Composite panel weight
Aluminum composite panels are used in the design, construction, finishing of buildings, structures and premises, in the manufacture of advertising structures, and the creation of design projects.
Composite panel weight
The aluminum composite panel is quite light, a square meter weighs 3-8 kg depending on the thickness. In addition, the ratio of mass and rigidity distinguishes this material favorably from fiber cement boards, aluminum and porcelain stoneware.
Also, the composite panel is quite elastic, which greatly simplifies the process of its processing and makes it possible to give the material different (including complex) shapes. Weight: Aluminum composite panels are 1.5 times lighter than one sheet of pure aluminum and four times lighter than a sheet of steel.
This makes it possible to use composite panels in places where installing heavier material is dangerous and highly undesirable.
The high-quality coating of the panel, which consists of several layers, is quite resistant to negative external factors, due to which the coating does not corrode, is less susceptible to abrasive wear and fades little.
During production, the panels are covered with a special film to protect the coating. During installation, the protective film is removed. Automatic transmissions are highly resistant to the effects of nature, are not susceptible to aggression from street air or acid rain, are non-flammable and frost-resistant, and do not lose color under the influence of solar radiation.
Composite panels 3 mm
Aluminum composite panels with a thickness of 3/0.3 mm can be called a universal sheet material, which is well known to specialists in the construction and advertising markets. Due to sufficient rigidity, light weight and modern appearance, combined with a beautiful color palette, such panels will become a convenient and simple solution for the production of interior and outdoor advertising, making it possible to implement almost any design concept.
Composite panels with a thickness of 3/0.21 mm can be sawed with a vertical circular saw, cut with special drum shears, stamped with metal band knives on a crucible, rolled on stationary rolling equipment, riveted, drilled, screwed with stainless steel screws for metal and joined using a welding machine on hot air with a polyethylene cord.
Weight of the suspended ventilated facade
The weight of the suspended ventilated facade, taking into account the fact that each block of this system has dimensions of 1 square meter with a thickness of 50 mm, is 25 kg. Externally, the panels look like a section of brickwork. To ease the installation of a structure of such mass, corner elements were developed. Taking into account the weight of the composite, such panels should be installed using special equipment.
Aluminum panels based on composites have firmly entered the construction industry and today have become one of the most popular types of materials used for cladding building facades. Due to its weight (the weight of alucobond 1 m² depending on the thickness is from 3 to 8 kg) and other useful characteristics:
- fire safety;
- plasticity with simultaneous rigidity and strength of the material;
- durability;
- excellent vibration and sound insulation characteristics.
Thanks to advanced innovative developments, the main technical characteristics of the panels are improved, while at the same time the weight of alucobond is reduced, thereby expanding the range of use of the material and opening up endless possibilities for designers and architects to implement new ideas.
Aluminum composite panels are a complex structure consisting of several layers with a heavy, multi-layer coating and connected by a core of mineral or plastic filler. This material is distinguished by unique characteristics that are combined in it thanks to the components that make up the panel.
Porcelain stoneware slabs
A porcelain stoneware slab (usually a size of 600 by 600 by 8 mm) weighs about 28-30 kg per cubic meter. To fasten such a mass, it is necessary to use special profiles that require a lot of metal and large steel clamps. We offer a suspended facade system with an air gap for porcelain stoneware slabs - Grosstek GT-2.2.
How to find out the exact weight of the panel
Source: https://www.grossbond.ru/about/articles/ves-kompozitnykh-paneley/
Series Serfdom - 2 (2020) how will it end? What will happen in the end?
The events of the series Serfdom-2 take place in the seventeenth century. The girl Katerina celebrated her eighteenth birthday in splendid isolation. She lost her parents in early childhood. Mom and dad came from an ancient noble family. They became infected with a serious infectious disease. The doctors were unable to save the lives of the honorable patients. Therefore, the girl was raised by her godmother.
A wise and experienced woman loved the child as her own. She hired the best teachers from abroad for Katerina, spent incredible amounts of money on her education, and tried to find a worthy groom from a good family. But all the hopes of the main character were destroyed when her only close person died. Katerina could not stay in her godmother's house.
After the woman’s funeral, all her relatives arrived and began to divide the property. The huge mansion went to an old and grumpy aunt. She did not tolerate the presence of strangers in her new possession and kicked the girl out the door. In order not to die of hunger, Katerina asked to work for a rich landowner. A cunning and capricious man offered the girl a contract and made her part of his property.
the heroine of the film Serf tried to escape from the entrepreneur and hide behind the stone walls of a Kyiv brothel
Episodes Serfdom - Season 2
Episode 25
Natalie succumbs to Gregory's persuasion and asks Lydia to return Katerina to them, but is refused. Seeing her abuse of Katya, Natalie begs her father to buy Katerina for her, but he does not agree.
