How to sharpen a drill for metal - and not ruin it!
Drills are called consumables and this is the correct definition.
But if, after dulling the cutting edges or even chipping them, you immediately buy a new drill, then this can become quite a significant expense, especially if the master often drills something.
Many people resort to the help of specialists who can professionally sharpen cutting tools. You just have to learn how to do this, because the ease and success of the work depends on how correctly sharpening is done. Let's talk about how to sharpen a drill for metal.
Twist drill – traditional and familiar
As a rule, most of us use traditional twist drills at home. In them, cuttings or chips are discharged through spiral grooves along the entire length of the drill. Such drills are made of different grades of tool steel, with different sharpening angles.
In everyday life, the most common angle is the so-called universal angle, which is approximately 120 degrees. Everyone may have a thought: how to sharpen a drill for metal in order to maintain this angle? But it's not all that scary.
It is quite possible to carry out such sharpening at home, with skillful hands and a thinking head, even without special equipment. So, how to sharpen metal drills yourself?
We use existing power tools
For example, you can use an existing power tool, such as an angle grinder, commonly called an angle grinder. Having secured the appropriate grinding wheel to it and fixed the tool itself on a workbench or table, you can begin sharpening the drill.
You can also use a household electric sharpener, which is much more convenient. In any case, during the sharpening process it is necessary to protect yourself, or rather your eyes, with the help of safety glasses, and the drill by cooling it in water or machine oil.
Such cooling is very important so as not to overheat the metal, and it will not crumble after the first contact with the surface being treated.
Defining corners, edges and planes
Proper sharpening of a drill for metal begins with determining the sharpening angle. What corner is this? If you look at the drill from the side, in the light, you can see a clear conical profile. This is the main sharpening angle. It varies depending on the material being drilled, but as noted above, it is often around 120 degrees. Next, you need to master the principle of sharpening cutting edges.
If you look at the new drill from above, there are two of these edges. And there are two more planes that form these edges. These planes have a slightly rounded, conical shape turned backwards relative to the direction of rotation of the drill and are called rear surfaces. It is also easy to see the edge formed by these surfaces and called the bridge.
This jumper, although it does not cut metal itself, performs the important function of removing it and, often, centering the drill.
The drill cuts like butter: how to achieve this?
How to create the necessary surfaces and edges so that the drill will subsequently cut like clockwork?
How to sharpen a metal drill correctly? There are several stages for this:
- “removing” the cutting edges using a sharpener (it is necessary to ensure that the length of the edges is the same);
- shaping the back surface to give the cutting side of the drill a conical shape;
- formation of a jumper, the length of which for drills with a diameter of 4-7 mm is 0.5-0.7 mm, and for drills with a larger diameter - about 1-1.5 mm. For drills with a diameter of less than 3 mm, the jumper must be made with extreme caution;
- creating a rear corner of the required size.
Sharpening control is everything to us
How can you check the taper of the sharpening angle and the correct size of the back corners? To do this, they often use a regular washer, the diameter of which is 1/3 smaller than the diameter of the drill. If you put the drill against the washer, you can see how much more metal needs to be removed.
And, having formed the main angle (for example, 100 - 130 degrees), you can use the washer to control the alignment of the rear corners.
This is done by, from time to time, during the sharpening process, applying the drill to the washer and checking that the gap between the surface of the washer and the drill increases by 0.15-0.2 mm for every millimeter of the circular arc.
How to sharpen drills correctly: don’t ruin them!
It is also very important not to “screw up” the cutting edges that have already been formed at the beginning. This can be achieved by being very careful during all subsequent sharpening steps.
After all, it’s so easy to damage the edges at high speeds of rotation of the grinding wheel by “running over” them! In addition to being careful, when sharpening the rear surfaces, it is also recommended to leave untreated strips at the edge of the cutting edges measuring 0.2-0.3 mm, which can be formed by finishing at the end.
We hope that after reading the above information, you will not throw away a drill made of high-quality metal, but will be able to extend its life yourself.
Note: If you are interested in building a house , then we recommend that you visit the website vsestroysam.ru.
Manual sharpening of twist drills
Source: https://metall-str.com/publikatsii/kak-zatochit-sverlo-po-metallu-i-ne-isportit
How to sharpen a step drill for metal - Machine tools, welding, metalworking
The working part of a step drill for metal (also called a cone drill) is formed by a spiral groove and a number of stepped annular transitions of different diameters. Thanks to this unique design, step drills allow you to determine at any time during processing what diameter the hole has been formed.
