How to make soldering acid

Soldering acid recipes

When carrying out soldering, acidic fluxes are often used to pretreat the surface of parts. The degree of activity of the material is selected depending on the type of metal and the degree of its contamination.

There are various products on sale, the composition of which is selected taking into account the specifics of the work to be done. You can make soldering acid at home yourself.

This will require certain knowledge, basic ability to make chemical compositions and a small amount of money to purchase components.

Why is acid flux needed?

Metals include highly active substances. Many of them oxidize easily and quickly in the presence of air. The resulting oxides are converted into hydroxides under the influence of atmospheric moisture.

A mixture of oxidation products is clearly visible on iron products after storage in air. It's called rust. Other metals are also coated with an oxide layer, which prevents anything from being soldered to the product.

Acid fluxes help to cope with the problem, the simplest of which is soldering acid. Under this name, several different single-component or complex compositions are collected, many of which can be prepared with your own hands.

What can you do at home?

The degree of acidity of fluxes differs. Active mixtures include compositions with zinc chloride. From the school course, perhaps someone remembered the properties of saline solutions.

Salts tend to undergo hydrolysis in the presence of water. Zinc chloride, when exchanged with water, forms a strong acid and a weak alkali. Therefore, the solution has an active acidic character. Hydrochloric acid quickly removes oxide substances.

Typically, soldering acid is made by adding 412 g of zinc to 1 liter of concentrated hydrochloric (hydrochloride) acid. The procedure is not entirely pleasant and safe. During operation, volatile acidic vapors are released.

You should work with concentrated hodgepodge only under a hood or in a respirator, in a well-ventilated room.

With hydrochloric acid

Several formulations with zinc chloride are popular. Zinc compounds are used in the galvanizing process to protect metals from corrosion. This chemical element is known for its resistance to oxidation processes. Making soldering acids with your own hands is not difficult.

For products made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, the following ratio is suitable:

• zinc chloride – minimum 25%, maximum – 30%;
• concentrated hydrochloric acid – 0.7%.

Both components must be quickly dissolved in water. It should be noted that hydrochloric acid is a highly volatile substance. It is advisable to work with it under a hood. The bottle with the starting reagent should only be kept closed.

With Vaseline and alcohol

For parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, sometimes it is more convenient to use a paste with acidic properties instead of soldering acid.

To prepare it, you need to mix a saturated solution of zinc chloride - 3.7% and technical petroleum jelly - 85%. To give the required consistency, add a little water to the mixture.

To work with nickel, platinum and their alloys, you can make a soldering mixture with your own hands from zinc chloride - 1.4% and ethyl (wine) alcohol - 40%. Both components must be thoroughly dissolved in water and the finished soldering solution must be mixed.

After using all the above compounds, the soldering area should be rinsed well with plain water.

With rosin

For carrying out critical work with ferrous metals, soldering precious and non-ferrous metals, a paste mixture made by yourself from rosin - 24% and zinc chloride - 1% is suitable. All this must be dissolved in ethyl alcohol. At the end of the soldering procedure, you need to wash the work area with acetone.

To form a seam with increased strength characteristics, it is recommended to take:

• rosin – 16%,
• zinc chloride – 4%,
• technical petroleum jelly – 80%.

It is more difficult to rinse the soldering area after treating it with such homemade solder paste. You need to take acetone.

Experience shows that in some cases it makes sense to replace soldering acid with a corresponding acidic paste.

Homemade sour pastes

When working with aluminum parts, a flux with oleic acid is often used, the formula C17H33COOH gives an idea of ​​​​the high molecular weight. Higher acid has a viscous consistency, similar to a slightly viscous liquid.

Soldering flux is made as follows: 20 ml of oleic acid, about 3 g of lithium iodide are dissolved in a glass container in a water bath. A homogeneous solution, made with your own hands, after cooling, is poured into a glass bottle for storage.

After soldering, the working area is washed with acetone, gasoline or alcohol.

To solder nichrome, you can make a composition with your own hands from 100 g of Vaseline, 7 g of powdered zinc chloride, 7 g of glycerin.

The whole mass must be mixed well. It is advisable to do this in a thick porcelain cup or a special mortar.

Other available options

Phosphoric acid is widely used for processing iron, steel, and nickel alloys. It is often called simply phosphorus. This acid can be used to treat the surface of pure copper.

On all metals, phosphoric acid not only removes oxides, but also forms a protective layer.

During soldering work, the top layer of phosphates is easily destroyed by a heated soldering iron tip. The solder mass is evenly distributed on the processed parts. The result is a strong connection.

Perhaps the simplest option for replacing soldering acid is regular aspirin. The solution is quickly prepared with your own hands. You need to take a regular cheap tablet and dissolve it in a small amount of water. Sometimes craftsmen simply sprinkle crushed aspirin on the soldering area.

