How to properly connect a welding machine

Is it possible to use welding in a private home? — Handyman's Handbook

 Dear visitors, dear friends!!!

Previously, you familiarized yourself with a short training course on repairing household electrical appliances, as well as electrical work in a private home, country house, and so on. From previous topics, in particular on the repair of household appliances, questions have been and are still being received regarding both electrical engineering and mechanics (repair of semi-automatic washing machines). The site is technical and not all information is included in its content.

  In addition to topics related to the repair of household appliances, in our everyday life we ​​are faced with other important issues, for example, issues related to a private home, these are:

and electric welding. Let's start with the simplest everyday question, how to make a swing with your own hands from metal .

So, one of us showed a great desire to make a swing on our personal plot in a private house or in the country. Of course, when making a swing, we take into account the capabilities and availability of material. If you have a welding machine, metal material and the necessary welding accessories, then why not make your wish come true?  

To carry out welding work at home, they usually use a mobile welding station, this is the welding machine itself and the corresponding extension cord (if necessary) to which the welding machine is connected.

Accordingly, to carry out welding work, you will need welding accessories:

• overalls made of thick tarpaulin;
• electric holder;
• shield;
• welding wires

and, of course, an electric welder’s tool (hammer for knocking down slag, chisel, steel brush for cleaning the surface).

Fig.1

Let's take a look at some electrical holders. Figure 1 shows the design diagrams of electrical holders:

and clamping (when viewed from top to bottom). Typically, every electric welder gets used to his welding accessories. A more convenient and suitable option for me is a fork electric holder.

This photograph (photo No. 1) shows the final result of such work, that is, a functioning swing. The material used is so-called metal waste:

• unsuitable metal pipes for heating;
• scraps from a metal corner;
• old, rusty chain

and small scraps from metal rods. The swing seat is made from:

• corners;
• metal rods,

then covered with wooden slats. Next, two metal rings are welded to the crossbar, into which rings with a chain are inserted, and chain links are welded to the metal frame of the seat.

Now, specifically about how to choose a welding machine for welding work (at home, in the country).

How to choose a welding machine

I would like to add that the metal structure of the swing was welded in the lower position; the metal structure had to be turned over to make it easier to apply welds. Then, the swing was installed on metal supports made in advance in the ground, and the swing stands themselves were welded directly to these metal supports (for reliable stability).

When working with welding, metal was used with a thickness of up to 4 mm and, accordingly, electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm were used for the work. The welding machine in your household should be small, on casters (for ease of movement) and, of course, with a sufficient range on the welding machine to adjust the strength of the welding current.

photo No. 2

The photo shows the welding machine “Vulcan 160” (photo No. 2), this welding machine is fifteen years old, if not more, since it was purchased secondhand, that is, it was previously used by the former owner and, which is typical, it has never had to repair it.

Connecting the welding machine

To purchase a welding machine for your home, as you know, you need 220 V. An important or significant issue is the correct connection of this electrical equipment. Is it possible to connect a 220 V welding machine to an outlet (at home, in the country)? Which outlet can the welding machine be connected to? How to connect a welding machine without connecting to an outlet? Is there another way to connect the welding machine?

photo No. 3

— I think that for you, friends, this will also be valuable information. I answer the questions I asked myself:

1. It is not advisable to connect a welding machine (220 V) to a regular home electrical outlet, since the cross-section of the wiring will not correspond to the load created when performing welding work. Especially, this will negatively affect electrical connections (in the junction box and other electrical installation products);
2. the welding machine can be connected to a power outlet if an appropriate electrical cable is drawn from this outlet and the cable wires are connected through busbars with residual current circuit breakers;
3. the welding machine can be connected to the contacts of single-pole residual current circuit breakers, that is, where the load is directly connected;
4. It is not allowed to connect the welding machine in any other way, as it will look illegal and, accordingly, you can subject yourself to a significant fine.

The photograph (photo No. 3) shows the connection of the welding machine cable to the residual current circuit breakers, that is, to the load. This does not look very convenient; it is advisable to connect the welding machine in the following way:

rice. 2

The electrical diagram (Fig. 2), as you understand, gives us an explanation of how to connect the electric meter to the power supply and to the load. It will be most convenient to make a sequential chain of connections (electricity meter - residual current circuit breakers - zero and phase buses), and the load is connected directly to the buses:

• for indoors at home;
• for connecting a welding machine;
• for connecting a circular

and so on.

phase and zero buses

Phase and neutral buses are also selected taking into account the expected load. Residual current circuit breakers and busbars are usually mounted on a DIN rail (photo No. 4), which is installed inside the distribution wall cabinet.

photo No. 4

A wall-mounted distribution cabinet is convenient both for connecting the load and is necessary to comply with safety regulations. As you noticed, from photograph No. 3, the wire connections do not look neat. The fact is that all the electrics of a private house, like the house itself, are all temporary, that is, the foundation has been poured along the perimeter at a distance from the walls of the old house and it is planned to build a new house.

 Arc voltage. Welding current

To perform welding work, you need to set the welding mode on the welding machine, based on the thickness of the metal.

photo No. 4

For the Vulcan 160 welding machine, the range of adjustable current is clearly shown - from 80 to 160 (photo No. 4). What do you need to know to handle the welding machine? Here you need to know a little theory that the welding mode includes such parameters as:

1. arc voltage;
2. electrode diameter;
3. welding current strength

and welding speed.

The current strength is taken depending on the diameter of the electrode. The electrode is selected taking into account the thickness of the metal being welded. When the metal thickness is 4 mm, an electrode with a diameter of 4 mm is used; when the metal thickness is slightly more than 4 mm, an electrode with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm is used.  

Welding of metals. Welding seams

The following photographs (photos Nos. 5, 6, 7) show lap welded joints; different metal materials were used, whatever was available. To increase the length, metal pipes with an angle were used. The stiffening ribs (photo No. 7) were welded from scraps of a metal corner and, in general, it turned out to be a good swing for both children and adults, who can simply relax.

photo No. 5

photo No. 6

photo No. 7

Briefly about the welded joints, which are shown in Fig. 3, the following connections are shown from left to right:

• butt;
• overlap;
• corner;
• end

and the last picture on the right is a T-joint.

rice. 3

photo #8

The last photograph (photo No. 8) contains the following image:

• to secure the swing posts, four holes about 50 cm deep were dug in the ground;
• the holes were filled with concrete;
• Four reinforcement bars were inserted into the concrete solution for each hole;
• A metal plate (a piece of sheet metal, 4 mm thick) was welded to four reinforcements.

The entire described structure as a whole is a metal stool; the structure (stand) of the swing was welded to the so-called seat (plane).