One step drill can replace a set for metal processing, including crowns
At first glance, it may seem that using such drills (which, by the way, are quite expensive) does not make much sense, because you can always select a tool of a certain diameter and use it to create the required hole. Meanwhile, conical tools for drilling holes have a number of unique advantages that make their use justified in many cases.
Scope and design features
Cone (or step) drills have a long working life, which is ensured by the high strength of their cutting edges.
Unlike a conventional drill, a cone drill allows you to perform technological operations that in any other situation would require the use of several tools.
It is this versatility that largely explains the high cost of drills in this category.
The conical drilling tool, due to its design features, allows processing at high speed, at which the quality of the edge of holes formed even in thin sheet material is not reduced.
Step drill device
Cone drills can make holes not only in metal, but also in drywall, wood, plastic, etc. They also successfully cope with dense metal, which cannot be said about any other type of drilling tool.
The sharp tip of the step drill not only eliminates the need for a centering tool, but also easily cuts into the structure of even the densest metal. The resulting hole does not require additional processing using a needle file and a grinder.
Most step drills are capable of drilling through metal up to 4mm thick
The progressive channels of the step drill, arranged in a spiral, are made in different sizes with a smooth transition. This design feature increases the efficiency of the cone drill when working with thin sheet metal by at least 50%. In addition, when drilling metal parts with a tool with such spiral translational grooves, its smoothness is ensured.
Cone-type drills can be used either in conjunction with a manual drilling device or when installed on special equipment.
An abrasive coating based on diamond or titanium chips can be applied to the working surface of step drills (this does not contradict the requirements of GOST).
This coating of the cutting surface significantly increases its strength, which makes it possible to minimize the frequency of sharpening.
Naturally, you can count on this advantage of using a sprayed cone drill if the rules for its operation are followed and the permissible load on it is not exceeded.
These drill bits are made from high quality high speed steel with titanium coating.
One of the tasks that can be solved with the help of a cone drill is the correction of defects in holes produced by a tool of another type. Such defects, in particular, include torn edges. Step-type drills are practically irreplaceable in cases where it is necessary to obtain high-quality holes in thin sheet metal, products made of fiberglass and other polymer materials.
Considering all of the above, we can conclude that cone drills are even more versatile than traditional twist-type tools.
That is why they will not be superfluous at the production site and in the home workshop.
How convenient and effective a cone tool is, the cost of which depends both on the diameter of the working part and on the type of spraying, can be judged by the video of processing with its use and by reviews from specialists.
What to look for when choosing a conical drill
You should make a choice of a tool such as a conical drill for metal only after you have become familiar with its characteristics. The color of a step drill can tell you a lot about it.
- The gray-steel color of the manufacturing material indicates that the drill has not been subjected to any heat treatment; therefore, you should not count on its high quality.
- The conical tool, the surface of which is black, has been treated with hot steam, which increases its strength.
- The golden color of the steel indicates that all internal stresses in the metal were previously eliminated, which improved its quality characteristics.
- If the surface of a step drill has a bright golden hue, it is highly wear-resistant. This is provided by the titanium nitride contained in the metal. The fairly high cost of such products is fully compensated by their long service life.
The marking of a step drill indicates its characteristics
For the production of cone drills, various types of steel are used, which are determined by marking. If the marking contains the abbreviation HSS, this means that with this product you can perform high-speed processing without worrying about it deforming or losing its strength characteristics under intense heating.
When choosing a step drill, pay attention to the main dimensions
When choosing cone drills, you must also consider the following parameters:
- diameter, which completely depends on the characteristics of the holes that need to be obtained;
- brand (this parameter largely determines not only the quality of the product, but also its cost);
- compliance of the purchased conical drill and the material from which it is made with all GOST requirements;
- possibility of multiple sharpening (here you should be guided only by your own preferences and experience in sharpening spiral and conical drills in accordance with GOST requirements).
Self-sharpening
Drills, which are called stepped or conical, allow you to create holes with a diameter of 4 to 32 mm and are available in two versions: with the ability to sharpen or with a design that does not involve this technological operation. The high cost of products belonging to the second type is justified by their durability.
Their cutting edge (subject to all operating rules) does not become dull for a long time. It should be borne in mind that sharpening them without the appropriate experience can only lead to the fact that they become unsuitable for further use.