There is ready-made VTS flux on sale, which, in fact, is also soldering acid. You can make a similar product yourself.

You need to take salicylic acid, Vaseline, triethanolamine. Dissolve all components in alcohol. Flux is successfully used to work with copper, platinum, silver and their alloys.

Source: https://svaring.com/soldering/flus/recepty-pajalnoj-kisloty

How to make soldering acid with your own hands

When carrying out soldering, acidic fluxes are often used to pretreat the surface of parts. The degree of activity of the material is selected depending on the type of metal and the degree of its contamination.

There are various products on sale, the composition of which is selected taking into account the specifics of the work to be done. You can make soldering acid at home yourself.

This will require certain knowledge, basic ability to make chemical compositions and a small amount of money to purchase components.

Soldering phosphoric acid

Experienced electronics engineers and home radio amateurs know that for a high-quality connection you will need not only a soldering iron, but also additional accessories. For soldering, flux and solder are used, the latter is made on the basis of lead and tin, often offered in the form of wire. The characteristics of the ratio of wire and flux may differ in parameters depending on the type of product.

The second component is flux; a common form is used in the form of rosin. It helps to quickly and efficiently solder copper parts, wires and other materials. Soldering acid can be used to work with materials such as brass, nickel, stainless steel, etc.

Soldering acid

Features of application and soldering with soldering acid

The category into which soldering acid falls differs from other reagents and has a number of positive properties. As a flux, the product is distributed only in liquid form; some compositions can be diluted to reduce the concentration when interacting with metal. Before using the element, it is worth understanding what soldering acid is needed for.

Before soldering metals, it is necessary to prepare the areas for use. With prolonged use, metals tend to oxidize, and a layer of dirt and dust forms on them. If it is possible to deal with dirt mechanically, using sandpaper or a file, then oxides can only be removed using chemical solutions. Soldering acid helps prevent the formation of a new film and remove existing deposits.

Cleaning metal with soldering acid

Basic metals that can be treated with soldering acid:

• copper alloys of any proportions;
• iron products;
• nickel;
• all kinds of non-ferrous metal alloys;
• steel.

Brass and copper alloys can be soldered using borax. Aluminum or steel products will not be connected in any way without soldering acid. Before soldering with acid, the part is treated to remove solid deposits, and after soldering it is washed off with water with a low alkaline content. Varieties of soldering products are produced according to GOST 23178-78 standards, they have fluidity and low viscosity.

Types of soldering acids and application features

Soldering acid is divided into two main types, regardless of the scope of application, orthophosphoric and hydrochloric type. Regardless of the composition, the purpose is to remove oxides and contaminants from soldering areas. A high-quality, neat seam can only be made if the metal preparation conditions are met. The durability of materials is increased due to the formation of a protective film against oxidation on the joint surface.

It is important to know that using flux when working with electronic boards is strictly prohibited. Thin and fragile elements can be erased from the board structure; soldering acid produces conductive connections. All these factors can have a detrimental effect on the performance of the unit and the overall condition of the structure.

Zinc chloride flux

A solution of zinc chloride is used for soldering iron compounds. The composition is zinc dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The solution is made as follows:

• granular zinc is prepared;
• depending on the technical specifications, add a solution or concentrate;
• After the chemical reaction of zinc, it is possible to use a mixture.

Zinc chloride

Proportional parts are taken using the example of 1 liter of saline solution per 400 grams of granulated zinc. At the end of the work, the surface should be treated to stop the reaction; a soap solution is excellent for this. Before making it yourself, you should remember that it is important to follow the sequence. The acid is diluted with zinc, and gases are formed, resulting in a rather explosive mixture. All actions are carried out in a ventilated place.

Olein is excellent for soldering aluminum alloys. Not used in its pure form, available only in technical condition. A stable state is achieved by mixing olein with various fatty acids. Next, lithium iodide reacts, which completes the mixing of the aluminum soldering mass.

Soldering with oleic acid allows you to join materials from copper and aluminum alloys, without the formation of a chemical film and oxidation.

Oleic acid B-115

Flux is used to protect against corrosion processes at the joint; under mechanical stress, a new film is formed, which allows you to not worry about the reliability of the connection.

Instead of soldering acid, other fluxes do not have similar properties; it is possible to use machine oil with ground sawdust; the soldering process involves rubbing in the composition during joining. When heated, the oleic type of soldering acid evaporates, but the soldering area is tinned, so there is no point in worrying about the quality of the connection.