When working with welding, based on your experience, you will already be able to guide yourself - for which welding you need to add or reduce the strength of the welding current. Everything, as usual, is acquired with skills.  

Further, this direction will be expanded. Follow the section.

Source: https://reminform.com/mozhno-li-polzovatsya-svarkoy-v-chastnom-dome/

How to connect a welding machine plus and minus

You bought a welding machine and want to learn how to weld with an inverter for beginners.

There is no need to be afraid of difficulties! The inverter machine is easy to use; anyone without experience or knowledge can master the welding process in a short time.

Equipment, equipment, safety precautions

Safety precautions. Welding production is associated with electrical voltage, or in common parlance - current. The current is invisible, but can kill a person.

We check the welding cables for serviceability and connect them to the inverter equipment. Return cable with a clothespin on metal to the negative connector. Cable with electrode holder to connector +. We insert the electrode into the electrode holder.

When connecting the device to the network, visually evaluate the current-carrying cables for serviceability. After making sure that the cables are in good condition, we plug in the plug into the socket and the toggle switch on the device, having previously set the current regulator to the lowest value. If the cooling fan starts working smoothly, without crackling or noise, then everything is fine.

Metal weight. When connecting heavy structures, take precautions. If multi-ton products collapse, they can lead to death or disability.

Equipment. Welding production involves high temperatures. The welder must have:

• canvas mittens (gaiters);
• robe (special suit);
• mask with a light filter;
• respirator for work in confined spaces;
• boots with rubber soles.

Gaiters are used when welding at heights, when arms are raised up, and mittens in other cases.

• welding machine;
• hammer;
• brush;
• electrodes.

Electrodes are selected according to the metal (carbon content, additives) and diameter, depending on the thickness of the metal and the technical characteristics of the inverter.

Inverter Welding Basics

For beginners, experienced welders advise attaching the holder cable to the body, pressing it with the elbow of the arm and wrapping it along the forearm (from the elbow to the hand), and taking the holder in your hand. This way the shoulder joint will pull the cable, and the arm and hand will remain free.

The method will help you manipulate your hand with ease.

Correct placement of the cable on the forearm. You should not work with bare hands.

If you simply take the holder in your hand without wrapping the cable around your forearm, then during the welding process your hand will get tired and wrist movements will cause the cable to dangle. Which will affect the quality of the welded joint.

How to cook using inverter welding correctly? We set the welding current on the machine according to the diameter of the electrode, the type of connection and the welding position. Setup instructions are available on the device and the electrode pack. We take a stable stance, move our elbow away from the body (no pressing), put on a mask and begin the process.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dR1RfoteHc

For beginners, it is better to start welding with an inverter with metal workpieces larger than 20 cm.

It is known that a beginner, putting on a mask and lighting an arc, stops breathing, trying to boil the entire length of the workpiece in one breath. With short products, you will develop the habit of cooking in one go. Therefore, practice on long workpieces, learning to breathe properly when welding.

Workpieces (plates) on the work table can be placed in a horizontal plane - vertically towards you or horizontally, it makes no difference.

At the beginning of welding, place the electrode clamped in the holder at an angle of 90 degrees (perpendicular) and move it towards the seam by 30-45 degrees. Light the arc and start moving.

1. If welding is performed at an angle backwards, then the tilt of 30-45 degrees goes towards the seam.
2. If the connection occurs at an angle forward, then the electrode is tilted away from the seam.

The distance between the surface to be welded and the electrode is 2-3 mm, imagine that you are running a pencil along a sheet of paper.

Please note that when welding, the electrode decreases as it burns - gradually bring the melting rod closer to the surface at a distance of 2-3 mm and maintain an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees.

Watch a useful video on how to learn how to weld with electric welding for beginners:

How can a beginner learn to weld with a welding inverter?

First we learn to light and hold an arc. Feel the edge when to bring the electrode closer to the surface to be welded during combustion so that the arc does not interrupt.

The electrode is ignited in two ways:

The new electrode ignites easily. A slag film appears on the working rod, preventing ignition. You just need to tap longer to break the film.

1. To facilitate arc ignition, inverter devices have a built-in Hot Start function.
2. If a beginner quickly brings the electrode closer to the surface, the Arc Force function (arc force, anti-sticking) is activated, increasing the welding current, preventing the electrode from sticking.
3. If the melting rod gets stuck, the Anti Stick function cuts off the current, preventing the inverter from overheating.

What is arc force on a welding inverter and how to use it.

It is better for a beginner to first learn on a thread seam; the electrode is held smoothly, without oscillatory movements.

After mastering thread technology, proceed to welding metal with oscillatory movements. Which are used on thick metal for heating, holding the electrode at a certain point using movements - herringbone, zigzags, spiral or your own method.

Source: https://crast.ru/instrumenty/kak-podkljuchat-svarochnyj-apparat-pljus-i-minus

Connecting a welding machine to a household network - Metalworker's Guide

When connecting to a power source and using inverter welding equipment, it is necessary to follow a number of rules that are not only necessary for the safe operation of the device, but can also significantly extend its service life. These rules are suitable for all welding inverters, regardless of type (professional, industrial or household).

Recommendations for the safe operation of the device can be divided into categories:

• sockets and plugs
• wiring
• cables
• voltage and power
• extension cords

In addition, it is necessary to separately consider connecting the welding inverter to the network and to the electric generator.

Network connection

Connecting the welding inverter to the network is possible at a voltage of 220 or 380 V. In this case, it is necessary to take into account a number of external factors and conditions that may affect the service life of the device.

The only elements in the inverter connection diagram that are unlikely to cause problems are the connecting cable and plug. Of course, if they are not damaged. Each manufacturer carefully calculates the maximum power of the device, and the cable and plug can withstand it without problems. Things are a little more complicated with the other elements.

And the first of them is wiring in the room in which welding work is carried out. It is designed for a certain maximum power, upon reaching or exceeding which the protective device is triggered.

The protective device can be either a complex automated unit or an ordinary household plug.

The standard value for most elements of a modern household electrical network is 16 A - this is how much wiring, sockets and plugs can withstand without damage. Therefore, some powerful welding inverters are capable of triggering the protective system when turned on. You should immediately check whether the local network can handle it.

Welding at home with mains power is not always possible

In this case, insufficient voltage should not cause malfunctions in the inverter itself. Such devices are equipped with several levels of protection. Therefore, if the voltage is too low (for example, 190 V), the unit simply will not turn on. The same will happen in the following cases:

1. Wiring cross-section is too small

2. Network overload

3. Faulty fuse

Almost all popular welding inverters work with low-frequency (50 Hz) current, converting it into high-frequency (20-80 kHz).