Cone drills of a certain configuration can be sharpened with a triangular abrasive rod
Such a tool, like spiral drills with a conical shank, can be sharpened using a special machine equipped with an abrasive wheel, the working surface of which can be covered with ordinary sandpaper.
The geometric parameters of step drills, the guide grooves of which have a rectilinear shape, can be restored manually, and products with spiral grooves are best processed using a sharpening machine. It should be borne in mind that it is easiest to restore the geometric parameters of high-quality step drills.
Cost of step drills and recommendations for their selection
If there are no problems with the purchase of conventional spiral drills, the landing part of which is made in the form of a Morse cone, then the choice of a stepped-type drilling tool has some features. Its cost is influenced by two main parameters: working diameter and material of manufacture.
A consumer who is planning to purchase a step drill may be misled by the serious price range. To bring some clarity to this issue, we can look at some price examples.
Thus, products for forming holes with a diameter of 4–20 mm are distinguished by their relatively low cost (400–500 rubles).
A step drill from domestic manufacturers, which allows making holes with a diameter of 4–30 mm, will cost the consumer almost twice as much (1,100 rubles).
Significantly increases the cost of the product if it belongs to a well-known brand. Thus, the price of step drills from Bosch, the diameter of which is in the range of 4–20 mm, is 2900 rubles, and for a tool that allows you to produce holes with a diameter of 6–39 mm, you need to pay up to 5000 rubles.
Such a set of three Swiss-made Bosch drills costs 8–10 thousand rubles
Many organizations that sell step drills offer them at a fairly high price, without in any way confirming their quality characteristics.
When purchasing a tool from such organizations, as well as from places where it is sold at low prices, the consumer should be prepared for the fact that the quality of the drill will be in great doubt. That is why it is necessary to buy cone drills only from those companies that are ready to provide all the necessary certificates.
What drill do you need to cut an M10 thread?
You should also pay attention to the markings of the drill, by which you can determine that this is a certified product with characteristics that meet the requirements of GOST.
Anyone who is planning to purchase a cone-type drill should keep in mind that its rather expensive cost is due to the fact that it is characterized by exceptionally high quality, versatility of use, reliability and durability.
Source: https://stanki-info.com/kak-zatochit-stupenchatoe-sverlo-po-metallu/
Technology for sharpening drills of various types
Drills inevitably lose their original properties during operation. This is due to a change in the configuration of the cutting edges. But it is not always necessary to buy new ones. If the drill is sharpened in a timely manner, the operating time of the tool increases.
Principles of sharpening drills
In order to develop a technology for processing the cutting edge of this type of tool, you need to know the principle of its operation. During rotation, the cutting parts of the drill form a cone. The bottom of the blind hole takes on the same configuration.
The determining condition for the correct execution of this process is compliance with the configuration of the cutting edge, which is located at the ends of the end. If the geometry changes, defects will inevitably appear. Most often, this is excessive heating of the metal drill, the formation of uneven walls of a blind or through hole. To avoid these defects, sharpening must be carried out in a timely manner.
Basic principles for restoring the configuration of the drill cutting edge:
- decide on the drill configuration. Its structure and material of manufacture will directly affect the choice of sharpening technology;
- choose the right tool to perform this procedure. The best option would be to use special machines. If they are unavailable, you can use universal sharpening and grinding equipment;
- It is recommended to use coolant. It will reduce the degree of heating of the cutting edge during processing, and also minimize the likelihood of internal or surface tension.
The use of personal protective equipment is mandatory. Even if a special machine has a transparent shield, there is always the possibility of small chips flying out or the drill breaking.
You can use a grinder to process small metal drills. In this case, it is rigidly attached, and sharpening is carried out using a small cutter.
Twist Drill Processing Technology
Abrasive wheel sharpening technology
To sharpen this type of blade, you can use an abrasive wheel mounted on the electric motor shaft. Then you need to calculate the angle between the cutting edges. They should form a conical blind hole during operation.
To properly force the cutting part, it is necessary to focus on the configuration of the spiral grooves along which chips are removed. During sharpening, the edge of the drill should be parallel to the axis of rotation of the abrasive. First, one edge is processed, and then the second. The distance from the cutting part to the grooves should be the same on both sides.
The angle between the edges must be equal to the original one. If you don’t have a similar new drill for metal, you can use the following data, which depends on the material being processed:
- for steel - 140°;
- for processing bronze, brass - from 110° to 120°;
- drills for aluminum, wood or plastic – from 90° to 100°.