Wanting to save the young family, Alexander invites Gregory to move to another city, but Grisha rejects this proposal. Katerina meets Yaroslava Goremyka, the serf Schaefer.
And Stepan is with Melnik and student Zoshchenko, members of the liberation movement who have a plan for Katerina’s release.
Episode 26
Lydia beats Katerina half to death, Zakhar entrusts the Miserables with nursing her. After the morphine injection, Grigory begins to confuse Natalie with Katerina. And Yakov figures out how to make Galina remain silent about his thefts. Natalie finds out about her pregnancy. Peter, leaving the estate to Gregory, leaves with Larisa for Paris. To help Katya, Stepan is hired as a laborer at the Schaefer estate.
Episode 27
Sophia returns Lydia her gift, to which Lydia is offended, and the noblewomen quarrel again. Katerina refuses to run away with Stepan: because of her, the innocent Goremyki will suffer. Nikolai tries to buy Katerina from Lydia, but this idea does not work out for him.
Gregory orders Yakov to increase the income of the estate and appoints Lukyan as an observer. Yakov orders Galina to steal Lukyan's reports. Stepan and student Zoshchenko are trying to incite the Schaefer serfs to revolt.
Katerina stops them, suggesting that they use the last peaceful method.
Episode 28
Katerina, together with the Schaefer serfs, write a complaint against Lydia. And in Chervinka, Nazar starts a rebellion against Gregory. Galina helps Yakov come out clean after a check arranged by Grigory. Lydia and Katerina collide at Alexei's grave. On Lydia's orders, Zakhar buries Katya alive. Ilko, the youngest son of Goremyk, sees this. Stepan learns about Katerina's death - now a riot in Sheferovka cannot be avoided!
Episode 29
The miller and the student are hiding from the gendarmes at the mill, where they encounter Katerina. The miller tells Katya the truth about Alexei's death. The gendarmes find the burnt Nazar and accuse him of setting fire to Sheferovka. Grigory finds Yakov's double-entry bookkeeping and, blackmailing him with exile to Siberia, forces him to work for him. And he goes to Katerina’s grave, where he unexpectedly runs into her.
Episode 30
Grigory, having dug up the grave and not finding the body, is convinced that Katya is alive. Katerina manages to escape. She turns to Nikolai for help, and he decides to hide her in Kyiv with his beloved, Elena Koreneva. But Katya is not destined to get to Elena - on the way she falls ill and loses consciousness. After Lydia's death, Natalie is terrified of the serfs and demands that Gregory be constantly nearby. And Gregory himself, wanting to take possession of Katerina, planned to buy the Schaefer estate.
Episode 31
Vasilinka picks up Katya and brings her to her brothel, where the owner Makarova finds her. Realizing that there will be benefits from Katya, she leaves her, stealing her letter of recommendation and money. Grigory invites Natalie to buy the Schaefer estate, but she is against it. Therefore, he draws up the bill of sale in secret. Natalie is tormented by fear of the serfs - she puts a bolt on the door, demands that the free Pavlina serve her and quarrels with Nikolai, who is trying to reason with his sister.
Episode 32
Pavlina manages to restore Natalie's trust in the serfs. Grigory is busy searching for Katerina. And Nikolai witnesses the murder of Kosach: he finds student Zoshchenko, who tells him about Melnik. Katerina writes a letter to Nikolai asking for help, but Makarova steals it, demands money for treatment and wait, and prepares Katya to work in a brothel. Natalie finds out that Grigory bought Sheferovka.
Episode 33
Gregory begins to see visions. He begins to be rude to his wife. Meanwhile, Zhadan brings Vasilisa to the professor for treatment. Vasilisa happy returns to the girls. But the client she infected kills her. Katerina reads prayers over her head all night. Madame Makarova enters the room to be close to the deceased. At this time they bring her a letter from a client who wants Katerina.
Episode 34
Galya's wedding takes place on the Chervinsky estate. Vasilisa is buried in Kyiv. Vasilisa's killer comes to Madame Makarova and says that she now has to pay him 1000 rubles a month due to the fact that Vasilisa infected him with the disease. Madame Makarova has to agree, as Katerina runs out and says that she is a witness to the murder. Makarova fears for Katerina’s life. Zhadan promises to help Makarova.
Episode 35
In order to live a calm family life, Gala has to once again surrender to Yakov. Gregory is throwing a tantrum because Natalie burned his pipes. During a quarrel, Grigory will hit Natalie. She runs out of the office in shock as she walks up the stairs, trips and falls. The child is not in danger. Meanwhile, the plan to steal the letter from Katerina does not work out.