Orthophosphoric acid

When treating metals with an orthophosphorus solution, a protective film is built that prevents the formation of oxides and chemical reactions of the metal. The characteristics of the solution consist of a colorless substance, inorganic. The hygroscopic structure in the form of a paste structure reacts when heated and dissolves into a liquid composition. It has good flow properties and is easy to clean with water after use.

Soldering with phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid is used for soldering carbon and alloy steels. Copper and nickel alloys are also suitable for work; the operating temperature for soldering starts at 350 degrees. The acid film is loosened and removed to the surface by dissolving the oxide layer. Reliable soldering is achieved by forming an oxide film with orthophosphoric acid.

Flux VTS

Salicylic base, common in aspirin, is used as a component of soldering flux. It is most widely used when working with precious metals, due to its weak interaction with the particles of the product.

The main advantage is protection from oxidation of the soldering area; there is no need to remove flux, unless additional requirements are imposed.

VTS flux paste

The versatility of application and low-cost manufacturing allow the use of soldering acid based on salicylic compounds. Caustic emissions require a working hood when performing soldering operations, and the negative side is poor interaction with aluminum.

It is possible to use improvised means, just grind an aspirin tablet or another drug containing salicylic acid. The powder is applied to the soldering area; when working with wires, soldering can be done directly on the tablet. A more convenient mixture is made together with Vaseline, proportions 1 to 2; the paste can be easily applied to the soldering area with a tampon and removed when the work is completed.

Benefits of acid

Each composition has certain advantages, soldering accessories are no exception.

Soldering aluminum with acid

Main positive aspects:

• The convenience of the process, soldering allows you to process a contact in a hard-to-reach place due to its fluidity properties.
• Increased aggressiveness allows you to destroy oxide films and rust deposits. Typically, oxide films are not visible to the eye, so the connection must be processed.
• There is no need to worry about the subsequent formation of an oxide film; soldering acid counteracts this, even mechanical stress.
• The variety of metals with which it is possible to perform operations allows the solution to be used for every job.

Flaws

In addition to the positive aspects, there are also some disadvantages that can limit the use of the chemical element:

• It is strictly forbidden to use acids when working with radio circuits and small electronics. The properties of some compositions are such that the tracks are destroyed during the processing and growth of new conductive elements.
• The shelf life is underestimated due to the volatility of gases, so it will not be possible to purchase these fluxes with a reserve. There are also requirements for storage conditions, non-compliance with which can lead to damage to the material;
• The composition is harmful to humans if inhaled or in contact with skin. It is recommended to use personal protective equipment during mass work; soldering should be carried out in a well-ventilated area.

Composition and physicochemical properties

Orthophosphoric acid has the formula H3PO4, which consists of phosphorus itself and diethylamide. The proportions may vary from the required concentration, in most cases a ratio of 1 to 4 is used. There is a type of acid with zinc impurities in ratios of 1 to 2 parts of the solution.

Phosphoric acid formula

The basic properties of the material imply aggressiveness. Active interaction occurs with any material; this fact requires careful handling of compounds. During work, you must adhere to special rules, because...

a positive or negative scenario may occur. The liquid form allows the composition to penetrate into hard-to-reach places and achieve high soldering strength.

The main types of soldering acid are solutions, since a 100% concentration will not allow working with most metals.

Features of choice

The composition of soldering acid is selected in accordance with the working surface of the material. The main criterion should be the quality of the solution, because If the concentration is incorrect, you can always lower it at home. It is not permissible to use formulations with sediment or cloudiness in the container.

It is important to remember that liquid fluxes are one of the few soldering accessories that have an expiration date, which you need to pay attention to before use.

Difficult choices always haunt you when purchasing. The compositions are different, there are a large number of manufacturers on the market. It is necessary to determine what type of work will be performed; for this purpose, the purpose of the soldering acid composition is studied. Orthophosphorus compounds are the most common, they fight oxides well and are not so aggressive. Salt is more versatile, because... applies to a variety of metals. Sulfur is the most active option, used when soldering thick products.

DIY making

With some knowledge and available materials, it is possible to make soldering acid at home. The set of ingredients is not large; they can be purchased at a hardware store:

• hydrochloric acid in its pure form;
• lump zinc, which is sold by the chemical reagents department; if it is not possible to purchase, a finger-type battery is carefully opened;
• container made of glass or ceramic material.

Soldering acid is made by hand in a certain sequence. It is necessary to fill the container with pieces of zinc, then fill it with saline solution. The actions are carried out in a well-ventilated area; if the solution gets on the skin, you must immediately rinse with running water. After production, the mass is poured into an airtight container for proper storage.

Precautionary measures

Aggressive properties require a special approach to safety precautions. Storage is carried out in original packaging, protected from direct sunlight.

It is better to carry out work with good ventilation, using the necessary protective equipment.