When processing universal drills, the angle between the cutting edges is 120°. To improve quality, it is recommended to make or purchase a ready-made template. It should be noted that its configuration may vary depending on the type of drill being processed.
The final stage of editing is the formation of the back surface. Processing also takes place on an abrasive machine. Quality control is carried out using a regular washer.
Sharpening Pobedit models
Design of a pobedit drill
Sharpening drills with pobedite tips is a more complex procedure. To perform it, you need to select the right processing tool and adhere to the rules for performing the work.
It is necessary to use special diamond wheels as a processing tool. You should first make sure that the drill can be sharpened. If the length of the cutting part is more than 10 mm, it can be sharpened.
Rules for sharpening pobedit drills:
- average value of disk revolutions. When they increase, overheating of the edge may occur, which will lead to peeling of the pobedit soldering;
- minimum pressure on the disc. The rate of material removal from the cutting edge of these models is high. The configuration must be constantly monitored;
- uniform sharpening. If there is a difference between the edge sizes during operation, unevenness will inevitably appear in the hole, and tool play may occur.
It is difficult to achieve the ideal condition of a pobedit drill. Unlike metal tools, carbide tips can be made from various alloys, which will inevitably affect the complexity of tool processing.
If the cutting edge gets hot during processing, there is no need to immerse it in oil or other coolant. Cooling should be natural. Otherwise, the pobedit soldering may peel off.
The video material clearly shows the technology used to sharpen a drill:
Source: http://StanokGid.ru/osnastka/zatochka-sverla-po-metallu-svoimi-rukami.html
Sharpening a drill for stainless steel - Metalworker's Guide
In our age of high technology, purchasing the most complex and expensive tools is no longer considered something extraordinary. In many apartments, not to mention private houses, the presence of electrified drilling machines is taken for granted. Therefore, many will need information on how to properly sharpen a metal drill in order to extend its service life and not spend money on a new one.
A metal drill, oddly enough, is an ideal tool for training and honing sharpening skills. The result of your efforts can be seen immediately, even if it is negative. To sharpen such a drill, as a rule, a special electric sharpener is used. It is equipped with disc wheels, the runout of which must be equalized before starting work.
For these purposes, you can use a stronger metal, for example, a heavy old file. If the working surface of the abrasive wheel is not perfectly smooth, even experienced specialists will not be able to cope with the sharpening work. Particular difficulties usually arise with small-sized drills, which are most often used in everyday life.
It is also necessary to prepare a bowl with water, since the drill being sharpened needs periodic cooling as a result of the heat generated during operation.
By the way, instead of sharpening a worn-out drill, you can order a new inexpensive set of 19 drills on Aliexpress. If you are determined to sharpen the old drill, then follow the instructions below.
Signs of dullness and choice of angle
There are several signs by which you can understand that a metal drill requires sharpening:
- During drilling, a sharp creaking sound is heard when rubbing against the workpiece;
- The chips come out in small crumbs, not in a spiral;
- During operation, intense heating occurs.
Any of the signs listed above indicates that the drill needs to be sharpened, and you should not wait until the sharp edges are completely ground down. When you work with a blunt tip, it becomes so hot that the hardened metal quickly degrades and breaks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wY2X2IkNmf8
If we talk about services, then the most important thing is at the tip, it is he who determines the ability to process different metals (reaming the edges of the tip). The angle varies for different materials:
- Hard steel – 140°;
- Stainless steel – 135°-140°;
- Deep drilling – 130°;
- Cast iron - double angle. Main – 118°, auxiliary – 90°;
- Aluminium, brass, bronze – 118°;
- Copper and alloys based on it – 100°.
To determine the angle, you need to find out how many angles the drill has and how they are located. A tool consists of several components that perform a specific job. But not all edges are sharpened by hand; besides, you can control the sharpening process using a universal template.
The shank and neck of the drill usually do not require maintenance, and of the entire working part we only need to sharpen the cutting part (this is the ribbon for forming and removing chips). It is very difficult to process it independently, even in special industrial conditions. The cutting edge consists of two surfaces (back and front), which connect to each other at an acute angle. This edge scrapes off the chips from the workpiece, smoothly delving into the surface and creating a hole.
Tools for sharpening metal drills
To properly sharpen a drill for metal, you need to have a number of tools.