Episode 36
Galina's husband is drafted into military service. He learns that Galina cheated on him with Yakov immediately after the wedding. Natalie forgives her husband. She starts bleeding. The doctor barely saves her life, but she can no longer have children. Zhadan saves Katerina.
Episode 37
Katerina escapes from a brothel. Zhadan saves her. She immediately goes to the house whose address Nicolas gave her. This house turns out to be the woman with whom Nicolas is in love. It seems that Katerina has finally found peace. Meanwhile, Galina is trying to raise money to ransom her husband. Natalie finds out that her husband is looking for Katerina. She asks her father to take her home.
Episode 38
Gregory sends all of Natalie's property to her father's house. Katerina lives very well in the governor's house. The governor himself arrives and he is not happy that his son’s teacher was taken from the street. But the boy manages to convince his father to let Katerina stay. Nicolas decides to come to the governor’s house to visit his beloved woman and Katerina. Galina does her best to raise money to ransom her husband.
Episode 39
A reception is taking place at the governor's house. Nikola and Zhadanov arrive. Zhadanov is surprised that Katerina works as a teacher in the governor’s house. The next day, he asks Katerina to leave this house. Otherwise, he will tell the whole truth to the owners. Natalie decides to go to a monastery. Galya continues to collect money.
Episode 40
Grigory follows in Katerina's footsteps. Zhadanov goes to Madame Makarova and asks her how Katerina ended up in the brothel. She tells the whole truth. Zhadanov recalls how Alexey came to him for money to ransom Katerina. Zhadanov urgently goes to the governor’s house and asks Katerina for forgiveness for offending her. There is a ball at the governor's house. Gregory also comes to the ball.
Episode 41
After Grigory saw Katerina, he felt bad. He asks the governor’s wife about Katerina. She says that there wasn’t even a girl similar to his description at the ball. Thanks to Nicolas and Elena, Katerina manages to escape from Gregory. Zhadanov agrees to hide her in his house. Yakov continues to mock Galya. The girls decide to help her and come up with a plan.
Episode 42
Gregory returns to his estate. He's getting worse. The girls continue to mock Yakov so that he will take pity and stop ruining Galya’s life. Andrey Zhadan and Katerina fall in love with each other. The governor invites Nicolas to his place for a conversation. Nicolas admits that he loves Elena. He says that he knows about everything and knows that his son is his. The governor is very ill and soon dies. He asks to give him a month of happy family life, and then let him make Elena and the children happy.
Episode 43
Gregory contacts scammers. Yakov goes to the healer (Mother Peacock). She tells him that he brought trouble upon himself and now black forces are hunting him. He asks Galya for forgiveness. Andrei and Katerina become even closer. Katerina admires how he helps people. Olga begins to be jealous of Andrei and arranges a whole performance, after which Andrei is obliged to marry her.
Episode 44
Natalie returns from the monastery. She immediately goes to Gregory. The fraudster manages to deceive her too. Yakov brings money to Galya and asks her for forgiveness. He leaves the estate because Grigory fired him. Katerina is preparing to leave for Warsaw. Reshetnikov dies, but Nicolas manages to find the only witness to Alexei's death.
Episode 45
Katerina is kidnapped. Andrey goes in search of her. Elena learns that her husband, the governor, is ill and will soon die. Gregory is on the verge of bankruptcy. The rebel tells Nicolas what he saw at the old mill on the day of Alexei's death. The kidnappers bring Katerina to Gregory. Gali goes into labor. Her husband forgives her.
Film Serfdom 2 - what's in the latest episodes?
Episode 46
Gregory's guests mock Katerina. Elena worries about her husband. Andrey continues to look for Katerina. He comes to Gregory's house and asks to ransom Katerina, but he does not allow it. Grigory becomes ill.
Episode 47
Fraudsters steal Katerina and Alexa. Gregory feels bad. Doctors want to cut off his leg. Natalie continues to defend her husband. Andrei and the peasants manage to save Katerina and Alexa. But Katerina’s condition is bad and she may die. The governor dies.
Episode 48
Gregory's trial will take place. Nicolas will prove Alexei's good name. Meanwhile, Zhdanov manages to buy out the Chervinsky estate. He gives everyone his freedom and covenant to marry Katerina.
How will Serfdom 2 end (2020)
The second season of the series “The Fortress” recently began airing.
In the second season, the main character Katya will face many challenges. At first she will serve Lydia, who will humiliate her in every possible way, beat her, force her to work in the field and cut off her gorgeous braid.
Next, the servants will rebel against Lydia and set fire to her house, Katya will end up in Kyiv, by the will of fate she will end up in a brothel. She will have a lot of trouble there, but Andrei will free her.
Grigory will be heavily addicted to drugs at this time and will try to find Katya.
Katya will go to work as a teacher for Elena, who has long been in love with Nikolai, but is married to someone else.