Connection to an electrical generator

Connection to an electric generator is necessary in the following cases:

• lack of electrical network
• Wiring cross-section is too small (voltage decreases due to resistance)
• Triggering of the protective device when the inverter is turned on
• network overload, power surges
• other options in which connecting the inverter to the network is impossible

The main characteristic that influences the possibility of using a particular electric generator with a specific inverter is power. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account not only the average, but also the maximum power taken with a reserve.

Unfortunately, in most cases, manufacturers do not indicate all the necessary parameters in the technical documentation of the device. But you can calculate the generator power yourself. To do this, you just need to find out the operating current of the inverter.

It is often in the range of 100 to 200 A.

For example, let's take an operating current of 150 A and an arc voltage of 25 V (standard value). We multiply these numbers by each other, take into account the efficiency (on average - 90%), we get 150x25/0.9=4166 W. We also add 25% to this value so that the generator does not have to operate at full power (this can reduce its service life), and we get 4166+4166x0.25=5207 W. This is exactly the kind of generator you will need for an inverter with an operating current of 150 A.

Selecting the connecting cable

Professionals prefer KG as a connecting cable

The connecting cable goes from the inverter to the electrode holder. Most professional welders use KG or KOG1 (a more flexible variety). The KG brand has a cross-section range from 1x16 to 1x95. At the same time, KG 1x16 can withstand loads of up to 189 A, and KG 1x25 – up to 240 A, which is enough for most situations.

Using an extension cord

An extension cord is something that increases the resistance of a wire due to its extra length. As a result, the voltage and current drops. There may be a problem with the direction of the arc. To solve it, you will have to increase the current on the inverter and force it to work at its maximum capabilities. This negatively affects the service life of the product.

Therefore, if possible, it is better to avoid using an extension cord. But there are situations in which this is not possible. In this case, you should be guided by the maximum length of a wire of a certain cross-section at which the voltage will be sufficient for comfortable operation. For example, for an inverter with an operating current of 150 A, a wire with a length of 20 m and a cross-section of 2 square meters. mm will not create problems during operation.  

Source: https://ssk2121.com/podklyuchenie-svarochnogo-apparata-k-bytovoy-seti/

How to use a welding machine: arc welding instructions for beginners

The need to cook something usually appears in summer cottages and in private homes. It is not profitable to hire specialists and pay for their work every time, so it is better to learn how to use a welding machine yourself. It is better to purchase a small, lightweight inverter that will allow you to make a neat seam without any special skills.

The welding machine is called an inverter because of its operating principle. The device converts alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz into a higher frequency, and then into direct current. Welding has a high efficiency - over 85%, but at the same time the readings on the meter change slowly.

Most devices are suitable for use in a household network with a voltage of 220 V, some devices are intended for industrial use. Welding does not reduce voltage, and it also works silently, so neighbors will not be unhappy with the repair.

And the devices can also function when the network power is reduced, which is important for residents of rural areas. An inverter welding machine for beginners is the best option. It works softly and forms an arc easily.

The device is easy to hold and operate.

Tools and equipment

First you need to select the device itself. You should not choose expensive models, since the skills of the craftsman are valued more expensive than the quality of the instrument. But cheap models are not suitable for work either. They are less reliable, and they also do not have ignition facilitation circuits. This makes the device dangerous in the hands of an inexperienced welder.

When purchasing, pay attention to the current adjustment range. For welding and cutting steel, you can use a device with a maximum current of 160 A, but it can be overloaded. The continuous switching indicator determines the duration of operation of the device; it decreases as the current increases.

If you choose a powerful device, then at constant voltage it will work for a long time without interruption. An electric welding device for beginners should have a maximum rating of 200 A. Devices with open circuit voltage will help to hold the arc and develop ignition skills.

Masters will also need:

• welding glasses or mask;
• special robe;
• canvas leggings.

A work mask is essential equipment for a welder. It protects the face and eyes from bright flashes, sparks and ultraviolet radiation, which is formed by the arc. The robe can be replaced with thick clothing made from natural cotton.

Before work, you need to remove all flammable objects from the welding site. The ignition of the arc begins only after the master puts on the mask. The first outbreaks can cause serious damage to the eyes, damaging the retina.

The consequences of burns will not appear immediately, but only the next day.

Instructions for Beginners

Before starting welding, you need to understand the structure of the apparatus. A novice master will not inspect the internal parts, he will only pay attention to the external elements that need to be worked with . Structure of the welding device:

• network indicator;
• overheat protection sensor;
• welding current regulator;
• two cable connectors;
• ventilation grilles for cooling;
• shoulder strap.

The device itself resembles a small metal box, the weight of which depends on the power. On the front wall there is a power switch, as well as overheating and power indicators. The power cable connects to the back of the device. Clamp and ground cables are connected to the connectors.

An arc forms between the electrode and the metal , and it is this that melts the metal using high temperature. If the electrode is connected to the negative pole, and the parts are connected to the positive pole, then the connection is called direct. In the opposite case - the reverse, which is used for working with thin metals.

The element connected to the second pole heats up faster. Strong materials need to be melted to form a neat seam; thin materials need to be connected to the negative, as they can burn out.

Formation of seams

The electrode contains a core and a lubricant that prevents oxygen from entering the welding area. When the core and metal come together, an arc is formed. The lubricant ignites and changes into liquid and gaseous states. The gases form a weld pool surrounding the work area. The liquid creates a protective layer on the metal surface. Then it cools and turns into a crust on the seam.

To form a neat seam, you need to weld it correctly with a welding machine. It is necessary to heat both metal parts evenly, melting them at the same distance from the edge. During the entire process, keep the electrode at the same distance from the part.

To do this, it is gradually moved forward while it melts. You can make the seam wider by drawing shapes with an electrode - zigzags, triangles.

Work begins with igniting the arc. To do this, you need to tap or strike the electrode several times on the part. Then they master the movements by drawing rollers or a herringbone pattern on the metal with the device. Use chalk to draw a line along which the seam will go. At the point where the arc is ignited, the steel is covered with slag, which is carried along the drawn line.

The electrode is constantly kept at one angle. The distance between the device and the part should reach 3 mm, then the seam will be smooth. You can quickly learn how to work with metal thanks to the electric arc welding instructions for beginners.

Source: https://220v.guru/elementy-elektriki/svarka/kak-nachinayuschim-pravilno-polzovatsya-svarochnym-apparatom.html

DIY welding machine: simple assembly instructions

Due to the fact that ordinary people often need to work with metal in everyday life, many people use welding units. But not everyone can afford to purchase expensive equipment, which is why the question arises of how to assemble a welding machine with your own hands. The manufacturing process will differ depending on the type and design features of the welding device.