The following is a list and links to Aliexpress:
If you are missing something, you can safely order, the prices are inexpensive.
Types of sharpening and instructions
Before. How to start sharpening a drill for metal, you need to familiarize yourself with the types of this process:
- Single-plane;
- Two-plane;
- Conical;
- Cylindrical;
- Screw.
Having chosen the type of future work, you can proceed directly to sharpening.
From the instructions below you will learn how to properly sharpen a metal drill yourself:
- To begin with, in order to be as prepared as possible for the actions of sharpening the drill, you will need to find a couple of tin sheets from which a 120-degree template is mounted
- It is best to first attach the finished template to the cutting edges to make sure that the angle that meets the requirements for proper sharpening is set and the edges are the same length . If the stated conditions are not met, the hole will move during drilling, which is completely unacceptable.
- The next step is to apply the inside of the template to the abrasive to draw a line on the tool rest, which will become a guide for determining the position of the drill. The stop is attached along the drawn line. Also, to ensure the most correct direction of the angle, experts recommend sawing a groove on the tool rest plate. All these actions will ensure that the required angle is obtained.
I would like to make a separate point about sharpening the rear corner of the drill.
Sharpening the back corner of the drill
For those who are faced with this type of work for the first time, the most difficult thing is to sharpen the back corner of the drill. To do this, take a smaller washer into which the drill is inserted. In this case, the cutting edges touch the holes of the washer, and the clearance between them indicates the position and size of the required angle.
When sharpening, the metal drill must be rotated along the drawn or drilled axis, lifting as it exits. The main thing is that the back angle does not turn out to be very sharp, as this will subsequently affect the quality of the drilling. Drills with a diameter of less than three millimeters are sharpened without scrolling. This type of sharpening is called conical or screw sharpening.
If the back corner is cut straight, a single-plane sharpening is obtained.
High-quality and correct sharpening of a metal drill also involves obtaining a jumper, which is located at its end. If the radius is zero, then the metal located in the center will not be cut, but will be crushed. Therefore, the jumper for a small-diameter drill should not exceed one millimeter . In general, the size of the jumper is usually adjusted by aligning the length of the cutting edges. The formation of the jumper itself is controlled in the same way.
Any experience comes only with practice. Therefore, it is necessary to learn and try even if the first pancake turns out to be lumpy, that is, the length of the first copy is cut off by half. Very quickly you will learn how to properly sharpen a drill for metal and will do it without any problems in the future.
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Source: https://ssk2121.com/zatochka-sverla-pod-nerzhaveyku/
How to sharpen a drill for metal with your own hands
A home craftsman always has a tool in use and at hand: a drill or a hammer drill. But the drills quickly wear out and become dull. As a result, you have to throw them away and look for new ones in stores. But a real owner will save his time and try to figure out on his own how to properly sharpen a drill for metal and what equipment will be required for this.
What types of drills are there?
They vary in metal and diameter. Their characteristics depend on their purpose for processing specific types of material: wood, stone, metal. The latter type is the easiest to sharpen at home. Let's dwell on it. Each drill has 2 flanks that give the tool tip a conical shape, and 2 cutting edges.
If you place it on a horizontal washer, then the cutting edges will touch it, and the part behind them will lag behind them. It is located at a certain angle, which is called “back”. The run-off should approximately be 0.2 mm for each turn. You need to know all this if you are going to sharpen a metal drill with your own hands, for example, by organizing a workspace in the garage.
After all, when processing the tool you need to give the correct shape.
How to organize your workplace
You will need a sharpening wheel. But you can do without it. For example, adapt a power tool: a grinder with a rotating disk or an electric drill. The main thing is to install it on the workbench and secure it well. When sharpening, the quality of the metal changes (it loses its malleability), and the drill heats up.
To avoid this, you need to place a jar of water nearby. The tool being processed will have to be immersed in it periodically. You can use machine oil instead of water. Before sharpening metal drills, care must be taken to avoid injury.
Eyes must be protected with special glasses; they will protect against chips and crumbs.
Sharpening
When starting to process a tool, you must remember that it must be at the same angle. The drill must be pressed firmly against the grinding wheel. The sharpening process using an electric sandpaper consists of several stages. First, the tip of the drill is formed, then the cutting edge is formed, and finally the back surface is sharpened. Ideally, after processing, the back should be shaped like a cone and the cutting edge should be at a perfect angle.