Feelings will flare up between Katya and Andrei, but a rival will arise between them.
In the last episode, Katya marries Andrei.
Source: https://infobox24.ru/krepostnaya-2-sezon-s-25-po-48-seriyu-chem-zakonchitsya-soderzhanie-seriy.html
Dimensions and weight of copper sheets
31.05.2017
Copper sheet is made from copper grades M1, M1R, M2, M2R, M3, M3R, which is confirmed by the requirements of GOST 495-92. The chemical composition of copper grades must comply with GOST 859.
Among the wide variety of similar products that are produced by many enterprises, the buyer needs to choose a model that is fully suitable for the intended purposes. At the same time the weight of the copper sheet and its strength indicators are not the same. Each metal alloy exhibits its own characteristics, which determine its service life and scope of application.
Determining the size and weight of copper sheet
The question of how much a copper sheet weighs is quite relevant, since not only the ease of transportation, but also the direction of its subsequent use largely depends on it. Copper sheet is produced within the framework of GOST requirements, which clearly states what weight a product of a given size should have.
When carrying out an individual order, the size of copper sheets may be non-standard. It all depends on the properties that the customer needs, as well as the place where the finished product will be used. In this case, the manufacturer may deviate from the weight standards.
It will change directly proportionally if the sheet size has non-standard parameters.
Copper sheets are produced in two main ways: hot-rolled and cold-rolled. The range of sheet thickness directly depends on the production method. Products produced by cold rolling will have a thickness of 0.4 to 12 mm. With the hot rolling method, thicknesses from 3 to 25 mm are achieved.
Buying copper sheets of the right size
The Metromet company offers its customers a large selection of rolled metal products of various purposes, thicknesses and sizes. We sell only high-quality products, including copper sheets of various sizes and thicknesses, from well-known domestic and foreign manufacturers. The price is set per kilogram of rental.
If you have any questions, you can contact us by phone, request a call back, or write to us by email. We are always happy to help every client.
Source: https://metromet.ru/stati/razmery-i-ves-mednykh-listov/
If you rush, you won’t get the capital. How much money will the state pay in 2020?
The President promised to give families with children money for housing. The joy subsided, but the questions remained, and the grievances of mothers who gave birth to their first child in 2019 came. But what about those who already have a certificate? Let's try to divide the money that has not yet been given and resolve the issue: to whom, how much and how.
What are we talking about?
The devil is in the details, so we will quote the president in full. It will be needed to answer citizens' questions.
Already at the birth of the first child, the family will receive the right to maternity capital in its current volume. After indexation from January 2020, this is 466,617 rubles. This is exactly how much was still due at the birth of a second or subsequent child.
Such support will enable the family to prepare for the birth of a second child. I propose to increase maternity capital by another 150 thousand rubles. The family will receive the right to these additional funds to maternity capital upon the birth of their second child. Thus, the total amount of maternity capital for a family with two children will be 616,617 rubles.
And in the future it will be indexed annually. Let me add that we have already decided that upon the birth of a third child, the state will pay 450 thousand rubles for the family. her mortgage. That is, in general, a family with three children will be able, with the help of the state, to invest over 1 million rubles in solving their housing problem.
For a number of regions, cities, even regional centers, this is almost half the cost of an apartment or house
So, what will a family with three children get:
- maternity capital for the birth of the first child - 466,617 rubles;
- maternity capital for the birth of a second child - 616,617 rubles (here we need to ask a question - later you will understand why);
- subsidy of 450,000 rubles to pay the mortgage.
Total: 1,533,234 rubles.
Questions from the public
After the initial joy has subsided, questions arise. Now they are littered with social networks and forums for mothers.
“Sib.fm” leads its reader:
This means that those who give birth in 2020 will be given maternity capital, but those who became mothers for the first time in 2019 - fig??? Why are we worse? I don't understand. In my opinion this is extremely unfair
It’s especially offensive for those who gave birth in December 2019. Mothers are wondering: will maternity capital be given for the first one to those who gave birth in 2019?
Source: https://www.vbr.ru/banki/novosti/2020/01/20/gospodderjka/
Weight of a linear meter of aluminum sheet: formulas and tables
Weight is perhaps the most important characteristic of any range of metal, and aluminum sheet is no exception. To determine the weight of a sheet using weighing, it is usually used only when receiving and distributing (selling and purchasing) a given product. In other cases - maintaining warehouse and accounting records, when calculating the structures being constructed, the number of sheets required for construction - other methods of determining weight are used.
How to find out the weight of aluminum sheets?