Types of Welding Machines

The modern market is filled with a fairly wide variety of welding machines, but not everything is advisable to assemble with your own hands.

Depending on the operating parameters of the devices, the following types of devices are distinguished:

• on alternating current - delivering alternating voltage from the power transformer directly to the welding electrodes;
• on direct current - producing constant voltage at the output of the welding transformer;
• three-phase – connected to a three-phase network;
• inverter devices - delivering pulsed current to the work area.

The first version of the welding unit is the simplest; for the second, you will need to modify the classic transformer device with a rectifier unit and a smoothing filter. Three-phase welding machines are used in industry, so we will not consider the manufacture of such devices for domestic needs.

An inverter or pulse transformer is a rather complex device, so to assemble a homemade inverter you must be able to read schematics and have basic skills in assembling electronic boards.

Since the basis for creating welding equipment is a step-down transformer, we will consider the manufacturing order from the simplest to the more complex.

AC

Classic welding machines operate on this principle: the voltage from the primary winding of 220 V is reduced to 50 - 60 V on the secondary winding and is supplied to the welding electrode with the workpiece.

Before you start making, select all the necessary elements:

• Magnetic core - stacked cores with a sheet thickness of 0.35 - 0.5 mm are considered more profitable, since they provide the least losses in the iron of the welding machine. It is better to use a ready-made core made of transformer steel, since the tightness of the plates plays a fundamental role in the operation of the magnetic circuit.
• Wire for winding coils - the cross-section of the wires is selected depending on the magnitude of the currents flowing in them.
• Insulating materials - the main requirement for both sheet dielectrics and the native coating of wires is resistance to high temperatures. Otherwise, the insulation of the semi-automatic welding machine or transformer will melt and a short circuit will occur, which will lead to breakdown of the device.

Source: https://www.asutpp.ru/kak-sobrat-svarochnyy-apparat-svoimi-rukami.html

DIY DC welding machine: my diagram

20 years ago, at the request of a friend, I built him a reliable welder to work on a 220-volt network. Before this, he had problems with his neighbors due to a voltage drop: an economical mode with current regulation was required.

After studying the topic in reference books and discussing the issue with colleagues, I prepared an electrical control circuit using thyristors and installed it.

In this article, based on personal experience, I tell you how I assembled and configured a DC welding machine with my own hands based on a homemade toroidal transformer. It came out in the form of a small instruction.

I still have the diagram and working sketches, but I can’t provide photographs: there were no digital devices then, and my friend moved.

Versatile capabilities and tasks performed

A friend needed a machine for welding and cutting pipes, angles, sheets of different thicknesses with the ability to work with 3÷5 mm electrodes. Welding inverters were not known at that time.

We settled on the DC design, as it is more universal and provides high-quality seams.

Thyristors removed the negative half-wave, creating a pulsating current, but did not smooth out the peaks to an ideal state.

The welding output current control circuit allows you to adjust its value from small values ​​for welding up to 160-200 amperes required when cutting with electrodes. She:

• made on a board from thick getinax;
• covered with a dielectric casing;
• mounted on the housing with the output of the adjusting potentiometer handle.

The weight and dimensions of the welding machine were smaller compared to the factory model. We placed it on a small cart with wheels. To change jobs, one person rolled it freely without much effort.

The power cord was connected through an extension cord to the connector of the input electrical panel, and the welding hoses were simply wound around the body.

Simple design of DC welding machine

Based on the installation principle, the following parts can be distinguished:

• homemade transformer for welding;
• its power supply circuit is from network 220;
• output welding hoses;
• power unit of a thyristor current regulator with an electronic control circuit from a pulse winding.

Pulse winding III is located in power zone II and is connected through capacitor C. The amplitude and duration of the pulses depend on the ratio of the number of turns in the capacitor.

How to make the most convenient transformer for welding: practical tips

Theoretically, you can use any model of transformer to power the welding machine. The main requirements for it:

• provide arc ignition voltage at idle speed;
• reliably withstand the load current during welding without overheating the insulation from prolonged operation;
• meet electrical safety requirements.

In practice, I have come across different designs of homemade or factory-made transformers. However, they all require electrical engineering calculations.

I have been using a simplified technique for a long time, which allows me to create fairly reliable transformer designs of medium accuracy class. This is quite enough for household purposes and power supplies for amateur radio devices.

It is described on my website in an article about making a transformer soldering iron Moment with your own hands. This is an average technology. It does not require clarification of the grades and characteristics of electrical steel. We usually don’t know them and cannot take them into account.

Features of core manufacturing

Craftsmen make magnetic wires from electrical steel of various profiles: rectangular, toroidal, double rectangular. They even wind coils of wire around the stators of burnt-out powerful asynchronous electric motors.

We had the opportunity to use decommissioned high-voltage equipment with dismantled current and voltage transformers. They took strips of electrical steel from them and made two donut rings out of them. The cross-sectional area of ​​each was calculated to be 47.3 cm2.

They were insulated with varnished cloth and secured with cotton tape, forming a figure of a reclining figure eight.

They began to wind the wire on top of the reinforced insulating layer.

Secrets of the power winding device

The wire for any circuit must have good, durable insulation, designed to withstand long-term operation when heated. Otherwise, it will simply burn during welding. We proceeded from what was at hand.

We received a wire with varnish insulation, covered with a fabric sheath on top. Its diameter - 1.71 mm is small, but the metal is copper.

Since there was simply no other wire, they began to make the power winding out of it with two parallel lines: W1 and W'1 with the same number of turns - 210.

The core donuts were mounted tightly: this way they have smaller dimensions and weight. However, the flow area for the winding wire is also limited. Installation is difficult. Therefore, each power half-winding was separated into its own magnetic circuit rings.

In this way we:

• doubled the cross-section of the power winding wire;
• saved space inside the donuts to accommodate the power winding.

Wire alignment

You can get a tight winding only from a well-aligned core. When we removed the wire from the old transformer, it turned out to be bent.

We figured out the required length in our minds. Of course it wasn't enough. Each winding had to be made from two parts and spliced ​​with a screw clamp directly on the donut.

The wire was stretched along its entire length on the street. We picked up the pliers. They clamped the opposite ends and pulled with force in different directions. The vein turned out to be well aligned. They twisted it into a ring with a diameter of about a meter.

Technology of winding wire on a torus

For the power winding, we used the rim or wheel winding method, when a large-diameter ring is made of wire and wound inside the torus by rotating one turn at a time.