When the main part of the work is done, it’s time for finishing. A professional master can tell you how to properly sharpen a drill for metal. You can call him to be a mentor. If you want to master this business yourself, then start experimenting with broken, dull tools. As a result of processing, a jumper is formed.
For drills with a diameter of up to seven millimeters, its length should be from 0.5 to 0.7 millimeters. For larger ones it can be from one to one and a half millimeters. If the drill has a large diameter, then it needs to remove the edges on the shank. They experience great cutting resistance. To do this, you need to very accurately mark the circumference of the tool into three parts.
Now you need to very carefully remove the metal along them to an equal depth.
Jumper processing
Another important point: you need to know how to properly sharpen a drill for metal and process the jumper. Most often, it is difficult to achieve the desired result using a grinding machine at home. The tape is needed to reduce the load on the drill and increase the speed and accuracy of drilling. The process as a whole is as follows.
The pointing of the jumper and the back edge is done on the edge of the circle, at slow speed. The drill should touch the sharpener for a short time. Then it must be taken to the side, turned one hundred and eighty degrees, and again pressed against the circle. Periodically, if the metal becomes hot, the tool being processed must be dipped in water so that it does not lose its elasticity.
If you use a wet abrasive stone, the risk of damaging the drill is significantly reduced.
Checking the sharpness
After completing the process, you need to check the quality of the work done and the symmetry of sharpening. In order to make sure that the metal drill was sharpened correctly, you can arm yourself with a magnifying glass or use a drill. You need to insert the processed tool into it and bring the felt-tip pen to the cutting edge. Then turn off the drill and check where the mark remains on the drill. If one side is more dirty than the other, then it needs to be sharpened.
The second way is to drill plastic with a hand drill. On the side where more chips will go, the edge of the drill is larger. It needs to be improved. Once you have successfully sharpened a metal drill, you will receive a tool with restored working qualities. To store them for a longer period, you will need a box.
To avoid damaging them or hitting each other or other objects, they should be wrapped in oiled cloth or tied with an elastic band.
Source: https://FB.ru/article/144545/kak-pravilno-zatochit-sverlo-po-metallu-svoimi-rukami
How to sharpen a drill for metal: sharpening methods, tools | mk-soyuz.rf
Power tools and industrial equipment are used to process metal surfaces. To perform various technological operations, special equipment is needed. One such operation is drilling. Equipment for drilling holes often becomes deformed and dull. To restore it, you need to know how to sharpen a drill for metal. It is enough to familiarize yourself with the basic rules, choose a tool, technology.
Signs of dullness
Equipment for working with wood can last for a long time without deforming. Metal drills fail faster. There are a number of points by which you can determine that the equipment is dull:
- There are chips, irregularities, and microcracks at the top of the drill.
- Visual deviations from the original state.
- When drilling, an uncharacteristic whistle or noise occurs.
- Burrs and irregularities remain on the inside of the hole.
- The chips accumulate in the hole and are not discharged out.
These deviations indicate equipment failure. It is necessary to stop the work process, correct inaccuracies or replace equipment.
Types of sharpening
There are several sharpening methods, which are carried out using different devices. They are designated by different letters. These include:
- N - normal. On the working part, two cutting edges are made, one transverse. Turning of tools with a diameter of up to 12 mm is allowed.
- NP - the transverse edge is trimmed. Thanks to this, the load transmitted to the working part during drilling is reduced.
- NPL - sharpening of a ribbon with an edge is carried out. A back angle is formed on the working part.
- DP - represents double turning. The transverse edge is additionally processed.
- DPL - 4 cutting edges are created, the edge is sharpened.
Turning is carried out using specialized equipment or manually. These methods need to be discussed separately.
Manual sharpening method
Tool accessories can be sharpened manually, without the use of specialized machines. However, to do this you need to be able to use hand tools and set turning angles. Tools used:
- Grinder - used if you do not need to select the exact angle of the cutting part.
- Special sharpening attachment for drill.
- Just a grinding wheel on an asynchronous motor.
There is no need to try to process the working part of the tool using a needle file or file. These tools wear down faster than the cutting edge changes.
Sharpening on special equipment
Workshops use special machines for sharpening drills. This is high-precision equipment that allows you to produce any cutting edge angles. To do this, it is enough to secure the equipment using special clamps, set the protractor, set up the machine, and start the engine. Sharpening a drill using specialized equipment takes less time.
How to sharpen a drill correctly?