Naturally, the most accurate method to determine the mass of an aluminum sheet is to weigh it. But this can be done using fairly simple calculations. True, regardless of the calculation method used, a theoretical weight indicator is always obtained - close to the real value, which is obtained by weighing, but slightly different from it. There are the following methods for calculating the mass of aluminum sheet:
- using the specific gravity of the sheet, calculated independently;
- using the theoretical table value of the weight of 1 m of sheet, taking into account the requirements of GOST.
As indicated above, the result of the calculations is the theoretical weight. This is primarily due to the fact that any calculations use the dimensions of the product: width, thickness and length. They are measured, or data from the GOST reference book for aluminum sheets is used. In any case, the actual dimensions will differ from those obtained by any of these methods. This is due to the following reasons.
The main one is hidden in the imperfection of today's technologies for the production of rolled metal, any kind at that. It is impossible to manufacture a product of exactly the specified size.
It is for this reason that all GOSTs (for any assortment), which regulate production requirements and the assortment (list of standard sizes) of products, indicate possible deviations in dimensions. For aluminum sheets, such requirements are specified in GOST 21631.
Here are all standard sizes of industrially manufactured products and deviations in their length, thickness and width. In documentation and reference books for sheets, the dimensions that meet the requirements according to the assortment are indicated, without taking into account possible deviations from them.
That is, when buying an aluminum sheet with the dimensions indicated in the accompanying documentation, you can be absolutely sure that at least one of the packages does not correspond to those specified. The tolerance, if it fits within the framework possible by GOST, will be insignificant, and, accordingly, the error in the theoretical calculation of weight is small. Although, if it is necessary to count a fairly large amount of rolled products, missing or extra tons may “come out”.
By the way, according to the first calculation option, a theoretical indication of the weight of 1 meter of sheet is selected according to GOST. It is also calculated taking into account the standard dimensions of the aluminum assortment.
Measuring the product can improve the situation a little, but not always. As a rule, it is made along one wide and long side, and the thickness is determined in one place on the edge with a micrometer or caliper . But readings from opposite edges may vary. And in the interval between the angles of length and width they can also “float”. The same applies to thickness; it will vary by some hundredths of a millimeter along the entire perimeter of the aluminum product.
The next point that affects the accuracy of the calculations is what data on the density of aluminum was substituted into the formulas for calculating the weight. Since the weight is determined by multiplying the volume of the sheet by its density.
The weight designation for 1 meter from the GOST reference book and documentation was calculated taking into account the indicator 2.85 g/cm3 (2850 kg/m3). This value refers to the density of compositions B95.2, B95.1, B95 and a number of others. But there are a great many types of aluminum and its compositions, and each has its own size.
It may be slightly different from the table weight. And in this case, the weight indicator of 1 meter taken from GOST will differ even more from the real one.
To make it possible to adjust the theoretical mass of the tables, GOST specifies conversion factors for certain brands of aluminum compositions. Having found the required one, we multiply the reference weight indicators by it.
Weight calculation using GOST tables
This method is more accurate and makes it possible to minimize the likelihood of a mathematical calculation. This is ensured by the fact that the tables indicate the weight of one linear meter for the standard width and thickness of manufactured aluminum sheets. At the same time, GOST contains several tables - each takes into account a certain accuracy of rolled metal production.
All these calculated values were carried out by specialists, taking into account permissible deviations in dimensions and manufacturing accuracy, and in terms of theoretical ones they are considered the most accurate. The likelihood of making a mistake is reduced due to the fact that there are fewer calculation operations than with other calculations.
To find out how much an aluminum sheet weighs, you need to select the necessary table based on the accuracy of its production, if these data are indicated. If this data is not available, then we focus on the table, which is intended for products made with acceptable accuracy in thickness and width, since these products are the most popular.
We select in the table the weight of 1 meter, which corresponds to the width and thickness of the product being determined. Then we multiply it by the length of the entire rolled metal product or one product. This is the mass of the aluminum sheet.
To make the calculations more accurate, you need to take into account the brand of the composition from which the sheet is made. The tables contain data for V95.2, V95.1, V95 with a density of 2.85 g/cm3.
If the sheet is made from a different composition, but you know the brand, we look for the required conversion factor to GOST. Multiply the sheet weight value you determined by it.
GOST does not indicate coefficients for all aluminum compositions. For those not designated, there is a general one: aluminum of another alloy - 0.95. You can use it or try to find the density of the composition from which the calculated sheet is made in other reference sources. If the value you determine is not equal to 2.85 g/cm3, we make an amendment:
- We divide the calculated weight by 2.85 g/cm3.
- Multiply this value by your density.
If the product is of non-standard width, then it can be done this way. We look in the table for a definition of the weight of 1 meter for width, which is as close as possible to the size of your product. We divide it by the reference width, and then multiply it by the data on the calculation sheet. As a result, your product weighs 1 meter. Next we calculate as stated above.