The same principle is used when putting a winding ring on, for example, a key or keychain. After the wheel is inserted inside the donut, they begin to gradually unwind it, laying and fixing the wire.

This process was well demonstrated by Alexey Molodetsky in his video “Winding a torus on a rim.”

This work is difficult, painstaking, and requires perseverance and attention. The wire must be laid tightly, counted, the process of filling the internal cavity must be monitored, and the number of turns wound must be recorded.

How to wind a power winding

For it, we found a copper wire of a suitable cross-section - 21 mm2. We estimated the length. It affects the number of turns, and the no-load voltage necessary for good ignition of the electric arc depends on them.

Typically reference books recommend 60-70 volts. One experienced welder told us that in our case 50 would be enough. We decided to check it, and if it wasn’t enough, then increase the winding further.

We made 48 turns with the middle terminal. In total, there were three ends on the donut:

• middle - for direct connection of the “plus” to the welding electrode;
• the outer ones - to the thyristors and after them to ground.

Since the donuts are fastened together and the power windings are already mounted on them along the edges of the rings, the winding of the power circuit was carried out using the “shuttle” method. The aligned wire was folded like a snake and pushed through the holes of the donuts for each turn.

The middle point was unsoldered using a screw connection and insulated with varnished cloth.

Reliable welding current control circuit

The work involves three blocks:

1. stabilized voltage;
2. formation of high-frequency pulses;
3. separation of pulses into circuits of thyristor control electrodes.

Voltage stabilization

An additional transformer with an output voltage of about 30 V is connected from the power winding of the 220 volt transformer. It is rectified by a diode bridge based on D226D and stabilized by two zener diodes D814V.

In principle, any power supply with similar electrical characteristics of current and output voltage can work here.

Pulse block

The stabilized voltage is smoothed by capacitor C1 and supplied to the pulse transformer through two bipolar transistors of direct and reverse polarity KT315 and KT203A.

Transistors generate pulses to the primary winding Tr2. This is a toroidal type pulse transformer. It is made of permalloy, although a ferrite ring can also be used.

Winding of three windings was carried out simultaneously with three pieces of wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm. Made 50 turns. The polarity of their inclusion matters. It is shown by dots in the diagram. The voltage on each output circuit is about 4 volts.

Windings II and III are included in the control circuit for power thyristors VS1, VS2. Their current is limited by resistors R7 and R8, and part of the harmonic is cut off by diodes VD7, VD8. We checked the appearance of the pulses with an oscilloscope.

In this chain, the resistors must be selected for the voltage of the pulse generator so that its current reliably controls the operation of each thyristor.

The unlocking current is 200 mA, and the unlocking voltage is 3.5 volts.

Welding current regulation

Variable resistor R2, with its resistance, determines the position of each pulse passed through the control electrode of the thyristor. The shape of the pulsating current at the output of the power circuit of the welding machine depends on it.

Half-sine ripples can pass through completely when the welding current is set to maximum or be cut off to almost zero.

Personal impressions of use

When the DC welding machine was made with our own hands, we began to study its capabilities. First of all, we experimented with the polarity of the electrode connection and identified a pattern.

The electrode can be supplied with “plus” - direct polarity or “minus” - reverse polarity. In this case, the depth of weld penetration changes. With reverse polarity it increases by about 40-50%.

Our welding machine allows you to weld with 3 mm electrodes, providing a welding current of 80 amperes for quite a long time. The heating of the structure does not exceed operating conditions. At the same time, the load in the household wiring network is maintained at a level of up to 20 A.

If there is a need to use 4 mm electrodes or increase the welding current, then it is necessary to organize breaks in work to cool the machine. Ours is natural: due to cracks and holes.

The cooling system can be enhanced by forced ventilation by blowing. But we did not deal with this issue.

I show the scanned handwritten text of a preserved document. It may be useful for repetition.

And now I recommend watching the video by the owner of zxDTCxz “Welding machine based on a toroidal magnetic core.” It contains many useful recommendations.

If you still have questions on the topic, then ask them in the comments, I will answer.

Source: https://HouseDiz.ru/svarochnyj-apparat-postoyannogo-toka-svoimi-rukami-moya-sxema/

Is it possible to connect the welding machine to a 220 V household network? — Website about

Welding equipment today comes in many varieties. But inverter devices have gained the greatest popularity among home DIYers due to their compactness and versatility.

A welding inverter is equipment that allows a master to perform various types of welding work.

But to carry them out efficiently, it is not enough to have an expensive unit; you also need to learn how to use a welding machine.

Installation and connection of the unit

To use an inverter efficiently and safely, you first need to properly prepare it for operation. This process is carried out in several stages. The first task is to install and connect the unit. Installation of the inverter must be carried out according to certain rules:

• the unit must be placed so that it is at a distance of at least 2 m from walls or any objects;
• the device must be grounded;
• the welding location must be chosen so that it is away from flammable objects;
• It is recommended to cook either on a free area or on a metal table.

The inverter can be connected both to a household network (220 V) and to a network with a voltage of 380 V, which is usually used in production. If you plan to use the unit away from electrical networks, then it can be connected to a generator, diesel or gasoline.

Electrical connection

Connecting a welding machine to a household electrical outlet often causes problems. The reason for their occurrence may be old wiring or insufficient diameter of its wires. Typically, wiring is rated for currents up to 16 A.

And since all switched on appliances in the house can exceed this value, automatic switches (automatic circuit breakers) are installed for safety reasons.

Therefore, when connecting, you need to know the power of the welding machine so that it does not trigger the machine.

Connecting the inverter to a household network

You should also pay attention to network sag. If, when you turn on the inverter, you notice a decrease in voltage in the electrical network, this indicates an insufficient cross-section of the wires.

In this case, it is necessary to measure to what values ​​the voltage drops.

If it drops to values ​​below the minimum values ​​with which the inverter can operate (indicated in the instructions), then the device cannot be connected to such a network.

Connection to generator

In cases where it is not possible to connect the device to the mains, you can connect it to a generator that runs on either gasoline or diesel fuel. Gasoline power plants are the most widespread.

But not all of them are suitable for connecting welding machines. In order for the inverter to operate effectively, the generator must have a power of at least 5 kilowatts and produce a stable output voltage .

Voltage fluctuations can damage the welder.

You should also consider what diameter electrode you will be working with. For example, if the electrode has a diameter of 3 mm, then an operating current of about 120 A with an arc voltage of 40 V will be required. If we calculate the power of the welding inverter (120 x 40 = 4800), we get a value of 4.8 kW.