The skin reacts negatively to aggressive substances. If it gets on your hands, wash it immediately with water and laundry soap. Inhalation may cause oral irritation, and if it gets into the eyes, seek professional help.

Features of metal soldering

For a quality connection, it is important to follow certain instructions; the work differs from soldering with ordinary solder.

Soldering acid is used in many cases, before starting work it is important to follow the steps:

• Coarse dirt and metal oxidation are cleaned with sandpaper or a file.
• The flux is carefully applied using a brush or a special dispenser; the solution is in a liquid state, so it easily spreads over the surface.
• Tinning occurs with the application of solder, the products are fastened together.

After completing the process, it is necessary to remove the remaining solution. This can be done with ordinary soapy water or a solution of soda.

Source: https://stankiexpert.ru/spravochnik/svarka/payalnaya-kislota-ortofosfornaya.html

Do-it-yourself soldering acid: composition and purpose, do-it-yourself production - Machine

Soldering acid is a flux that can be classified as a separate category, because it has an aggressive effect on materials that are needed during work. This flux mainly spreads in a liquid state, and this does not depend on its concentration. Sometimes you can purchase a concentrated substance and then dilute it, or perhaps buy a ready-made, diluted one. In addition, everyone can easily make soldering acid on their own.

The properties of materials must be selected according to those factors that are necessary for their use.

Soldering acid is intended for those metals that are heavily contaminated, because oxidation occurs on them, and a large amount of rust remains on the surface.

The material is very active, so it is necessary to work with it carefully and avoid contact with human skin and mucous membranes. You must first carefully familiarize yourself with the rules and methods of using acid, and only then begin to use it for its intended purpose.

In the process of producing soldering acid yourself, it is necessary to use special technology. In the end, the result should be a material that will have the properties prescribed by GOST. This is what will make the flux high-quality and reliable so that the connections are strong.

It is necessary to ensure that the properties and functions of the acid work even after soldering the metals, because the material removes films and rust from the surface, and also prevents their reappearance.

You should also take into account the spreadability of the materials being soldered over the surface and the adhesion to metals and products.

Characteristics, composition and properties

It is necessary to know exactly what the material should consist of, and only then begin its production. Soldering acid includes:

• wetting additive;
• ammonium chloride;
• deionized water;
• zinc chloride;
• hydrochloric acid.

Soldering acid, created independently, may consist of other components. You just need to do everything to ensure that the flux has all the necessary properties. It is necessary to ensure high activity of this material.

It must interact with the necessary materials in a minimum amount of time, and also destroy all substances that prevent normal soldering. However, it is worth considering that small parts may be damaged and deteriorated when exposed to acid.

Solder active fat has the same properties.

The acid has a rather unpleasant odor, so when a person inhales it, his health may suffer. That is why it is recommended to use a respirator when working with this material.

Well, the work area must be constantly ventilated.

It is necessary to protect your hands, skin and mucous membranes from acid; it is necessary that the workpiece gets only into the places necessary for soldering.

Materials and tools for making acid

You need to know that the soldering acid you make yourself will have a slightly different composition than the purchased one. However, it will be simpler. To prepare such acid, you need to use some equipment:

• Glass container or jar for mixing and preparing the material.
• Zinc granules or cups from used batteries containing this element.
• Tap clean water.
• Concentrated hydrochloric acid, which is capable of dissolving unnecessary impurities and substances.

Making acid yourself

First you need to take a container or jar for mixing the acid. This is where the zinc or batteries and their remains are placed.

Only after all of the above can hydrochloric acid be poured into the container. The main thing is to act with great caution, because if it comes into contact with the skin, you can get a serious burn.

The acid in the container should not be more than 3/4 of the volume of the entire composition.

As a result, it turns out that the proportions should be like this. For 1 liter of hydrochloric acid, 412 grams of zinc are needed, but this can only be measured using special tools. Therefore, it is worth knowing that there will be some deviations in one direction or another.

When further preparing soldering acid, you must wait for the reaction of the chemicals to finish. Zinc and acid come into contact with each other, the metal gradually dissolves. During this process, active hydrogen evolution occurs, so many bubbles can be seen in the liquid.

The liquid gradually becomes clearer and cleaner. When all processes are completed, it is necessary to pour the liquid into a tightly closed container. All these materials can be easily purchased in stores specializing in the sale of chemicals and reagents. When using batteries, you can see that almost any of them will do.

If you need to make a material with weaker properties, then you should slightly reduce the aggressiveness. In this case, it is recommended to add a little water to make the solution more liquid and with weaker properties.

However, you need to be careful, because the liquid can splash and get on the skin and mucous membranes of a person.

In this case, you should choose the proportions yourself, adhering to the specifics of the required soldering.

