

For greater stability, the reinforcing frame is connected with a cage, and the corners are positioned at an angle of 90 degrees.

A piece of wire up to 30-50 cm long is cut, folded in the center and applied to the joint. Then, a hook is threaded into the resulting loop, the ends of the rods are inserted into it, which are subsequently turned out all the way, forming a strong bond.

There is another way of knitting - using mechanical tools: a screwdriver (special attachment) and an electric hook. In this case, the technological process is significantly accelerated.

It is more difficult to carry out reinforcement work at the ends of the foundation. Here it is advisable to use bent rods that reliably connect the adjacent ones. The blanks are attached to the block using harnesses (clamp), and reinforcements (U- or L-shaped) are mounted at the joints.

Bending the reinforcement and laying it overlapping, using clamps, at a distance from a corner to 1 m significantly increases the strength of the future structure.oes here

Useful tips and tricks on how to knit reinforcement in a strip foundation

• Particular attention should be paid to the reinforcement of the corners of the building, i.e. in these areas the base bears the load in several directions.
• To avoid moisture ingress, the rods should not come into close contact with the formwork and the soil.
• The products are made from high quality metal that is rust-free and unused.
• It is not recommended to “grow” an already finished frame. There must be a calculation for any addition.
• Practical skills are required for tying reinforcement.
• During the work process, you can alternate different methods of connecting frame nodes.
• Knit reinforcement only if there are overlaps.

Correct knitting of reinforcement for a strip foundation

The stability of the foundation is determined by the quality of the materials used and careful adherence to all provisions. When manufacturing elements of reinforced frames, it is necessary to select the correct shapes and parameters. The intersection of the rods must be securely fastened.

Having finally installed and connected all the rod elements in the concreting block, it is necessary to once again check the strength of fixation of the products and the accuracy of the dimensions and position of the reinforcement, taking into account permissible deviations.

How to calculate reinforcement for a strip foundation?

The construction of the frame is not very difficult, but the accuracy of the calculations of the materials used will allow you to avoid many mistakes.

Let us define the calculations in several stages.

For horizontal installation:

• calculate the perimeter of the foundation (the length of all walls);
• add the length of the partitions;
• add both values;
• multiply the resulting number by 4 (four rows of rods are used);
• add an error (15%) for overlaps.

Arrangement of transverse and vertical reinforcement:

• determine the width and height of the foundation;
• calculate the perimeter (h*2+b*2);
• we get the number of meters of rods every 0.5 m;
• divide the length of the walls by 50 cm (recommended step);
• the result is the number of rectangles;
• add two (corners);
• similarly, we calculate the number of rods for partitions;
• adding up the results, we find the total number (of rectangles);
• knowing the pitch (2.5 m), multiply by the total;
• add for losses.

Which concrete to choose?

Before deciding on the brand of concrete, you need to know the purpose of the future building, as well as what load the foundation will bear, i.e. main support. Great importance is attached to the properties of the existing soils on the site.

For brick buildings with a height of 2 floors and above, concrete B25 (M350) will be required, and for wooden walls grade: B12.5 (M150) or B15 (M200).

The composition of the concrete mixture is standard: cement, sand, crushed stone and water. To increase the strength characteristics of the future structure, it is recommended to use special additives. Strict adherence to the proportions of the components and careful combination ensures a high-quality and homogeneous mixture.

How to calculate the cost of materials?

Today, reinforcement of various classes and rod diameters is available on the construction market. Most manufacturers offer products by weight.

Knowing the required number of metal rods in meters, you can convert the volume into kilograms. For calculations, there are standard assortments that indicate the weight (per length) of reinforcement by diameter.

The demand for strip foundations is explained by its reliability and versatility. Ease of installation, long service life and the ability to install on any type of soil make it increasingly popular.

Deservedly, the reinforcement cage plays a role here. Thanks to reinforcement, the concrete base has greater strength and stability.

Source: http://okarkase.ru/konsturkciya-doma/fundament/kak-pravilno-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-lentochnogo-fundamenta.html

How to knit reinforcement for a strip foundation

Knitting reinforcement

One of the stages of foundation construction is the creation of a reinforcement frame. It is this design that is responsible for the strength of the foundation under the house. In combination with concrete, it forms a reliable support for the walls.

Knitting reinforcing bars under a strip base is considered the most suitable way of fastening the metal base of an entire reinforced concrete structure. This option not only preserves the linear and spatial shape of the frame, but also makes it possible to balance the structure to take the optimal position under the influence of the created loads.

Correct knitting of reinforcement for a strip foundation does not allow the connected elements to move relative to each other.

Rules for reinforcing strip foundations

For greater strength and reliability of the foundation under the house, it is necessary to follow the rules for creating a reinforcing frame:

Rules for creating a reinforcing frame

• You need to use only high-quality durable fittings.
• Smooth rods should not be used for reinforcement, since in this case the adhesion of the metal and concrete mortar, and, accordingly, the strength of the entire foundation is reduced.
• It is recommended to perform the longitudinal connection using the overlapping method.
• The knitting of reinforcement in the corners of the frame and at its intersections must have special strength.