Since this will be the power consumed, a power plant capable of producing only 5 kW will operate at the limit of its capabilities, which will significantly reduce its service life.

Therefore, the generator must be selected with some power reserve, approximately 20-30% higher than that consumed by the inverter.

Connecting welding cables

There are 2 terminals on the front panel of the inverter, next to which there are markings in the form of “+” and “-” signs.

Welding cables are connected to these terminals, one of which has a metal clip (clothespin) at the end, and the second has a holder for the electrode.

Both cables can be connected to both terminals, depending on the welding method, which will be discussed later. After connecting the cables to the machine, one of them, which has a clothespin, is connected to the welding table or to the workpiece.

In some cases, standard cable lengths may not be sufficient, for example when working at heights.

In such situations, the question arises: is it possible to extend the welding cable? Professionals do not advise doing this, especially if it concerns an inverter device.

This fact can be explained by the fact that each cable has certain resistance characteristics. Therefore, “leaks” of voltage and current along its entire length are inevitable. Therefore, the longer the cable, the more the voltage sags.

If you try to compensate for the loss of voltage and current by adding values ​​on the unit panel, then this measure will most likely damage the inverter electronics. It turns out that it is easier to bring the device closer to the welder’s workplace than to spend a considerable amount on repairing the unit after lengthening the cables.

Setting up the device

The quality of welding work depends on whether the welding inverter is adjusted correctly, especially with regard to the correct choice of electrodes. You should also consider:

• weld depth;
• location of the seam in space (vertical or horizontal);
• brand or type of metal being welded;
• metal thickness, etc.

You should know that corresponding electrodes are produced for each type of metal. Electrodes with a diameter of up to 5 mm can be used with inverters. But for each thickness of the equipment it is necessary to select the corresponding welding current strength. To properly set up the welding machine, you can use the table below.

For example, if you have to weld 5 mm thick mild steel with an inverter, then you should select a 3 mm electrode, and set the current on the machine to 100 A. After test welding, the current can be adjusted, that is, reduced or increased.

Safety precautions when working

The established safety rules, one might say, were written in the “blood” of the victims, and therefore it is strictly forbidden to neglect them. The health and life of not only the welding equipment operator, but also the people around him depends on their compliance. So, the safety rules include the following.

1. Before starting work, you should check the integrity of the insulation on all wires and cables connected to the device. It is also necessary to check the serviceability of the equipment, namely, make sure that the open circuit voltage is zero. In this case, there must be a working system that turns off the voltage on the electrode when the device is idle.
2. Before connecting the equipment, you should check the electrical network under load (measure the sag range).
3. To protect the retina of the eyes from ultraviolet radiation arising from the burning of a welding arc, it is necessary to use a protective mask (shield) or special glasses. Not so long ago, welding masks and glasses with “chameleon” glasses appeared on sale, which automatically darken when exposed to bright radiation. Not only the welder, but also his assistant should wear glasses or a mask.
4. If welding work is carried out indoors, then to protect the respiratory system and prevent poisoning by harmful gases, respirators with replaceable cartridges or masks through which purified air is forcedly supplied are used.
5. To protect hands from metal splashes, use special gloves - welder's gloves.
6. To protect the body, overalls, jackets and pants made of fire-resistant fabric are used.
7. To protect your feet, you need to wear high boots to prevent metal sparks from getting into them. Boots must be covered with pants.
8. The workplace should be well lit.
9. There should be a rubber mat or wooden flooring under the welder's feet to prevent a person from receiving an electric shock.
10. There should be no foreign objects around the workplace that could cause a tripping hazard.
11. Sand and a fire extinguisher should be located near the workplace to timely extinguish the source of fire.
12. Grounding the welding machine is mandatory.

If the safety rules have already been studied, then you can begin to familiarize yourself with how to properly work with electric welding.

Polarity selection

It is no secret that the process of metal melting occurs due to the high temperature of the electric arc that occurs between the material being welded and the electrode. In this case, the cable with the electrode holder and the ground cable (with a clothespin) are connected to different terminals of the device. To connect the cables correctly, you need to understand in what cases they are swapped.

When welding with an inverter or any other welding unit, direct and reverse polarity is used for connecting cables to the machine. Direct polarity is usually called a connection when the cable with the electrode is connected to the minus, and the metal being welded is connected to the plus.

This connection method allows the metal to warm up well, which results in a deep and high-quality seam. The direct polarity method is used when welding thick metal products.

Reverse polarity involves connecting the electrode cable to positive and the ground cable to negative.

With this connection, the metal heats up less, and the seam becomes wider. Reverse polarity is usually used when welding thin metal products to prevent through burning of the part.

Welding current selection

The welding current is selected taking into account the thickness of the metal to be welded and the diameter of the filler. To simplify the calculations, you can use the table that was given above in the section that discussed setting up the unit.

Also, when choosing the optimal current strength, you should remember the rule: the higher the current strength, the deeper the seam is, and the faster the electrode can be moved.

Therefore, it is necessary to achieve an ideal ratio between the speed of movement of the additive and the current strength so that the seam has the required convexity and depth sufficient for good welding of the edges of the parts.

Advice! After connecting new cables to the machine that do not exceed the recommended length, you need to measure the welding current to find out its value and adjust it if necessary.

Since the welding process is impossible without igniting the arc, you should know that there are 2 methods to do this:

• you need to hit the metal with the electrode several times until the arc ignites.
• You need to strike the metal with an electrode, like a match, several times.

Each master selects the most convenient and suitable method of igniting the arc. But you need to scratch not just anywhere, but along the line of the weld, so that no marks are left on the workpiece.

The place where metal melts under the influence of an electric arc is called a weld pool. To move it along the seam line, use one of the methods shown in the following figure.

Source: https://orensbyt.ru/elektrosnabzhenie/mozhno-li-podklyuchat-svarochnyj-apparat-k-bytovoj-seti-220-v.html

How to connect a welding machine. How to properly connect a welding machine

Today we will talk about how to independently connect a 380V welding machine for its further use. It’s worth warning right away that if the welding machine will be used at home, it is very important to know what load the machines in the electrical network of your house or apartment can withstand. And only after that choose an inverter of the desired type and power.

When choosing a welding machine, of course, you need to take into account many important characteristics. We will describe the main points that you must pay attention to when choosing this rather expensive equipment. It is important to choose a unit that can be used to perform a maximum of tasks, but also that the cost corresponds to the stated parameters.

So, what is it worth focusing on?

1. Current consumption power. For example, in order to carry out welding work at home, a welding unit with a power of up to 5 kW is sufficient. Buying a device with a higher energy consumption threshold will be a waste of money.
2. Resistant to power surges. Since in the power supply network there often occurs both a sharp drop and a sharp rise in current voltage.
3. What network voltage range is the connected welding machine designed for?