Making soldering acid yourself

First, you should take care of your own safety, because using acid is very dangerous and can cause irreparable harm to your health. If acid production is carried out in enterprises and industrial areas, then everything must be done in special-purpose cabinets.

The reagents are reliably protected from outsiders, and they are poured strictly under special hoods. At home, it is recommended to use protection, gloves, goggles, respirators and other devices. Dissolving the acid should only be done in a well-ventilated area or even outside.

Indeed, in the process of creating acid for soldering, hydrogen is constantly released into the air in large quantities. It is also necessary to take care, just in case, of water, with which you can quickly rinse the area of ​​skin on which the substance has come into contact.

It is best to use cold tap water because in the event of an accident, it will reduce pain and quickly clean the wound.

If this substance is spilled on the surface, it is best to wash it off with a special mixture of water and alkali.

You must also remember that this material must be stored correctly, the container must be closed and sealed, storage is carried out in a dark and cool place.

It is recommended to prevent unauthorized people from accessing the soldering acid to avoid danger to others. Flux is sometimes made from pure hydrochloric acid without zinc and water. However, it is mostly used only for iron products.

Source: https://regionvtormet.ru/beton/payalnaya-kislota-svoimi-rukami-sostav-i-prednaznachenie-izgotovlenie-svoimi-rukami.html

Soldering acid recipes - Welding Pros

Soldering acid is a flux that can be classified as a separate category, because it has an aggressive effect on materials that are needed during work.

This flux mainly spreads in a liquid state, and this does not depend on its concentration. Sometimes you can purchase a concentrated substance and then dilute it, or perhaps buy a ready-made, diluted one.

In addition, everyone can easily make soldering acid on their own.

The properties of materials must be selected according to those factors that are necessary for their use.

Soldering acid is intended for those metals that are heavily contaminated, because oxidation occurs on them, and a large amount of rust remains on the surface.

The material is very active, so it is necessary to work with it carefully and avoid contact with human skin and mucous membranes. You must first carefully familiarize yourself with the rules and methods of using acid, and only then begin to use it for its intended purpose.

In the process of producing soldering acid yourself, it is necessary to use special technology. In the end, the result should be a material that will have the properties prescribed by GOST. This is what will make the flux high-quality and reliable so that the connections are strong.

It is necessary to ensure that the properties and functions of the acid work even after soldering the metals, because the material removes films and rust from the surface, and also prevents their reappearance.

You should also take into account the spreadability of the materials being soldered over the surface and the adhesion to metals and products.

DIY soldering acid: composition and purpose, DIY production

Every person who has had to work with radio electronics has repeatedly used a soldering iron to solve their problems, so he knows what the operating principle of such equipment is. But due to the unpleasant odor emitted when processing a structure using classic solder, as well as significant difficulties at different stages of operation, this technology is not in great demand and has a number of simpler analogues.

To make the upcoming soldering more productive, many welders use special substances - fluxes, with the help of which the solder spreads evenly over the soldering site. Among the main fluxes, rosin and soldering acid are distinguished. The first option is indispensable when soldering copper and silver, and acid is used in particularly difficult cases. How soldering acid works, the composition and other features of such a substance are the main questions that concern many inexperienced beginners.

If we highlight the main recommendations for successful soldering with acid, they will look like this:

1. When choosing a suitable solution, you need to understand the type of metal or alloy. When soldering iron, including galvanized iron, a unique type of soldering acid is used, represented by a solution of zinc chlorate. Soldering of stainless steel is carried out using phosphoric acid for soldering, as well as multi-component fluxes. A material such as aluminum cannot be soldered , which is due to the lack of suitable fluxes capable of dissolving the oxide film of the material. Acid cannot be used for soldering printed circuit boards, as this increases the risk of the formation of corrosive elements and short circuits between conductors.
2. If you intend to use soldering acid for your own purposes, you can purchase it in the form of a paste at the appropriate store. Nevertheless, many welders make their own soldering acid, claiming that such an action does not require any special difficulties. You need to take about 100 ml of hydrochloric acid, put pieces of zinc in it, for example, removed from batteries, and wait for the chemical reaction to complete, during which hydrogen will be released. Given this feature, it is better to conduct the event in a ventilated environment away from sources of fire. If the hydrogen bubbles stop rising, let the solution sit until clear, and then carefully pour it into the bottle. That's it, the highly effective soldering acid is ready.

Instructions for use

1. Immediately before soldering, it is necessary to clean the surface with a file or sandpaper, which will avoid all kinds of contamination.
2. Acid should be applied to the adhesion site, for which you can use a brush. Next, you need to cover the structure to be soldered with solder based on tin or its alloy.

   If the substance does not apply evenly, you will have to repeat the acid treatment again.