How to find out the weight by the specific gravity of 1 square meter?
As mentioned above, it is advisable to calculate the mass of the sheet using tables. Therefore, if they are at hand, then it is best to follow the advice in the chapter described above. If not, then this one. First, measure the length, thickness and width of the sheet.
Before calculating the weight of an aluminum sheet, you need to find out its specific gravity of 1 square meter. Why first find out the volume of 1 sq. m.:
V=LхHхT, where:
- L, H and T – length, width and thickness of the sheet in meters.
In our case, L and H products are 1 square meter in size. equal 1 meter, then the formula looks like this:
V = 1x1xT.
Then we find from the tables the density of the composition (P) from which the sheet is made. If the density is indicated in g/cm. cubic meters, then convert to kg/m. cube – multiply the tabular data by 1000. If you don’t have a reference book at hand, then substitute the density of aluminum – 2700 kg/m. cube We determine the specific gravity: m=VхP.
This weight is 1 sq. m. will be in kilograms. Then we multiply it by the length and width of the product. As a result, we get the desired weight. The calculation can be made without intermediate determination of the specific gravity of aluminum. It is described below. Just once you know the specific gravity of an aluminum sheet, you can, if necessary, use it again as a universal constant to calculate the mass of sheets of the same composition and with the same thickness, but with different lengths and widths .
Average weight by product size
We make a series of measurements of thickness, length and width in various places of the sheet. We determine one minimum and maximum value for all measurements. We determine their average indicators: we combine the maximum with the minimum, and divide this result by two.
Then we determine the volume of the sheet:
V=LхHхT, where:
- L, H and T are the average length, width and thickness in meters.
Determine the weight: M=VxP. We find out the density P in the same way as in the chapter described above.
As a rule, the assortment of aluminum steel is primarily needed by purchasing suppliers to determine the weight of rolled metal. If during work the question often arises about how to determine the weight of an aluminum sheet, and there is no reference book at hand, then the best option for solving this problem is to calculate the weight of the sheet using the above formulas.
Source: https://stanok.guru/cvetnye-metally-i-splavy/alyuminiy/kak-uznat-ves-odnogo-pogonnogo-metra-alyuminievogo-lista.html
How to find out the weight of one linear meter of aluminum sheet. Weight aluminum
MiscellaneousWeight aluminum
Aluminum is the most common metal in the earth's crust. It is a component of clays, feldspars, micas and many other minerals. The total aluminum content in the earth's crust is 8% (mass.).
Aluminum is a silvery-white (Fig. 1) lightweight metal. It is easily drawn into wire and rolled into thin sheets.
At room temperature, aluminum does not change in air, but only because its surface is covered with a thin film of oxide, which has a very strong protective effect.
Rice. 1. Aluminum. Appearance.
Atomic and molecular mass of aluminum
The relative molecular mass of a substance (Mr) is a number showing how many times the mass of a given molecule is greater than 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom, and the relative atomic mass of an element (Ar) is how many times the average mass of atoms of a chemical element is greater than 1/12 the mass of an atom carbon.
Since in the free state aluminum exists in the form of monatomic Al molecules, the values of its atomic and molecular masses coincide. They are equal to 26.9815.
Isotopes of aluminum
It is known that in nature aluminum can be found in the form of one stable isotope 27Al. The mass number is 27. The nucleus of an atom of the aluminum isotope 27Al contains thirteen protons and fourteen neutrons.
There are radioactive isotopes of aluminum with mass numbers from 21 to 42, among which the longest-lived isotope 26Al, whose half-life is 720 thousand years.
Aluminum ions
At the outer energy level of the aluminum atom there are three electrons, which are valence:
1s22s22p63s23р 1.
As a result of chemical interaction, aluminum gives up its valence electrons, i.e. is their donor, and turns into a positively charged ion:
Al0-3e → Al3+.
Aluminum molecule and atom
In the free state, aluminum exists in the form of monoatomic Al molecules. Here are some properties characterizing the aluminum atom and molecule:
| Atom ionization energy, eV | 5,99 |
| Relative electronegativity | 1,61 |
| Atomic radius, nm | 0,143 |
| Standard enthalpy of dissociation of molecules at 25oC, kJ/mol | 329,1 |
Aluminum alloys
The main use of aluminum is the production of alloys based on it. Alloying additives (for example, copper, silicon, magnesium, zinc, manganese) are added to aluminum mainly to increase its strength.
Duralumins containing copper and magnesium, silumins in which the main additive is silicon, magnalium (an alloy of aluminum with 9.5-11.5% magnesium) are widely used.
Aluminum is one of the most common additives in alloys based on copper, magnesium, titanium, nickel, zinc and iron.