After assessing all of the listed parameters, as well as some other important conditions, you will already know how to properly connect the welding machine to the power supply. We will try to help a little with this and describe the technical key points.

Connecting equipment for welding work

Schematic diagram of the connection of the primary windings of the welding machine for voltage: a) 220 V; b) 380 V (secondary winding not specified).

At its core, a welding machine is a source of inverter welding current and a welding arc. It is clear that this arc occurs between the electrode and the metal. And the welding machine itself acts as a converter.

To determine the permissible power of the equipment for the type of electrical wiring in the room, you need to multiply the voltage value in the network by the maximum current value, which is indicated on the machine input panel of the unit for this type of work.

To connect the 380 V unit itself, the output contacts must be correctly connected to it.

It is important to establish grounding to avoid electric shock when welding.

The connection diagram for welding equipment used in everyday life will be as follows:

1. Determine the required power of the device to perform welding in accordance with what will be welded.
2. Using the current regulator knob, adjust the position of the transformer core. These actions decrease or increase the current strength.
3. If necessary, set the switch on the unit body to the 380 V position
4. Connect the two supply ends to the “phase”, and the third end to the “zero”.

Remember: the thick ends define the exit, and the thin ends define the entrance.

Return

Using cord extensions for the welding unit

As standard, such devices have a power cord ranging from 1.8 m to 2.5 m in length. But this length of the power cord may not be enough to carry out welding work on metal surfaces. But how to connect the welding unit in this case?

In such situations, extension cords are used. But using them uncontrollably is quite dangerous; preliminary calculations are required. So, with a wire cross-section of 1.5 sq. mm, the maximum current that can be passed through such a wire is 16 A.

An important detail is that the extension cord must always be unrolled. This is due to the fact that this way the wire does not overheat under load and cools down faster, which reduces the risk of fire.

In addition, in this state no additional inductive reactance is formed.

By following these simple requirements, you will be able to properly connect the welding machine and weld safely.

expertsvarki.ru

How to connect a 380 volt welding machine

Welding is a responsible and potentially dangerous process, during which many factors must be taken into account, technology and safety rules must be observed. Incorrect connection of a 380 W welding machine is the cause of sudden voltage surges, which leads to failure of household appliances, “sticking” of the electrode and accidents.

Wiring and socket requirements

According to the principle of operation, a welding machine is a current converter into a welding arc. The operating current range (equipment power) is the main characteristic of the device, which determines its technical parameters. It must be consistent with the building's electrical capabilities. To determine this, the network voltage is multiplied by the maximum permissible current value (indicated on the input panel). Compare the obtained value with the data in the equipment data sheet.

From a 220 V household outlet, you can only power an inverter device, which is a more advanced device with many settings and safety parameters. In this case, it must have a built-in refractory fuse or circuit breaker. In old houses, the wiring is designed for a maximum current of 10 A, and when the device is started, there is a jump to 40 A - in such buildings you need to connect to the panel.

A transformer device, which is designed to operate from 380 V, is connected only through the electrical panel. If the wiring is weak, it is recommended to use a gas generator.

Unit connection sequence

The general connection diagram is performed in the following sequence:

• Carry out the necessary calculations and make sure that connecting the equipment for welding to the building network is acceptable.
• Check the machines and the condition of traffic jams, make sure there are no bugs.
• Set the operating voltage required for specific work depending on the complexity, volume and type of metal. The setting adjusts the position of the transformer core.
• Turn the device switch to the 220 V or 380 V position.
• If it is possible to connect to 220 V, insert the plug into the socket.
• To connect the welding machine to a 380V network, two supply ends are supplied to the “phase”, the third – to the “zero”. It is recommended to use an industrial socket and appropriate plug.

Using extension cords

The maximum length of the device’s cord is no more than 2.5 m; it is not enough for large-scale work. In this case, the use of an extension cord is allowed to connect the welding unit. When choosing it, you must comply with the following requirements:

• The cross-section of the wire must correspond to the rule: 1 sq. mm for every 8 A;
• The total length of the supply wire is no more than 10 m.

During operation, the cable must be completely unrolled to prevent overheating and the formation of inductive reactance. Intermediate connections must be avoided - large current losses occur through them. The use of damaged wires is strictly prohibited.

Compliance with the requirements and standards during connection guarantees the subsequent safe and efficient use of the equipment.

Source: https://giropark.ru/ochistka-i-filtraciya-vody/kak-podklyuchit-svarochnyi-apparat-kak-pravilno-podklyuchit-svarochnyi.html

How to properly connect cables to a welding inverter

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To help the home craftsman: how to connect a welding inverter

Many home craftsmen have a welding unit in their workshop. It can be of different types. Today, specialized stores have quite a large selection of this equipment, including a welding inverter (image No. 1).

This is a unit that has certain advantages over other welding units. It has an attractive appearance, light weight, and great mobility.

It can be powered from a household and industrial network with a voltage of 220 V and 380 V, from batteries and generators producing a voltage of 12 V and higher.

Image 1. Diagram of the welding inverter.

Connecting the inverter to the power grid

The connecting cable supplied with the unit corresponds to the power of the device. You just need to check the technical data of the wiring in the house. It may turn out to be old and does not meet modern standards.

Nowadays, all wiring, switches and sockets, and safety devices are designed for an operating current of 16 A. Before connecting the welding inverter, you need to make sure of this. Although the installation should turn off itself if the diameter of the wires is small.

If everything is fine with the network, you can connect the inverter and do test welding.

If instead of a standard fuse, a “bug” is installed in the electrical network, the parameters of which are unknown, it is not advisable to connect the welding inverter to such a network.

Connecting the inverter to the vehicle's on-board network and to the generator

Functional diagram of the power source of an inverter welding machine.

Connecting a welding unit to a car battery is usually not difficult. Light weight of 2.5-3 kg makes it easy to transport the device to the car. Small dimensions of about 300 x 190 x 130 mm allow it not to take up much space. The connection is made as follows:

1. The inverter is connected to the battery.
2. Other necessary devices are connected.
3. If necessary, use an extension cord.
4. A test run of the machine and welding is carried out.

The device is connected to the battery using special clamps, observing polarity. The red wire clamp is connected to the positive terminal, the black wire to the negative terminal. When connecting the clamps to the terminals, a small spark may occur. If the inverter is designed for a voltage of 12 V, under no circumstances should you try to connect it to an on-board network of 24 V or more. You cannot connect multiple inverters at the same time.