3. At the next stage solder carefully surfaces. When working with a heated soldering iron, do not forget about safety rules and try not to clutter the work area with materials that ignite very quickly.

4. After completing the procedure, the acid should be neutralized using an alkali, for example, a soda solution, and then rinse the adhesion site to get rid of any remaining acid. In rare cases, acetylsalicylic acid plays the role of a flux, although its use requires a more complex approach.

If you have ever worked with a soldering iron, then you know that soldering is a unique type of permanent connection of metal products using low-melting metal. The technology itself is selected taking into account the type of metals that are to be soldered, as well as the environmental conditions where the action will be performed.

For example, processing printed circuit boards from some electronics and repairing silver jewelry are significantly different from each other.

When soldering this way, you should use a soldering iron, solder, and also a flux, which is colophonium.

The step-by-step instructions look like this:

1. It is no secret that for soldering elements with a high silver content, solder is used, which contains about 60% tin and 40% lead, which can melt at a temperature of 180 degrees Celsius. Try to prepare solder, which will be indispensable for soldering electronic circuits. This product consists of thin tubes that are filled with resin and act as a flux.
2. The surface that will be solderable must first be cleaned of any defects and irregularities that may appear when exposed to the oxide film. In this case, the heated solder can create an effective connection with the silver.
3. The part in the soldering zone is heated to such temperatures that natural melting of the solder begins. However, at this stage, some difficulties cannot be avoided, which may be associated with insufficient power reserve of the soldering iron for sufficiently high-quality heating. When soldering silver products, it is important to protect the area from possible exposure to atmospheric oxygen. In this case, colophonium is used, which can create a protective film over the soldering area.
4. As for soldering jewelry, it is carried out using high-temperature solders that correspond to the metal standard, or using solders of a lower standard, but containing silver. Soldering jewelry with tin is necessary only in the most extreme cases, and only after prior agreement on all details with the owner of the ring, chain, bracelet or other item. If you do not know how to perform such an action correctly, this can cause damage to an expensive structure.

Boards

It's no secret that soldering radio components into boards is a simple process . It is much easier to do than connecting loose wires, since the holes in the boards are intended to fix the soldered parts.

However, you need to understand that the final result is directly related to the experience and responsibility of the worker. The first circuit that is assembled on a breadboard cannot be called very successful.

But don’t worry - after some time the quality of the connections will increase significantly.

Step-by-step instructions and features of such soldering consist of the following points:

1. The main goal of the upcoming work is to effectively connect the chip to the board so that a uniformly good soldering is obtained. The event can be divided into several separate stages.
2. First, you need to simultaneously bring the solder and the tip of an already heated tool to the area where the connection is required. It is important to follow the key rule, making sure that the soldering iron tip is in full contact with the pin being processed and the board itself.
3. During processing, you cannot change the position of the soldering iron tip until the entire contact area is covered with an even layer of solder. In most cases, this takes from 0.5 to 1 second. This time period ensures sufficient heating of the soldering area.
4. At the next stage, you need to circle the tip of the tool near the contact being processed in a semicircle, moving the solder in the opposite direction. In the same way, apply another millimeter of solder to the soldering area. During this period, the selected area will warm up quite well, so the solder melted under the influence of surface tension will be distributed evenly over the contact area.
5. After successfully applying the required amount of solder to the selected location, you can move the wire away from the soldered area.
6. And at the last stage, you should quickly remove the tip to the side. In a short period of time, the liquid substance, with a small layer of flux, will take its final shape and harden, creating a strong connection.

It is important to understand that if the sting is sufficiently warmed up, the action will not take more than 1 second. Try to hone your skills and follow the recommendations of professionals. This way you can achieve incredible success.

Copper

Every man can learn to solder, because this procedure does not require any special skills or secrets. In any case, the ability to solder can be very useful and useful in everyday life, where you need to connect wires and parts of electrical circuits, repair a car radiator, and also install copper pipeline elements.

It's no secret that copper is one of those materials that lends itself very well to soldering.

In addition, the surface of products made of this metal can be easily cleaned from oxide film, dirt, unevenness and other defects without the use of expensive chemicals and aggressive agents.

Most fusible metals have excellent adhesion to copper and do not require the use of expensive or complex fluxes. Copper practically does not interact with air when heated.

Due to such unique properties , metal can be soldered in a wide variety of environmental conditions, using various types of fluxes and solders.

To solder parts, you should use electric soldering irons or soldering stations with different power. It is known that the greater the mass and volume of the part, the higher the power indicators of the working tool should be. If you've never soldered before, a 25-50W device might be your best bet

Other soldering features

At the learning stage, many beginners have a question: “what is solder and flux.” Solder is a common form of low-melting metal that is required for successful soldering of radio circuits, electronic components, and jewelry.