Methods and schemes for knitting reinforcement cages

Most often, the reinforcement frame is a three-dimensional box-shaped structure made of horizontal and vertical rods. There are several ways to create a metal skeleton:

• Four lattices are created from the rods, which are connected to each other, forming the edges of a rectangular box.
• Rectangles with rounded corners are made from reinforcement. Then the rectangular rings are connected on the sides using long rods.
• The most durable and expensive method is considered to be creating a frame in the form of a rectangular crystal lattice. In principle, this option repeats the previous methods, but is distinguished by greater internal reinforcement.

Wire knitting patterns

Now let’s answer the question: how to properly knit reinforcement for a strip foundation? You can connect reinforcement bars using tying wire according to several schemes:

Wire tying rules

• A dead knot.
• Cross knot.
• Double-row knot.
• Tie knots of wire in the corners.
• Knitted in a bun without pulling.

In any case, you will need a special knitting device for the job. You can purchase a tying gun for rebar in specialized construction stores. A simpler device is a crochet hook. As a last resort, you can use ordinary pliers. The classic version of tying reinforcement using wire involves performing the following steps:

• Cut a wire about 30 cm long and fold it in half.
• The wire is taken in the left hand, and the knitting device is taken in the right hand.
• The wire is brought under the connection of the reinforcing bars and the hook is inserted into the wire loop.
• The rods are wrapped around the wire and its ends are placed on a hook.
• The knitting device is turned in a clockwise direction so that the ends of the wire are wound together.
• During the knitting process, the main thing is not to overtighten the wire to avoid breaking it. According to the advice of experienced craftsmen, it is enough to make three turns of the hook.
• The hook is pulled out of the loop - the connection is complete.

The entire knitting process is very labor-intensive and time-consuming, since reinforcement of strip foundations requires volumetric frames of sufficiently large dimensions.

Step-by-step instructions for laying and tying reinforcement

Knitting a reinforcement cage and putting it in place for one person is quite difficult and inconvenient. It is best to carry out the work as a team of two or three people.

The simplest and most convenient method is considered to be tying reinforcement on the ground and then laying the finished frame elements in a trench.

You need to create a metal skeleton in a certain sequence:

1. The reinforcement bars are being prepared. To do this, you need to cut the long rods to the desired length.
2. Two long rods are laid on a flat area and their ends are aligned.
3. Stepping back about 20 cm from the edge of the rods, one of the methods is to tie horizontal struts on both sides.
4. Maintaining a distance of 20 to 40 cm, tie similar spacers along the entire length. The result is one frame element.
5. To get the second part, you need to repeat the steps.
6. Next you need to fasten both parts together. To do this, two horizontal struts are tied along the edges of the structures.
7. Now the frame is tied along its entire length in the same way.
8. Pads with a height of about 5 cm are installed at the bottom of the trench. The bottom row of the frame will lie on these pads. Supports are installed on the sides of the trench to hold the mesh in the desired position.
9. Next, measure the unknitted corners and joints and cut off the corresponding pieces of reinforcement. These sections will be used to link the mesh collected on the ground into a single structure.
10. The reinforcement is knitted using the overlapping method. First, the lower turns are tied, then they move on to the vertical posts, and lastly, the upper turns are knitted.

Other methods of connecting reinforcement

Tying reinforcement is considered the most reliable way to connect reinforcement bars when creating a frame for a strip foundation. However, there are other options for mounting a metal skeleton:

• Using welding equipment. Having a welding machine in your arsenal and some skills in working with it, you can quickly and easily create a frame for a foundation from metal rods. But in this case, it is worth taking into account the features of such a reinforcement connection. First, welding thins the metal, making it more brittle. Secondly, the welded frame will be reliable only if the metal and electrodes are correctly selected, and all norms and rules are followed.
• Overlapping connection. This method involves not a transverse, but a longitudinal connection of the rods. In this case, individual ends of the reinforcement have an outlet of at least 15 cm for subsequent winding with wire.
• Using plastic band clamps. This method can be used when building foundations for small structures. Connecting with plastic clamps makes the knitting process somewhat easier. However, it is worth remembering that such a frame is less resistant to loads, and under the influence of low temperatures the plastic may burst.
• Using clamps or brackets made of plastic or steel.

Knitting composite reinforcement

One type of composite reinforcement is fiberglass elements, which have recently become very popular in the construction of foundations. This is explained by the presence of some advantages:

• Lower price.
• Light weight.
• Not affected by corrosion.
• High strength characteristics.

The connection of fiberglass reinforcement is carried out according to the same rules as metal rods. But you should choose methods that exclude bending of the rods, since fiberglass is easy to break when bent.

Modern reinforcing material can be knitted using traditional knitting wire. However, the most effective is the use of special clamps, for the manufacture of which molded polyethylene is used.

Tying reinforcement for a strip foundation is not a complicated process, but it requires careful attention to each element. The strength and reliability of the foundation and the future structure as a whole depends on the correct knitting of the reinforcement frame.

Source: https://StroykaRecept.ru/fundament/montazh/kak-vyazat-armaturu-dlya-lentochnogo-fundamenta.html