Source: https://spravochnjksovetov.ru/na-kompyutere/podklyuchit/kak-pravilno-podklyuchit-kabelya-k-svarochnomu-invertoru.html

What you need to know to assemble a welding machine with your own hands

Anyone familiar with the rules of electrical installation can easily make a simple welding machine on their own. But before getting down to business, it is necessary to calculate all the components of the device. The efficiency of the device when operating from a regular household single-phase network will depend on this.

Design and principle of operation of the simplest welding machines

To obtain a stable welding arc, which will allow you to weld metal of different thicknesses, currents in the range of 70 - 150 A are required. If you use devices designed for a voltage of 220 V, then they must consume high power, in the range of 15 - 30 kW. Therefore, such installations will be cumbersome, and it will not be possible to work with them normally. But at home it will simply be impossible to connect them; standard networks are not designed for such a load.

Therefore, the main task in the design and assembly of welding machines is to provide the required current while reducing power consumption. This is only possible when performing welding work with reduced voltage on the electrodes.

The simplest welding machine has the following design:

• A step-down transformer that reduces the voltage to the limits of 55 - 70 V and at the same time increases the current strength to the required parameters. Thanks to this, it is possible to reduce energy consumption to reasonable limits.
• Current is supplied from the transformer to the electrode and the workpiece using special welding cables. They are distinguished by a larger cross-section and reinforced insulation, allowing them to work with high currents.
• For welding, you will need electrodes installed in the holder. Thanks to the coating used, they simplify the ignition and maintenance of the electric arc, which becomes the source of thermal energy necessary for melting the metal.

Welding transformer

There are no complex devices in the design of such welding machines. But during design, it is necessary to calculate the basic parameters, otherwise connecting inappropriate equipment to the network will lead to its failure, short circuits on the line, or it will simply be impossible for them to cook.

Types of welding machines

There are several main types:

Welding transformer. A step-down transformer is used for the converter.

Welding transformer

Welding inverter. An inverter power supply with PWM serves as a converter here.

Welding rectifier. This is the same as a welding transformer, only it has a diode or thyristor rectifier in the secondary circuit.

Welding rectifier

Semi-automatic Welding is carried out in an inert environment; a gas cylinder is used for this.

Also read: How to make a phase indicator with your own hands

Simplified welder calculation diagram

In practice, calculations are made based on the type and diameter of the electrodes used. Yes, there are more complex and accurate calculation formulas, but they are rarely used by amateurs. To obtain a stable and productive arc, it is necessary to obtain a current with the following indicators:

• For electrodes with a diameter of 2 mm, 30 - 80 A is sufficient.
• When the diameter increases to 3 mm, the current should increase to 70 - 130 A.
• For 4 mm electrodes, the value is set to 110 - 170 A.
• 5-mm electrodes are cooked at a current of 150 - 200 A.

The difference in current values ​​is due to working with metals of different thicknesses and physical properties.

When making a welding machine yourself, you most often have to be content with a magnetic core from other devices, which is available. Therefore, the simplest calculation will be performed based on these two known characteristics - the cross-section of the magnetic circuit and the required current strength on the secondary winding.

Please note that it is preferable to use rod-type cores to assemble the transformer. Compared to armored ones, they provide a higher current density in the windings and have increased efficiency.

Types of magnetic cores

In addition, the location of the windings on the arms of the core is also important. If the primary and secondary windings are separated into different rods, this will lead to increased magnetic dissipation due to the increased air gap. Therefore, it is considered preferable to place a part of both windings on both one and the other rod.

In this case, to determine the required number of turns of the primary winding, use the following formula:

N1 = 7440 × U1/(Sout × I2)

Where

N1 - estimated number of turns;

U1 - mains voltage (200-240V);

Source: https://OFaze.ru/svoimi-rukami/svarochnyj-apparat

How to properly connect a welding machine at home

In recent years, many home craftsmen have received an inverter welding machine at their disposal. The use of a welding machine has become very popular among residents of private houses who need to periodically repair or install various metal structures.

Typically, the power of welding machines in private homes is small and amounts to about 5 kW. However, for home wiring, using a welding machine can be quite a challenge. If you want to prevent problems with connecting the inverter, welding operation and wiring integrity, we advise you to take into account all the nuances below.

Installation of a separate socket from the electrical panel to the welding machine

Installing a separate socket for your welding machine will reduce the number of connections through screw or clamp connections in sockets and distribution boxes in the electrical wiring circuit from the electrical panel to your inverter welding machine. The best option for installing a separate outlet would be to install the outlet directly from the machine in the electrical panel.

When choosing a socket for a welding machine, you should take a 16 A socket. 10 A and 6 A sockets can eventually quickly fail and in the worst case, their use will lead to a short circuit. Also, when choosing an outlet, you should consider its installation location.

When installing indoors, you can take regular sockets without protection, but if you install an socket outside the house, you should take an socket that has additional protection in the form of a protective cover. In addition to the above installation features, you also need to take into account that if the socket is installed on a wooden surface, then under the socket you must install a gasket to the size of the socket made of asbestos plate and tin.

This plate will help protect the wooden wall from heat and possible fire, even if the socket gets very hot when the welding machine is operating.

An inverter welding machine with an output current of up to 160 A can be connected to a separate 16 A socket. This, as a rule, is quite enough for regular welding or cutting in a private home.

A machine for a separate 16-amp outlet should be taken with the same rating of 16 A.

Which cable should I use to connect the socket?

It is recommended to connect the welding machine socket to the circuit breaker using a VVGng cable with a cross-section of 2.5 mm². The VVGng cable is a copper cable with PVC insulation, non-flammable and with a low level of smoke emission in case of fire. This cable is considered one of the best ways to lay electrical wiring in terms of electrical safety. Cable laying can be done hidden under the plaster or open using a cable channel or corrugation.

Connecting the welding machine to a regular outlet in the house

If you do not have the opportunity to install a separate outlet for the welding machine, but you still need to carry out welding, then in this case it is recommended to choose the most powerful outlet in the house. If you use a socket with a low rated current, for example 6 A, then overheating, short circuit or contact melting may occur.

There may also be problems with electrical wiring and junction boxes, where clamp and screw connections can become charred and melted. In order to avoid such problems, you should limit the output current of the welding machine to no more than 80 A and carry out spot welding with a short-term operating mode. If you have work involving cutting metal, then it is better to do it with a grinder, rather than with a high-current welding machine.

It is worth noting that when using a welding machine, you need to periodically check the condition of the wires, sockets and connection points for malfunctions.

Source: https://www.volta.com.ua/blog/kak-pravilno-podklyuchit-svarochnyy-apparat-v-dome/