Most often, solder is made from tin, but in its pure form such metal is not cheap, so it is used only for tin-plating and soldering of utensils, which are used for storing and preparing food.

If it is necessary to solder wires and electrical circuits, the tin-lead solder option is used.

When performing soldering work, you may need the following tools and accessories:

• stand for soldering device;
• side cutters;
• pliers;
• tweezers;
• stationery knife;
• vice;
• desoldering pump or copper braid.

The soldering process itself includes several steps:

1. Cleaning the selected area to a shine.
2. Dipping the soldering iron tip into rosin for more effective cleaning.
3. Firmly pressing the connected elements together.
4. Then it requires applying a soldering iron with a small amount of solder at the end to the junction of such parts.
5. Next, you need to run the soldering iron tip along the part or wire, doing this as quickly as possible to avoid burning out the rosin on the tip.
6. The soldering area should be thoroughly heated so that the rosin, when melted, covers the entire surface of the part, and the solder fills the gap between the parts.
7. Be sure to remove excess solder with a soldering iron or desoldering iron. It also wouldn't hurt to use braid.

If all operations are carried out exactly according to the established rules, the hardness of the solder will become maximum, and its distribution will be uniform.

If during the solder solidification stage the soldered parts move from place, most likely the soldering is not good enough. To avoid such a course of events, it is enough to learn how to avoid making many mistakes.

Considering the above information, we can confidently say that if you wish and have the appropriate guidance, you can comprehend all the secrets of soldering in a few hours and experiments. The main thing is not to give up when faced with mistakes and troubles.

At home, you can learn to solder in a variety of ways, which will allow you to achieve the highest quality fastening of parts and the tightness of containers.

Today, using soldering acid, you can successfully join almost all types of metals and alloys, electrical wires, car radiator housings, metal utensils and many other everyday items.

Source: https://tokar.guru/instrumenty/payalniki/dlya-chego-nuzhna-payalnaya-kislota.html

How to prepare soldering acid at home

All existing metals, as well as their alloys, can be combined with each other using two different technological processes. We are talking about welding and soldering. Welding of metals means short-term heating of two metal surfaces at the point of contact to extremely high temperatures.

At these temperatures, the surfaces to be joined undergo complete melting. As a result, a connection of two metals occurs at the level of interatomic bonds of the crystal lattice.

The consequence of this process is a monolithic welding seam, whose strength sometimes even exceeds the strength of the metal products being welded themselves.

What is soldering

Soldering is a completely different process. It does not affect the internal structure of the metal in any way. It occurs exclusively on the surface of the materials being soldered. No monolithic connections are formed at the atomic level during soldering.

To perform soldering, the presence of a third, lower-melting metal, which is called solder, is necessary. With the help of solder, the soldering process occurs directly. Pure tin or its various alloys are most often used as solder.

The task of any soldering is to melt the solder and ensure its good spreading over the surface of the metals being soldered.

As the solder hardens, it changes from its molten liquid state to a solid state and provides a reliable connection between two metal products.

In practice, everything turns out to be a little different. The fact is that all metals, without exception, have a fairly hard and chemically inert oxide film on their surface. The strength of this film varies among different metals. The most durable oxide film is formed on the surface of aluminum. This film, as well as all kinds of mechanical impurities that are always present on the surface of any metal, lead to the fact that the solder does not want to spread over the metal.

That is, in professional terms, tinning of the metal does not occur. Instead, the solder becomes a moving ball that rolls around the metal surface without connecting to it in any way. This suggests that the surface tension of the molten solder is much higher than the adhesion (sticking) of this solder to the metal surface. To enhance the adhesion of solder and ensure reliable soldering of two metals, so-called fluxes are used.

Acid fluxes

Why are fluxes used? The task of any flux is to:

• Dissolve the surface oxide film on the metal.
• Clean the surface from mechanical contamination.
• Prevent oxidation and the formation of a new oxide film.
• Reduce the surface tension of the molten solder, thereby facilitating its free flow over the metal.

Rosin

Among radio technicians, the most common flux is rosin. It is essentially pine tree resin from which the turpentine has been removed through an evaporation process.

It is widely used due to its low cost, ease of storage and chemical inertness. Rosin is used as a flux for soldering products made of copper, brass, silver, and nickel.

That is, those metals on the surface of which the oxide film is not very strong and is quite easily destroyed by the weak influence of molten rosin.

But when it comes to metals such as aluminum, cast iron, all kinds of steel alloys or iron, rosin stops working and its use in these cases turns out to be extremely ineffective. The rosin needs to be replaced and the flux made more aggressive to make the soldering process easier.