Weight of aluminum sheet. | MechanicInfo
Source: https://10i5.ru/raznoe/massa-alyuminij.html
Aluminum sheet weight table
Non-ferrous metal Rolled aluminum Sheet Aluminum sheets are produced in accordance with GOST 21631-76 from aluminum and its alloys of grades A0-A7, AD0, AD1, AD, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5, AMg6B, AMts, VD1, D16A, D1, etc. The thickness of aluminum sheet is within 0.3-10.5mm, aluminum sheet length - 2000-7200mm. The weight of an aluminum sheet is determined according to the tables of GOST 21631-76, which show the theoretical weights of one linear meter of sheet. Possessing fire-resistant qualities, as well as incomparable resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences, aluminum sheet is increasingly used by many designers. Weight of aluminum sheet according to GOST 21631-76 Sheet thickness, mmTheoretical weight of 1 m of sheet, kg, normal manufacturing accuracy in thickness and increased accuracy in width
An example of the designation of an aluminum sheet: aluminum sheet AMg2 in an annealed state, thickness 0.7 mm, width 1200 mm, length 2000 mm, increased manufacturing accuracy, high surface finish: Sheet AMg2.M 0.7Px1200Px2000P GOST 21631-76. IN |
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Aluminum sheet weight
Currently, aluminum and aluminum alloys are increasingly used in mechanical engineering, aircraft manufacturing, and also as a building material. Aluminum is lightweight and easy to process, and its anti-corrosion properties are high. It has atomic number 13 and is denoted by the Latin letters Al. It is one of the most common non-ferrous metals on the globe. The melting point of aluminum is 660 C. In this article we will talk about aluminum sheets. Aluminum sheets are used in the food industry, automotive production, aircraft manufacturing and in the production of building materials and parts. There are several types of aluminum sheets, namely with a smooth and corrugated surface. The patterns of the corrugated surface are identical to corrugated sheets made of ferrous metal. In order to enhance the strength, anti-corrosion, ductility and other properties in aluminum sheets, aluminum alloys with iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), zinc are used (Zn), copper (Cu). Alloys have designations, for example: - “AD” is an alloy of aluminum with iron (Fe) and silicon (Si). This alloy increases the strength qualities of the material and reduces ductility. The use of such an alloy is possible in industrial air conditioning systems and in advertising billboards. — “AMts” is an aluminum-manganese alloy. Contains impurities of silicon (Si) and iron (Fe). Thanks to them, the solubility of magnesium in aluminum becomes less. This alloy has good ductility, anti-corrosion properties and excellent weldability. Such alloys have found their application in the food industry and facing elements.Read more..Join the group and you will be able to view images in full sizesubscribe.ru
Reference information on non-ferrous metals
Source: http://ooo-asteko.ru/ves-listovogo-alyuminiya-tablitsa/
What to consider when purchasing aluminum sheet: types of material, prices and suppliers
Aluminum sheet is one of the most popular materials in industry and private construction. There are several types of aluminum sheets, differing in processing method, size and cost. What is cold-worked and clad sheet, what kind of corrugations are there, and what should you pay attention to when choosing and purchasing aluminum sheet?
What types of aluminum sheets are there?
Aluminum sheet is a semi-finished product made from aluminum or its alloys with the addition of other metals by hot deformation and subsequent cold rolling. Its main characteristics: high anti-corrosion properties, ease of machining, low weight, ductility and resistance to low temperatures. All this allows aluminum sheet to adequately compete with rolled stainless steel, and in some ways even surpass it.
Sheet aluminum is supplied to consumers in sheets of measured length, multiples of measured length within the lengths established by GOST 21631-76 (with an interval of 500 mm), unmeasured lengths or in rolls weighing from one to three tons. Depending on the grade of aluminum and its processing technology, the length of the sheet ranges from 2000 mm to 7000 mm.
Width of aluminum sheet in mm, established by GOST: 600, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000.
In terms of sheet thickness, sheet aluminum occupies an intermediate position between aluminum foil (thickness 0.007–0.2 mm) and aluminum plates (thickness 11–200 mm). GOST 21631-76 regulates both the actual thickness of the aluminum sheet and the maximum permissible deviations from it. According to GOST, the thickness of the aluminum sheet should be 0.3–10.5 mm.
Stamps
Aluminum sheets differ not only in size, but also in composition, processing method and shape. Among the most common grades of aluminum sheet, two types can be distinguished.
- Sheets produced from primary aluminum grade A0 (aluminum content 99%, hardness 25 MPa), A5 (99.5%, 20 MPa), A6 (99.6%, 20 MPa), A7 (99.7%, 20 MPa ). Primary aluminum is completely non-toxic and can be used in the food industry.