To sharpen metal drills with your own hands, you need to select equipment and study the processing rules. At home, you can use power tools or compact machines.
What can you sharpen with?
You can straighten cutting edges using various devices, machines, and tools:
- Bulgarians,
- grinding machine,
- drill attachments,
- specialized equipment.
Sharpening angles
The sharpening angle of a metal drill is selected depending on what material needs to be drilled. For this, there are special tables that indicate parameters for different metals. Basic information about metal drill sharpening angles, presented in official tables:
- hard bronze, cast iron, steel - from 116 to 118 degrees,
- soft bronze, brass - from 120 to 130 degrees,
- copper - about 125 degrees,
- soft metal alloys, wood - 140 degrees.
If you drill plastic, you need to sharpen the cutting planes at 100 degrees. The sharpening angles for metal drills are described in tables that can be found in special reference books.
Features of sharpening various types of drills
There are three groups of equipment designed for drilling holes in metal:
- Pobedite - to sharpen such a tool you need to use coolant. The cutting edge can only be corrected with an electric sharpener or on a special machine.
- Spiral - specialized equipment is used for turning it. The back edges are sharpened. It is extremely difficult to process manually.
- Stepped - processing such equipment is more difficult than previous types. Sharpening machines are used for this.
If you do not have experience in turning drilling equipment, you must entrust the work to professionals.
Evaluation of grinding quality
After grinding, it is necessary to determine the quality of processing. To do this, you need to inspect the jumper. It will be located in the center of the end of the tip. The edges of the rig should be short.
Knowing how to sharpen drills, you can constantly use the tools without buying new accessories. To carry out the work, you can use several types of equipment.
Source: https://xn----ntbhhmr6g.xn--p1ai/metallyi/mozhno-li-zatochit-sverlo-po-metallu-i-kak-eto-sdelat-v-domashnih-usloviyah
How to sharpen a metal drill with your own hands - do it right
Not all people who are accustomed to working with their own hands know how to sharpen a drill for metal.
Processing materials, and especially metals, is always a complex process and includes many operations.
To carry out sharpening, you need a sharp, reliable device.
In addition, when buying a drill, it is important to understand that it will have to be sharpened quite often due to the frequency of use of the cutting part.
And if it becomes dull, then it becomes unsafe to work.
Frequently asked question: what to do with a wood drill? There is no need to worry here, because due to interaction with such a soft material, the tool can work without sharpening for more than one year.
But with metals the situation looks different - after a couple of months you can notice signs of loss of sharpness. How do you know when it's time to sharpen your tools?
The drill begins to hum or squeak when starting work. It generates heat and overheats.
Such a tool breaks down much faster, making metal processing impossible.
You can sharpen a drill using a machine or a special device.
If possible, it is better to trust such a process to professional equipment, but if you don’t have it at hand, you can really do everything yourself at home.
The most popular way is to make a machine with a sharpening stone at home, which is easy to use and does not require significant expenses.
The question of sharpening a drill for metal torments many people, because the center line of the cutting part can have a varied design: one cavity or two, and it can also be conical, cylindrical or helical.
Sharpening should be done correctly along the back edges. The angle at which the tool is fed into the machine plays a big role.
An incorrect angle can damage the drill beyond repair.
The cutting part itself consists of an edge - it must be the sharpest in order to cope with metals, as well as an auxiliary screw, a jumper, and the back and front surfaces.
Initial stage of work
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First of all, let’s decide what you will need in the process of sharpening with your own hands.
When sharpening a drill for metal, and even with your own hands, you always have to look for an alternative to factory tools, because there are special sharpening machines in production.
At home, the minimum set for sharpening a metal drill will be more difficult to find. First you need to buy special grinding wheels.
Usually you need one circle, but with frequent use it will wear out quickly, so it is better to take several at once, for a reserve. The circle itself is installed on a rotating shaft with your own hands.
We also need a container and the coolant itself: here you can even choose water or engine oil.
While the drill is being sharpened, it will also heat up at the same time. If it is not cooled, then during operation it will fail faster due to the temperature difference.
It is equally important to maintain the angle; here eye control is unacceptable. It is because of this problem that people buy a special device so as not to constantly carry out tedious calculations.
It is necessary to know the angle of approach of the metal drill. The main angle is the rake angle, it can be defined in the main cutting plane as the angle between the front part and the base of the cutting part.
The rear angle has the same parameters, only on the rear plane. The angle at the top can be seen if you look at the metal drill from the side: it is located between the two edges.