Soldering acid

chemically active acid fluxes were invented . There are several types of acid fluxes due to the fact that different metals form oxide compounds of different strengths on their surface.

The so-called soldering acid can be easily purchased at a specialized store and is inexpensive. But there is a small problem.

Most often, manufacturers do not indicate the exact composition of the chemical they sell under the name “soldering acid.” But, as you know, soldering different metals requires acid fluxes of different compositions.

Therefore, sometimes it will be much more rational to make one or another flux for a specific metal at home than to buy a pig in a poke.

Olein flux

The basis of this flux is oleic acid, which is found in olive oil or any fat. To prepare the flux, technical olein is used, which is mixed with lithium iodide.

It is used for soldering both pure aluminum and aluminum-based alloys. This is the only flux that can dissolve the extremely durable aluminum oxide film, while the protective flux layer remains until the end of the soldering process.

It is impossible to make oleic flux at home. Yes, this is not necessary. It is freely sold and inexpensive.

Salicylic acid

Or the well-known aspirin. Purchased in tablet form at your nearest pharmacy. It costs a penny.

It belongs to the so-called inactive fluxes, that is, after soldering is completed, salicylic acid does not affect the contact point in any way and therefore no additional treatment is required after soldering to remove flux residues. Moreover, after hardening, salicylic flux protects the soldering area from corrosion.

You can solder with pure acid , using it in the form of a powder or a whole aspirin tablet. But it is much more effective to use aspirin as part of a multicomponent flux, which is called VTS.

VTS flux is used for soldering copper conductors, as well as products made of silver and platinum. The flux contains technical petroleum jelly as a filler, ethyl alcohol and acetylsalicylic acid.

This flux can be used to solder almost any metal, with the exception of aluminum.

The only disadvantage of aspirin: during soldering, extremely caustic smoke is released, which can damage the respiratory tract with frequent contact. Therefore, good exhaust is a prerequisite for productive work with this flux.

How to solder correctly

How to use soldering acid? The key to successful soldering is not only the correctly selected flux, but also the correct preparation for soldering. To do this you need to know the following:

• Before soldering, metal surfaces must be cleaned of rust and other contaminants using a file and sandpaper.
• All liquid fluxes are best applied to the surface using a special brush. In this case, maximum application accuracy and uniformity of distribution are achieved.
• The acid flux should cover the surfaces to be soldered with an even, uniform layer, without gaps. Otherwise, uniform distribution of solder over the metal surface will not be achieved.
• The tip of a well-heated soldering iron picks up a small amount of solder and transfers it to the metal surface pre-treated with flux. The solder is distributed in an even layer over the entire surface of the metal. This is called "tinning". The second metal surface is tinned in the same way. After this, both tinned surfaces are soldered.
• After completing the soldering process, it is necessary to remove any remaining acid solder. Otherwise, the acid will begin to destroy the metal and a corrosion center will arise, which can lead to destruction of the soldering area.
• Acid is neutralized by alkali. For the latter, it is best to use baking soda. The soldering area is sprinkled with soda and then washed with water.

Source: https://respect-kovka.com/kak-prigotovit-payalnuyu-kislotu-v-domashnih-usloviyah/

DIY soldering acid

Soldering acid is a flux that can be classified as a separate category, because it has an aggressive effect on materials that are needed during work. This flux mainly spreads in a liquid state, and this does not depend on its concentration. Sometimes you can purchase a concentrated substance and then dilute it, or perhaps buy a ready-made, diluted one. In addition, everyone can easily make soldering acid on their own.

The properties of materials must be selected according to those factors that are necessary for their use.

Soldering acid is intended for those metals that are heavily contaminated, because oxidation occurs on them, and a large amount of rust remains on the surface.

The material is very active, so it is necessary to work with it carefully and avoid contact with human skin and mucous membranes. You must first carefully familiarize yourself with the rules and methods of using acid, and only then begin to use it for its intended purpose.

In the process of producing soldering acid yourself, it is necessary to use special technology. In the end, the result should be a material that will have the properties prescribed by GOST. This is what will make the flux high-quality and reliable so that the connections are strong.

It is necessary to ensure that the properties and functions of the acid work even after soldering the metals, because the material removes films and rust from the surface, and also prevents their reappearance.

You should also take into account the spreadability of the materials being soldered over the surface and the adhesion to metals and products.

How to make soldering acid

When carrying out soldering, acidic fluxes are often used to pretreat the surface of parts. The degree of activity of the material is selected depending on the type of metal and the degree of its contamination.

There are various products on sale, the composition of which is selected taking into account the specifics of the work to be done. You can make soldering acid at home yourself.

This will require certain knowledge, basic ability to make chemical compositions and a small amount of money to purchase components.