- Sheets made of technical aluminum grades AD and aluminum alloys with copper, manganese, zinc and magnesium grades AMg2nr, AMg3, AMg5, AMts, VD1, D16, D16A. They are used in various industries, such as shipbuilding, construction, mechanical engineering, and aircraft manufacturing.
The marking of sheet aluminum also indicates the manufacturing method, type of material processing and surface finishing, and sheet dimensions. For example, the marking of an aluminum sheet made of AD1 alloy, without heat treatment, conventional surface finishing, 1000 mm wide and 2000 mm long, will look like this: AD1-5x100x2000 GOST 21631-76.
In addition to GOST 21631-76, in accordance with which sheet aluminum for general and special technical purposes is manufactured, there are GOSTs for the chemical composition of individual grades:
- GOST 11069-74 - regulates the chemical composition of grade A5;
- GOST 1131-76 - chemical composition of grade VD1;
- GOST 4784-97 - chemical composition of rolled sheets of technical grades of aluminum.
Production
In accordance with GOST 21631-76, aluminum sheets are produced in one of two ways - hot or cold rolling. The cold rolling method can be used to produce aluminum sheets with a thickness of less than 6 mm. Thicker sheets are produced on a hot rolling mill.
In some cases, the sheet is coated with an additional layer of aluminum, copper and steel. This process is called cladding. Unclad sheets are made from primary or technical aluminum, which is highly resistant to corrosion. There are two types of cladding:
- Normal plating. The sheet is made from durable and hard aluminum alloys that require anti-corrosion protection. When the sheet thickness is more than 1.9 mm, a layer of aluminum with a thickness of 2% of the thickness of the sheet itself is used for cladding. For thinner sheets, the cladding layer is at least 4%. In the marking it is indicated by the letter “A”.
- Technological cladding (B). In this case, the cladding layer is 1.5% of the sheet thickness and is applied only to facilitate the rolling process and improve the appearance of the sheet.
Important!
For use in aggressive environments, it is necessary to choose an unclad aluminum sheet or a sheet with normal cladding. Technological plating cannot protect against corrosion.
Material processing
To give aluminum sheets additional qualities, they are subjected to thermal or mechanical treatment. As a result, the sheets change their physical properties and become more malleable and ductile. According to the processing method, aluminum sheets are divided into several types:
- Aluminum sheet without heat treatment. It is obtained by cold working. This sheet has sufficient strength due to its thickness of 5–10.5 mm.
- Annealed aluminum sheet. Annealing is heating a material to a certain temperature, followed by holding and slow cooling. Processing sheets by annealing helps relieve internal stresses in the metal, improve its quality and improve machinability. The letter “M” is used to mark such sheets.
- Cold-worked aluminum sheet. Cold hardening is the cold processing of aluminum by pressure. This method effectively increases the strength and hardness of the sheet. A cold-worked sheet 2 mm thick has a tensile strength twice as high as an annealed sheet of the same thickness and grade. Cold-worked sheets are marked with the letter “H”.
- Hard-worked to one-half or half-hard-worked (H2).
- Refined aluminum sheet (P). For its production, aluminum is used, purified by electrolysis from non-metallic inclusions and gases.
- Hardened aluminum sheet. Hardening is a thermal processing method similar to annealing, but differs from the latter in the rapid cooling of the material. When hardening, the wear resistance of the sheet and its strength significantly increase.
- Naturally aged aluminum sheet. With this method, the sheets are aged at room temperatures for a certain time. Natural aging is used mainly to strengthen sheets of aluminum alloys.
The surface finish of the sheet can be normal (without special markings), high (P) and high (H). According to GOST 21631-76, high-finish sheets are made from aluminum grades A6, A7, A5, A0, AD and some alloys. The thickness of the sheet with high finishing is up to 4 mm.
Leaf shape
Aluminum sheets are divided into several types according to their shape:
- sheets of general and special purpose (standard);
- corrugated aluminum sheets;
- perforated sheets;
- corrugated sheets.
General purpose and specialty sheets have a smooth surface in a regular, raised or high finish. These sheets are mainly used in the production of stainless steel structures for the food, fuel, chemical industries and mechanical engineering. For the manufacture of sheets for general and special purposes, aluminum and its alloys of grades A5, AD, AMg1, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5, AMg6, A6M, AMts, AD1, VD1, D16 are used.
Corrugated aluminum sheets are a type of sheet with a rectangular cross-section and a convex pattern on the surface formed by so-called corrugations. The riffles are located at a certain angle to each other and can be of several types:
- “lentil” is the simplest pattern, consisting of one repeating riffle;
- “duet” - a pattern with double corrugation arranged in a checkerboard pattern;
- “quintet” is a pattern of five parallel riffles perpendicular to each other.
Source: https://www.kp.ru/guide/aljuminievyi-list.html