It is believed that for the front angle you need to maintain a slope of 20 degrees, and for the rear - 10 degrees. The angle at the top is the same in all metal drills and has a value of 118 degrees.
Don't forget to take precautions when working with your own hands. Since we have to work with sharp parts, it is better to protect our hands with gloves. Be sure to wear glasses while sharpening.
In the process, small particles will fly off from the circle, which are also very overheated.
Watch the position of the tool, because if the feed angle is incorrect, it can be torn out of your hands.
Let's start the sharpening process
First, let's look at how to properly sharpen a drill yourself using sandpaper.
The main process falls on the back. We turn on the device with emery and, holding the metal drill tightly, bring it to the circle so that the cutting part is directed towards the sharpener.
We will get a parallel arrangement of the drill relative to the mechanism. Having sharpened the tool in this way, we get a high-quality drill for metals.
This simple sharpening is suitable for drills with a diameter of no more than 10 millimeters.
If it increases, then you can add the total sharpening time, pay more attention to the front side, and so on.
You can sharpen a drill in this way until the diameter exceeds 16 millimeters.
However, for devices with large diameters, or when working with dense metals, a machine may be needed.
This device allows you to make sharpening safer and correctly control the angle of inclination.
In addition, if you need to constantly be able to sharpen your tools, then your own machine will come in handy.
It is especially beneficial to install such a device at home if you need to sharpen carbide drills for metal.
There are certain requirements according to which sharpening should be carried out only on a machine:
- if we work with drills that are used to work in blind holes, with a reduction in the axial cutting force;
- working with universal tools that have great strength, which makes it possible to process durable metals;
- work with a point of smaller thickness if drilling to a significant depth is required.
The main task that the machine must perform is not just sharpening, but correctly orienting the drill along the metal relative to the circle. Therefore, its design has a base plate.
Both the machine itself and the engine, the shaft of which allows turning, are installed on it. There we also connect the rotary column on which the drill will be attached.
It rotates in a position convenient for us - another plus in the ability to position the tool.
Advantages of using the machine
Another feature that the machine provides is movement with the help of a motor.
Therefore, it is realistic to use any bearing assembly with a shaft as a column.
At the end of the shaft we will have a mount for the drill. It is best to use bolts for secure fixation.
After the tool is fixed, turn on the sharpener, and the column itself is brought to the circle so that the back of the metal drill is turned to sharpen.
This is convenient, because even before turning it on, we can set the correct angle to sharpen the drill.
There is also a machine that has a more compact design.
The main disadvantage of a conventional device is that you cannot take it outside the garage, and you need a lot of space inside the room.
Therefore, there is an option to use an attachment machine.
In such a device, on one side there is a connecting unit, thanks to which the attachment is installed on the drill spindle, and on the other, you can find a hole for drills for metals.
It’s easy to sharpen a tool in this way, even with your own hands - just insert it all the way and turn on the mechanism.
The riskiest option is sharpening with a grinder or other portable device with a moving wheel. What is the danger? It will be extremely difficult to secure the device.
And the slightest shifts during work can result in injuries. A grinder cannot achieve high quality; it is only suitable for metal drills with a small diameter.
And after the sharpening process, you cannot do fine-tuning.
Finishing is an important part of the process when it is necessary to sharpen a tool.
In factory conditions, it allows you to remove all irregularities at the end of the procedure and make the cutting part smooth.
If the drill is solid and uniform, it will last much longer and better.
If desired, finishing can be done at home. To do this, we simply change the circle to one made of silicon carbide.
What should those who have a pobedit drill bit with tips for the strongest metals do? Even it can be sharpened, despite the fact that such a device wears out much more slowly.
A diamond stone is used as a grinding wheel. With this process, an emery wheel simply will not give the desired results.
Before sharpening a tool, it is worth measuring the soldering, because if it is less than 10 millimeters, there is no point in sharpening. Only a complete replacement is needed.
Remember that the harder the tool material, the lower the wheel rotation speed should be.
And for a pobedit metal drill, the speed is generally at a minimum so as not to damage the cutting part.
Sharpening is carried out with short and smooth touches, excluding sudden movements.
If we are talking about soldering, then they are sharpened in the same way as ordinary drills - from the back side.
Source: https://kirpich174.ru/publications/kak-zatochit-sverlo-po-metallu-svoimi-rukami.html
